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Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam untuk mengerti kondisi perekonomian negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan variabel PDB dengan mempertimbangkan variabel RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement). Akan tetapi, data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini tidak memenuhi asumsi stasioner. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) yang merupakan salah satu model multivariat runtun waktu yang merupakan bentuk Vektor Autoregresive terestriksi dengan data yang tidak stasioner namun kombinasi liniernya memiliki kointegrasi. Hasil analisis model tersebut adalah terdapat kointegrasi antara PDB dan RTGS. Parameter model diestimasi dengan hasil estimasi jangka panjang RTGS signifikan sebesar -0,8828. Dari analisis kausalitas Granger terdapat hubungan satu arah PDB dengan RTGS. Akurasi model ditunjukkan oleh nilai MAPE sebesar 0,10%.

In this work, the objective is to utilize avocado seed extract as a cheap alternative source of active compounds and was successfully encapsulated using gum arabic by spray drying as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. First, the active compounds were extracted from avocado seed using solvent n-hexane and followed by solvent separation using rotary vacuum evaporator. Next, gum arabic as the encapsulation agent was added to avocado seed extract to form an emulsion, then spray-dried with drying air at a temperature of 140 °C. The mass ratio of avocado seed was varied at extract: gum arabic of 5:5, 5:10, 5:15, and 5:20. Then, the particle morphology, yield, moisture content, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, chemical groups, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial ability were analyzed to investigate the performance of the encapsulation particles. Among the ranges studied, the extract–gum arabic with a mass ratio of 5:10 exhibited the best properties of yield powder, loading capacity, and encapsulation efficiency at 49.78%, 3.43%, and 7.33%, respectively. The encapsulated particles have smooth surface, crackless, lower indentation, and a single-core encapsulation structure with an average diameter of 4.60 μm. Besides, the stability of antioxidant activity decreased by 2.36%, from 94.82% to 92.46% for four weeks of storage. They also performed antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, which were maintained after seven days. Meanwhile for avocado seed extract only, the unencapsulated stability of antioxidant activity has continually decrease from 91.58% to 84.05% and performed no antimicrobial activity against E. coli after seven days.

The war in Ukraine has triggered varying responses from people with Chinese heritage worldwide. These responses to the war highlight the diversities within global Chinese communities. They also serve as a lens through which we can observe how different Chinese communities intersect and interact through the internet and social media in a globalised world. This paper creates a few snapshots of juxtaposing opinions on the war in Ukraine among global Chinese communities. It identifies three preliminary patterns underlying these diverse opinions, pointing to directions for subsequent empirical studies. It also discusses how opinions toward the war in Ukraine expose the complex and complicated diversities and connections among global Chinese communities, calling for more scholarly efforts to situate Chinese studies within the global context.

Many people only know that waqf is only in the form of land assets, even though today, there is the latest innovation in waqf through Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk to build social infrastructure such as building hospitals. However, CWLS experiences growth every year. This study aims to analyze the public's intention to buy Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk through the Theory of Reasoned Action and also to determine the effect of religiosity on attitudes. Using the causality method, this study uses primary data through questionnaires distributed online to Indonesian Muslim residents over 18 years old who know the Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk program and understand the CWLS program. This study uses Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square to analyze the data. This study found that religiosity had a positive and significant effect on attitudes. In addition, it was also found that subjective attitudes and norms have a positive and significant influence on people's intentions to buy cash waqf-linked Sukuk waqf. The implication of this research is to be the reference for regulators in conducting the study and also to give information about CWLS to the community. The discussion about Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk in Indonesia is still limited; therefore this study was conducted to enhance people's knowledge.

Pendahuluan: Pneumonia adalah infeksi pada jaringan paru(alveoli) yang disebabkan oleh bakteria,virus atau jamur Metode: Studi retrospektif di Rumah Sakit Saiful Anwar Malang pada bulan Januari – Mei 2019. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel sputum, spesimen bronkoskopi dan cairan pleura dari pasien pneumonia pada Instalasi Rawat Inap, Rawat Jalan, dan Ruang Perawatan Intensif. Pengolahan data menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2016. Hasil: Pneumonia lebih sering terjadi pada laki-laki (58%) dibandingkan perempuan (42%) dengan rata-rata usia 56- 75 tahun. Profil kuman didapatkan patogen terbanyak pada sputum dari Instalasi Rawat Inap adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae sensitif Piperacillin/Tazobactam (sensitivitas 100%); dari Rawat Jalan adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae sensitif Amikacin (sensitivitas 100%); dari Ruang Perawatan Intensif adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae sensitif Ceftazidim (sensitivitas 100%). Kesimpulan: Patogen terbanyak pada sampel dari Instalasi Rawat Jalan adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae ss. pneumoniae sensitif Ertapenem (sensitivitas 100%) sedangkan dari Ruang Perawatan Intensif adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa spesimen bronkoskopi. Patogen terbanyak pada cairan pleura dari Instalasi Rawat Inap adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa sedangkan dari Ruang Perawatan Intensif adalah Escherichia coli. Tidak dapat dilakukan uji sensitivitas antibiotik pada isolat sampel spesimen bronkoskopi dari Instalasi Rawat Jalan, sampel cairan pleura dari Instalasi Rawat Inap serta Perawatan Intensif karena jumlah isolat yang kurang dari 30.

This study reported the effect of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a template on silica morphology and its properties. The precursor was prepared by producing silica nanofluid by the sol-gel method and mixed with various SLS concentrations. After that, the precursor was spray-dried to generate silica powder. An increase in SLS concentration up to 2 critical micelle concentration (CMC) indicates an increase in the silica particle size from 2.12 μm in untemplated silica particles to 2.58 μm. On the other hand, when the SLS concentration increases to 3 CMC, the particle size decreases to 2.19 μm. A significant increase in total pore volume and surface area is obtained for silica particles synthesized at least at the SLS concentration of 2 CMC, around eight higher volumes than without SLS addition. In addition, they have a macropore compared to silica particles synthesized without SLS addition that only exhibits mesopore. The surface area was 1,011 m2/g for the SLS concentration at 3 CMC, whereas the silica without SLS has only a surface area of 131 m2/g. The SLS concentration at 2 CMC or higher leads to a significant increase in its physical properties because the micelle formation is enough for sacrificed template formation. Methylene blue solution was used as an adsorbate for evaluating the dye adsorption capacity that followed the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. The highest theoretical maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 142.9 mg/g, obtained by silica adsorbent with the SLS concentration at 3 CMC.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengelolaan usaha mikro yang efektif dan efisien untuk jangka panjang dalam upaya meningkatkan laba usaha dan keberlanjutan dari usaha tersebut melalui penerapan akuntansi manajemen seperti penetapan harga pokok penjualan, harga jual, lalu akuntansi keuangan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan dan digitalisasi akuntansi, strategi pemasaran dan inovasi produk. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif berdasarkan sumber dari literatur (jurnal, artikel, buku dan lain-lain). Hasil dari penelitian ini akan memberikan gambaran yang kuat mengenai penerapan strategi dalam pengelolaan usaha mikro dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan, laba dan keberlanjutan usaha. Penentuan harga pokok produksi yang akurat akan menentukan ketepatan dalam menentukan harga jual produk serta menentukan strategi pemasaran yang tepat. Pelaporan keuangan yang memadai akan memberikan informasi bagi usaha itu sendiri dalam menentukan pengembangan usaha di masa yang akan datang. Digitalisasi pelaporan keuangan membuat alur informasi di perusahaan menjadi lebih cepat sehingga keputusan-keputusan dan strategi bisa segera ditetapkan seperti pengembangan atau inovasi produk

Highlights: 1. Most malaria infections found in East Kutai Regency were found within the male group and had high contact with forest areas.2. Malaria infections were found predominantly in the male group aged 25 to 34 years old.3. Most of the malaria infections found were caused by Plasmodium vivax. Abstract: Background: Malaria is endemic in Indonesia and knowing the factors that are involved in malaria infection will help the development of surveillance, prevention, and disease control. Objective: This study aimed to identify the profile of malaria infection and the vectors known in East Kutai Regency, Indonesia, in 2016. Material and Method: This research was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample used was taken from the 2016 annual report of The Health Office, East Kutai Regency. We evaluated malaria indicators, disease distribution, incidence (age, sex, and occupation), plasmodium species found and known vectors. Result: In 2016, there were 55 confirmed cases of malaria infection in East Kutai. The Annual Parasite Index was 0.16 per 1,000. Malaria patients were dominated by males (85.5%), aged between 25-34 years old with a mean age of 29.56 years. Most of the patients lived in Rantau Pulung (41.8%). Most of the patients had work that had high contact with forest areas (70.9%). Most of the patients were infected with Plasmodium vivax (58.2%). Identified vectors were Anopheles balabacensis which was found in Kaliorang District. Conclusion: The East Kutai Regency was classified as Low Case Incidence Area with most cases found in males of 24 to 34 years old whose work had high contact with forest areas. The identified plasmodium species were Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum while the identified vector was Anopheles balabacensis.

Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) menimbulkan sakit sehingga menghentikan produktivitas manusia, kematian, bahkan wabah (Kejadian Luar Biasa/ KLB). DBD ditularkan melalui perantaraan nyamuk. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan penguatan materi kepada para guru tentang bahaya dan kewaspadaan terhadap nyamuk. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan secara daring menggunakan zoom. Peserta kegiatan ini adalah semua guru mata pelajaran Biologi yang tergabung di dalam MGMP Biologi SMA Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah laptop, materi presentasi format ppt, zoom, dan google form. Hasil kegiatan adalah kegiatan berjalan dengan lancar. Ada peningkatan pengetahuan para peserta dari dimana rata-rata nilai pre test = 53 dan post test = 81. Kata Kunci: Nyamuk, guru, pengetahuan ABSTRACT Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) causes pain that stops human productivity, death, even plague. DHF is transmitted through mosquito intercession. These community service activities aim to provide material reinforcement to teachers about the dangers and vigilance against mosquitoes. This activity is carried out online using zoom. Participants of this activity are all teachers of Biology subjects who are members of MGMP Biology SMA Sidoarjo. The instruments used are laptop, ppt format presentation material, zoom, and google form. The result of the activity is that the training runs smoothly. There was an increase in the participants' knowledge from which the average pre-test value= 53 and post-test = 81. Keywords: Mosquitoes, teachers, knowledge

Background: During malaria infection, oxidative stress arises due to the high metabolic rate of the multiplying parasite within the erythrocyte. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) has been suggested as a biomarker of oxidative stress. The Ethyl acetate (EA) fraction from the ethanol extract of Andrographis paniculata was shown to inhibit Plasmodium berghei in vivo. However, the antimalarial mechanism of the EA fraction, specifically on oxidative stress has not been investigated previously. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the EA fraction on parasitemia levels, GSH and MDA levels of P. berghei infected rats. Methods: Female Wistar rats infected with P. berghei were divided into three groups. Group one received no treatment (negative control), group two was treated with 1.4 mg/200 g body weight of chloroquine diphosphate as positive control, and group three was treated with the EA fraction at a dose equal to andrographolide 3.5 mg/200 g body weight. The treatments lasted for four days (day 0 to day 3) and parasitemia was observed from day 0 to day 4. Rats were sacrificed and blood taken intracardially on day 4 after parasitemia observation. GSH was measured using an ELISA reader at a wavelength of 415 nm. MDA was observed via spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 532 nm. Results: The EA fraction at a dose equal to andrographolide 3.5 mg/200 g body weight was able to inhibit parasite growth by 81.97±9.14%. The GSH levels of the negative control, positive control and EA fraction treated group were 139.30±75.93 μMol/mL, 81.06±53.26 μMol/mL and 105.71±76.00 μMol/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the MDA level of negative control, positive control and EA fraction treated group were 11.18±0.70 nMol mL, 8.81±1.26 nMol/mL and 9.40±0.74 nMol/mL, respectively. No significant differences were detected between treatment groups regarding their GSH levels. Additionally, there was a significant difference in MDA levels between the negative control and positive control groups; as well as a significant difference between the negative control and the EA treated group. However, no significant difference in MDA levels between the EA fraction treated group and positive control group. Interestingly, a correlation was found between parasite growth inhibition and MDA levels among groups (p

Background: Andrographis paniculata is a herbaceous plant in the Acanthaceae family, that is widely used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries and known to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects. Recent studies have provided an overview of the great potential of A. paniculata as an analgesic. The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of A.paniculata were shown to contain diterpene lactone compounds, which may be useful as a potential active ingredient in analgesic drugs. The development of a herbal medicine based drug requires an effective and high quality active ingredient. Therefore, this research was aimed to compare the analgesic activity of ethanol extract and EA fraction based on their andrographolide content and further to determine the more viable active substance for analgesic herbal medicine based drug development. Method: The andrographolide content in the ethanol extract and EA fraction was determined by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Measurement of analgesic activity was performed by writhing test. The experimental animals were randomly divided into eight groups consisting of 5 mice in each. Group 1 (negative control) received 1% Tween-80 in normal saline. Group 2 (positive control) received a standard analgesic drug (diclofenac sodium) at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight. Group 3, 4, and 5 received ethanol extract while Group 6, 7, and 8 received EA fraction, each at a dose of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg andrographolide/kg body weight, respectively. Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 1% acetic acid at a dose of 10 ml/kg body weight 30 minutes after oral administration of the treatments. The number of writhes were counted 5 min after acetic acid injection over a period of 45 min. Results: Andrographolide content in ethanol extract and EA fraction was 15.66±0.28 and 21.25±1.08 % w/w, respectively. Ethanol extract and EA fraction displayed analgesic activity of 67.68% and 70.91% respectively, at a dose of 50 mg andrographolide/kg body weight. The positive control at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight showed an analgesic activity of 74.33%. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between EA fraction at a dose of 50 mg andrographolide/kg body weight and ethanol extract at the same dose as well as the positive control (P> 0.05). The effective dose 50% (ED50) of the ethanol extract and EA fraction was determined to be 29.49 and 25.55 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Conclusion: It was possible to use andrographolide content as an indicator for the analgesic activity of A.paniculata. Ethanol extract and EA fraction of A. paniculata at the same dose of andrographolide showed similar analgesic activity. The amount of ethanol extract which needed to reach similar analgesic activity was higher than EA fraction. Therefore, EA fraction likely has greater potential as an analgesic active substance due to its higher content of andrographolide; however further study is needed to develop it as a dosage form.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether leverage, sales growth, and dividend policies influence the value of the company and determine the development of leverage, sales growth, dividend policy, and company value in real estate, property, and construction companies listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia period of 2016-2018 Research methodology: This research was a quantitative research. The samples were real estate, property and building construction sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2016-2018, amounting to 20 companies. The sampling technique used was non probability sampling with a purposive sampling method.. Results: Leverage, sales growth, and dividend policy affect the company value. The magnitude of the influence of leverage, sales growth, and dividend policy in contributing influence of company value was 58.0%. Limitations: The research is limited to only those companies in the real estate, property, and building construction sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2018 and only focuses on the effect of leverage, sales growth, and dividend policy on firm value. Contribution: Companies in the real estate, property, and building construction sectors listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange should reduce their leverage, increase sales growth by improving their performance in selling products or services, and improve their dividend policy by increasing dividend distribution to shareholders each year.