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Exophytic brain stem gliomas are rare and are generally seen in paediatric population. These are usually low grade gliomas. We report a case of brainstem glioblastoma in an elderly patient presenting as a cerebellopontine mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family caregivers of operated neurosurgery patients function as informal extensions of the health system. But they are untrained and unprepared for their new role. It has been felt that their problems related to care provision can be resolved by appropriate training., Aim: This study aimed to compare the impact of self-instruction manual-based training of family caregivers of operated neurosurgery patients on their knowledge regarding care provision and care practices., Setting: Tertiary care hospital setting located in North India., Design: Randomized controlled trial., Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was done among the operated neurosurgery patients and their caregiver dyads ( n = 90). They were randomly allocated to receive either self-instruction manual and one-to-one training (TP1) or self-instruction manual only (TP2). Block randomization method was used. Sequentially numbered sealed envelope was used for allocation concealment. Monthly follow-up was done for 3 months. The primary outcome measure was knowledge gain of the caregivers., Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test, Student's t -test, paired t -test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and Bonferroni's correction were used., Results: The attrition rate was 15.5%. Intention-to-treat analysis was followed. Caregivers in the TP1 group had significant knowledge gain (95% confidence interval of mean difference 9.4-14.5, P < 0.05). The number of caregivers who had followed correct caregiving practices was significantly more in the TP1 group., Conclusion: Training of caregivers by providing information along with one-to-one training is an effective strategy for improving the knowledge and skills of caregivers regarding care provision of the operated neurosurgery patients., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Aim: Acute onset spontaneous cerebellar hematoma (SCH) is a neurosurgical emergency with unpredictable natural history and outcome. Specific guidelines are available for management of small ( < 2.5 cm) and large sized (4.0 cm < ) SCH. But, literature is sparse for treatment of moderate sized SCH (2.5-4.0 cm)., Material and Methods: In a retrospective analysis of 32 patients, with moderate sized acute SCH, external ventricular drainage (EVD) tube was inserted for evaluation of ICP and evacuation of cerebrospinal fluid. All patients with ICP > 25 mmHg underwent emergency SCH evacuation. Postoperatively, EVD was continued for 48-72 hours for ICP monitoring. Patients showing no improvement or persistent ventriculomegaly underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion for the management of hydrocephalus., Results: 29/32 patients needed operative intervention either in the form of hematoma evacuation or shunt placement. 10 patients improved to GOS 5 and 7 to GOS 4. Overall mortality was 25% (n=8). Despite SCH evacuation, none of the patients with ICP > 40 mmHg experienced good outcome (p < 0.0001)., Conclusion: 47% of patients with moderate sized SCH need surgical evacuation. EVD insertion not only helps in ICP management but also includes the ability to gradually decompress ventricular system by varying the outflow pressure. Apart from radiologic findings, ICP measurement should be a guideline in management decisions.

Objective: Tuberculosis of the craniovertebral junction is an uncommon entity and its optimal management remains controversial. In this study, we present the evolution of management protocol of this disease in our institute in the past 3 decades., Methods: A total of 51 patients with craniovertebral junction tuberculosis presenting as atlantoaxial dislocation from 1978 through 2004 were reviewed. The disease was rated from Stage I to Stage III, depending on the radiological findings. All patients received antitubercular treatment for 18 months. In the initial period of this study (1978-1986), all patients (n = 10) underwent surgery, usually a posterior fusion. In the second period (1987-1998), patients with less severe disease (Stages I and II, n = 14) were managed with external rigid immobilization, whereas patients with severe disease (Stage III, n = 11) underwent either a transoral decompression with or without posterior fusion or posterior fusion alone. More recently (1999-2004), all patients (n = 16) in all stages (Stages I-III) have been managed without surgery by a rigid external immobilization., Results: Except for two patients who died (one because of miliary tuberculosis, the other because of acute hydrocephalus), clinical recovery occurred in all. Follow-up imaging demonstrated radiological healing as well, with regrowth of the destroyed bone., Conclusion: The mainstay of management of tuberculosis of the craniovertebral junction is prolonged antitubercular treatment with a rigid external immobilization. Surgery is not necessary, even in patients with advanced stages of disease. Complete clinical and radiological healing occurs in all patients with conservative treatment.