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Tools and mechanisms for the organization of a multilevel operational management system at a knowledge-intensive enterprise are considered. The system is intended to ensure that the enterprise has the required material resources for its extremely diverse and rapidly changing production processes, in an era of complex digital transformation. The dominant groups of indices characterizing the integration of the proposed management system at the enterprise are listed. This list focuses on advanced methods and digital tools. It is clear that the Industry 4.0 paradigm is associated with greater automation of production and faster delivery of new products to the market, and so the enterprise's existing structure of business processes must be modified in the light of comprehensive digital transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The EU agri-food sector, which is mainly composed of small and medium-sized enterprises has become more demanding in terms of technological inputs to reduce costs, improve the added value of food products, achieve sustainability issues, or address new market opportunities. The introduction of new technologies poses challenges for SMEs that lack the resources and time to cope with the technological transformation, which involves not only the assimilation of new technology in organizational processes but also business model innovation. In this context, this research aims to empirically explore the paths of agri-food SMEs engaged in the technological transformation process, based on the drivers and barriers, as well as the strategies used by these companies to overcome these barriers. In-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 EU agri-food SMEs were conducted and analysed using a combination of deductive pattern-matching and inductive approach. Based on similarities in terms of drivers, barriers, and strategies, seven main groups were identified to draw the paths of the technological transformation process for agri-food SMEs. Findings reveal that there is one common strategy that is adopted by all 14 companies, namely the employment of different types of partnerships and collaborations that allow companies to successfully enter new markets. The study contributes to the literature on technology transformation related to the agri-food sector, by proving insights into how EU agri-food SMEs cope with this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

The development level of the high-tech industry affects the comprehensive competitiveness of a country and a region. It has great theoretical and practical significance to grasp the status quo and differences in technological innovation capability of regional high-tech industries in R&D and transformation and to provide a basis for relevant departments to formulate differentiated policies for developing high-tech industries. In order to comprehensively reflect the innovation capability and fully excavate and extract the differentiated information of China's regional high-tech industry. According to the characteristics and laws of panel data on the high-tech industry, from the two dimensions of technology R&D and achievement transformation, the grey incidence analysis method is exploited to a novel grey matrix type incidence clustering model based on the panel data for high-tech innovation capability assessment and differences extraction. The result shows that the high-tech innovation capability is not strong on the whole, and there are obvious regional differences and imbalances in R&D and transformation, the ranking is in the order of eastern, central, and northwestern provinces and cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article considers the aspects of transforming the adaptive management of knowledge-intensive enterprises under highly volatile institutional conditions in the current technological order. The initial scientific hypothesis was that the quality and efficiency of enterprises in the medium and long term is a consequence of management system transformation, as a result of using a wide range of digital technologies in the process of implementating preventive management measures aimed at maintaining a certain level of correspondence between the digital environment and the internal capacity of the management system.The structural aspects of the concept of adaptive transformation of the management system of knowledge-intensive enterprises in a highly variable digital environment have been analysed. An algorithm that represents a complete independent system has been proposed in which the order and levels of interconnection between individual subsystems and elements have been determined, with the adaptive transformation process itself as the central link, which is supported by a complex of different subsystems. A methodological approach for implementating a multicomponent process of adaptive management system development has been presented, detailing the various methodological recommendations and developments. The methodological techniques used for the indicative assessment of the level of efficiency of the management system of knowledge-intensive enterprises have been outlined.An independent and unified digital management environment for knowledge-intensive enterprises enables real-time analysis of business processes in order to make timely, high-quality and effective decisions in the following key areas: investment and financial activities; enterprise knowledge and personnel management; production and technical management; logistics, operations and disposal. The article offers methodological recommendations on the reengineering of business processes in knowledge-intensive enterprises in a new technological mode. more...

Accelerating the promotion of the green transition can help to achieve high-quality development in manufacturing industries. In terms of policies that encourage the transition to green production, carbon trading is a direct and effective means of achieving this goal, and the carbon price is an important regulator in trading. Normally, firms respond to carbon prices by making three behavioral choices: production restrictions, pollution reduction, and the technological transition to green production. This study examines the effect of carbon price volatility on the decision to conduct green production, i.e., transforming to sustainable technologies and processes. In addition, this paper also investigates whether organizational resource slack and organizational technical standards moderate the relationship between the carbon price volatility and firms' green transitions. The results suggest that a steadily increasing carbon price will motivate firms to make a green transition, but if the carbon price is volatile, firms will be reluctant to make a green transition. This tendency to make a green transition is stronger when firms have resource slack and have implemented green technical standards. The findings provide empirical evidence and policy implications regarding how manufacturing firms can accelerate their green transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This paper considers the protection of intellectual property rights and financial development in the green low-carbon endogenous economic growth model, and also considers the total financing scale of the firms in the financial development sector, the transformation ability of the R&D sector to the advanced technology of developed countries, and the intensity of intellectual property protection, which gives the household utility function to a household. After maximizing the utility function, this paper analyzes the economic growth rate and mainly finds that the economic growth rate increases with the increase of technological transformation capacity parameters, two kinds of production efficiency parameters, and the total financing scale of the firms, and in addition it decreases with the increase of the technical level of developing countries relative to developed countries. Then, considering the improvement degree of intermediate goods, R&D efficiency and financial frictional coefficient, the relationship between it and the economic growth rate is obtained. This paper finds that the economic growth rate increases with the increase of the degree of improvement; R&D efficiency parameter; the probability that any R&D project can bring positive returns; technical level; the investment in reducing carbon emissions; the amount of energy invested in the final goods production sector; and it decreases with the increase of the financial frictional coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The recent advancement of digitalization and information and communication technology (ICT) has not only shifted the manufacturing paradigm towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution, namely Industry 4.0, but also provided opportunities for a smart logistics transformation. Despite studies have focused on improving the smartness, connectivity, and autonomy of isolated logistics operations with a primary focus on the forward channels, there is still a lack of a systematic conceptualization to guide the coming paradigm shift of reverse logistics, for instance, how "individualization" and "service innovation" should be interpreted in a smart reverse logistics context? To fill this gap, Reverse logistics 4.0 is defined, from a holistic perspective, in this paper to offer a systematic analysis of the technological impact of Industry 4.0 on reverse logistics. Based on the reported research and case studies from the literature, the conceptual framework of smart reverse logistics transformation is proposed to link Industry 4.0 enablers, smart service and operation transformation, and targeted sustainability goals. A smart reverse logistics architecture is also given to allow a high level of system integration enabled by intelligent devices and smart portals, autonomous robots, and advanced analytical tools, where the value of technological innovations can be exploited to solve various reverse logistics problems. Thus, the contribution of this research lies, through conceptual development, in presenting a clear roadmap and research agenda for the reverse logistics transformation in Industry 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Abstract This article presents an empirical study of the labor process of internet virtual teams. It argues that organizations with a “horizontally virtual and vertically real” structure face a dilemma in the virtual team labor process. While a culture of engineers, which embodies equality, liberty, and cooperation, is the cultural basis of the virtual team, management is bureaucratic, emphasizing individual interests and hierarchical features. The coexistence of the two leads to cooperation and division of labor in virtual teams. Essentially, this is a compromising institutional arrangement adopted by corporations to triangulate technology culture and managerial control to obtain surplus value. Based on the preceding discussion, this paper ends by proposing a new theoretical framework for studying the labor process under the technological conditions of the internet. more...

The article is devoted to the development of methodological tools for tracking the parameters of technological transformation in the production sector of the regional economy. The definition of the concept of monitoring the technological transformation of industry is given, the means, methods, information base and observed parameters of the monitoring process are identified and described. The types of tools for monitoring the technological transformation of industrial enterprises in the region are highlighted. In the article, as part of the justification for monitoring the technological transformation of industry, its purpose, object, subjects, as well as consumers of monitoring results are defined, which include the relevant executive authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation, scientific organizations specializing in conducting scientific research in the field of regional industrial development, and regional industrial enterprises. The general scheme of monitoring of technological transformation in industry is given. Two tools for monitoring the technological transformation of the Omsk Region industry are proposed — the information and analytical system and the expert platform. The tools are based on automating the processing of information about the components of technological transformation using web tools, as well as attracting experts to monitor the transformation processes in the production base of industrial enterprises and analyze unstructured material. The typical difficulties of using tools for monitoring the technological transformation of regional industry are summarized. The results of the analysis of the technological transformation of the regional industry determined by the use of monitoring serve as the basis for the implementation by consumers of the results of monitoring regulatory measures to improve the regulatory and organizational and managerial conditions for the participation of industrial enterprises of the Omsk region in the processes of technological transformation of the production base. more...

China is the world's biggest telecoms equipment exporter. Several telecommunications equipment companies from China dominate the global market, for example, Huawei and ZTE. This study aims to identify factors contributing to China's rapid technological transformation, particularly in the telecommunications equipment industry. In addition, the relationship between the government, SOE, and entrepreneurs is also identified in strengthening the sector. This study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches, data collection through literature study and observation, and data analysis using descriptive data analysis patent analysis, and network analysis. The results show that government technology policy, human resource development and education, foreign technology adoption and adaptation, together with indigenous R & D efforts are essential factors in China's technological transformation process in the telecommunications equipment industry. Due to China’s government's encouragement, SOEs can innovate and encourages the growth of domestic entrepreneurship. Therefore, Indonesia can learn several things from China, including fostering innovation through various strategies such as implementing technology transfer, mentoring with overseas experts, increasing R & D financing support, providing support for industry and researchers in the form of tax incentives or patent subsidies. Furthermore, strengthening collaboration and cooperation with the foreign telecommunications equipment industry with win-win schemes can offer benefits to Indonesia. more...

Copyright of Kadim is the property of Kadim and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

The purpose of the study is to identify patterns of energy-saving development of the petrochemical industry in the context of the introduction of innovations and to predict the energy intensity of the industry based on economic and mathematical modeling. As part of achieving the goal, an analysis of the series of dynamics was carried out and prognostic methods based on variant correlation analysis and regression modeling were applied. At the first stage of the study, the dynamics of energy consumption and costs of innovative activities in the development of petrochemical industries in Russia was assessed; at the second stage, a predictive model of changes in the energy intensity of petrochemical industries was built. As a result of the study, the regularities of the development of petrochemical industries in Russia were revealed (stable reduction in energy consumption, unstable dynamics of unit costs for innovative activities of petrochemical industries); the nature of the influence of technological modernization of production on the level of energy intensity is determined, which is manifested in the difference in sectoral accents of innovative development; regression equations are proposed, reflecting the dependence of the energy intensity of petrochemical industries on the volume of sales of industry products; calculated the predicted values of energy intensity, allowing to develop a set of management measures to support the energy efficient development of industry in Russia. The formulated conclusions and results can serve as a basis for improving the strategic directions of development of the petrochemical industry in Russia, taking into account the prioritization of the implementation of energy-saving innovative solutions. more...

A library is an organization that acts as an intermediary between knowledge and its seeker. It maintains the academic products of society, processes them and makes it available for the individual's use. Today, in the era of ICT, the functioning and role of libraries, has changed because the information is available over the internet, which can be accessed anytime and from anywhere in the world. The application of ICT in libraries has created technological transformation at a high speed during the last two decades. Academic libraries have enlarged and expanded their assistance based on advanced ICTs. Resource discovery is the cross-domain information needs of users who require access to information about relevant resources irrespective of where they are located, how they have been stored. Now the services of libraries are not limited within its four walls, but integrated on a local and global level. Nowadays it is very common to get access to about all scholarly journals, OPAC, grey literature, e-databases, academic journals and various other related academic materials in all the fields of knowledge over the internet. In the present research study researcher used descriptive survey research method which includes presentations of facts, class of events and involves procedure and enumeration of measurements to analyze the impact of resource discovery & technology towards satisfaction level of users in libraries. Researcher used convenience to collect the information from different respondents. Data has been gathered from 100 users of the library from four central Universities of Uttar Pradesh. In present research the Central Universities of Uttar Pradesh includes Aligarh Muslim University, University of Allahabad, Banaras Hindu University and BabaSaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University. In the present research, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test is used to test the hypothesis. It is mostly used when the researcher is interested in comparing a set of values and questions are in the form of 5 point likert scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This article presents an empirical study of the labor process of internet virtual teams. It argues that organizations with a "horizontally virtual and vertically real" structure face a dilemma in the virtual team labor process. While a culture of engineers, which embodies equality, liberty, and cooperation, is the cultural basis of the virtual team, management is bureaucratic, emphasizing individual interests and hierarchical features. The coexistence of the two leads to cooperation and division of labor in virtual teams. Essentially, this is a compromising institutional arrangement adopted by corporations to triangulate technology culture and managerial control to obtain surplus value. Based on the preceding discussion, this paper ends by proposing a new theoretical framework for studying the labor process under the technological conditions of the internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Despite the neo-industrial marathon of most developed countries, Russia, China, India, and other developing countries will determine the trend of the world economy in this century. Exogenous factors influence the development of national economic systems, which are particularly significant in the context of the intensification of globalization processes. This study identifies and analyzes the most important new trends in the world economy and investigates the effect of these key trends for the economy and society. The authors emphasize the importance of fifth-generation networks as a digital breakthrough for the connectivity of devices. The authors then investigate the effect of the development of artificial intelligence as one of the key elements of the new technological revolution. Following this, the factors and preconditions behind the emergence of new trends in the world economy are presented, and these trends' interrelationship and impact on the future of the world economy as part of neo-industrialization are investigated. To this end, a system analysis and economic and statistical methods are used to identify new trends. The identified trends shape the strategy of the economic development of many countries, including Russia, which is highly exposed to external factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article deals with the factors that ensure the sustainability of the reproduction of the British socio-economic model in the long term. Some features of the conceptual role of the UK in the formation of the global world order were studied. The impact of the COVID-19 on the economy of the United Kingdom was shown and the reasons for the deepest decline in production in the history of the country were summarized. The factors of chronic decline in productivity on the British labor market and strategic approaches to solving this problem were presented. Some provisions of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the UK and the European Union are discussed. The concept of sovereign money is analyzed as a possible response of British economic experts to the challenges of modern crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The upsurge of Covid-19 changed lifestyles and hit almost every sector. The tourism sector is one of the most affected sectors due to social distancing, ban on crowding, restrictions to visit public places, and grounded airplanes. The study proposed a shift to e-tourism until the Covid-19 get fully curbed. Therefore, this study aims to focus on the tourist's experiences in Thailand during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study provides insight with the support of literature to help practitioners and researchers to understand, manage, and improve the tourism industry and induce technological transformation to curb the impact of the outbreak. The paper proposes a way to turn Covid-19 into a transformational opportunity. The study used Smart PLS software for analysis and data was collected from the tourist who had intentions to visit Thailand and the ones already in Thailand. The study fills the gap of the call for a transformation of e-tourism and explains the impact of the pandemic on the industry. The study presents the theoretical and practical implications to promote the tourism industry and the transformation of the technology in the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The key resources, necessary for the process of transformation of the corporate innovation system of high-tech enterprises in the framework of the fourth industrial revolution «Industry 4.0» have been investigated. The main objective for enterprises is the creation of unique research centers, search laboratories, small innovative groups, and technology associations. A conclusion has been made, that domestic enterprises in modern conditions need to implement the procedure of analysis of existing business processes, including the life cycle of products and supply chains. more...

Four basic principles, necessary for the enterprises for successful development of space of a corporate innovative system within the fourth industrial revolution «Industry-4», have been highlighted. These include globality, openness, partnership of businessmen and network organization. It has been proved, that the hi-tech enterprises, working in Russia, already today need to create and actively develop space: standard, digital, technological, physical, ideological, organizational, in which various innovative initiatives and projects will be able effectively to work. more...

The upsurge of Covid-19 changed lifestyles and hit almost every sector. The tourism sector is one of the most affected sectors due to social distancing, ban on crowding, restrictions to visit public places, and grounded airplanes. The study proposed a shift to e-tourism until the Covid-19 get fully curbed. Therefore, this study aims to focus on the tourist’s experiences in Thailand during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study provides insight with the support of literature to help practitioners and researchers to understand, manage, and improve the tourism industry and induce technological transformation to curb the impact of the outbreak. The paper proposes a way to turn Covid-19 into a transformational opportunity. The study used Smart PLS software for analysis and data was collected from the tourist who had intentions to visit Thailand and the ones already in Thailand. The study fills the gap of the call for a transformation of e-tourism and explains the impact of the pandemic on the industry. The study presents the theoretical and practical implications to promote the tourism industry and the transformation of the technology in the Covid-19 pandemic. more...

Copyright of Beykoz Akademi Dergisi is the property of Beykoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

A theoretical and methodological study was carried out to determine the need and features of developing a matrix of food industry capacity for making management decisions in the formation of sustainable development of agroecosystems, which will increase the operational efficiency of companies and food security of the country. The paper uses the following research methods: historical – in the process of studying modern views on understanding the importance of the agricultural sector for the economy; system analysis – when building a model of innovative business improvement. Methods of comparison and analysis of trends – the study of trends in the agricultural sector of Ukraine with the identification of important areas for improving their activities. Methods of financial analysis – for the analytical assessment of financial and economic activities of the investigated enterprises; forecasting methods – to substantiate the expected results of implementing the author's proposals in management practice. It is proposed to take into account the significant difference in the technology of their processing and production (number of advanced technologies used per 100 thousand people). The paper reveals the dependence of production technologies in agriculture on natural and weather conditions (share of technological innovation costs, %). Criteria for innovation skills in the development of agricultural engineering were proposed. The criteria were determined, which were divided into development groups. The tools for constructing a matrix of food industry capacity were substantiated. Note that for each indicator, the optimal value was determined taking into account the sensitivity factor and the rating of enterprises, which determined their place in the matrix. In the course of the study and the matrix of innovative development, the proposed technology was tested at leading domestic enterprises [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article deals with the processes of changes in the structure of labor and industrial relations in the era of the digital economy. The new information technology is reshaping labor processes and workers, the employment structure and the professional structure. Technological and managerial transformation of labor and production relations effects society as a whole, causing the emergence of a new social structure, increasing the number of places for managers and skilled specialists, the emergence of a global labor market. Computer-mediated communication is of critical importance in the work process and social relations. New technology trends are favorable to all forms of flexibility and improve the professional structure. A new generation of managers and highly intelligent workers is being formed, and growing educational requirements set innovative tasks for education and introduce new standards of training. more...

This article addresses the topic of technological transformation, which is a challenge for progressing automation and robotization processes. The topic is extremely important in terms of changes in contemporary global reality. On the one hand, changes in production factors, automation and robotization processes, and changes in the labor market give rise to some fears, on the other hand, they can be a chance to build a new socio-economic order based on the pillars of sustainability. This system requires the application of the rules of universal behavior and the recognition of work as value in itself. These rules are an important recommendation and basis for shaping decisions in the sphere of choosing new order and ensuring sustainability, rather than only in consumption. The article synthesizes existing research, which was the basis for further studies and the following hypothesis has been adopted: automation and robotization processes will result in turbulence on the labor market and in the social sphere. The key purpose of this article is demonstrate that currently automation and robotization are not the subject of systemic research in the field of shaping the structural order in the economic and social sphere, to develop a scheme of technological transformation and to indicate the need to build a strategy for automation and robotization by states that will ensure strategic order and security. Today, we need to think what should be done to ensure that automation and robotization, as well as the resulting income, do not push the crowds of society into the sphere of lucky losers. Will the distribution of benefits that automation and robotization give today affect the few or all of us? Will the economy and society based on these processes retain the value of work, and will the profits generated from automation and robotics contribute to prosperity, sustainability and development? Are decision makers ready today to prepare comprehensive solutions? The answer to these questions must be formulated today, because modernity will not pass us by. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Colombia, like other developing countries has been incorporating different electrical vehicles to the automotive national market. While the acquisition of a brand new electric vehicle is still expensive, transformation from used traditional vehicles (combustion) to electrical vehicles has become an interesting economical option. This work presents a performance evaluation of a transformed vehicle from its combustion version. The theoretical and experimental analysis (in rugged geographical reliefs such as Colombia) are necessary to consolidate the validity of this type of proposals at technical, economic and environmental impact levels. The procedure of an electric conversion presented herein showed significant mitigation of greenhouse gases owing to the renunciation of 6,54 L per 100 km and hence avoiding CO emissions: 1,808 g/km and THC + NOx: 0,652 g/km. The procedure included selection of both suitable car (low weight) and electric conversion kit, as well as assembly design, disassembly of combustion system, implementation of electric components. Additionally, experimental tests were performed to determine the behavior with respect to power under some load demands validating the proposed traction model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Much scholarly attention has been given to the potentially disruptive distributional implications of new technologies in labor markets. Less explored is the way citizens as socially embedded individuals perceive and respond to technological transformation. This study fills this gap by exploring how welfare state institutions shape and are shaped by citizens' perceptions of technological transformation. My analysis covering over 50 developed and developing countries finds that welfare state generosity is associated with a greater acceptance of technological change. I also provide evidence consistent with the expectation that labor market interventions of the welfare state have the potential to reduce the skill cleavage over technological transformation by mitigating the insecurity faced by the low-skilled. Additionally, citizens embracing technological transformation are more supportive of the welfare state than techno-skeptics are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

In southern Ethiopia, pastoralism has been possible due to complex ancient indigenous technology for excavating and rehabilitating the ancient tula wells. Despite centuries of operations, recent years have seen fundamental transformations in labour mobilisation and the technology for water harvesting, while hired labour is replacing clan-based labour organisation. Payments for well rehabilitation have changed from cattle to cash, while technological transformations include using plastic buckets (jerrycans) instead of leather buckets (okole), and metal tools and earth moving machines. The combined effects of such transformations will affect the sustainability of the Borana water management system, which remains uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Promoting the transition from traditional fuel vehicles to electric vehicles can significantly reduce carbon emissions and dependence on oil. Government subsidies play a pivotal role in this transition process. However, the extant research mainly quantifies the effects of these subsidies on research and development investments or patents, failing to depict the actual extent of transformation. This study emphasizes the influence of government subsidies on transformation rather than research and development performance, and the contingent conditions under which the subsidies prove effective. To achieve these objectives, this analysis utilizes unbalanced panel data from 128 listed companies in the Chinese auto industry, spanning from 2010 to 2020 with a fixed-effect model. The results show that: (1) government subsidies have a negative impact on the extent of enterprise transformation towards electric vehicles, moreover, (2) this negative effect is mitigated, and even reversed by tightening technical requirements and reducing subsidy intensity. To promote the transformation to electric vehicles, this work suggests that financial support should target the bottlenecked parts of the industrial chain; promote the development of emerging industries from the demand side, and interweave these efforts with market mechanisms. The study also advises policymakers to conduct thorough analyses of the incentive effects of various options, based on the principles of mechanism design theory. [Display omitted] • Government subsidy has a negative impact on the transformation to EV technology. • This work offers a more precise measure for the technical transition of EV firms. • Raising technical requests for EVs can optimize the effect of the subsidy policy. • Reducing subsidy intensity can restrain the opportunistic behavior of corporates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Smallholder production in Russia has been in decline for more than a decade. The likelihood is for continued marginalization. Smallholders confront four obstacles. First, path dependencies, which includes the fact that smallholders' production remains traditional and subsistence oriented. Second, institutions in the form of state policy restrict land and animals. Third, Russia's role in the third food regime means that smallholders are unable to help Russia's emergence as a global food superpower. Fourth, smallholders are being left behind in the ongoing technological revolution led by agroholdings. As technological advancement expands in scope, the gap between large farms and smallholders will widen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...