1,331 results on '"Temperatur"'
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52. Factors influencing resting heart rate in endurance racehorses.
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Esser, Martina, Lindner, Arno, López, Ramón, Muriel, Marcos, and Boffi, Federico
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HEART beat , *RACE horses , *BLOOD lactate , *HUMIDITY , *HORSES , *HIGH temperatures - Abstract
In endurance racing, horses are stopped several times during a race for a veterinary inspection at so-called vet gates and heart rate is the relevant factor for the decision to continue the race. The influence on resting heart rate (HRResting) of endurance racehorses of the following factors was examined: 1) variation by day; 2) morning and afternoon variation; 3) ambient temperature and relative humidity; 4) age and v4 (v4=speed at which the blood lactate concentration is 4mmol/L under the defined conditions); 5) the method used to determine HRResting: auscultation or heartrate meter (HRM). Methods: The HRResting of 19 horses conditioned for endurance racing was determined. They were exercised either in a field or on a treadmill. It was found that HRResting: 1) differed between days (P<0.001 in the treadmill group, P=0.047 in the field group); 2) was higher in the afternoon than in the morning in the field group only (P=0.001); 3) increased with higher ambient temperature (P=0.024) while relative humidity did not affect it; 4) was not related to the age or v4 of the horses; 5) measured by HRM was higher than by auscultation (P=0.001). In conclusion the determination of HRResting of a horse should be based on a mean value determined after measurements taken on several consecutive days under as far as possible standardised conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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53. Verstärken von Stahlbetontragwerken mit Temperaturinduktion.
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Löschmann, Jens, Clauß, Felix, and Mark, Peter
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REINFORCED concrete , *GIRDERS , *SUBSTRATE integrated waveguides , *BENDING moment - Abstract
Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures with temperature induction Subsequent strengthening is not effective for dead loads. Without lifting or pre‐stressing, stresses generated by dead loads remain imprinted into the existing member and are not transferred to the additional reinforcement before considerable cracks have formed. Controlled external temperature induction yields a solution to this problem as suggested here. It can be used for statically indeterminate structures and increases the bending resistance due to reinforcement subsequently glued into slots. The fundamental idea is a systematic induction of temperature gradients. This enables to alter internal forces as required. The bending moments due to dead load are superimposed with stresses induced by temperature constraints so that regions which require strengthening are relieved. Once strengthening is applied the temperature gradient is lowered. This way, strengthening already contributes to carry the dead load. The method is exemplified on two‐span girders in the lab. Its potential is demonstrated by strengthening of the reinforcement at the internal support on high and low dead load levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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54. In‐situ‐Messung des Wasseraufnahmeverhaltens von Fassaden: Auswertung von Messergebnissen an drei Fassadenkonstruktionen.
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Stelzmann, Mario, Möller, Ulrich, and Grunewald, John
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HISTORIC buildings , *BUILDING protection , *ABSORPTION coefficients , *CONSTRUCTION materials , *MEASURING instruments , *WATER temperature - Abstract
In situ‐measurement of the water absorption behaviour of facades – Evaluation of measurement results on three façade constructions. The water absorption behaviour of façade constructions of historical buildings is an important aspect for their durability. To determine the water absorption coefficient of façade construction materials, samples can be taken on site and examined in the laboratory according to the state of the art. With regard to the protection of historical buildings or the influence of mortar joints in fair‐faced masonry, this procedure is not appropriate in all cases. In situ measuring instruments work non‐destructively and directly at the building, but often provide only limited results. This paper contains parts of the dissertation Stelzmann [1]. It contains approaches for the estimation of various effects that can influence in situ tests on water absorption behaviour. These include the correction of three‐dimensional suction in the area of the edge of the wetting surface, varying water temperatures or initial moisture content of the facade materials. After physical derivation, three façade constructions were examined in a comprehensive study with the water absorption measuring instrument developed in [1]. The statistical evaluation of the data gives an indication of the respective proportions of the various effects of in situ measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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55. Perspectives on long-term bee vitality monitoring.
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Hendriksma, Harmen P., Erler, Silvio, and Greil, Henri
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HONEYBEES , *BEES , *POLLINATION by bees , *VITALITY , *AGROBIODIVERSITY , *WEATHER , *FLOWERING of plants - Abstract
Bees are essential pollinators and their protection is relevant to secure biodiversity and agricultural production. MonViA-project members and partners collaborate in monitoring projects to develop effective policies to support biodiversity in Germany. In the current case-study, the impact of climate on honey bee population performance was assessed. We modeled year-to-year Central-European honey yield changes and found + 1°C temperature change to stimulate annual honey yield by + 0.9 kg per colony, and + 100 mm precipitation to reduce honey yields -- 0.4 kg. In regard to different climate change scenarios for Germany, our modelling suggests a potential + 0.4 to + 0.8 kg honey yield gain per colony in 2050, as compared to 2020. We conclude that the German honey bee population may benefit by rising temperatures. We discuss how bee performance is linked to weather and how our analysis would be strengthened by including more data, with a higher temporal and spatial resolution, i.e., intra-annually and -nationally. Pollinator trend monitoring should be extended with analyses that include e.g., extreme weather conditions, disease loads, availability of floral resource, beekeeping practice, land use and landscape structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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56. Wetter und Suizid: Assoziation zwischen meteorologischen Variablen und suizidalem Verhalten – eine qualitative systematische Übersichtsarbeit.
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Pervilhac, Charlotte, Schoilew, Kyrill, Znoj, Hansjörg, and Müller, Thomas J.
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WEATHER , *SUICIDE , *SUICIDAL behavior , *CLIMATE change , *METEOROLOGICAL charts - Abstract
Background: The effects of current and expected future climate change on mental health outcomes are of increasing concern. In this context, the importance of meteorological factors on suicidal behavior is receiving growing attention in research. Objective: Systematic review article with qualitative synthesis of the currently available literature, looking at the association between meteorological variables and attempted and completed suicide. Material and methods: Criteria-based, systematic literature search according to the PRISMA criteria. Peer-reviewed original research studies were included without time limits. Results and conclusion: A total of 99 studies were included and grouped according to the research analysis based on daily, weekly, monthly and annual data. The majority of the studies reported a statistical association with at least one meteorological variable. The most consistent positive correlation was shown between temperature and suicidal behavior. However, the results are not conclusive and in part contradictory. The reported studies differed distinctively in terms of study design. Meteorological parameters may be associated with suicidal behavior. Future research in this area is needed to provide further clarity. Despite existing knowledge gaps, the current findings may have implications for suicide prevention plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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57. Hibernation Sites and Activity of Bats During Winter
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Nelms, Jacqueline and Nelms, Jacqueline
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In the temperate region, bats have evolved the strategy of hibernation to survive the harsh winter. During hibernation, bats enter the vulnerable state of torpor that requires specific environmental conditions to function optimally. Bats are known to use caves and anthropogenic structures as hibernation sites. However, the majority of the bat population cannot be accounted for when such structures are surveyed. There is evidence that bats use other natural structures as hibernation sites. To examine bat’s choices of hibernation sites and activity, acoustic monitoring of bats in south-west Sweden was performed during the winter of 2022-2023. Bat activity was measured in areas with potential hibernation sites in natural structures (rock outcrops), as well as inside and outside of known hibernation sites (anthropogenic structures). The level of activity and the ambient temperature were tested for a possible correlation. Additionally, data from 2006-2022 of surveys of bats in hibernation sites were examined for a possible relationship with outside ambient temperature. Bats were found to be active during the winter inside the known sites of hibernation. There was also activity recorded outside one of the known hibernation sites, but no bat activity was found in the areas of potential hibernation sites. No significant correlation was shown between bat activity and outside temperature, nor between number of bats inside a hibernation site and outside temperature. Further research is needed to develop the knowledge about bats’ hibernation behavior which in turn will aid more effective conservation of temperate bat species.
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- 2023
58. Temperatur- och flödesberoende beteende i anslutning till lek hos harr (Thymallus thymallus) i Indalsälven
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Sjöström, Daniel and Sjöström, Daniel
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Vattenkraftens påverkan på rinnande vatten är välbeskriven i litteraturen. Med ökat intresse för vindkraft och andra energislag med begränsad klimatpåverkan, ökar även behovet av reglerkraft. Effekten av korttidsreglerad vattenkraft på ekosystem är ett aktuellt ämne med kunskapsluckor i stort behov av fler studier. Indalsälven passerar Järkvissle kraftverk några mil norr om Sundsvall. Den lokala harrpopulationen har minskat kraftigt och misstankar finns om kopplingar till korttidsregleringen i Järkvissle kraftverk. Vid förvaltning av ekosystem och djuren i dem är kunskapen om interaktioner och beteenden bland det viktigaste att etablera. Detta för att kunna avgöra om artens beteende påverkas av korttidsreglering. Bristande kunskap om lokala lekbeteenden innebar således att harren nedan Järkvissle kraftverk studerades inför förväntad lekperiod. Studien baserades på två antaganden 1) harr förflyttar sig uppströms mot grundområden, lämpade för lek, när vattentemperaturen ökar. 2) harr är mer aktiv när flödesvariationen är hög, eftersom lekplatsernas beskaffenhet påverkas av flödesförhållanden. Harr (n = 20) från sträckan nedan Järkvissle kraftverk märktes med radiosändare, för att studera rörelsemönster och beteenden i anslutning till lek under perioden 28 april till 29 maj 2022. Vid 24 handpejlingstillfällen registrerades de märkta individernas position och djup. En Multipel linjär regression med bakåtvänd eliminering gav tre signifikanta resultat. Det observerades en ökad aktivitet i form av euklidisk förflyttning vid höga flöden motsvarande en förflyttning om 1,0 m (± 1 m) för varje 1,0 m3 s-1 ökat flöde. Det observerades även ett temperaturberoende val av ståndplats där en ökning om 1,0 ºC resulterade i en förflyttning till en ståndplats som var 0,21 ± 0,03 m grundare, på ett avstånd som var 65,2 ± 12,5 m längre bort från dammen. Studien bör kompletteras med kartläggning av optimala värden för flödesförändring som gynnar harr, samt om det finns andra variabler som, The effect of hydroelectric powerplants (HEP) on waterways is extensive and has been well documented in the literature. But with an increased interest in wind power and other green alternatives, a higher demand for regulated hydroelectric power has emerged, so as not to put stress on the electric grid. Hydropeaking and its effect on ecosystems are a hot topic with gaps in knowledge calling for more research. Indalsälven runs through Järkvissle HEP a few miles north of Sundsvall. The local grayling population has seen a large decline and there are suspicions of a connection to the hydropeaking at Järkvissle HEP. When managing ecosystems and the animals within them it is vital to establish a firm understanding of interactions and behaviour. This can be used to determine the effect of hydropeaking on the behaviours of grayling. A lack in knowledge of local spawning behaviour thus led to a study of the grayling2population below Järkvissle HEP leading up to the expected spawning period. The study was based around two assumptions: 1) grayling move upstream towards shallower areas suitable for spawning as the temperature in the water rises, and 2) grayling are more active when the variation in flow is high, because the number of suitable spawning grounds are limited by flow. Graylings (n = 20) in the area below the Järkvissle HEP were tagged with radio transmitters, to study the movement and behaviour exhibited before the expected spawning period between April 28th and May 29th, 2022. On 24 occasions hand tracking was performed and position and depth of the marked individuals were recorded. Through a multiple linear regression with backwards stepwise elimination three significant results were found. There was an observed increase in activity in the form of Euclidean movement represented by a 1,0 m (± 1 m) movement for every 1,0 m3 s-1 of increased flow. We also observed a temperature dependency when it came to habitat choice, where an increase of 1,0 ºC in water temperatur
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- 2023
59. Temp-validering av PCR-utrustning : MATLAB-applikation och användbarhetstest
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Lundqvist, Gustav and Lundqvist, Gustav
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Polymeras Chain Reaction (PCR) är i dagens samhälle ett oumbärligt verktyg förlaboratorie- och analysverksamhet. Avdelningarna Genetik och Mikrobiologi på Norrlands universitetssjukhus har sammanlagt ca 25 PCR-utrustningar som alla är i behov av regelbundna kontroller. Kontrollerna görs av sjukhusets egna ingenjörer med en egentillverkad mätutrustning för temperaturmätning i utrustningen. Den tillhörande programvaran är över tio år gammal samt bunden till en dator och är i behov av att förnyas för att framtidssäkra möjligheten till kontroller inom byggnaden. Arbetet har gått ut på att utveckla en applikation i MATLAB r2018b som med temperaturmätning validerar PCR-maskiners funktion och prestanda. Den resulterande applikationen består i ett grafiskt användargränssnitt, datainsamling, dataanalys och rapportgenerering. Applikationen utvärderades genom ett användbarhetstest med en testgrupp bestående av två ingenjörer. Efter användartestet vidtogs åtgärder för att tillfredsställa testpersonernas önskemål angående funktion och utseende. Den slutgiltiga applikationen är ett kompilerat MATLAB-program som visar datainsamling i realtid, har automatisk stopp och start, genererar rapport och intyg samt har funktion för kalibrering av mätprober. Arbetet resulterade även i en lista över funktioner och metoder som inte är tillgänglig i aktuell version av MATLAB. För att uppgradera till en nyare version av MATLAB krävs en nyare hårdvara med tillhörande drivrutiner. Listan är motiveringen till varför en nyare hårdvara borde införskaffas vid vidareutveckling i framtiden. En nyare hårdvara borde vara kompatibel med nyaste versionen av MATLAB (r2023a), kunna sampla minst 12 kanaler samt ha en samplingsfrekvens på minst 4 Hz., Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an indispensable tool for laboratory andanalysis activities in today’s society. The Genetics and Microbiology departments at Norrlands universitetssjukhus have a total of about 25 PCR equipment that all require regular checks. The checks are performed by the hospital’s own engineers with a self-manufactured measuring equipment for temperature measurement in the equipment. The associated software is over ten years old and tied to a computer and needs to be renewed to future-proof the possibility of checks within the facility. The work has involved developing an application in MATLAB r2018b that validates the function and performance of PCR machines with temperature measurement. The resulting application consists of a graphical user interface, data collection, data analysis and report generation. The application was evaluated through a usability test with a test group consisting of two engineers. Measures were taken after the usability test to satisfy the test subjects’ wishes regarding function and appearance. The final application is a compiled MATLAB program that shows real-time data collection, has automatic stop and start, generates reports and certificates, and has a function for calibrating measuring probes.The work also resulted in a list of functions and methods that are not available in the current version of MATLAB. To upgrade to a newer version of MATLAB requires newer hardware with associated drivers. The list is the motivation for why newer hardware should be purchased for further development in the future. Newer hardware should be compatible with the latest version of MATLAB (r2023a), be able to sample at least 12 channels, and have a sampling frequency of at least 4 Hz.
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- 2023
60. Faktorer som påverkar patienters sömn under sjukhusvistelse : En litteraturstudie
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Alagic, Selvir, Olsson, David, Alagic, Selvir, and Olsson, David
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Background: The sleep patients receive in hospitals is not optimal and is disturbed by a variety of factors. Sleep is a fundamental part of the human body and is a state the allows for recovery and memory storage. Sleep disorders contribute to a range of complications in the cardiovascular system, endocrine functions, immune system, and nervous system. Aim: The aim was to highlight factors that affect patient’s sleep during hospital stays. Method: A general literature review that includes an analysis of ten articles and a compilation of their findings. The articles were retrieved from the CINAHL and PubMed databases. Results: Identification of sleepdisturbing moments in hospitals is important due to the crucial role sleep plays in the body. Four categories emerged from the analysis, which were:noise, light, temperature and medical- and nursing interventions. The result showed that similar factors were experienced as sleep-disturbing in several hospitals in different countries. Conclusion/Implication: Sleep disorders contributes to physiological and psychological health problems for persons.Nurses require education and knowledge about sleep to provide persons with more adequate person-centered care, Bakgrund: Sömnen patienter får på sjukhus är inte optimal och störs av enrad olika faktorer. Sömn är en basal del av det mänskliga livet och är etttillstånd som tillåter återhämtning och lagring av minnen. Sömnbesvärbidrar till en rad komplikationer på exempelvis kardiovaskulära systemet,endokrina funktioner, immunsystemet och nervsystemet. Syfte: Syftet varatt belysa faktorer som påverkar patienters sömn under sjukhusvistelsen.Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med analys av tio artiklar och ensammanställning av dem. Artiklarna hämtades från databaserna CINAHLoch PubMed. Resultat: Identifiering av sömnstörande moment på sjukhusvar viktigt på grund av den viktiga rollen sömn hade för kroppen. Uranalysen uppkom fyra kategorier. Kategorier som framkom var: ljud, ljus,temperaturer samt medicinska- och omvårdandsinterventioner. Resultatetvisade att liknande faktorer upplevdes som sömnstörande vid ett flertalsjukhus inom flera olika länder. Konklusion/implikation Sömnbesvärbidrar till fysiologisk och psykologisk ohälsa för patienter. Sjuksköterskorbehöver utbildning samt kunskap om sömnen för att ge patienter en meradekvat personcentrerad vård
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- 2023
61. Klimatisch und standörtlich bedingte gefäßanatomische Anpassungen der Grün-Erle (Alnus alnobetula (EHRH.) K.KOCH) entlang eines Höhentransektes in der Axamer Lizum (Tirol, A)
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Fink, Marion and Fink, Marion
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Alnus alnobetula (EHRH.) K.KOCH ist die sich derzeit am stärksten ausbreitende Pionierstrauchart im Alpenraum. Die konkurrenzstarke und regenerationsfreudige Gehölzart aus der Familie der Betulaceae besitzt eine breitere ökologische Amplitude als bislang vermutet. Sie besiedelt zum einen Pionierlebensräume wie Lawinarrinnen, Schneerunsen, Bachufer, die unter dem Einfluss hochfrequenter mechanischer Störung stehen und etabliert sich an ozeanisch getönten Grenzstandorten der obermontanen und subalpinen Stufe, wo sie Klimaxgesellschaften auszubilden vermag und dort das Baumwachstum konkurrenzbedingt unterbindet. Darüber hinaus zieht sie aufgrund des vielerorts im Alpenraum geänderten Beweidungsmanagements als Sukzessionsfolger in verbrachende Flächen der obermontanen und subalpinen Stufe ein. Im Vordergrund der vorliegenden Untersuchungen stand die Frage, inwiefern das wasserleitende Gewebe von Alnus alnobetula über Anpassungen verfügt, die den gegenwärtigen Klimaentwicklungen im Alpenraum entgegenwirken. Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen lehnen sich an folgende drei Hypothesen an: mittlere Gefäßflächen (MGF), Gefäßdichten (GD) und der Anteil der leitenden Flächen (LF) unterscheiden sich signifikant entlang (i) eines Temperaturgradienten (gegeben durch den Höhentransekt), sowie (ii) eines Triebes (von Triebspitze zu -basis) und (iii) sind jährlichen und saisonalen klimainduzierten Veränderungen unterworfen. Dazu wurden im Untersuchungsgebiet Axamer Lizum drei Standorte eines nach Westen ausgerichteten Höhentransektes (1731–1940 m) beprobt und vegetationskundlich erhoben. Die Auswirkungen von Klima- und Standortfaktoren auf die Anatomie der Leitgefäße wurden unter Anwendung von Methoden der quantitativen Holzanatomie untersucht. An drei Schnitthorizonten (Spitze, Mitte, Basis) wurden Stammscheiben entnommen (n = 27), histologische Dünnschnitte präpariert und repräsentative Jahrringabschnitte der Jahre 2010–2020 mittels bildanalytischer Verfahren untersucht. Gefäßanatomi, Alnus alnobetula (EHRH.) K.KOCH is currently the most spreading pioneer shrub species in the Alpine region. The competitive and regenerative woody species from the Betulaceae family has a broader ecological amplitude than previously assumed. On the one hand, it colonises pioneer habitats such as avalanche gullies, snow fens, stream banks, which are under the influence of high-frequency mechanical disturbance and establishes itself at oceanic-tinted border sites of the upper montane and subalpine levels, where it is able to form climax communities and suppress tree growth due to competition. In addition, due to changes in land use management in many places in the Alpine region, it moves into fallow areas of the upper montane and subalpine levels as a succession follower and can form permanent communities in climatically favourable sites. The present surveys focused on the question to what extent the growth of the water-conducting tissue of Alnus alnobetula shows adaptations that counteract the current climatic developments in the Alpine region. The examinations carried out are based on the following three hypotheses: mean vessel areas (MGF), vessel densities (GD) and the proportion of conductive areas (LF) differ significantly along (i) a temperature gradient (given by the altitudinal transect), as well as (ii) a shoot (from shoot tip to shoot base) and (iii) are subject to annual and seasonal climate-induced changes. For this purpose, three sites of a west-facing altitudinal transect (1731¬–1940 m) were sampled and vegetation surveyed in the Axamer Lizum study area. The effects of climate and site factors on the anatomy of the leading vessels of green alder were investigated using methods of quantitative wood anatomy. Stem slices (n = 27) were taken from three previously defined cutting horizons of the shoots (tip, middle, base) and histological thin sections were prepared, from which representative annual ring sections of the years 2010–2020 were examined using ima, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023
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- 2023
62. AC Gate Bias Stress of 4H-SiC MOSFETs : An investigation into threshold voltage instability of SiC Power MOSFETs under the influence of bipolar gate stress
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Saha, Agnimitra and Saha, Agnimitra
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Silicon Carbide, a wide band gap (WBG) semiconductor, has pushed electrical limits beyond Silicon (Si) when it comes to power electronics. It has offered the electrification of society showing promise for a greener future. However, owing to higher material defects, particularly at the oxide/semiconductor interface, threshold voltage (VTH) instability has been a persistent problem. This thesis examines the drift in VTH when a bipolar ac gate bias stress is applied to 4H-SiC MOSFETs. For this purpose, a gate stress setup using a gate driver IC is created. This is followed by a measure-stress-measure (MSM) sequence at varying gate voltages to study the effects of VGS,on, VGS,off, and voltage overshoots on the drift. Two critical VGS,off biases are found. The drift is negligible until the first critical point, accelerated, between the first and second bias, and decelerated beyond the second point with degradation of the oxide. Overshoots/undershoots in the gate drive loop shows an excess drift of 37.77% with only undershoots contributing entirely to this percentage. Drift at higher temperature is smaller than at room temperature but with changing slope. After 400 hours of stress at +18/ − 8V, a VTH drift of 17.5% while a RDS,on drift of only 2.5 % is measured. End of life VTH for devices in this thesis show a drift of 280mV at the automotive application switching limit and 500mV at the solar applications switching limit. The findings are intended for better understanding of device performance limits at high switching cycles and voltage biases., Bredbandgapsmaterialet kiselkarbid har utvidgat gränserna för kraftelektronikens elektriska prestanda jämfört med vad som går att åstadkomma med kisel. Kiselkarbiden har gett nya möjligheter för samhällets elektrifiering vilket är lovande för en grön framtid. På grund av materialdefekter speciellt vid gränsytan mellan kiselkarbid (SiC) och kiseldioxid har det varit ett bestående problem med drivande tröskelspänning. Det här examensarbetet undersöker drift för tröskelspänningen då gate-terminalen i en 4H-SiC MOSFET utsätts för en bipolär alternerande spännings-stress. För detta ändamål har en mätuppställning med en IC-krets för gate-styrning byggts upp. Detta följs av en mät-stress-mät sekvens för varierande gate-source spänningar (VGS) för att studera effekter av VGS,on,VGS,off och spännings-överslängar på tröskelspänningsdriften. Två kritiska nivåer för VGS,off har påvisats. Tröskelspänningsdriften är försumbar före den första nivån, accelererad mellan den första och andra nivån, och retarderad efter den andra nivån med degradering av gate-oxiden. För överslängar och underslängar i gate-spänningen syns en extra tröskelspänningsdrift på 37.77 % där enbart underslängarna bidrar till driften. Tröskelspänningsdriften vid högre temperatur är mindre än vid rumstemperatur men med förändrad lutning för subtröskelspänningskarakteristiken. Efter 400 timmars stress med +18V/-8V, uppmättes en tröskelspänningsdrift på 17.5 % men endast 2.5 % drift för on-resistansen. Vid slutet av förväntad livstid i form av switch-cykler uppmättes 280 mV drift för biltillämpningar och 500 mV för solpanelstillämpningar. Resultaten är ämnade att förbättra förståelsen för komponentprestandans begränsningar efter ett stort antal switch-cykler och olika gate-source spänningar.
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- 2023
63. Rising Temperatures and the Damselfly Shrinkage
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Haglund, Ernie Hacko and Haglund, Ernie Hacko
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Body size governs how temperature affects an organism. As temperature vary on different geographical scales, it mediates activity based on size. How does temperature distribute different sized individuals - and what reproductive fitness follow? This study involves the damselfly Enallagma exsulans and field studies at lake Fayetteville, United States. By measuring body length, temperature, copulatory status, and egg counts, I perform regression analysis to determine the fitness implications of varying temperature. Smaller individuals manage to stay active at higher temperatures, they mate at a higher rate, and they generate more eggs. My study contrasts previous research and highlights both the relevance and complexity of specificity when connecting temperature to fitness., Kroppsstorlek styr hur temperatur påverkar en organism. Eftersom temperatur varierar på olika geografiska nivåer möjliggörs aktivitet baserat på storlek. Hur fördelar temperatur individer av olika storlekar – och vilka reproduktiva konsekvenser medför det? Den här studien involverar flicksländan Enallagma exsulans och fältarbete vid sjön Fayetteville, USA. Genom att mäta kroppslängd, temperatur, kopulationsstatus och antal ägg, utför jag regressionsanalys för att utröna fitness-implikationerna av varierande temperatur. Mindre individer förmår vara aktiva vid högre temperaturer, de parar sig till högre grad och de genererar fler ägg. Min studie står i kontrast till tidigare forskning och belyser både relevansen och komplexiteten i specificitet, när temperatur kopplas till fitness.
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- 2023
64. Lufttemperaturens, vindens och snödjupets inverkan på utveckling av laviner i Abisko/Riksgränsen under 2021
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Dahlström, Maria and Dahlström, Maria
- Abstract
Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie är att studera möjligheten att koppla rapporterade väderdata till antalet rapporterade laviner inom samma område och undersöka i vilken utsträckning rapporterad temperatur, snödjup och vindhastighet påverkar utvecklingen av laviner. I arbetet studeras väderdata kopplat till lavinrapportering inom området Abisko/Riksgränsen. Studien fokuserar på spontant utlösta laviner, det vill säga laviner som utlösts av naturliga väderfenomen utan mänsklig påverkan.Studien bygger på väderdata från endast en väderstation, Katterjåkk, som således får representera hela lavinprognosområdet Abisko/Riksgränsen. Trots att vädret kan uppvisa lokala variationer inom det valda området, tyder resultaten på att det finns ett klart samband mellan å ena sidan väderförhållandena (förändringar i snödjup, vindstyrka och temperatur) och antalet spontant utlösta laviner.Studien visar att väderdata kan användas för att undersöka lavinutveckling i området, och att mer eller mindre ökande snödjup i kombination med vindhastighet verkar vara den huvudsakliga orsaken bakom lavinerna. Många laviner under senare vår verkar också kunna initieras av snabba temperaturförändringar.
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- 2023
65. Optimization of comfort-related energy and thermal comfort for commuter trains : A case study of Stockholm commuter trains
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Lidén, Jimmy and Lidén, Jimmy
- Abstract
Today, energy efficiency is an increasingly important question in which progress is accelerating. One of the high electricity demand energy users is public transport. In addition, passenger satisfaction with thermal comfort is an important parameter. Consequently, it is essential to consider thermal comfort in combination with the energy-saving measures of thermal-related functions. Unfortunately, there have not been a lot of investigations into improving the energy efficiency of the thermal-related functions on commuter trains, where most of the focus has been on traction energy. The first part consisted of a literature study to explore thermal-related functions, energy saving, and thermal comfort of commuter trains. At least three articles have utilized the methodology of evaluating energy measures in IDA ICE; however, none of them has considered door openings that are frequent on commuter trains. The literature study concluded which efficiency measures can be applicable for short-haul distance trains and typical approaches to evaluating thermal comfort. A commuter train is a complex and transient thermal environment, with passengers entering and leaving the train in short intervals, airflows, temperature fluctuations, and the train's movement. Simplifications of the model were made to simulate the average ambient conditions. To validate and adapt the IDA ICE model, experimental measurements were done during the winter season using a thermal camera, air speed, and temperature measurements. The model was validated through experimental measurements and data analysis. In addition, data analysis was used for evaluating some of the energy measures through available live and history-data of the train fleet. The energy efficiency measures, which are quantifiable, have been quantified using the simulation model in combination with the data-analysis. Three categories of energy-saving measures are proposed: easily implementable, medium, and measures that require physical ch, Idag är energieffektivitet en viktigare fråga där framstegen har accelererat. En av energiförbrukarna med hög efterfrågan på elektricitet är kollektivtrafiken. Passagerarnas tillfredsställelse av termisk komfort är en viktigt parameter. Följaktligen är det viktigt att analysera termisk komfort i kombination med energibesparingsåtgärder. Det har inte gjorts mycket tidigare forskning inom att förbättra energieffektivitet inom termiska funktionerna på pendeltåg i Sverige, främst har fokus varit på energi för framförandet av fordonen. Den första delen av projektet bestod av en litteraturstudie för att få en uppfattning av vilka typer av energibesparingsåtgärder som är lämpliga för kortdistanståg som också skiljer sig mycket från långdistanståg. Tre artiklar hittades som har använt IDA ICE för att utvärdera energiåtgärder på tåg, men ingen av dem har tagit hänsyn till dörräppningar som är väldigt frekventa på pendeltåg. Flera metoder undersöktes för att bedöma termisk komfort och för att bygga upp en modell och validera den. Ett pendeltåf är en komplex och transient termisk miljö, där passagerarna går in och lämnar tåget i relativt korta tidsintervall jämfört med långdistanståg. Men det ansågs fortfarande tillräckligt långa tidsintervall för att kunna använda PMV för att bedöma termisk komfort. Jämfört med en byggnad, så sker det stora temperatur-fluktuationer, variationer i antal passagerare, och en kontinuerlig förflyttning av tåget med nya omgivningsförhållanden. För att validera och anpassa IDA ICE-modellen gjordes experimentiella mätningar under vintersäsongen med hjälp av värmekamera, lufthastighetsmätning och temperaturmätning. Modellen kunde valideras med till exempel yttertemperaturer, energisignatur från dataanalys, och hur långt tid det tar för modellen att tappa temperaturen jämfördes med ett liknande tåg, X61. Dessutom användes dataanalys för att utvärdera några av energiåtgärderna. Energieffektivitetsåtgärdena som är kvantifierbara, har simulerats för hur
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- 2023
66. Temperaturskiftningar i målad ytterpanel av gran
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Wallberg, Sara, Haggren, Nina, Wallberg, Sara, and Haggren, Nina
- Abstract
Denna studie undersökte kulörsättningens inverkan på temperaturen på tre olika djup inuti utomhuspaneler av gran. Tre provbitar preparerades, en målades svart, en målades vit och en lämnades omålad. Tre hål borrades i varje panel med olika djup. Temperatursensorer monterades inuti provbitarna och data samlades in under en period av 14 dagar. Resultaten pekar på att den svartmålade provbiten erhöll betydligt högre temperaturer oavsett djup jämfört med den vitmålade och den omålade provbiten. Variationer i hur lång tid det tog för de olika provbitarna att fördela temperaturen inom sig observerades mellan de olika provbitarna och djupen. Resultaten understryker vikten av kulörval och skyddsåtgärder vid träkonservering, eftersom kulören avsevärt påverkar träets temperatur. Att förstå hur temperaturen skiljer sig beroende på kulör kan hjälpa till att optimera hållbarheten och prestandan för utomhusträpaneler.
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- 2023
67. Abborrens (Perca fluviatilis) behov av en fiskväg mellan Mälaren och Saltsjön : Abborrens (Perca fluviatilis) behov av en fiskväg mellan Mälaren och Saltsjön
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Larsson, William and Larsson, William
- Abstract
In the center of Stockholm, a lock by the name Victoriaslussen is being renovated, where in conjunction with this, a fishway is being designed. The purpose of the fishway is to facilitate migration of weak-swimming fish between the Lake Mälaren and the Salt Lake. Perch (Perca fluviatilis) is counted among these weak swimming species. The aim of the study is to, based on research results, reports, and interviews, create an analysis of the challenges the perch face today, and in the future, as well as assessing the need of a fishway in this location. Data show that the perch population in Sweden is in a steady state today, although a reduction in catches in the study area has occurred during the last 25 years. Based on the accessible data it was stated that there is sufficient scientific evidence to draw conclusions about the sustainability of the perch’s stock in lake Mälaren today. The study shows that the decrease in stock can be attributed to human impact on the environment in the form of pollution of the water as well as to climate change. Furthermore, the impact of climate change on the lake’s ecological status, for instance, through an increase in temperature, resulting in eutrophication and descending oxygen levels, will amount to consequences for the perch such as changes in metabolism, size structure in the stock (population and body size). The fishway system created is a circuit (In Swedish: omlöp), which is the most natural and gentle system for a wide diversity of weak-swimming fish. The study concluded that the perch would benefit from a fishway in Victoriaslussen. It would improve the perch’s situation in Mälaren. Although the stock is in a steady state for the time being, climate change in the future will bring new challenges which would make the fishway useful solution.
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- 2023
68. Multi-Site Weather Generator for Complex Terrain Applications in Snow Hydrology
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Dabhi, Hetal P. and Dabhi, Hetal P.
- Abstract
Feinskalige Klimaprojektionen werden zunehmend notwendig, um die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in einem sich schnell ändernden Klima zu verstehen. Für die Planung von Anpassungen in komplexem Gelände wie den Alpen erfordern viele Anwendungen Daten auf einer horizontalen Skala von 100 m oder weniger. Regionale Klimamodelle (RCMs) von heute sind aufgrund ihrer groben Auflösung (typischerweise 10–50 km) nicht in der Lage, die erforderlichen Daten zu liefern; Daher ist eine zusätzliche statistische Herunterskalierung erforderlich, um die gewünschte Auflösung zu erreichen. Durch die Herunterskalierung mithilfe eines Wettergenerators können die erforderlichen Daten relativ schnell und mit weniger Rechenaufwand bereitgestellt werden. Allerdings werden nur sehr wenige Wettergeneratoren speziell für komplexes Gelände entwickelt, die hochauflösende Rasterdaten für Regionen mit komplexem Gelände liefern können, und solche Wettergeneratoren werden selten auf ihre Fähigkeit hin untersucht, realistische Informationen bereitzustellen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Multi-Site-Wettergenerators für komplexes Gelände, der gerasterte, hochauflösende Daten meteorologischer Variablen in den Alpen liefern kann. Das Ziel der Arbeit wird erreicht, indem zunächst ein parametrischer Single-Site-Wettergenerator für sechs Variablen (Niederschlag, minimale und maximale Temperatur, Sonneneinstrahlung, relative Luftfeuchtigkeit und Windgeschwindigkeit) entwickelt und für alle Variablen an 83 Wetterstationen in ganz Europa ausgewertet wird. Als nächstes wird der Single-Site-Wettergenerator zu einem gerasterten Multi-Site-Generator für Niederschläge erweitert, wobei der von Kleiber et al. (2012) angegebene Ansatz verwendet wird. In dieser Arbeit werden zwei weitere Erweiterungen vorgeschlagen, um das Modell für komplexes Gelände geeignet zu machen: Einbeziehung der Höhe in die Kovarianzstruktur und Einbeziehung der Höhe in die Kriging-Interpolation von Parametern, Fine-scale climate projections are becoming increasingly necessary to understand the impacts of climate change in a rapidly changing climate. For planning adaptation in complex terrain such as the Alps, many applications call for data at a horizontal scale of 100 m or less. Regional climate models (RCMs) of today are unable to provide the required data due to their coarse resolution (typically 10–50 km); hence, additional statistical downscaling is required to achieve the desired resolution. Downscaling using a weather generator can provide the required data rather quickly and with less computational effort. However, very few weather generators are built specifically for complex terrain that can provide high-resolution gridded data for regions with complex terrain, and such weather generators are rarely evaluated for their ability to provide realistic information. Therefore, this thesis aims at developing and evaluating a multi-site weather generator for complex terrain that can provide gridded high-resolution data of meteorological variables in the Alps. The objective of the thesis is accomplished by first developing a parametric single-site weather generator for six variables (precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed) and evaluating it for all variables at 83 weather stations across Europe. Next, the single-site weather generator is extended to a gridded multi-site generator for precipitation using the framework given by Kleiber et al. (2012). Two further extensions are proposed in this thesis to make the model suitable for complex terrain: including elevation in the covariance structure and including elevation in the kriging interpolation of parameters. The gridded multi-site precipitation generator is tested and evaluated in a small region with highly complex terrain in the Austrian Alps, where data at 1 km horizontal resolution are generated using a network of 29 weather stations. In the final part, a Wi, Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers, Dissertation Universität Innsbruck 2023
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- 2023
69. Modellgestützte Berechnung der thermischen Belastung bei der Zerspanung von unidirektionalem CFK
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Hintze, Wolfgang, Mehnen, Jan Philipp, Hintze, Wolfgang, and Mehnen, Jan Philipp
- Abstract
The primary challenges in milling of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) workpieces are material and surface integrity as well as tool wear. Exacerbating these issues are high cutting zone temperatures which are inter alia difficult to assess due to steep temperature gradients. Furthermore, orientation of the fibers changes mechanical and thermal material properties. Instead of CFRP laminates consisting of differently oriented layers, this thesis focuses on the simplified case of unidirectional (UD) CFRP. Thus, thermal effects originating from the fiber orientation angle between tool path and fibers can be studied selectively. Modeling the heating of the workpiece as a moving strip-shaped heat source, an analytical formulation of the resulting temperature field for linear tool paths is developed and validated using experimental data. This model enables the development of a numerical simulation tool for straight tool paths which also allows to study nonlinear effects exceeding the scope of the analytical model. In addition, an experimentally validated simulation for convex tool paths with defined radii shows the influence of fiber orientation and radius on the heat accumulation in convex UD-CFRP workpiece sections., Die größten Herausforderungen beim Fräsen von Werkstücken aus kohlenstofffaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) sind die Material- und Oberflächenintegrität sowie der Werkzeugverschleiß. Verschärft werden diese Probleme durch hohe Schnittzonentemperaturen, die u. a. aufgrund steiler Temperaturgradienten schwer zu beurteilen sind. Weiter verändert die Ausrichtung der Fasern die mechanischen und thermischen Materialeigenschaften. In dieser Arbeit wird statt CFK-Laminaten aus verschieden orientierten Schichten der vereinfachte Fall von unidirektionalem (UD) CFK betrachtet. So werden thermische Effekte, die durch den Faserorientierungswinkel zwischen Werkzeugbahn und Fasern entstehen, gezielt untersucht. Aus der Modellierung der Werkstückerwärmung mittels einer bewegten streifenförmigen Wärmequelle wird eine analytische Formulierung des resultierenden Temperaturfeldes für lineare Vorschubwege entwickelt, die anhand experimenteller Daten validiert wird. Auf der Grundlage des abgeleiteten Modells wird zunächst eine numerische Simulation für gerader Schnittkanten entwickelt und zur Untersuchung nichtlinearer Effekte, die über das analytische Modell hinausgehen, verwendet. Zudem zeigt eine experimentell validierte Simulation für konvexe Werkzeugbahnen mit definierten Radien den Einfluss von Faserorientierung und Radius auf den Wärmestau in konvexen Werkstückabschnitten von UD-CFK.
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- 2023
70. Wie verändert sich das Verhalten von Pagurus bernhardus bei der Erhöhung von Temperatur- und Lichtverhältnissen?
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Stach, Thomas, Lüter, Carsten, Trepels, Kristin, Bock, Sarah, Stach, Thomas, Lüter, Carsten, Trepels, Kristin, and Bock, Sarah
- Abstract
The hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus, which is native to the Wadden Sea, is permanently exposed to water level and associated temperature fluctuations due to the strong tides there. Closely related species, including P. longicarpus, also occur in warmer regions such as Texas. To determine the light and temperature tolerance of P. bernhardus and how the species responds to light stress and an increase in temperature in terms of activity, we studied them at increased light intensity and temperatures between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. In this study, we did not find significant differences in behavior in relation to light and temperature stress, so we assume that P. bernhardus is a generalist with respect to the constantly changing environmental con- ditions of the Wadden Sea., Der Einsiedlerkrebs Pagurus bernhardus, welcher im Wattenmeer beheimatet ist, ist aufgrund der dort stark ausgeprägten Gezeiten permanent Wasserstands- und damit verbundenen Temperaturschwankungen ausgesetzt. Nah verwandte Arten, darunter P. longicarpus, kommen auch in wärmeren Regionen wie beispielsweise in Texas vor. Um herauszufinden, wie hoch die Licht- und Temperaturtoleranz von P. bernhardus ist und wie die Art auf Lichtstress und einen Temperaturanstieg in Bezug auf ihre Aktivität reagiert, untersuchten wir diese bei erhöhter Lichtintensität und Temperaturen zwischen 20 und 25 Grad Celsius. In dieser Studie konnten wir keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Verhalten in Bezug auf Licht- und Temperaturstress feststellen, weshalb wir davon ausgehen, dass P. bernhardus ein Generalist bezüglich der sich ständig ändernden Umweltbedingungen des Wattenmeeres ist., Peer Reviewed
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- 2023
71. Temperatur
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Vidal, C., Külpmann, W.-R., Gressner, Axel M., editor, and Arndt, Torsten, editor
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- 2019
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72. PENGARUH VARIASI TEMPERATUR PADA PROSES PERLAKUAN PANAS BAJA AISI 304 TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI
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Dony Perdana
- Subjects
temperatur ,korosi ,baja aisi 304 ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Di dalam perkembangan industri, terutama pada bidang permesinan, metalurgi memegang peranan penting dalam pemilihan logam yang memiliki sifat-sifat mekanik maupun fisik yang sesuai dengan tuntutan produksi. Semakin luasnya tuntutan produksi logam ini. Maka sikap perancang desain dan ahli metalurgi harus mampu untuk menentukan pilihannya terhadap logam yang memperbaiki sifat-sifat logam diantaranya adalah sifat tahan korosi yang baik. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan proses perlakuan panas dengan variasi temperatur, yaitu pada spesimen 1 dengan T = 6000C holding time 30 menit dan media pendingin air. Spesimen 2 dengan T = 7000C holding time 30 menit dan media pendingin air. Spesimen 3 dengan T = 8000C holding time 30 menit dan media pendingin air. Spesimen 4 dengan T = 9000C holding time 30 menit dan media pendingin air. Sebab pada temperatur ini presipitasi karbida akan terbentuk. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mencelupkan spesimen ke dalam larutan asam sulfat H2SO4. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan: Pada temperatur 6000C laju korosi sebesar 11,2208931 mpy, Pada temperatur 7000C laju korosi sebesar 12,6235047 mpy, Pada temperatur 8000C laju korosi sebesar 21,0391745 mpy, Pada temperatur 9000C laju korosi sebesar 30.8574559 mpy, dan pada kondisi non heat treatment laju korosi sebesar 1,40261163 mpy.
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- 2017
73. PENGARUH TEMPERATUR PADA PROSES PERLAKUAN PANAS BAJA TAHAN KARAT MARTENSITIK AISI 431 TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO
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Eddy Gunawan
- Subjects
temperatur ,laju korosi ,laju pendinginan ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Suatu permukaan logam yang berinteraksi langsung dengan lingkungan korosif dengan adanya keadaan ketidakseragaman akan terjadi perbedaan potensial efektif lokal, sehubunan dengan itu makan akan terjadi korosi pada daerah yang lebih anodic daripada permukaan lain disebabkan oleh perlakuan yang dilakukan pada material tersebut, misalnya adalah proses heat treatment. Dalam penelitian ini obyek yang diteliti adalah baja tahan karat martensitic stainless steel AISI dengan kadar krom 17%, kadar karbon 0,20%, kadar nikel 1,6%. Pada penelitian kali ini akan dilakukan suatu penelitian terhadap pengaruh variasi temperatur pemanasan pada proses heat treatment terhadap laju korosi. Proses heat treatment disini adalah menggunakan temperatur pemanasan : 750ºC, 850ºC, 950ºC, ditahan 30 menit dan di quenching dengan media pendingin air. Dari proses heat treatment tersebut akan dilakukan pengujian kekerasan strukturmikro dan uji laju korosi, dimana metode yang digunakan adalah metode immerse (media korosif HCL). Dari hasil pengujian tersebut di atas didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut : baja tanpa laku panas mengalami laju korosi sebesar 51,8 mpy, untuk baja mengalami laku panas 750ºC dengan holding time 30 menit. Laju korosi specimen 1 adalah 50 mpy, specimen 2 adalah 30 mpy, specimen 3 adalah 76 mpy, specimen 4 adalah 68 mpy, specimen 5 adalah 67 mpy. Untuk laku panas 850ºC, laju korosi specimen 1 adalah 43 mpy, specimen 2 adalah 61 mpy, specimen 3 adalah 46 mpy, specimen 4 adalah 29 mpy, specimen 5 adalah 27 mpy. Untuk laku panas 950ºC, laju korosi specimen 1 adalah 82 mpy, specimen 2 adalah 84 mpy, specimen 3 adalah 78 mpy, specimen 4 adalah 75 mpy, specimen 5 adalah 77 mpy.
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- 2017
74. Pengaruh Temperatur, Waktu, dan Aditif Dalam Pembuatan Zircon Micronized
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Sajima and Moch Setyaji
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aditif ,zircon micronized ,pemanggangan ,temperatur ,waktu ,Nuclear engineering. Atomic power ,TK9001-9401 - Abstract
Research on temperature, time and additives effects on milling process in micronized-zircon production has been conducted. The production of zircon micronized started from sorting process on mining products then followed by beneficiation, roasting, leaching, dryng and milling processes. The results showed that the optimum conditions of the roasting process was at the temperature of 425 °C, in 25 minutes and using 4% additives. In these conditions, micronized zircon (2 µm) obtained as much as 92.10% in10 minutes milling time.
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- 2017
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75. Bohrlochgeophysik
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Brenner, Olaf, Rübel, Hans-Joachim, Bauer, Mathias, editor, Freeden, Willi, editor, Jacobi, Hans, editor, and Neu, Thomas, editor
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- 2014
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76. Leckageverhalten von gerissenem Beton – eine mehrskalige Betrachtung.
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Zemann, Moritz, Herrmann, Nico, and Dehn, Frank
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- *
MATERIALS testing , *NUCLEAR reactors , *CONCRETE , *POLLUTION , *RESEARCH institutes , *LEAKAGE - Abstract
Leakage Behavior of cracked concrete – a multiscale approach The leak tightness of the concrete containment plays a decisive role regarding the safety of nuclear reactors during the service and the decommissioning period. Self‐healing effects may help significantly to avoid the contamination of the environment. Over a span of decades, leakage experiments with air and steam in laboratory and real scale have been performed at the Materials Testing and Research Institute (MPA Karlsruhe) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The experimental conditions (temperature, pressure) were chosen according to realistic accidental scenarios. This paper gives an overview on experimental results gained within multiple research projects and describes explanation approaches for at first glance inconsistent results of the large‐scale tests which are newly discussed with the help of the results of the small‐scale tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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77. Modeling of the ductile damage – Application for bar shearing.
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Moakhar, S., Hentati, H., Barkallah, M., Louati, J., Haddar, M., Bonk, C., and Behrens, B.A.
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DAMAGE models , *FINITE element method , *NUMERICAL calculations , *SHEAR zones , *MANUFACTURING processes - Abstract
The finite element method is becoming a reliable tool for designing manufacturing processes. Even in bar shearing, which is a basic operation in the metalworking industry, the finite element method is increasingly employed for the optimization of the process. Ductile damage modeling is crucial thereby. Recent experimental investigations have shown that, in particular, triaxiality and temperature must be considered in the constitutive description of damage in the shear zone. In this context, the Hooputra's criterion is in this work applied for the numerical simulation of shearing taking account of different stress states and temperatures. The parameterization of the model is based on wide experimental investigations. Characterization tests on smooth and notched cylindrical specimens as well as on flat shear specimens are carried out. The selected material for this investigation is the aluminum alloy AW6082. Subsequently, the numerical calculation of shearing is performed. By comparing the simulation results with data from experimental shearing, the importance of the consideration of the temperature gradients and the different triaxiality values in the shear zone is proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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78. Transport von Viren im Grundwasser – experimentelle Untersuchungen und mathematische Modellierung.
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Stumpp, Christine, Kellermann, Claudia, and Griebler, Christian
- Abstract
Copyright of Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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79. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL RESEARCH INTO (2Bi2O3·B2O3)100-x - (2 Bi2O3·3GeO2)x SYSTEM AND ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF OBTAINED ALLOYS.
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Bananyarli, S. I., Gasimova, R. N., Ismayilov, Sh. S., and Khalilova, L. A.
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- *
CHEMICAL research , *ELECTRIC impedance , *ALLOYS , *ALTERNATING currents , *DIELECTRIC loss - Abstract
The paper presents the results of studies into physical-chemical and electrophysical properties of alloys of the (2Bi2O3·B2O3)100-x - (2 Bi2O3·3GeO2)x system. Frequency dependences of electrical impedance (R), dielectric permittivity (ε') and dielectric losses (tg σ) in alternating current and different temperatures were studied. It found that in samples the conductivity is mainly hopping conductivity with lengths varied between localized states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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80. Monitoring hitzebedingter Sterblichkeit in Hessen.
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Siebert, Hendrik, Uphoff, Helmut, and Grewe, Henny Annette
- Abstract
Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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81. Dreidimensionale Temperaturverteilung in großen Wasserkraftgeneratoren: effiziente Simulation und Optimierung.
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Traxler-Samek, Georg and Langmayr, Daniel
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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- View/download PDF
82. Incubation temperature effects on muscle weight, bone strength and walking ability in broilers.
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Oksbjerg, N., Jensen, J. A., Petersen, J. S., and Therkildsen, M.
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PECTORALIS muscle , *TEMPERATURE effect , *BONE growth , *MUSCLES , *MUSCLE growth , *BONES - Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effect of temperature during early incubation on muscle growth and bone characteristics in 34/35 d old broilers using a support muscle (M. gastrocnemius) and a muscle with a high economic value (M. pectoralis). Fertilised Ross 308 eggs were incubated at four temperatures (36.5°C, 37.5°C (Control), 38.5°C, or 39.0°C) from embryonic day (ED) 4 to ED7. Otherwise, the temperature was held at 37.5°C. The live weight at d 32 was not dependent on temperature whereas the ratio between weight of M. pectoralis and M. gastrocnemius at day 34 tended to decrease at 36.5°C and 38.5°C compared to 37.5°C. A tendency was found for a temperature effect on the slope of the breaking strength curve (N/mm) of tibia bone. The slope was numerically largest at an incubation temperature of 37.5°C and lowest at 38.5°C (P< 0.100). The distance to fracture (P=0.013), the area under the curve (energy) (P=0.059), and the diameter of tibia (P=0.047) were largest for male broilers incubated at 38.5 to 39.0°C while females did not respond. In conclusion, early incubation temperature did not seem to change muscles quantitatively. In contrast, increasing incubation temperature to 38.5-39.0°C from ED4-ED7 is beneficial for male broilers, where the bone strength of tibia was increased suggesting an increased ability to walk, although gait score was not affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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83. Analyse thermisch induzierter Spannungen in Glas – Planungsgrundlagen.
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Polakova, Michaela, Schäfer, Steffen, and Elstner, Michael
- Abstract
Copyright of CE/Papers is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2019
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84. The Comparability of Pt to Pt‐Ru in Catalyzing the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction for Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Operated at 80 °C.
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Li, Qihao, Peng, Hanqing, Wang, Yingming, Xiao, Li, Lu, Juntao, and Zhuang, Lin
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- *
HYDROGEN oxidation , *PROTON exchange membrane fuel cells , *ALKALINE solutions , *HYPERCONJUGATION , *HYDROGENATION - Abstract
The Pt‐catalyzed hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) for alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs) has been one of the focus subjects in current fuel‐cell research. The Pt catalyst is inferior for HOR in alkaline solutions, and alloying with Ru is an effective promotion strategy. APEFCs with Pt‐Ru anodes have provided a performance benchmark over 1 W cm−2 at 60 °C. The Pt anode is now found to be in fact as good as the Pt‐Ru anode for APEFCs operated at elevated conditions. At 80 °C with appropriate gas back‐pressure, the cell with a Pt anode exhibits a peak power density of about 1.9 W cm−2, which is very close to that with a Pt‐Ru anode. Even by decreasing the anode Pt loading to 0.1 mg cm−2, over 1.5 W cm−2 can still be achieved at 80 °C. This finding alters the previous understanding about the Pt catalyzed HOR in alkaline media and casts a new light on the development of practical and high‐power APFEC technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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85. Efek Parameter Laku Panas Terhadap Sifat Mekanis Baja Paduan Rendah Kekuatan Tinggi
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Adhitya Trenggono and Alfirano Alfirano
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baja hsla ,perlakuan panas ,temperatur ,waktu tahan ,kuat tarik ,kekerasan ,Technology - Abstract
Baja paduan rendah kekuatan tinggi (High Strength Low Alloy Steel) telah banyak dipergunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi antara lain: konstruksi, pipa saluran minyak dan gas, bejana bertekanan dan otomotif. Pada saat proses pabrikasi, material ini seringkali megalami proses laku panas yang dapat mengakibatkan perubahan sifat mekanik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh proses laku panas normalisasi terhadap sifat mekanik baja paduan rendah kekuatan tinggi dengan mengamati perilaku efek mekanisme penguatan baja antara lain, penguatan besar butir, penguatan larutan padat, penguatan presipitat dan penguatan dislokasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan temperatur dan penambahan waktu tahan pada proses normalisasi mengakibatkan penurunan kuat tarik. Pemeriksaan metalografi menunjukkan adanya pertambahan ukuran buti ferit untuk kondisi tersebut.
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- 2016
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86. ANALISIS PENGARUH TEMPERATUR LINGKUNGAN, BERAT BADAN DAN TINGKAT BEBAN KERJA TERHADAP DENYUT NADI PEKERJA GROUND HANDLING BANDARA
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Ratna Purwaningsih and Aisyah Aisyah
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temperatur ,berat badan ,beban kerja ,denyut nadi ,ground handling bandara ,Industrial engineering. Management engineering ,T55.4-60.8 - Abstract
Aktivitas ground handling bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang merupakan bagian yang berperan penting terhadap keselamatan penerbangan. Petugas ground handling, khususnya petugas apron bertanggung jawab melakukan persiapan sebelum take off ataupun pada saat landing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi temperatur, berat badan pekerja dan tingkat beban kerja pekerja, mengetahui pengaruh temperatur, berat badan dan tingkat beban kerja terhadap denyut nadi 51 pekerja apron baik secara simultan ataupun individual dan menentukan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap denyut nadi. Pengujian pengaruh hubungan variabel-variabel independen (temperatur lingkungan kerja, berat badan, tingkat beban kerja) terhadap denyut nadi dilakukan dengan menggunkan uji regresi berganda, uji t dan uji F. Persamaan regresi yang diperoleh adalah ŷ = 141,062 - 1,452 x1 - 0,697 x2 + 11,681 x3. Berdasarkan uji t dan uji f yang telah dilakukan semua variabel independen mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel dependen baik secara simultan ataupun secara individual. Hasil perhitungan koefisien determinasi menunjukkan bahwa temperatur lingkungan mempunyai koefisien R 0,18, berat badan 0,17 dan faktor tingkat beban kerja 0,424.Hal ini berarti bahwa tingkat beban kerja paling berpengaruh terhadap denyut nadi pekerja apron Bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang. Abstract Analysis the effect of temperatur, body weights, and work load to heart pulse level of Airport ground handling worker Ground handling activities is a vital componen on safety flight. Ground handling officers, especially officers who responsible for apron preparation on takeoff or landing of a plane. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature, body weight and workload level to the heart pulse of 51 apron workers of Ahmad Yani airport Semarang either simultaneously or individually. Data processing and testing is done by using multiple regression test, t test and F test. Formulation as a result of regression analysis is Y = 141.062 to 1.452 x1 - 0.697 11.681 + x2 x3. Result ofe t test and F test show that all the independent variables have a significant influence on the dependent variable either simultaneously or individually. Calculation of the coefficient of determination indicates that environmental temperature has a coefficient R 0.18, weight factor 0.17, and workload level 0.424. This means that the level of workload Ice the biggest influence to heart pulse of the apron workers Ahmad Yani Airport in Semarang
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- 2016
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87. Pengaruh Temperatur terhadap Daya Lenting Kawat Stainless Steel Finger Spring
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Tita Ratya Utari and Justika Oktavia
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finger spring ,daya lenting ,temperatur ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Alat ortodontik lepasan memiliki komponen aktif yang membantu menggerakkan gigi. Finger spring merupakan salah satu komponen aktif yang paling banyak digunakan yang dibuat dari kawat ortodontik stainless steel tipe austenitic dengan diameter 0,6 mm. Lingkungan rongga mulut dapat membuat kawat ortodontik mengalami kerusakan karena di dalam rongga mulut akan terkena paparan dari beberapa faktor seperti temperatur, saliva, plak, pH, protein dan makanan atau minuman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur terhadap daya lenting kawat stainless steel finger spring. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 20 buah finger spring yang telah diaktifkan didalam plat akrilik dan terbagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok 1 (kontrol) dimana finger spring diberi temperatur 37°C, kelompok 2 adalah kelompok dengan pemberian temperatur 15°C, kelompok 3 dengan pemberian temperatur 65°C, dan kelompok 4 dengan pemberian temperatur 15°C dan 65°C. Sebelum sampel diberi perlakuan, terlebih dahulu dilakukan pengukuran pre test daya lenting kemudian sampel diberi perlakuan temperatur selama 1 menit dalam sehari dan diulangi 7 minggu. Setelah selesai maka dilakukan pengukuran post test. Pengukuran daya lenting menggunakan tension gauge. Disimpulkan bahwa hasil uji statistik paired sampel t-test menunjukkan nilai (p0,05) pada kelompok 2 dan 3 yang berarti memiliki perbedaan signifikan pada kelompok tersebut dan pada uji one way ANOVA menunjukkan nilai (p0,05) yang berarti ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari setiap kelompok. Penurunan nilai daya lenting yang terjadi paling tinggi pada kelompok 3 diberi temperature 65°C.
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- 2016
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88. Emissions of CO2 and CH4 and source identification along warming gradients in the spruce forest of Iceland
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Ylä-Soininmäki, Katri, Ympäristö- ja biotieteiden laitos, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Luonnontieteiden ja metsätieteiden tiedekunta, Ympäristö- ja biotieteiden laitos, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Luonnontieteiden ja metsätieteiden tiedekunta, and Faculty of Science and Forestry
- Subjects
hiilidioksidi ,temperaturstigning ,maaperä ,warming ,climate changes ,jord ,biology ,utsläpp ,emissions ,carbon dioxide ,temperature ,ilmastonmuutokset ,volcanic soil ,soil ,temperatur ,biological respiration ,δ13C ,klimatförändringar ,päästöt ,lämpötila ,koldioxid ,lämpeneminen ,biologia - Published
- 2023
89. Untersuchung der Temperaturvarabilität mit Mann–Kendall-Trendtest und Sen-Slope Schätzer in den Städten Accra und Kumasi in Ghana
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Bernard Fosu Frimpong, Addo Koranteng, and Frank Molkenthin
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Schwankung ,Temperatur ,Accra ,ddc:620 ,Kumasi - Abstract
Temperature variability may have direct and indirect impacts on the environments of the Accra and Kumasi Metropolises in Ghana. This study analysed temperature and trends in temperature in both cities using in-situ measurements from one meteorological station in both cities from 1986 to 2015. The temperature indices were computed using the RClimdex package from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI). The temperature time series was pre-whitened before the Mann–Kendall trend and Sen’s slope estimator analysis were applied. Initial analysis revealed minimal variation in temperature in both cities. The results from the analysed temperature indices revealed an increase in warm days and a general rise in the minimum temperature compared to maximum temperatures. Mann Kendall and Sen’s slope revealed significant trends in the annual and seasonal (dry and wet seasons) in minimum temperature in both cities. These might lead to an increased rate of heat-stressed diseases and an overall rise in urban warming in both cities. The analysis of temperature, indices and trends provided comprehensive insights into the temperature of Accra and Kumasi. The results highlight the essence of evaluating temperature indices and trends in light of Climate Change concerns. It is recommended that urban green and blue spaces should be incorporated into land use plans as these policy directions can aid regulate the temperature in both cities. Temperaturschwankungen können direkte und indirekte Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt in den Metropolen Accra und Kumasi in Ghana haben. In dieser Studie wurden die Temperatur und die Temperaturtrends in beiden Städten anhand von Messungen jeweils einer meteorologischen Station in beiden Städten von 1986 bis 2015 analysiert. Die Temperaturindizes wurden mit dem RClimdex-Paket des Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI) berechnet. Die gemessenen Temperaturzeitreihen wurde für die Analyse mit Mann-Kendall-Trend und Sen-Slope Schätzer auf- und vorbereitet. Eine erste Analyse ergab minimale Temperaturschwankungen in beiden Städten. Die Ergebnisse der analysierten Temperaturindizes zeigten eine Zunahme der warmen Tage und einen allgemeinen Anstieg der Minimaltemperatur im Vergleich zu den Maximaltemperaturen. Beide Methoden zeigten signifikante Trends im jährlichen und saisonalen (Trocken- und Regenzeit) Verlauf der Mindesttemperatur in beiden Städten. Diese Trends könnten zu einer Erhöhung von hitzebedingten gesundheitlichen Problemen und einer allgemeinen Erwärmung in beiden Städten führen. Die Analyse von Temperaturen, Indizes und Trends führte zu einem erweiterten Verständnis der Temperaturverläufe in Accra und Kumasi. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Bewertung von Temperaturindizes und -trends im Hinblick auf den Klimawandel. Es wird empfohlen, städtische Grün- und Wasserflächen in die Flächennutzungspläne mit aufzunehmen, damit diese strategischen Planungs- und Regelwerke genutzt werden können, die die Temperatur in beiden Städten positiv beeinflussen zu können.
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- 2023
90. Wie verändert sich das Verhalten von Pagurus bernhardus bei der Erhöhung von Temperatur- und Lichtverhältnissen?
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Trepels, Kristin, Bock, Sarah, Stach, Thomas, and Lüter, Carsten
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Einsiedlerkrebs ,ddc:570 ,Temperatur ,Licht ,570 Biologie ,Verhalten - Abstract
The hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus, which is native to the Wadden Sea, is permanently exposed to water level and associated temperature fluctuations due to the strong tides there. Closely related species, including P. longicarpus, also occur in warmer regions such as Texas. To determine the light and temperature tolerance of P. bernhardus and how the species responds to light stress and an increase in temperature in terms of activity, we studied them at increased light intensity and temperatures between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. In this study, we did not find significant differences in behavior in relation to light and temperature stress, so we assume that P. bernhardus is a generalist with respect to the constantly changing environmental con- ditions of the Wadden Sea., Der Einsiedlerkrebs Pagurus bernhardus, welcher im Wattenmeer beheimatet ist, ist aufgrund der dort stark ausgeprägten Gezeiten permanent Wasserstands- und damit verbundenen Temperaturschwankungen ausgesetzt. Nah verwandte Arten, darunter P. longicarpus, kommen auch in wärmeren Regionen wie beispielsweise in Texas vor. Um herauszufinden, wie hoch die Licht- und Temperaturtoleranz von P. bernhardus ist und wie die Art auf Lichtstress und einen Temperaturanstieg in Bezug auf ihre Aktivität reagiert, untersuchten wir diese bei erhöhter Lichtintensität und Temperaturen zwischen 20 und 25 Grad Celsius. In dieser Studie konnten wir keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Verhalten in Bezug auf Licht- und Temperaturstress feststellen, weshalb wir davon ausgehen, dass P. bernhardus ein Generalist bezüglich der sich ständig ändernden Umweltbedingungen des Wattenmeeres ist.
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- 2023
91. Terahertz-Spektroskopie wässriger Trimethylaminoxid-Lösungen bei Temperatur- und Hochdruckänderungen
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Kolling-Brück, Inga
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Trimethylaminoxid ,ddc:540 ,Hochdruck ,Temperatur ,540 Chemie, Kristallographie, Mineralogie ,Wassermolekül ,Spektroskopie - Abstract
Thema der Arbeit ist der Einfluss von Trimethylaminoxid (TMAO) auf das dynamische Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsnetz bei nicht-Normalbedingungen, genauer, bei entweder Hochdruck bis 12kbar oder bei Temperaturen von 0°C bis 50°C. Untersucht wurde dies mittels THz-Spektroskopie. Messungen bis 12 kbar zeigten zwei signifikante Wendepunkte der intermolekularen Moden, einmal bei 1.5-2 kbar und bei 4-5 kbar. Des Weiteren stieg die Anzahl an insgesamt beeinflussten Wassermolekülen von 9 bei Normalbedingungen auf insgesamt 30 Molekülen bei 12 kbar. Die Verschiebung einer intramolekularen Mode von TMAO mit steigendem Druck konnte beobachtet werden. In temperaturabhängigen Messungen konnte beobachtet werden, dass bei niedrigen Temperaturen TMAO einen stärkeren Einfluss auf das Hydratwasser zeigt, sowie die Komplexität der THz-Spektren bei Temperaturen \(\leq\)20 C zunimmt. Bei den untersuchten Temperaturen nimmt bei steigender Konzentration die Anzahl an beeinflussten Hydratwassermolekülen ab.
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- 2023
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92. Temperature validation of PCR equipment : MATLAB application and usability test
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Lundqvist, Gustav
- Subjects
MATLAB ,Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering ,Programvaruteknik ,Software Engineering ,Signalbehandling ,DAQ ,temperatur ,Datorsystem ,PCR ,appdesigner ,datainsamling ,Computer Systems ,användargränssnitt ,Signal Processing ,validering ,Annan elektroteknik och elektronik ,användbarhetstest - Abstract
Polymeras Chain Reaction (PCR) är i dagens samhälle ett oumbärligt verktyg förlaboratorie- och analysverksamhet. Avdelningarna Genetik och Mikrobiologi på Norrlands universitetssjukhus har sammanlagt ca 25 PCR-utrustningar som alla är i behov av regelbundna kontroller. Kontrollerna görs av sjukhusets egna ingenjörer med en egentillverkad mätutrustning för temperaturmätning i utrustningen. Den tillhörande programvaran är över tio år gammal samt bunden till en dator och är i behov av att förnyas för att framtidssäkra möjligheten till kontroller inom byggnaden. Arbetet har gått ut på att utveckla en applikation i MATLAB r2018b som med temperaturmätning validerar PCR-maskiners funktion och prestanda. Den resulterande applikationen består i ett grafiskt användargränssnitt, datainsamling, dataanalys och rapportgenerering. Applikationen utvärderades genom ett användbarhetstest med en testgrupp bestående av två ingenjörer. Efter användartestet vidtogs åtgärder för att tillfredsställa testpersonernas önskemål angående funktion och utseende. Den slutgiltiga applikationen är ett kompilerat MATLAB-program som visar datainsamling i realtid, har automatisk stopp och start, genererar rapport och intyg samt har funktion för kalibrering av mätprober. Arbetet resulterade även i en lista över funktioner och metoder som inte är tillgänglig i aktuell version av MATLAB. För att uppgradera till en nyare version av MATLAB krävs en nyare hårdvara med tillhörande drivrutiner. Listan är motiveringen till varför en nyare hårdvara borde införskaffas vid vidareutveckling i framtiden. En nyare hårdvara borde vara kompatibel med nyaste versionen av MATLAB (r2023a), kunna sampla minst 12 kanaler samt ha en samplingsfrekvens på minst 4 Hz. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an indispensable tool for laboratory andanalysis activities in today’s society. The Genetics and Microbiology departments at Norrlands universitetssjukhus have a total of about 25 PCR equipment that all require regular checks. The checks are performed by the hospital’s own engineers with a self-manufactured measuring equipment for temperature measurement in the equipment. The associated software is over ten years old and tied to a computer and needs to be renewed to future-proof the possibility of checks within the facility. The work has involved developing an application in MATLAB r2018b that validates the function and performance of PCR machines with temperature measurement. The resulting application consists of a graphical user interface, data collection, data analysis and report generation. The application was evaluated through a usability test with a test group consisting of two engineers. Measures were taken after the usability test to satisfy the test subjects’ wishes regarding function and appearance. The final application is a compiled MATLAB program that shows real-time data collection, has automatic stop and start, generates reports and certificates, and has a function for calibrating measuring probes.The work also resulted in a list of functions and methods that are not available in the current version of MATLAB. To upgrade to a newer version of MATLAB requires newer hardware with associated drivers. The list is the motivation for why newer hardware should be purchased for further development in the future. Newer hardware should be compatible with the latest version of MATLAB (r2023a), be able to sample at least 12 channels, and have a sampling frequency of at least 4 Hz.
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- 2023
93. Proteindynamik unter hohem hydrostatischen Druck
- Author
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Moron, Marc, Tolan, Metin, and Winter, Roland
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Gelation ,Protein ,Temperatur ,Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung ,Protein dynamics ,X-ray scattering ,Flüssig-Flüssig-System ,Hydrostatischer Druck ,Liquid-liquid phase separation ,X-ray ,Coherent scattering ,Röntgen-Kleinwinkelstreuung - Abstract
Der Einfluss diverser thermodynamischer Parameter auf die Protein-Protein Wechselwirkung, sowie das Phasenverhalten von konzentrierten Proteinlösungen ist von fundamentaler Bedeutung für viele physiologische Prozesse. Diese Arbeit befasst sich insbesondere mit dem Einfluss des hydrostatischen Drucks und der Temperatur auf die Kinetik und Dynamik der flüssig-flüssig Phasenseparation (LLPS) in Lysozymlösungen. Die LLPS übernimmt einerseits funktionelle Aufgaben, wie beispielsweise die Bildung membranloser Organellen oder die Übertragung von Nervensignalen. Andererseits ist eine fehlregulierte LLPS an pathogenen Prozessen, wie der Entstehung von Alzheimer oder Katarakt beteiligt. Aus diesem Grund ist es von großer Bedeutung die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen der LLPS vollständig zu verstehen. In der Vergangenheit befassten sich viele Studien mit der Untersuchung der Protein-Protein Wechselwirkung und des Phasenverhaltens in konzentrierten Proteinlösungen mittels Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung. Allerdings wurde in diesen Studien das System charakterisiert, nachdem die LLPS vollständig abgeschlossen war, wodurch Informationen über die Kinetik und Dynamik während der Ausbildung der kondensierten Phase verloren gingen. Deshalb wurden in dieser Arbeit Röntgenphotonenkorrelationsspektroskopie-Messungen (XPCS) an konzentrierten Proteinlösungen während der LLPS durchgeführt. XPCS ist das Röntgenanalogon zur dynamischen Lichtstreuung (DLS), mit dem Unterschied das kohärente Röntgenstrahlung anstelle von Laserlicht verwendet wird. Durch die kleinere Wellenlänge der Strahlung kann somit die Dynamik auf kürzeren Längenskalen auch in trüben Proben untersucht werden. Der Fokus dieser Arbeit lag auf der Untersuchung der Kinetik und Dynamik in Abhängigkeit der Quenchtiefe. Im Fall des hydrostatischen Drucks konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich mit steigender Quenchtiefe das Wachstum der konzentrierten Phase verlangsamt und das System für die größten Quenchtiefen ein nanostrukturiertes Gelnetzwerk bildet. Die Autokorrelationsfunktionen zeigten zwei Zerfälle, wobei der schnelle Zerfall der Oberflächenbildung und der langsame Zerfall dem Wachstumsprozess zugeordnet werden konnte. Für die temperaturinduzierte LLPS wurde eine deutlich langsamere Dynamik und die Ausbildung größerer Strukturen beobachtet. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit befasste sich mit der Untersuchung der Dynamik in homogenen Proteinlösungen. Durch Kombination von DLS- und XPCS-Messungen konnte die Existenz von Clustern in Lysozymlösungen nachgewiesen und gezeigt werden, dass die charakteristischen Zeiten einzelner Proteine in homogenen Lösungen schneller sind, als die Wiederholrate der verwendeten Detektoren., The influence of various thermodynamic parameters on protein-protein interaction, as well as the phase behavior of concentrated protein solutions, is of fundamental importance for many physiological processes. This work focuses in particular on the influence of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on the kinetics and dynamics of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in lysozyme solutions. On the one hand, LLPS performs functional tasks, such as the formation of membrane-less organelles or the transmission of cellular signals. On the other hand, a misregulated LLPS is involved in pathogenic processes, such as the development of Alzheimer's disease or cataract. Therefore, it is of great importance to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of LLPS. In the past, many studies dealt with the investigation of protein-protein interaction and phase behavior in concentrated protein solutions by small-angle X-ray scattering. However, in these studies, the system was characterized after the LLPS was complete, resulting in the loss of information about the kinetics and dynamics during the formation of the condensed phase. Therefore, in this work, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) measurements were performed on concentrated protein solutions during LLPS. XPCS is the X-ray analogue of dynamic light scattering (DLS), with the difference that coherent X-ray radiation is used instead of laser light. Due to the smaller wavelength of the radiation, the dynamics can be studied on shorter length scales, even in turbid samples. The focus of this work was to study the kinetics and dynamics as a function of quench depth. In the case of hydrostatic pressure, it was shown that as the quench depth increases, the growth of the concentrated phase slows down and the system forms a nanostructured gel network for the largest quench depths. The autocorrelation functions showed two decays, where the fast decay could be attributed to surface formation and the slow decay to the growth process. For the temperature-induced LLPS, much slower dynamics and the formation of larger structures were observed. The second part of this work addressed the study of dynamics in homogeneous protein solutions. By combining DLS and XPCS measurements, the existence of clusters in lysozyme solutions was demonstrated and it was shown that the characteristic times of individual proteins in homogeneous solutions are faster than the repetition rate of the detectors used.
- Published
- 2023
94. STUDI OPTIMASI TAKAKURA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SEKAM DAN BEKATUL
- Author
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Arya Rezagama and Ganjar Samudro
- Subjects
Komposter Takakura ,Temperatur ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Teknik pengomposan keranjang takakura telah banyak digunakan oleh rumah tangga di berbagai kota-kota besar di Indonesia. Pada sisi operasional terdapat kendala meliputi menurunnya efektifitas kinerja penguraian sampah organik sehingga sering terjadi kegagalan proses. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu cara sederhana dalam meningkatkan kinerja porses pengomposan metode takakura. Secara garis besar, tahapan penelitian dibagi menjadi tahap persiapan, tahap pengomposan, dan tahap pengolahan data. Penambahan sekam dan bekatul divariasikan ke dalam lima kotak keranjang. Inokulum dalam komposter yang digunakan diambil dari keranjang milik mayarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan sekam dan bekatul pada variasi 3. 4, dan 5 belum menunjukkan hasil signifikan dalam meningkatkan kinerja inokulum seperti kotak 1. Temperatur inokulum baru masih di atas temperatur variasi/kotak yang lain. Hal ini disebabkan pada inokulum baru dimungkinkan masih terdapat mikroorganisme aktif serta sisa makanan dan sirkulasi udara yang baik. Namun jika dibandingkan satu persatu, penambahan sekam dan bekatul mampu menaikkan temperatur pada awal penelitian dibanding kotak 2 pada rata-rata proses. Penambahan bekatul dan sekam menyebabkan peningkatan rasio C/N. Namun, peningkatan rasio C/N tidak serta merta membuat kotak 2, 3, dan 4 memiliki proses degradasi yang lebih baik daripada inokulum baru yang ditandai dengan temperatur. Kandungan Karbon, Nitrogen, Phospor, dan Rasio C/N keseluruhan kompos matang telah memenuhi standar dalam SNI 19-7030-2004, standar internasional, dan Departemen Pertanian, tetapi masih belum sesuai dengan standar Departemen Pertanian dan PT. PUSRI.
- Published
- 2015
95. Metsäpalon lyhytaikaiset vaikutukset hiilen ja typen virtoihin boreaalisessa metsämaassa
- Author
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Matilainen, Maria, Ympäristö- ja biotieteiden laitos, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Luonnontieteiden ja metsätieteiden tiedekunta, Ympäristö- ja biotieteiden laitos, Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Luonnontieteiden ja metsätieteiden tiedekunta, and Faculty of Science and Forestry
- Subjects
climate changes ,jord ,hiili ,skogar ,nitrogen ,boreaalinen metsä ,soil ,typpi ,kväve ,forest fires ,boreal forest ,environmental sciences ,forests ,maaperä ,metsäpalot ,Q10 ,nitrates ,carbon ,nitrater ,temperature ,ilmastonmuutokset ,nitraatit ,metsät ,ammonium ,temperatur ,ympäristötiede ,klimatförändringar ,skogsbränder ,CO2 ,lämpötila ,kol - Published
- 2022
96. Hitzebedingte Mortalität in Deutschland 2022
- Author
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Winklmayr, Claudia and an der Heiden, Matthias
- Subjects
Klimawandel ,Todesursachen ,Temperatur ,ddc:610 ,Hitzemortalität ,610 Medizin und Gesundheit ,Hitzewellen - Abstract
In den Sommermonaten führen hohe Außentemperaturen regelmäßig zu deutlich erhöhten Sterberaten, insbesondere in älteren Altersgruppen. Die Gründe für diese hitzebedingte Mortalität sind vielfältig und reichen von Todesfällen durch Hitzeschlag bis hin zu komplexeren Konstellationen, etwa bei Menschen mit vorbestehenden Herz-Kreislauf- oder Lungenerkrankungen. Der Sommer 2022 war der viertwärmste seit Beginn der Wetteraufzeichnungen im Jahr 1881 und eine Analyse des Mortalitätsverlaufs über die Kalenderwochen 15 bis 36 ergibt eine hitzebedingte Übersterblichkeit von rund 4.500 Sterbefällen. Im Sommer 2022 erhöhte sich erstmalig auch während einer Hitzeperiode die Anzahl der durch COVID-19 verursachten Sterbefälle. Es gab jedoch keine Hinweise auf einen möglicherweise verstärkenden Effekt hoher Außentemperaturen auf die COVID-19-Mortalität.
- Published
- 2022
97. Influence of deposition temperature on the corrosion resistance of electrodeposited zinc‐nickel alloy coatings.
- Author
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Beheshti, M., Ismail, M. C., Kakooei, S., Shahrestani, S., Mohan, G., and Zabihiazadboni, M.
- Subjects
- *
ALLOY plating , *CORROSION resistance , *TEMPERATURE effect , *METAL coating , *NICKEL alloys , *ZINC alloys - Abstract
Abstract: Zinc‐nickel alloy coatings are electrodeposited on carbon steel from chloride bath using a technique of chronopotentiometry at different temperatures. The elemental composition and surface morphology analysis of zinc‐nickel coated samples are done using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The coated samples are immersed in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solution and measurements of corrosion rate are done using linear polarization resistance. Scanning electron microscopy results show that deposition temperature variation has a strong effect which changes the surface morphology and elemental composition of zinc‐nickel alloy coatings. The nickel content in the electrodeposited zinc‐nickel alloy coatings increases with increasing deposition temperature. Uniformity and compactness of the coatings decrease with an increasing temperature. Cracks intensity increases with increasing deposition temperature which is attributed to internal stress due to factors that might be related to hydrogen evolution reaction. The linear polarization resistance results correlated with the morphology and compositional properties of zinc‐nickel alloy coatings deposited at different temperatures, that with an increase deposition temperature, corrosion resistance decreases. Zinc‐nickel alloy coatings with high corrosion resistance, compact and uniform morphology with less crack, and nickel content within the range of 12 wt.% to 15 wt.% are achieved with deposited coating at 25 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Bauphysikalische Aspekte bei Ausführung von hochwertig genutzten Weißen Wannen.
- Author
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Rucker‐Gramm, Petra
- Abstract
Abstract:
Aspects of building physics in the course of constructing high grade white tanks The premium use of basements for example as living or working space requires that aspects of the building physics in the planning, implementation and utilization are taken into account. The overriding objective is to ensure a comfortable indoor climate and the prevention of condensation and mould formation. In that regard, moisture entry shall be limited by the building envelope and by its use. The moisture transport through the building envelope is here of secondary importance, since this shall not occur when the requirements of the WU‐Directive are met. Building moisture is only relevant in the first months after the start of use. Significant influence on the moisture content in the room has its use. Adequate ventilation has to remove use‐related moisture entry. Moisture‐absorbing materials on the inner surface of walls can further positively influence the indoor climate as humidity peaks are reduced. A heat‐protective technical optimization of the building envelope leads into increasing surface temperatures of the structural components. This results in surface temperatures, which are perceived by users as being comfortable. In addition, the risk of mould and condensation is reduced. Under the aspect of energy losses in the area of thermal bridges and the associated costs, the execution of an externally insulated WU‐construction is preferable vs. the internally insulated alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
99. Temperatur-Komparator auf Basis eines druckgeregelten Wärmerohres.
- Author
-
Krenek, Stephan and Rudtsch, Steffen
- Subjects
HEAT pipes ,HEAT-transfer media ,TEMPERATURE measurements ,ISOTHERMAL processes ,PIPE testing - Abstract
Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. Wildpflanzen-Samen in der Biogas-Anlage: Screening des Überlebensrisikos verschiedener Arten.
- Author
-
Hahn, Juliane, Parzych, David, Schulz, Julia, Westerman, Paula R., and Gerowitt, Bärbel
- Abstract
Copyright of Julius-Kühn-Archiv is the property of Julius Kuehn Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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