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54. Shifts in US savings: long-run asset accumulation versus consumption smoothing

Author

Tanner, Evan

Subjects
Savings -- Economic aspects, Economic policy -- United States, Consumption (Economics) -- Analysis, Capital formation -- Economic aspects, Business, Business, general, Economics
Abstract

I. INTRODUCTION Savings rates have recently fluctuated considerably in the USA, attracting the attention of both policy makers and economists. Savings may change for several reasons. The economy's desired long-run [...]

Published
1997

55. The Algebraic Galaxy of Simple Macroeconomic Models : A Hitchhiker’s Guide

Author

Tanner, Evan C. and Tanner, Evan C.

Subjects
Macroeconomics--Econometric models
Abstract

Simple macroeconomic frameworks like the IS/LM have survived because they help us conceptualize complex problems while also providing ‘back of the envelope'estimates of macroeconomic outcomes. Herein, a bare-bones New Keynesian extension of the IS/LM model yields solutions for core macro variables (output gap, inflation, interest rate, real exchange rate misvaluation)—expressed in percent. We then extend that standard model to also generate a corresponding set of demand-side elements—expressed in currency units. A key aim of the paper is to reconcile these two metrics in ways that also aid communication and intuition—including through IS/LM-style graphs.

Published
2017

56. Disinflation, External Vulnerability, and Fiscal Intransigence : Some Unpleasant Mundellian Arithmetic

Author

Tanner, Evan C. and Tanner, Evan C.

Subjects
Capitalism--Mathematical models, Macroeconomics--Mathematical models, Economic policy--Mathematical models, Economic development--Mathematical models, Fiscal policy--Mathematical models, Monetary policy--Mathematical models
Abstract

This paper examines the policy challenges a country faces when it wants to both reduce inflation and maintain a sustainable external position. Mundell's (1962) policy assignment framework suggests that these two goals may be mutually incompatible unless monetary and fiscal policies are properly coordinated. Unfortunately, if the fiscal authority is unwilling to cooperate—a case of fiscal intransigence—central banks that pursue a disinflation on a ‘go it alone'basis will cause the country's external position to further deteriorate. A dynamic analysis shows that if the central bank itself lacks credibility in its inflation goal, it must rely even more on cooperation from the fiscal authority than otherwise. Echoing Sargent and Wallace's (1981) ‘unpleasant monetarist arithmetic,'in these circumstances, a ‘go it alone'policy may successfully stabilize prices and output, but only on a short-term basis.

Published
2017

57. A cushion for the poor: commodity-exporting governments can reduce debt and still protect their least well off citizens

Author

Tanner, Evan and Restrepo, Jorge

Subjects
Administrative agencies -- Economic policy, Expenditures, Public -- Economic aspects, Public debts -- Economic aspects, Commodities industry -- Economic aspects, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, Business, international
Abstract

PRICES for many primary commodities in world markets posted substantial gains over the past decade--even after taking into account the declines during the global crisis. For countries that rely heavily [...]

Published
2011

58. Rebuilding U.S. wealth: a world that frets about lost consumer demand should also worry whether newly frugal U.S. households will save enough

Author

Tanner, Evan and Abdih, Yasser

Subjects
Households -- Economic aspects, Demand (Economics) -- Forecasts and trends, United States economic conditions -- Forecasts and trends, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business, Business, international, Market trend/market analysis, Economic aspects, Forecasts and trends
Abstract

U.S. CONSUMERS, once the driving force behind world prosperity, are buying less and saving more in the aftermath of a global financial crisis that wiped out a big chunk of [...]

Published
2009

61. Frontiers of Monetary Policymaking

Author

Alichi, Ali, Benes, Jaromir, Felman, Joshua, Feng, Irene, Freedman, Charles, Laxton, Douglas, Tanner, Evan, Vavra, David, Wang, Ho, Alichi, Ali, Benes, Jaromir, Felman, Joshua, Feng, Irene, Freedman, Charles, Laxton, Douglas, Tanner, Evan, Vavra, David, and Wang, Ho

Abstract

The paper first describes how the Czech National Bank (CNB) moved gradually from a fixed exchange rate regime to the frontiers of Inflation-Forecast Targeting. It then focuses on the CNB's recent experience in adding the exchange rate as a complementary monetary policy tool to stimulate the economy and combat the risks of deflation when the policy interest rate is at the zero lower bound. It assesses the theoretical basis of such a policy, the communications approach used by the CNB when announcing the new framework, and the effects thus far on inflation and output.

Published
2015

66. Fiscal Sustainability : A 21st Century Guide for the Perplexed

Author

Tanner, Evan, International Monetary Fund, Tanner, Evan, and International Monetary Fund

Subjects
Fiscal policy, Debts, Public--Econometric models, Stochastic models, Government spending policy
Abstract

This paper critically reviews recent work regarding the sustainability of public debt. It argues that Debt Sustainability Analyses (DSAs) should be more than mere mechanical simulation exercises. Instead, a DSA should be linked to some objective regarding the distribution of fiscal burdens and distortions over time (in the tradition of Barro's 1979 tax smoothing objective). The paper discusses objective functions that yield simple and transparent fiscal policy rules.

Published
2013

76. An assessment of chemical control options for whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) in South Texas

Author

Pennartz, Katie J., Tanner, Evan P., Clayton, Megan K., Falk, Anthony D., Wester, David B., and Perotto-Baldivieso, Humberto L.

Abstract

•Whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima) is a native shrub in South Texas that has become a nuisance on rangelands by forming monoculture stands often requiring intensive management. Whitebrush is drought deciduous (i.e., defoliation in response to moisture stress), which limits the traditional window of opportunity for foliar herbicide applications.•In 2020, a new herbicide in the picolinic acid family (Invora; aminocyclopyrachlor + triclopyr [ACP + T1:2]) capable of offering high levels of control for select resprouting woody species was approved for use in rangelands. Our field trials demonstrated Invora provided high levels of control when applied as individual plant (IPT, mortality = 100%) and broadcast (BC, mortality = 98.6%) foliar treatments regardless of season (P = 0.29, α = 0.05) two years after treatment.•We also found foliar-like applications of other commonly used herbicides can be highly effective when applied to dormant shrubs (IPT mortality = 99.7%, BC mortality = 83.5%) with at least 2.5% surfactant in the chemical mix.•Laboratory testing indicated high variation in the percentage of viable seed produced annually between whitebrush populations (6%–49%), providing insight into population recruitment strategies post-treatment.

Published
2024
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77. The Algebraic Galaxy of Simple Macroeconomic Models: A Hitchhiker's Guide.

Author

Tanner, Evan C.

Subjects
MACROECONOMIC models, LIQUIDITY (Economics), KEYNESIAN economics, SET theory, MATHEMATICAL variables
Abstract

Simple macroeconomic frameworks like the IS/LM have survived because they help us conceptualize complex problems while also providing 'back of the envelope' estimates of macroeconomic outcomes. Herein, a bare-bones New Keynesian extension of the IS/LM model yields solutions for core macro variables (output gap, inflation, interest rate, real exchange rate misvaluation)-expressed in percent. We then extend that standard model to also generate a corresponding set of demand-side elements-expressed in currency units. A key aim of the paper is to reconcile these two metrics in ways that also aid communication and intuition-including through IS/LM-style graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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78. Extreme climatic events constrain space use and survival of a ground-nesting bird.

Author

Tanner, Evan P., Elmore, R. Dwayne, Fuhlendorf, Samuel D., Davis, Craig. A., Dahlgren, David K., and Orange, Jeremy P.

Subjects
*ECOLOGY, *TEMPERATURE, *NORTHERN bobwhite, *ABIOTIC environment, *THERMAL stresses
Abstract

Two fundamental issues in ecology are understanding what influences the distribution and abundance of organisms through space and time. While it is well established that broad-scale patterns of abiotic and biotic conditions affect organisms' distributions and population fluctuations, discrete events may be important drivers of space use, survival, and persistence. These discrete extreme climatic events can constrain populations and space use at fine scales beyond that which is typically measured in ecological studies. Recently, a growing body of literature has identified thermal stress as a potential mechanism in determining space use and survival. We sought to determine how ambient temperature at fine temporal scales affected survival and space use for a ground-nesting quail species ( Colinus virginianus; northern bobwhite). We modeled space use across an ambient temperature gradient (ranging from −20 to 38 °C) through a maxent algorithm. We also used Andersen-Gill proportional hazard models to assess the influence of ambient temperature-related variables on survival through time. Estimated available useable space ranged from 18.6% to 57.1% of the landscape depending on ambient temperature. The lowest and highest ambient temperature categories (<−15 °C and >35 °C, respectively) were associated with the least amount of estimated useable space (18.6% and 24.6%, respectively). Range overlap analysis indicated dissimilarity in areas where Colinus virginianus were restricted during times of thermal extremes (range overlap = 0.38). This suggests that habitat under a given condition is not necessarily a habitat under alternative conditions. Further, we found survival was most influenced by weekly minimum ambient temperatures. Our results demonstrate that ecological constraints can occur along a thermal gradient and that understanding the effects of these discrete events and how they change over time may be more important to conservation of organisms than are average and broad-scale conditions as typically measured in ecological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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79. FIRST RECORD OF SCOTT'S ORIOLE (Icterus parisorum) FOR OKLAHOMA.

Author

RABON, JORDAN C. and TANNER, EVAN P.

Abstract

Herewith, we report the first record of a Scott's Oriole (Icterus parisorum) in Oklahoma. This observation occurred on 18 April 2013, at Beaver River Wildlife Management Area, Beaver County. The individual was found dead after an extreme weather event, in which snowfall occurred and mean ambient temperatures dropped to 0.49°C. The individual, an adult male, may have experienced mortality from exposure to cold temperatures during this weather event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

100. Exchange Market Pressure and Monetary Policy: Asia and Latin America in the 1990s.

Author

Tanner, Evan

Subjects
*FOREIGN exchange market, *MONETARY policy
Abstract

Examines the exchange market pressure (EMP) and monetary policy in Asia and Latin America in the 1990s. Effects of monetary policy to EMP; Ways of measuring the monetary policy stance; Impact of monetary authorities on the domestic credit in response to higher EMP.

Published
2001

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