51. Long-Term Effects of a Classic Ketogenic Diet on Ghrelin and Leptin Concentration: A 12-Month Prospective Study in a Cohort of Italian Children and Adults with GLUT1-Deficiency Syndrome and Drug Resistant Epilepsy
- Author
-
De Amicis, Ramona, Leone, Alessandro, Lessa, Chiara, Foppiani, Andrea, Ravella, Simone, Ravasenghi, Stefano, Trentani, Claudia, Ferraris, Cinzia, Veggiotti, Pierangelo, De Giorgis, Valentina, Tagliabue, Anna, Battezzati, Alberto, and Bertoli, Simona
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Drug Resistant Epilepsy ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Monosaccharide Transport Proteins ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,urologic and male genital diseases ,leptin ,Article ,GLUT1-Deficiency Syndrome ,Young Adult ,drug-resistant epilepsy ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Child ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Middle Aged ,Treatment Outcome ,Italy ,ketogenic diet ,Child, Preschool ,ghrelin ,Female ,Diet, Ketogenic ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Biomarkers ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors - Abstract
The classical ketogenic diet (cKD) is an isocaloric, high fat, very low-carbohydrate diet that induces ketosis, strongly influencing leptin and ghrelin regulation. However, not enough is known about the impact of a long-term cKD. This study evaluated the effects of a 12-month cKD on ghrelin and leptin concentrations in children, adolescents and adults affected by the GLUT1-Deficiency Syndrome or drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). We also investigated the relationship between the nutritional status, body composition and ghrelin and leptin variations. We carried out a longitudinal study on 30 patients: Twenty-five children and adolescents (15 females, 8 ±, 4 years), and five adults (two females, 34 ±, 16 years). After 12-monoths cKD, there were no significant changes in ghrelin and leptin, or in the nutritional status, body fat, glucose and lipid profiles. However, a slight height z-score reduction (from &minus, 0.603 ±, 1.178 to &minus, 0.953 ±, 1.354, p &le, 0.001) and a drop in fasting insulin occurred. We found no correlations between ghrelin changes and nutritional status and body composition, whereas leptin changes correlated positively with variations in the weight z-score and body fat (&rho, = 0.4534, p = 0.0341, &rho, = 0.5901, p = 0.0135, respectively). These results suggest that a long-term cKD does not change ghrelin and leptin concentrations independently of age and neurological condition.
- Published
- 2019