Search

To tackle challenges in road multi‐object detection, such as object occlusion, small object detection, and multi‐scale object detection difficulties, a new YOLOv8n‐RSFM structure is proposed. The key improvement of this structure lies in the introduction of the transformer decoder head, which optimizes the matching between the ground truth and predicted boxes, thereby effectively addressing issues of object overlap and multi‐scale detection. Additionally, a small object detection layer is incorporated to retain crucial information beneficial for detecting small objects, significantly improving the detection accuracy for small targets. To enhance learning capacity and reduce redundant computations, the FasterNet backbone is employed to replace CSPDarknet53, thus accelerating the training process. Finally, the INNER‐MPDIoU loss function is introduced to replace the original algorithm's complete IoU to accelerate the convergence and obtain more accurate regression results. A series of experiments were conducted on different datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed model YOLOv8N‐RSFM outperforms the original model YOLOv8n in small target detection. On the VisDrone, TinyPerson, and VSCrowd datasets, the mean accuracy percentage improved by 7.9%, 12.3%, and 4.5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coexistence and coupling of capacitive and memristive effects have been an important subject of scientific interest. While the capacitive effect in memristors has been extensively studied, the reciprocal scenario of the memristive effect in capacitors remains unexplored. In this study, we introduce a supercapacitor-memristor (CAPistor) concept, which is constructed by leveraging non-linear ion transport within the pores of a metal-organic framework zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF-7). Within the nanochannels of the ZIF-7 electrode in an aqueous pseudocapacitor, the anionic species (OH−) of the electrolyte can be enriched and dissipated in different voltage regimes. This difference leads to a hysteresis effect in ion conductivity, constituting a memristive behavior in the pseudocapacitor. Thus, the pseudocapacitor-converted CAPistor seamlessly integrates the programmable resistance and memory functions of an ionic memristor into a supercapacitor, demonstrating enormous potential to extend the traditional energy storage applications of supercapacitors into emerging fields, including biomimetic nanofluidic ionics and neuromorphic computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis, such as caspases. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects and possess biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidneys. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration of apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also addressed here.

This paper describes a concise, asymmetric and stereodivergent total synthesis of tacaman alkaloids. A key step in this synthesis is the biocatalytic Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone, which was developed to produce seven‐membered lactones and establish the required stereochemistry at the C14 position (92 % yield, 99 % ee, 500 mg scale). Cis‐ and trans‐tetracyclic indoloquinolizidine scaffolds were rapidly synthesized through an acid‐triggered, tunable acyl‐Pictet–Spengler type cyclization cascade, serving as the pivotal reaction for building the alkaloid skeleton. Computational results revealed that hydrogen bonding was crucial in stabilizing intermediates and inducing different addition reactions during the acyl‐Pictet–Spengler cyclization cascade. By strategically using these two reactions and the late‐stage diversification of the functionalized indoloquinolizidine core, the asymmetric total syntheses of eight tacaman alkaloids were achieved. This study may potentially advance research related to the medicinal chemistry of tacaman alkaloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was intended to assess condition and damages of a stilt wooden house located in in Keningau, Sabah, in order to develop a proper home repair and restoration plan that can be scaled up to other houses of similar design in areas that are susceptible to flood and other environmental factors which can affect the structural integrity. The findings revealed that the chosen stilt wooden house has decayed severely that many parts of the house mainly the roof, the floors, the railing and stairs were in decrepit condition which could pose danger to the occupants. The results also implied that there were various factors that led to the condition of the house namely termite infestation and moist and weakened wood which could be due to the damaged zinc roof that caused rainwater to leak into the house, direct contact with floodwater and possibly leaky plumbing. A repair and restoration work was done by focusing on the parts of the house that needed immediate fix in order to ensure comfort and safety of the household. This study may shed more light on how to repair and restore as well as redesign wooden homes in order to be more resilient towards damaged caused by environmental variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc bromine batteries (ZBBs) attract extensive research interest owing to their high theoretical energy density, high operating voltage, and low cost. However, they suffer from severe self-discharge and poor cycle life caused by the uncontrolled shuttle of polybromides. Herein, we design a hybrid-aqueous biphasic electrolyte to prevent the shuttle effects of ZBBs, where the hybrid phase consists of polybromides and bromine ions (Br−) dissolved in a co-solvent of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and water (TEGDME/H2O), and the aqueous phase mainly contains zinc ions (Zn2+) and sulfate ions (SO42−) in H2O. The polybromides can be confined successfully in the hybrid phase, which is attributed to the stronger interactions of polybromides with TEGDME than H2O and the unique molecular structure of the biphasic electrolyte. The superiority of the biphasic electrolyte is also confirmed by its high ionic conductivity, low volatility and non-flammability. The ZBBs using the biphasic electrolyte show significantly suppressed self-discharge, and a long 400-cycles life at 5 mA h capacity with 99.6% coulombic efficiency, which considerably exceed those of conventional ZBBs (270-cycles life, and 47.4% coulombic efficiency). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn (Zea mays L.) is an essential gramineous food crop. Traditionally, corn wastes have primarily been used in feed, harmless processing, and industrial applications. Except for corn silk, these wastes have had limited medicinal uses. However, in recent years, scholars have increasingly studied the medicinal value of corn wastes, including corn silk, bracts, husks, stalks, leaves, and cobs. Hyperlipidemia, characterized by abnormal lipid and/or lipoprotein levels in the blood, is the most common form of dyslipidemia today. It is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases if severe. According to the authors' literature survey, corn wastes play a promising role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. This article reviews the mechanisms and material basis of six different corn wastes in regulating dyslipidemia, aiming to provide a foundation for the research and development of these substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]