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R&D spending in Japan is expected to rise despite the country's financial crisis. Both the Japanese government and major Japanese firms announced plans to boost spending on science and technology in 1998. The most significant R&D increases in the private sector are expected in the electronics, automobile and machinery industries. It also appears that more Japanese R&D will be conducted in the country as companies reduce their direct investments overseas.

The importance of scientific regulation in improving the economy with the least impact on the environment is discussed. Details on responsible science and technology policies and new cabinet appointees in the Food and Drug Administration, agriculture and environmental protection under Barack Obama's administration are provided.

Literature on research partnerships from a range of sources is examined in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of these partnerships are examined in terms of private and public sectors.

Literature on technology transfer is examined in detail. Criteria for effectiveness of such transfers are explained and compared.

Ways in which technology programs can be evaluated are examined in detail. Differences between performance reviews and program evaluations are set out.

Views on ways in which technology diffusion occurs are examined in detail. A number of models are compared and contrasted. They include the probit and epidemic models.

Evaluation studies of the effect of government subsidies to promote R and D are examined in detail, including the methodological problems involved.

The effect of changes in US policy on patents is examined in detail in terms of how they have affected innovation in the US, with a review of the literature.

Fiscal incentives to promote R and D are analyzed in terms of their effectiveness, using econometric methods. Estimates for the impact of tax credits are set out.

Ronald Reagan has declared his intention for the U.S. to lead the world in technology by proposing a 10% budget increase for basic research. The money is sorely needed to modernize laboratories and lab equipment and to stimulate interest in research professions. It is hoped that industry will also step in and help finance research.

Strategic alliances between a federal research laboratory and technology companies bring several benefits. These, in turn, provide numerous stakeholders of varying expertise to cooperate in product development and service creation. Currently, this approach to economic growth is being implemented by Lockheed Martin Energy Systems and Lockheed Martin Energy Research and Oak Ridge National Laboratory via licensing as well as collaborative research and development agreements.

Leaders in Arizona's burgeoning technology sector hope to boost grassroots innovation under a plan that would expand the state's role in high-tech enterprise. Industry proponents will unveil a comprehensive technology [...]

Latin American nations are implementing new science and technology policies to familiarize themselves with new innovations that will allow sustainable economic development. These countries, which include Brazil and Argentina, are investing heavily in various R&D projects to apply science and technology to the four areas of trade, democracy, social development and environmental sustainability. They are being aided in their efforts by international organizations, such as the Organization of American States and the Interamerican Development Bank.

Ten years from today, not only San Diego but our entire world will be a vastly different environment. The radical effect technology will have on the global market will astound [...]

In an interconnected world economy, new technology diffuses across borders. But the pace and the extent to which technical know-how flows across national boundaries depends crucially upon the character of [...]

Soon after taking office, President Clinton described the basic principles and goals of his Administration's international economic policy. The President committed the United States to active global engagement to promote [...]

The Clinton Administration's proposed fiscal 1994 budget demonstrates a new focus in its funding. Previously funding was strong in the 'basic science and mission-oriented research & development, awaiting the benefits to the public to trickle down to the private industries,' according to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The new investment focus is more federal funding to projects with commercial viabilities or more cooperative workings between federal and civilian technology needs, according to the OMB. The proposed fiscal 1994 budget calls for less than $76 billion in expenditures for federal research and development investment.

The National Technology Initiative (NTI) started in early 1992 to foster better relations between the industry and government entities. Aconsolidation of efforts between the two sectors can immensely benefit the commercialization of technology. NTI also supervised several regional conferences as part of an overall plan to fortify the US' competitiveness. NTI's programs will hopefully maximize federal technology resources.