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Proses berpikir kreatif merupakan kegiatan seseorang ketika melakukan aktivitas berpikir yang menghasilkan suatu kreativitas dalam memecahkan masalah yang tahapannya meliputi mensintesis ide, membangun ide, merencanakan penerapan, dan menerapkan ide. Proses berpikir kreatif setiap individu dalam memecahkan masalah berbeda satu dengan lainnya dan dapat dilihat melalui adversity quotient (AQ) yang dimilikinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan proses berpikir kreatif siswa SMP dengan AQ quitter, camper, dan climber dalam memecahkan masalah numerasi. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini mengambil tiga subjek yaitu siswa dengan katergoti AQ berbeda. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan angket ARP, tes pemecahan masalah numerasi, dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan konsep tanda Pierce. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tahap mensintesis ide subjek camper dan climber melakukan pemisahan informasi penting, pada tahap membangun ide subjek quitter dan climber mengaitkan konsep pengetahuan yang dimiliki, pada tahap merencanakan penerapan subjek camper dan climber membuat rancangan strategi berdasarkan informasi dan konsep pengetahuan yang dimiliki, pada tahap menerapkan ide subjek quitter mengambil keputusan menyerah, subjek camper memilih untuk menggunakan strategi lain yang dianggap lebih mudah, dan subjek climber memilih untuk menggunakan strategi yang telah ia rencanakan meski sulit. Melalui hasil penelitian, guru dapat menaikkan antusias siswa dengan memberikan motivasi khusus pada siswa sesuai dengan kategori AQ.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil berpikir kreatif siswa berkemampuan (1) tinggi, (2) sedang, dan (3) rendah dalam mengajukan masalah matematika. Untuk mengetahui kemampuan matematika siswa, digunakan tes kemampuan matematika (TKM). Untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa, digunakan tes pengajuan masalah (TPM). Hasil TPM 1 dan TPM 2 dianalisis menggunakan indikator berpikir kreatif, yaitu kefasihan, fleksibilitas, dan kebaruan. Kemudian dipilih siswa untuk diwawancara, yang mewakili setiap kemampuan matematika dan setiap tingkatan berpikir kreatif. Hasil TPM 1, TPM 2, dan wawancara dilakukan triangulasi untuk mengecek keabsahan data. Langkah selanjutnya adalah mendeskripsikan profil berpikir kreatif masing-masing subjek. Hasil analisis TKM terdapat 9 siswa yang berkemampuan tinggi, 7 siswa berkemampuan sedang, dan 9 siswa berkemampuan rendah. Hasil analisis TPM terdapat 28% siswa sangat kreatif, 16% kreatif, 48% kurang kreatif dan 8% tidak kreatif. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa profil berpikir kreatif siswa berkemampuan rendah hampir sama dengan siswa berkemampuan tinggi dan sedang, namun siswa berkemampuan rendah mengalami kesulitan memahami ilustrasi dan tugas dalam TPM, sehingga mereka harus membaca ulang.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kegiatan pemberdayaan guru matematika SMP dalam mengembangkan tugas numerasi siswa menggunakan konteks pandemi Covid-19 untuk pembelajaran matematika menggunakan google classroom. Penelitian deskriptif ini melibatkan 18 guru matematika SMP di kabupaten Nganjuk sebagai sasaran. Instrumen penelitian berupa tugas pembuatan soal, tugas mengembangan desain pembelajaran dalam google classroom, angket pemahaman guru tentang numerasi dan angket respon guru setelah pemberdayaan guru. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif dari semua data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kegiatan pemberdayaan guru dapat meningkatkan pemahaman guru dalam numerasi, keterampilan dalam membuat tugas numerasi dan melakukan penilaian.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness and the positive responses given by dyscalculia students and teachers toward a module oriented to Kudus’ local wisdom to improve the mathematical creative thinking ability of dyscalculia students. This research was conducted in Kudus Regency, Central Java, Indonesia with 75 fourth graders from eight different elementary schools as the subject of the study. The model used in the teaching materials development is the Dick & Carey model. The results showed that the local wisdom-oriented module which was developed according to the experts is excellent. In addition, the results of the Pre-test and Post-test showed that there is an increase in the mathematical creative thinking ability of dyscalculia students. Meanwhile, the results of interviews and questionnaires showed that teachers and dyscalculia students give positive responses to the use of modules oriented to Kudus’ local wisdom.

Kemampuan Komunikasi matematis merupakan sarana untuk menyampaikan ide, strategi dan solusi matematika untuk memecahkan masalah matematika baik tertulis maupun lisan. Pemecahan masalah kolaboratif (Collaboraive Problem Solving) adalah kerja sama antara dua individu atau lebih dengan kemampuan dan keterampilan setiap individu untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa melalui pemecahan masalah kolaboratif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu 6 siswa kelas XI SMK yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok dimana setiap kelompok terdiri dari 2 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis dan wawancara. Peneliti akan menyeleksi data awal terkait kemampuan subjek berdasarkan nilai rapor matematika sehingga terpilih 6 siswa. Peneliti menggunakan nilai rata-rata rapor matematika karena melalui nilai rata-rata rapor matematika dapat dilihat prestasi belajar atau kemampuan siswa. Kemudian subjek yang terpilih akan melakukan tes komunikasi matematis tulis dan wawancara. Teknik analisis pada penelitian ini dibedakan atas tiga tahap, yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Skala tingkat kemampuan collaborative problem solving (CPS) dikelompokkan 4 tingkat yaitu tingkat 1 hingga 4 dimana setiap tingkat memiliki kriteria masing-masing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek kelompok 1 dengan tingkat collaborative problem solving berada pada tingkat 2 memiliki kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang tinggi, subjek kelompok 2 dengan tingkat collaborative problem solving berada pada tingkat 1 memiliki kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang sangat rendah, dan kelompok subjek 3 dengan tingkat collaborative problem solving berada pada tingkat 1 memiliki kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang rendah. Kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa dapat ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang tepat seperti pembelajaran kooperatif. Kata Kunci: kemampuan komunikasi matematis, pemecahan masalah kolaboratif (collaborative problem solving).

The purpose of this quantitative research with correlational design is to determine whether there is independent learning with learning motivation in online-based mathematics learning. So, it can support the success of learning process. This study was conducted in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 Academic Year. All seventh-grade students of SMP Santo Yoseph Medan were used as the research population. While the samples of this study were all students of class VII-A who collected 30 people and all students of class VII-B who collected 31 people. In mathematics learning, all students are taught online through the Zoom cloud meeting platform, WhatsApp, and Google Classroom. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. The study instruments is a learning independence questionnaire and student learning motivation questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed based on product moment correlation data. Data analysis of the research results showed sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05 so that there is a significant relationship between learning independence and students' learning motivation in online-based mathematics learning with a value of 0.433 including the category of moderate correlation.

Students are more likely to obtain correct solutions in solving derivative problems. Even though students can complete it correctly, they may not necessarily be able to explain the solution well. Cognition and communication by the students will greatly affect the subsequent learning process. The aim of this study is to describe students’ commognition of routine aspects in understanding derivative tasks for heterogeneous groups of cognitive styles-field dependent and independent. This qualitative study involved six third-semester mathematics education students in the city of Palu, Indonesia. We divided the subjects into two groups with field-independent (FI) and field-dependent (FD) cognitive styles. The first group consisted of two FI students and one FD student, and the second group consisted of two FD students and one FI student. Moreover, the subjects also have relatively the same mathematical ability and feminine gender. Data was collected through task-based observations, focused group discussions, and interviews. We conducted data analysis in 3 stages, namely data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing-verification. The results showed that the subjects were more likely to use routine ritual discourse, namely flexibility on the exemplifying category, by whom the routine is performed on classifying and summarizing categories, applicability on inferring category, and closing conditional on explaining category. The result of ritual routine is a process-oriented routine through individualizing. This result implies that solving the questions is not only oriented towards the correct answers or only being able to answer, but also students need to explain it well.

Pembelajaran matematika di kelas masih banyak yang menekankan pemahaman siswa tanpa melibatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif. maka pembinaan soal soal olimpiade perlu dilakukan oleh lembaga non formal. Salah satunya adalah Klinik Pendidikan MIPA (KPM) yang mengembangkan kelas khusus dan disebut siswa berbakat yang menitik beratkan pembelajaran matematika berupa soal-soal olimpiade yang menuntut siswa untuk berlatih mempergunakan nalarnya untuk berpikir kreatif. Subyek penelitian ini terdiri dari 38 siswa laki-laki dan siswi perempuan kelas 5 berbakat di KPM Cabang Surabaya. Adapun indikator berpikir kreatif yang digunakan adalah indikator kefasihan, indikator fleksibilitas, indikator kebaruan. Instrumen yang dipakai pada penelitian yakni : Tes evaluasi dan wawancara. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada penelitian ini menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney, mendapatkan hasil bahwa Z hit= 6,375 > Z tabel= 1,96. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak atau Terima H1. Kesimpulannya kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa laki-laki berbeda dengan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswi perempuan. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa laki-laki dan perempuan dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika terkait soal matematika olimpiade memperlihatkan bahwasannya siswa laki laki lebih banyak yang menyelesaikan dengan cara penyelesaian sama dengan yang dibuat pertama. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa perempuan dalam menyelesaikan soal olimpiade rata rata sudah mampu menyelesaikan penyelesaian lebih dari satu cara. Untuk indikator kebaruan siswi perempuan sudah mampu menjawab jawaban lebih dari satu dan beragam. Tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa perempuan lebih tinggi hal ini terlihat dari persentase 53,85% siswa perempuan pada tingkat berpikir kreatif. Sedangkan siswa laki-laki sebesar 16,67 % tingkat berpikir kreatif. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, bahwasnnya memperlihatkan baik siswa perempuan maupun siswa laki-laki sama-sama menunjukkan bahwa sudah memiliki tingkat kemampuan berpikir kreatif yaitu sangat kreatif , kreatif dan kurang kreatif.

Komunikasi merupakan hal penting dalam pembelajaran. Salah satu cara untuk mengembangkan komunikasi matematika siswa yaitu melalui pengajuan masalah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kemampuan komunikasi matematika tulis siswa dalam mengajukan masalah matematika konteks pandemi Covid-19. Konteks Covid-19 dalam penelitian ini diaplikasikan dalam soal yang digunakan untuk tes pengajuan masalah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan dua subjek yang terpilih yaitu bisa mengajukan masalah dan menyelesikan masalah, bisa mengajukan masalah dan tidak bisa menyelesaikan masalah. Subjek mengerjakan Tes Pengajuan Masalah, kemudian hasil dianalisis berdasarkan indikator komunikasi matematika tulis siswa dalam mengajukan masalah matematika yaitu keakuratan, kelengkapan, dan kelancaran. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa siswa yang bisa mengajukan dan meyelesaikan masalah memenuhi indikator keakuratan, kelengkapan, dan kelancaran karena siswa mampu menuliskan hal yang relevan dengan masalah, menuliskan informasi yang diperoleh secara lengkap, menuliskan langkah-langkah dan hasil dengan tepat, menyebutkan rumus dengan tepat serta tepat waktu dalam mengerjakan. Siswa yang bisa mengajukan dan tidak bisa menyelesaikan masalah memenuhi indikator kelancaran, tetapi tidak akurat dan tidak lengkap karena siswa mampu menuliskan hal yang relevan dengan masalah, tidak dapat menuliskan informasi yang diperoleh, menuliskan langkah-langkah perhitungan, tetapi hasil tidak tepat, tidak mampu menyebutkan rumus dengan tepat, tepat waktu dalam mengerjakan. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah guru mampu menemukan metode yang efektif untuk melatih kemampuan komunikasi tulis siswa. Kata Kunci: komunikasi matematika tulis, pengajuan masalah, pandemic covid-19

This research aims to describe secondary-level students' thinking processes in terms of their attitude toward mathematics in constructing proof by mathematical induction. This qualitative research involved two students who were selected from 30 students of second grade of senior high school that categorized into two groups, namely the students who have a positive and negative attitude toward mathematics by using Attitude Toward Mathematics Inventory (ATMI) questionnaire. One student from each category was selected to be given a proving test and interviewed. Students’ process of proving test and interview recording were collected and analyzed to identify their thinking process. This research points out that both students who have positive and negative attitudes towards mathematics can recall the information in their memory regarding the characteristics and steps to prove using mathematical induction. However, the student who has negative attitudes towards mathematics tends to experience some difficulties in processing information, especially in the induction step, caused by panic, depression, and insecurity. The student who has a positive attitude towards mathematics also experiences some difficulties in the proving process, namely understanding what to prove and compiling the induction steps. However, she keeps trying and believes that she would be able to solve it. Hence, she can solve the proof completely.

Everyone’s perspective is different. Likewise, the student’s perspective on mathematics. It is undeniable that most childran claim that mathematics is difficult. Behind the statement, of course, there is a reason for the child. This is related to student responses when studying in mathematics class. One alternative to knowing student responses can be found by conducting research. Therefore, qualitative research is needed to analyze student responses. The application of learning using creatibe module comics based on a realistic mathematics approach has been implemented for all students of class VII-B at SMP Santo Yoseph Medan in the 2020/2021 Academic Year. In this study students’ responses to the application of learning were analyzed specifically for integer operation material. The learning is carried out online based on the creative realistic mathematics video comic module in the Google Classroom. The instrument used was a student response questionare which was presented via google form. Based on the results of data collection that has been done, it is concluded that the student’s responses are positive to learning using the creative module comic based on realistice mathematics approach. It is based on obtaining a high score on the average percentage of interest and benefits that students derive from implementation.

Pentingnya mengajarkan pemecahan masalah matematika kepada siswa dan ketersediaan soal kategori masalah yang terbatas mengakibatkan perlunya penguasaan kemampuan membuat masalah matematika oleh guru. Membuat masalah matematika yang benar-benar baru bukanlah sesuatu yang mudah untuk dilakukan. Namun, dengan mengubah masalah matematika yang sudah ada menjadi soal baru akan mempermudah pembuatan soal baru tersebut. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk melatih guru matematika SMP di Kab. Ponorogo dalam membuat masalah matematika baru dengan mendaur ulang masalah lama. Sehingga, guru matematika SMP di Kabupaten Ponorogo dapat memfasilitasi siswanya untuk belajar pemecahan masalah matematika. Pelatihan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yang dilakukan secara tatap muka (tahap 1) dan daring (tahap 2). Tahap (1) yaitu pemaparan materi dan workshop dan tahap (2) meliputi penugasan dan evaluasi. Oleh peserta pelatihan, pelatihan dinilai bermanfaat dan menambah pengetahuan guru mengenai pembuatan soal. Selain itu, pelatihan ini berhasil meningkatkan variasi masalah matematika yang dibuat peserta.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang pemahaman literasi statistika mahasiswa semester IV Universitas Palangkaraya pada konteks covid-19 dengan Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Penjelasan tersebut didasarkan dengan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dengan cara pemberian masalah literasi statistika yang didiskusikan secara berkelompok dan wawancara. Empat mahasiswa yang dipilih dari 38 mahasiswa sebagai subjek penelitian merupakan 2 kelompok yang mempunyai anggota dengan kemampuan matematika yang berbeda. Kelompok I terdiri dari subjek berkemampuan tinggi dan sedang, sedangkan kelompok II terdiri dari subjek berkemampuan sedang dan rendah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman literasi statistika keempat subjek berkemampuan tinggi, sedang, maupun rendah belum mampu untuk mencapai indikator menentukan klaim peneliti, dan merumuskan H0 dan H1 secara tepat.

Berpikir kritis dan collaborative merupakan kemampuan yang penting di abad ke-21. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam aktivitas collaborative problem solving. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif bersifat eksploratif. Subjek terdiri dari 2 kelompok siswa kelas IX SMP dengan satu kelompok terdiri dari dua siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu tes berpikir kritis dalam collaborative problem solving dan wawancara. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi data berdasarkan indikator berpikir kritis dalam collaborative problem solving. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam aktivitas collaborative problem solving terkait geometri terbagi menjadi kategori rendah dan tinggi. Pada kategori rendah tidak dapat melalukan proses collaborative problem solving dengan baik sehingga tidak mampu melalui tahapan interpretasi, analisis, evaluasi, dan inferensi dengan benar. Sedangkan pada kategori tinggi dapat melalukan proses collaborative problem solving dengan baik sehinggga dapat melalui semua tahapan interpretasi, analisis, evaluasi, dan inferensi dengan cukup baik. Keterampilan sosial terutama komunikasi yang digunakan dalam collaborative problem solving berjalan lancar. Selain itu terjadi proses saling memberikan ide dalam memecahkan masalah tersebut dan bekerja sama dalam menemukan solusi yang tepat dan logis.

This study aims to improve students' conceptual understanding and problem solving through the application of problem posing learning based on the hot potatoes application based on the problems of the fifth semester students of SDK Maria Fatima Bangkalan. This study uses a quantitative approach. Quantitative research is carried out by describing the data in the form of numbers, namely to determine whether there are any consequences of problem posing learning based on the hot potatoes application on concept understanding and problem solving. The subjects of this study were fifth grade students of Maria Fatima Catholic Elementary School, Bangkalan, Academic Year 2019 - 2020 with flat-building material. The results showed: (1) The effect of problem posing learning based on the hot potatoes application on students' understanding of mathematical concepts was higher with an average value of 85.83 than the control class. (2) The effect of problem posing learning based on hot potatoes application on problem solving has a higher average value than the control class, namely 88.68. (3) The effect of problem posing learning based on hot potatoes application can improve concept understanding and problem solving. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that problem posing learning based on hot potatoes application can improve the conceptual understanding and problem solving of elementary school students, but still requires adjustment to the situation and conditions at school

Pengajuan masalah merupakan salah satu cara untuk memberikan stimulus berpikir kreatif siswa dan mengetahui pemahaman siswa. Penelitian ini melaporkan studi kualitatif yang dimaksudkan untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas pengajuan masalah matematika siswa ber-IQ superior. Studi ini melibatkan dua siswa kelas akselerasi SMP; dua siswa itu diambil dari dua sekolah yang berbeda yaitu SMPN 3 Sidoarjo dan Amanatul Ummah. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini mengunakan tugas yang harus diselesaikan oleh siswa (TPMM) dan panduan wawancara berdasarkan hasil jawaban tertulis subjek. Pengajuan masalah dilakukan siswa yang ber-IQ superior karena IQ diatas rata-rata merupakan salah satu faktor penunjang kreativitas. Dengan adanya penelitian ini dapat mengetahui kualitas pengajuan masalah siswa ber-IQ superior. Untuk menguji kredibilitas data, peneliti melakukan triangulasi metode; yaitu peneliti melakukan wawancara untuk mengecek kebenaran dari data TPMM. Lalu peneliti melakukan survei untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan akurasi tanngapan siswa. Kemudian data yang valid dianalisis untuk memperoleh kesimpulan yang berupa kualitas pengajuan masalah matematika siswa ber-IQ superior. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pengajuan masalah matematika pada siswa akselerasi tergolong dalam kategori sangat tinggi

The purpose of this study was to describe the results of the development of problem solving-based mathematics learning tools to train the creativity of students on estimating the amount and difference of two fractions in grade IV SD Khadijah. The development of learning tools in this study uses the Thiagarajan 4D model which is modified into 3D, namely the define stage, the design stage, the development stage. Learning tools developed include RPP, LKPD, and TKPD. The instruments used were the learning device validation sheet, the teacher and student activity observation sheet, the student's creativity test, and the learning outcome assessment. After the data were analyzed descriptively, the results of the study were as follows: the average value of the RPP was 3.79, the validity value of the LKPD was 3.50, and the results of the TKPD validation could be used with minor revisions. So that the learning device is said to be valid. The teacher's activities in implementing problem-solving learning have been good because all the learning steps in the lesson plan have been carried out. The activities of students while participating in learning at meeting 1 and meeting 2 have increased. With an increase in the activity of students it means that students are active in participating in problem solving-based mathematics learning. The students' creativity test was given two tests, namely before and after problem-solving based learning. The results of the creativity tests of students before and after problem solving based learning were 37.8% and 57.9%. Thus, the creativity of students has increased significantly after using problem-solving based learning tools.

The ability to think critically is an important ability that elementary school students must have. The ability to think critically helps students make the right decisions about what to believe and what actions to take in the present or in the future. The ability to think critically can be developed by an open-ended approach to learning mathematics. The open-ended approach uses open-ended problems that have more than one correct answer and various ways of solving. Open-ended problem is expected to motivate students to find solutions independently so that in the process students' critical thinking ability will increase. This study aims to describe the process of developing mathematics learning tools using an open-ended approach for fourth-grade elementary school students to improve critical thinking ability. The learning tools development model consists of 3 phases, namely preliminary research (needs and context analysis, review of literature, development of a conceptual or theoretical framework for the study), prototyping phase (syllabus design, lesson plans, worksheets and expert validation) and assessment phase (limited trials). The trial in this study used a one-group pretest-posttest design with the research subjects of 19 fourth-grade students at Kedungdoro I/306 elementary school. The data collection technique used a device validation sheet, an observation sheet for the implementation of lesson plans and student activities, a student response questionnaire and a critical thinking ability test. The data obtained were analyzed using the average score which was converted according to the defined categories. The results show that the learning tools developed are valid based on the assessment of the two validators, practical based on the implementation of the lesson plan and student activities in the "very good" category, and effective based on the responses of students who are in the "strong" category and student's critical thinking ability that significantly increased with medium category based on paired sample t-test and N-Gain analysis.

This study aims to describe the process of developing and assessing the quality of mathematical creative thinking instruments for elementary school students assisted by Google Form. The method used is a 4-D model development research carried out through four stages, namely defining, designing, developing, and distributing. The subjects in this research were students of 6th grade Ketintang I /409 elementary school Surabaya, consisting of four classes (VI A, B, C, and D) of 115 students. Data collection is done through expert validation, teacher questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and assessment of students' creative thinking. The results of the research are the process of developing an instrument for evaluating the mathematical creative thinking of elementary school students assisted by Google Form carried out with a 4-D model consisting of 4 stages: the defining stage (initialfinal analysis, students, assignments, concepts, and formulation of learning objectives), the design stage (preparation of the evaluation grid and assessment criteria as well as the initial design of the assessment instruments), the development stage (expert validation and development trials), and the deployment stage. The quality of the product development of the development of an assessment instrument for mathematical creative thinking of elementary school students assisted by Google Form is valid with an average result of instrument format validation 85, content validation 100 and language validation 95. Very efficient (very practical) with an average efficiency result of 3.6 of maximal 4. Effective because the product produced can measure students' creative thinking abilities. Based on the analysis of creative thinking, the results of the assessment of creative thinking carried out can be used to measure the level of students' creative thinking abilities.

This study aims to describe the adaptive reasoning of students in solving beam mathematical problems with high, medium, and low mathematical solving abilities. The research location is at Siti Aminah Surabaya elementary school, with 24 students in grades VI-A and will take 3 students as research subjects. This study uses qualitative research, by conducting several stages, namely, preparation, implementation, and analysis. Data analysis techniques used observation methods, tests of ability to solve mathematical problems (TPMM), and interviews. The results showed students with high mathematical abilities students were able to collect data then identify the components of the building blocks, be able to provide evidence and explanations and verify what he had obtained. Students with mathematical abilities while students are able to understand the problem by reading repeatedly to be able to explain and verify their findings. Students with low mathematical abilities are able to understand after doing trial and error, understanding from many data sources. From the experience and data sources obtained by students, they are only able to understand the problems, construct and connect with objects around them, gather information, so they can provide an explanation of the concept and verify it.

Peneliti mengambil riset ini untuk mencari tahu tentang pengaruh penerapan pembelajaran model problembased learning pada kemampuan metakognitif dan pemecahan masalah dalam belajar, khususnya matapelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode eksperimen bentuktrue experiment. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling purposive. Untuk menguji hipotesisyang dipaparkan pada awal penelitian, teknik pengolahan data untuk riset ini menerapkan uji-t. Dariruntutan aktivitas penelitian dan pengolahan data tersebut, diketahui bahwa hasil akhir nilai koefisien𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒏𝒈 > 𝒕𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒆𝒍. Sehingga berpedoman dari hasil data yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa modelproblem based learning berpengaruh pada kemampuan metakognitif. Hasil analisis data lainnya daripemecahan masalah dalam menyelesaikan persoalan matematika, diketahui hasil akhir nilai koefisien𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒖𝒕𝒏𝒈 > 𝒕𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒆𝒍. Dari hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan lagi bahwa model problem based learning jugaberpengaruh terhadap pemecahan masalah dalam menyelesaikan persoalan matematika.Kata Kunci: pembelajaran problem based learning, kemampuan metakognitif, pemecahan masalahmatemaika.

Refractive thinking is a person's mental activity in making a decision in solving a problem which is throughreflective and critical thinking. Differences in cognitive style in a person affects the differences in refractivethought processes. This is expected to be a liaison for educators to train students by providing variedproblems both using pictures and words. This qualitative research aims to describe the stages of refractivethinking of visualizer students and junior verbalizers in solving geometry problems. The method of collectingdata through written tests and interviews. Written tests were given to 57 students of 8th grade students ofstate junior high schools in Jombang. The research subjects consisted of one student with cognitive stylevisualizer and one student with verbalizer cognitive style with each subject having high mathematical ability.The results showed that at the identified of problem stage, visualizer students recognized and identified someof the information contained in the problems tended to be faster than verbalizer students. At the strategicstage, visualizer students used image information to found alternative solutions, while verbalizer studentsused formulas that have been obtained before. This showed that both the visualizer student and the verbalizerstudent have shown indications of refractive thinking. At the evaluation stage, the student visualizer andverbalizer explained the method used based on logical and appropriate arguments but in the different way

The problem posing ability is making new questions and answers from previous information. Post-solution is modifing a condition of problem solved to submit a new problem. Learning styles in this research is in the form of visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. This descriptive research examines the ability of students to post problem solutions based on differences in learning style involving 10 visual’s students, 12 auditory’s students, 9 kinesthetic’s students. Analysis of data in this research is the data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Test material of the test is cubes. The results of the study show that ability problems of student with visual learning styles in the form of problems that can be solved is shown clear information, changing, varying, restating, and grouping in accordance with information about previous questions, direct and indirect answers are arranged in detail, language structure questions in the form of assignment and conditional propositions are shown clear commands, difficulty of easy and moderate difficulty levels in question answer. The ability to submit students’ problems in auditory learning styles in the form of problems that can be solved is shown clear information, changing, varying, and restating in accordance with information about previous questions, direct and indirect answers according to the systematic, assignment and conditional propositions according clear problem commands, easy and moderate difficulty levels on question answer. The ability to propose problems of kinesthetic learning styles of students in the form of questions can be solved by manipulating the conditions of the problem, changing, varying, and restarting by manipulating the previous problem, direct and indirect answers according to clear command, assignment and conditional propositions by manipulating the command of the questions , difficulties are easy and moderate arranged in detail.

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menghasilkan multimedia lectora inspire yang valid, praktis, dan efektif pada materi bangun ruang di kelas V sekolah dasar, (2) mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita bangun ruang kelas V dengan menggunakan multimedia lectora inspire. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas lima SDN Wonokusumo VI/45 Surabaya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan model DDDE yaitu decide, design, develop, dan evaluate. Multimedia lectora inspire telah melalui uji validasi dari aspek media mencapai persentase 82.50%. dengan kategori baik dan dari aspek materi mencapai persentase 80.64% dengan kategori baik. Media juga telah melalui uji kepraktisan yang mencapai kategori baik. Sedangkan berdasarkan tes berpikir kritis menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas pembelajaran multimedia efektif dalam meningkatkan berpikir kritis siswa. Hal ini didasarkan pada hasil implementasi bidang tes yang mengalami kemajuan sebesar 85% dan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 88.89% yang berarti pengaruh signifikan terhadap berpikir kritis pada pembelajaran siswa menggunakan multimedia lectora inspire.

Understanding is constructed or reconstructed by students actively. APOS theory (action, process, object, schema) is a theory that states that individuals construct or reconstruct a concept through four stages, namely: action, process, object, and scheme. APOS theory can be used to analyze understanding of a mathematical concept. This research is a qualitative research which aims to describe impulsive and reflective students’ understanding to linear equations system based on APOS theory. Data collection techniques were carried out by giving Matching Familiar Figure Test (MFFT) and concept understanding tests to 32 students of 8th grade in junior high school, then selected one subject with impulsive cognitive style and one subject with reflective cognitive style that can determine solutions set and solve story questions of linear equation system of two variables correctly, then the subjects were interviewed. The results show that there were differences between impulsive and reflective subjects at the stage of action in explaining the definition and giving non-examples of linear equation system of two variables, show the differences in initial scheme of two subjects. At the process stage, impulsive and reflective subjects determine solutions set of linear equation system of two variables. At the object stage, impulsive and reflective subjects determine characteristics of linear equation system of two variables. At the schema stage, impulsive and reflective subjects solve story questions of of linear equation system of two variables, show the final schematic similarity of two subjects.Keywords: understanding, APOS theory, linear equations system of two variables, impulsive cognitive style, reflective cognitive style.

Adaptive reasoning is a component of basic mathematical skills that needs to be developed for students so that they can use mathematical procedures effectively. This research is a qualitative research that aims to describe the adaptive reasoning profile of secondary students in the Social Sciences department in solving mathematical problems. Research subjects were three students that solving mathematical problems correctly, solving mathematical problems less correctly, and solving mathematical problems incorrectly. The method used to collect data was to provide mathematical problem-solving tests and interviews. Data were analyzed based on students' adaptive reasoning activities in their activities to solve mathematical problems seen from three main aspects of adaptive reasoning, namely reflecting, explaining, and justifying. The results show that student who solved mathematical problems correctly indicated adaptive reasoning abilities in every aspect; student who solved mathematical problems less incorrectly demonstrated adaptive reasoning abilities that almost met all indicator aspects, and student who solved mathematical problems incorrectly did not demonstrate adaptive reasoning abilities in every aspect. Keywords: adaptive reasoning, problem solving, social secondary students.

Penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum ada media pembelajaran yang digunakan pada kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah khususnya materi pecahan, sumber belajar hanya menggunakan buku guru dan buku siswa, pembelajaran hanya menggunakan metode ceramah sehingga terkesan masih bersifat konvensional, guru hanya memfokuskan pada hasil belajar tanpa memperhatikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan media cerita bergambar yang layak dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa setelah diterapkan pembelajaran menggunakan media cerita bergambar pada materi pecahan kelas II SD. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan berdasarkan tahapan-tahapan model ADDIE meliputi analyze, design, develop, implement, dan evaluate. Subjek penelitian pada tahap uji coba terdiri atas 20 siswa dan tahap implementasi terdiri atas 27 siswa di SDN Lontar II Surabaya tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Penelitian ini menghasilkan media cerita bergambar yang layak yaitu memenuhi kriteria kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada tahap uji coba mengalami kemajuan sebesar 80% dan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 85%, sedangkan pada tahap implementasi kemampuan berpikir kreatif mengalami kemajuan sebesar 85% dan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 88,89%. Dengan demikian, media cerita bergambar ini dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran untuk melatih kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa pada materi pecahan.

Creative thinking is an activity mental that connects one ide to another idea to find various solutions or new ideas in solving problems. The product of creative thinking is creativity. Mathematics anxiety is a condition experienced by students in the form of feelings of fear and anxiety when faced with mathematical problems. There is a strong negative correlation between creative thinking and mathematics anxiety. This research aims to describe the profile of students’ creativity in solving problems based on mathematics anxiety. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data analysis in this research consisted of reducing questionnaire and test result data, data display, and conclusion drawing. The topic used for the test is a number pattern. The subjects of this research consisted of one student with the highest level of creative thinking ability at each level of mathematics anxiety. The results showed that there were differences in creativity between students with high and low mathematics anxiety. Students with high mathematics anxiety can only show fluency, while students with low mathematics anxiety can show the all components of creativity consisted of fluency, novelty, and flexibility.

The development of reflective thinking has been a highlight and important in the education of prospective mathematics teachers. It provides them with the opportunities to take a conscious and logical decision on the complex problems they faced. The quality of the problem solving and reflective thinking will differ between one student and another due to their characteristics. This study presents a description of reflective thinking skills of prospective teachers in solving mathematical problems based on the difference in cognitive style. The instruments used in this study consist of (1) GEFT cognitive-style test, (2) a mathematical problem solving task which is a non-routine and open-ended (3) the interview guidelines based on the reflective thinking component. By choosing analysis of qualitative approaches, the data of interviews that are in the form of interview's transcript based on mathematical problem solving results are gathered from two students of prospective mathematics teachers as research participants. One prospective teacher use cognitive field independent style (PTFI) and field dependent style (PTFD). Research findings show that PTFD tends to use the experience to be implemented in mathematical problem solving but PTFD cannot utilize the new information contained, so that PTFD has a reflective-dynamic characteristic. While PTFI tends to use the experience to utilize the new information contained in the problem in order to construct the problem solving strategy so that PTFI has reflective-generative characteristic. It is indicated that there are differences in the characteristics of reflective thinking process among prospective teachers based on difference of cognitive style.

Tujuan dari penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kompetensi strategis siswa dengan kecemasan matematika tinggi dan rendah dalam menyelesaikan persoalan program linier. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah satu siswa dengan kecemasan matematika rendah (S1) dan satu siswa dengan kecemasan matematika tinggi (S2). Instrumen utama adalah peneliti sendiri, didukung oleh instrumen tes dan pedoman wawancara. Data hasil tes dan wawancara dianalisis menggunakan langkah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, Kedua subjek memformulasikan soal dengan menuliskan informasi – informasi penting dan mengaitkan informasi-informasi dengan pengetahuan sebelumnya. Kedua subjek merepresentasikan persoalan dengan menggunakan kata-kata dalam memformulasikan soal. S1 merepresentasikan persoalan menggunakan model matematika, persamaan, grafik, dan kata-kata dalam menyelesaikan persoalan sedangkan S2 merepresentasikan persoalan menggunakan model matematika, persamaan, grafik, dan kata-kata dalam menyelesaikan persoalan. Kedua subjek menyelesaikan soal dengan merencanakan penyelesaian dan melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian. S1 dapat menentukan dan memilih solusi yang benar dari persoalan. Sedangkan S2 mengalami kesulitan dalam memodelkan soal sehingga subjek memodelkan soal dengan cara menerka meskipun subjek salah dalam memodelkan soal. Akhirnya, langkah pengerjaan selanjutnya juga salah dan S2 tidak menemukan solusi yang benar.

This literature study research examined relevant theories about KMK and problem solving to discuss how KMK could help people when trying to solve problems, especially mathematical problems. Methods of data collection through literature study. The data obtained was compiled, analyzed in depth and concluded. The results showed that KMK played a role in maintaining and retrieving information in LTM. KMK could impact on successful problem solving namely supporting more effective problem solving by activating the retrieval and using of relevant information to the domain. KMK helped narrow the search space for appropriate solutions and could help problem solvers focused on problems and experiences that were lacking in the interruption of irrelevant information. KMK resources contributed to the development of domain related knowledge

This study aims to describe the strategic competence of students in solving story problems in Congruence. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method with 15 students in class IX-A as the subject. The subject selection test used is a personality test of students who have a melancholic type which is adapted directly from the instrument that has been compiled by Florence Littauer. From the sampling of melancholic type students, strategic competencies will be analyzed in solving math problems on the similarity material. The results of personality tests for students in grades IX-A are 2 students who are melancholic type, 4 students are choleric type, 4 students are phlegmatic type, 5 students are sanguinis type. Two students, namely 2 males with a melancholic personality type, were selected as research subjects for a strategic competency test and continued with interviews based on strategic competency indicators. The results of data analysis showed that 2 students met the indicators of strategic competence in solving mathematical problems in the Comparison material. Melancholy type students fulfill strategic competence indicators, namely understanding the situation and conditions of a problem, finding key words and ignoring irrelevant things from a problem, presenting problems mathematically in various forms, choosing the appropriate presentation. to help solve problems, choose an effective solution method in solving a problem and find a solution to the given problem. These findings indicate the need for further research on learning styles.

This study aims to develop and obtain valid, practical, and effective realistic mathematics learning tools. The learning tools developed are in the form of lesson plans (RPP), student activity sheets (LKPD), and critical thinking skills tests. The learning device development model used in this study is the four-D from Thiagarajan covering four stages, namely Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. However, in this study it was not carried out until implementation so that the result was a final prototype of a learning device that was ready to be implemented. The subjects in this study were 20 fifth grade students at SDN Menur Pumpungan, Surabaya. The results showed that the learning tools developed had high validity, practicality, and effectiveness values. This can be seen from the opinion of the validator, the teacher's response, the student's response, and the results of the field test. Based on the results of field trials, a realistic learning approach can improve students' critical thinking skills better. From these results, it is suggested that learning mathematics in elementary schools uses a realistic mathematics learning approach

The purpose of this research is to developing instructional which is qualified in which the validity, practicality, and effectiveness through the instructional material on the problem posing special quality local in order to increase creativity and progres on the shape material of the five grade student of Elementary school Palang. This is done because the developed instructional material on the problem posing bassed special quality local to increase creativity and progres on the shape material of the grade five student of elementery school no yet available. This research is done due to the fact that the teachers are still dominant in learning process (teacher centric) even though creativity and knowledge must be owned by the students in the century 21. The development of this research uses 4-D model of Thiagarajan with plan of experiment research one group pretest-postest design. The subject of this research is develop instructional in the field and implemented of the trial class involving student SDN karangagung, and the data analyzed by descriptive qualitative and quantitative method. The research result is that the develop instructional material of the problem posing bassed quality special which is qualified with both categories (good level), and the ability of the teachers to manage learning are getting both categories (good level) too. The result of the this reserach is that on field trial progres there is change of creativity of the student which is shown the level >75 exceeded for each component of the question in the questionnaire, test creativity and progres to classical learning completeness shown the level >75. The congclution of this research is the developed instructional material on the problem posing bassed special quality local which is qualified the validity, practicality, and effectiveness, so this research can to use to increase creativity and progres shape material of the five grade student of Elementary school SDN Palang. Keywords : Development of Instructional Aterial Problem Posing, Bassed Spesial Quality Local, Shape Material, Creativity, and Progres. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangakan perangkat pembelajaran yang memiliki kreteria valid, praktis, dan efektif melalui pembelajaran pengajuan masalah berbasis keunggulan lokal untuk meningkatkan kreativitas dan hasil belajar bangun datar kelas V SDN Palang. Hal ini dilakukan karena perangkat pembelajaran pengajuan masalah berbasis keunggulan lokal untuk meningkatkan kreativitas dan hasil belajar bangun datar kelas V SDN Palang belum tersedia. Pembelajaran di sekolah lebih menekankan pengetahuan dan berpusat pada guru, padahal kreativitas dan pengetahuan harus dimiliki oleh siswa pada abad 21. Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran mengikuti rancangan 4-D model dengan rancangan uji coba penelitian one group pretest-postest design. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah perangkat pembelajaran yang diuji cobakan pada siswa SDN Karangagung dan di implementasikan pada siswa SDN Palang. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat valid dengan kategori baik, kemampuan guru dalam mengelolah pembelajaran mendapatkan kategori baik , persentase aktivitas siswa yang dikonversi mendapatkan minimal baik . Respon siswa ≥ 75% positif pada setiap komponen pertanyaan pada angket . Tes kreativitas dan hasil belajar menunjukkan ketuntasan klasikal ≥75. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran pengajuan masalah berbasis keunggulan lokal dikatakan valid, praktis dan efektif sehingga layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas dan hasil belajar bangun datar kelas V SDN Palang . Kata Kunci: Pengajuhan Masalah, Keunggulan Lokal, Bangun Datar, Kreativitas, dan Hasil Belajar.

This article describes the beliefs, knowledge, and practice about mathematical problem solving of two teachers whose mathematics-related beliefs are aligned mostly with instrumentalist view, the most traditional philosophical views on mathematics-related beliefs. Data were obtained from a set of task-based interviews and lesson observation of such two teachers selected through a belief-related interview of twelve secondary mathematics teachers in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. Study findings suggest that there is consistency between the teachers' beliefs, knowledge, and their teaching practice. The consistency was seemed on their insufficient knowledge about mathematical problem solving comprising content and pedagogical knowledge, which did not support their teaching practice. Also, we found that their instrumentalist beliefs drove the ways in which they structured class discussion during their practice. Despite both the teachers espoused their beliefs in different ways regarding the extend to which associate factors such as immediate classroom situation, teacher education program, and social teaching norms influenced their beliefs, they performed similar ways in their teaching practice, which was directive particularly when guiding their students in early stages of solving mathematical problems, i.e. understanding problem and devising plan.

[English]: The purpose of this qualitative exploratory study was to analyze students’ gestures in understanding algebraic expression. It involved 59 7th-grade students in Semarang city, Indonesia. Students’ gestures were identified through interviews and observations, then analyzed in three stages: data condensation, data display, and drawing and verifying conclusion. Time triangulation was utilized to assure data validity. The results showed that students employed: (1) direct gestures as a representation of coefficients and variables in the form of hand movements forming the shape of objects that they recognize in the everyday environment, (2) indirect gestures as a representation of coefficients and variables in the form of hand movements as if forming the shape of objects that they recognize in the daily environment then followed by consistent and repetitive hand movements as a representation of the coefficients, (3) direct gesture representing constants in the form of hand movements forming a specific number, and (4) writing gestures and pointing gestures to strengthen the explanation given. The present study concludes that the gestures made by the students in understanding the concepts of algebraic expression consist of representation, pointing, and writing. This study yields an important description of students' gestures and types of gestures about the algebraic concept, which provide a further understanding of the topic. Keywords: Gesture, Conceptual understanding, Algebra [Bahasa]: Penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gestur siswa dalam memahami bentuk aljabar. Penelitian melibatkan 59 siswa di salah satu SMP di Semarang. Data gestur siswa diidentifikasi melalui observasi dan wawancara kemudian dianalisis melalui tahapan kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan dan verifikasi simpulan. Verifikasi keabsahan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik triangulasi waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa menggunakan (1) gestur langsung sebagai perwujudan pemahaman konsep koefisien dan variabel dalam bentuk gerakan tangan yang membentuk objek yang dikenali dalam lingkungan sehari-hari, (2) gestur tidak langsung sebagai representasi koefisien dan variabel dalam bentuk gerakan tangan seolah-olah membentuk objek yang dikenali dalam lingkungan sehari-hari kemudian diikuti oleh gerakan tangan yang konsisten dan berulang sebagai representasi koefisien, (3) gestur langsung yang menjadi representasi konstanta melalui gerakan tangan membentuk angka tertentu, dan (4) gestur menulis dan menunjuk untuk memperkuat penjelasan yang diberikan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa gestur yang dibentuk siswa dalam memahami konsep bentuk aljabar terdiri dari gestur representasi (gestur representasi langsung dan tidak langsung), gestur menunjuk, dan gestur menulis. Penelitian ini menghasilkan deskripsi penting tentang gestur dan jenis gestur siswa tentang konsep aljabar yang memberikan pemahaman lebih lanjut tentang topik tersebut. Kata kunci: Gestur, Pemahaman konsep, Aljabar

Reversibility is a mental process to construct two-way correlation from an initial condition to the result, and from result reverse to initial state. The concept of reversibility is a key aspect of the development of mathematics which is often problema for student. Reversible thinking is the primary requirement to solve mathematical problems. The importance of reversibility is one of the reasons in this study. The aimed of this study was to identify student’s reversibility in solving algebaic problems. The subject consisted of 32 junior high school student’s, especially at the eight grade. In this qualitative study, data were collected by a reversibility task and interview. The reversibility task contained simple equation. The result of this study indicate that reversibility aspect of solving algebaic problem can identified were reciprocity and negation, in this case reciprocity was more prominent. This could be seen from 32 junior high school students were able to make equation according to the reversibility aspect, but there were only five students are be able to fulfill two aspect of reversibility, described as negation and reciprocity, the others only fill reciprocity. The result showed that the problem related reversibility on junior high school still exist, especially in the aspect of negation.

This paper reports a two-year research project studying Indonesian primary and secondary teachers’ mathematics-related beliefs (MrB) and mathematical problem-solving knowledge for teaching (MPSKT). In the first year, a quantitative study involving 80 primary teachers, 70 lower secondary school, and 55 upper secondary schools from four districts in East Java province, Indonesia was carried out to examine whether there is a difference between the MrB and the MPSKT among them. In the second year, a multiple case study involving ten primary teachers and 13 lower secondary teachers was conducted to understand their MrB and MPSKT through some particular issues related to three domains of MrB: nature of mathematics, mathematics teaching, mathematics learning. Results indicate that there is no significant difference of MrB between primary and secondary teachers, while there is a significant difference between MPSKT of primary teachers and secondary teacher. Findings also suggest that inconsistencies not only occur between the three domains of MrB but also occurs between particular issues discussed within one domain. Also, this study highlight that beliefs about nature of mathematics was mainly influenced by teachers' experience when learning mathematics during their schooling experience while beliefs about teaching and learning were mainly influenced by the demand of current reform of mathematics curriculum.

Berpikir kritis penting dimiliki untuk bersaing di abad ke-21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi berpikir kritis siswa dalam aktivitas collaborative problem solving pada penerapan barisan dan deret. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif bersifat eksploratif. Subjek terdiri dari siswa kelas XII MIPA 3 di SMAN 1 Balongpanggang dengan satu kelompok terdiri dari dua siswa dengan kriteria pasangan kolaborasi berpikir kritis tinggi dan rendah, sedang dan rendah, serta berpikir kritis tinggi dan sedang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu tes berpikir kritis dalam collaborative problem solving dan wawancara yang dianalisis dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penyimpulan. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis berdasarkan indikator berpikir kritis dalam collaborative problem solving. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berpikir kritis siswa dalam Collaborative problem solving terkait penerapan barisan dan deret pada pasangan kolaborasi berpikir kritis tinggi dan rendah dapat melewati indikator identifikasi, analisis dan evaluasi. Sedangkan berpikir kritis siswa dalam Collaborative problem solving terkait penerapan barisan dan deret pada pasangan kolaborasi berpikir kritis sedang dan rendah tidak dapat melewati analisis dan evaluasi. Kata Kunci: berpikir kritis, collaborative problem solving, barisan dan deret

Practicing problem-solving can increase students' confidence outside of the mathematics field. Meanwhile, students who have different mathematical abilities have different problem-solving abilities in solving problems. Therefore, this research aims to describe students' problem-solving abilities in terms of mathematical abilities by using qualitative descriptive research methods. The subjects were three students with high, medium, and low abilities, while the main instrument was the researcher himself, supported by test and interview instruments. The results of high and moderate students exploring and understanding the problem showed the reluctance to write in detail on the answer sheet for the information known and problem asked in the questions, then delivered it in the interview session. In contrastNTS, the low-ability students wrote in great detail. At the stage of representing and formulating, high, medium, and low students used the same terms and formulas. At the stage of planning and implementing, the three students used various methods. However, the three students acquired the same answer and rechecked the results with what was known in the questions.

The aim of this research was to discover the relationship between teachers’ and students’ beliefs in mathematics. The sample consisted of two mathematics teachers, twenty eight students from 10th grade natural science 6 (X IPA 6) and twenty eight students from 10th grade natural science 10 (X IPA10) at state senior high school 5 Semarang. The data were collected from questionnaires and guided interviews on beliefs about mathematics. The research results showed that both of the mathematics teachers had platonist beliefs. It was found specifically that 4.76% of students in class X IPA 6 consistently had instrumentalist beliefs, 85.71% were consistent with their platonist beliefs, and 9.52% consistently had problem solving beliefs; while in class X IPA 10, 4.76% consistently showed instrumentalist beliefs, 80.95% were consistent with their platonist beliefs, and 14.29% consistently had problem solving beliefs. This indicates that there is a relationship between teachers’ and students’ beliefs, namely the tendency towards platonist beliefs; and also that the teacher’s beliefs influence the student’s beliefs.

Mathematics achievement of students in Indonesia is still lower than students in other countries. It is because the creative ability of students is still low. This study aimed to analyze students' creative problem-solving abilities after using realistic math comics videos. This type of research is quantitative research. A quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest comparison design was conducted in this study. The population of this study were all seventh-grade students of SMP, which consisted of four parallel classes. The sample was selected using a random sampling technique so that there were two classes of research samples, namely the control class sample and the experimental class sample. This study used a pretest and posttest instrument for creative problem-solving abilities. In this study, the pretest and posttest score data were normally distributed and homogeneous. Based on the research data analysis using the independent sample t-test, it was concluded that there were differences in the creative problem-solving abilities of students who were taught using real math comics videos with groups of students who were taught not to use fundamental math comics videos. So, it can be concluded that the creative problem-solving abilities of students who are taught using real math comic videos are better than those who are not taught using real math comic videos.