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An 8-year-old, spayed female Maltese dog was presented with a one-month history of erythema, swelling and alopecia of periocular region with pruritus. The skin lesions were first detected at the age of three years, but this was the first time that symptoms had appeared in the eyes. Physical examination revealed markedly swollen and erythematous eyelids and conjunctiva including Meibomian glands. In addition, periocular alopecia and tears were identified. Slit lamp microscopy revealed erythema of conjunctiva and swelling of Meibomian glands. The Schirmer’s tear test was normal. Impression smear cytology of eyes revealed sterile neutrophils and corneal epithelial cells. There were no virus or bacterial infections in the eyes. On skin examination, generalized erythema was detected but there were no other skin lesions. A case of allergic blepharoconjunctivitis associated with canine atopic dermatitis was diagnosed based on history taking and skin examination. Treatment included cetirizine, cyclosporine, prednisolone and Forus eye drops®. The owner was instructed to wear an Elizabethan collar around his dog's neck at all times and restrict walking. And the diet was changed to hypoallergenic dog food. Medications and environmental restrictions significantly reduced erythema, edema and swelling of meibomian glands. Pruritus was also decreased. Six weeks later, the edema lesions of eyes disappeared.

Background Lung cancer has a high incidence worldwide, and most lung cancer-associated deaths are attributable to cancer metastasis. Although several medicinal properties of Panax ginseng Meyer have been reported, the effect of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) stimulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF- β1) and self-renewal in A549 cells is relatively unknown. Methods We treated TGF-β1 or alternatively Rk1 and Rg5 in A549 cells. We used western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), wound healing assay, Matrigel invasion assay, and anoikis assays to determine the effect of Rk1 and Rg5 on TGF-mediated EMT in lung cancer cell. In addition, we performed tumorsphere formation assays and real-time PCR to evaluate the stem-like properties. Results EMT is induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells causing the development of cancer stem-like features. Expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, decreased and an increase in vimentin expression was noted. Cell mobility, invasiveness, and anoikis resistance were enhanced with TGF-β1 treatment. In addition, the expression of stem cell markers, CD44, and CD133, was also increased. Treatment with Rk1 and Rg5 suppressed EMT by TGF-β1 and the development of stemness in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Rk1 and Rg5 markedly suppressed TGF-β1-induced metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP2/9) activity, and activation of Smad2/3 and nuclear factor kappa B/extra-cellular signal regulated kinases (NF-kB/ERK) pathways in lung cancer cells. Conclusions Rk1 and Rg5 regulate the EMT inducing TGF-β1 by suppressing the Smad and NF-κB/ERK pathways (non-Smad pathway).

Effective treatment choices to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are limited because of the absence of effective target-based therapeutics. The main object of the current research was to estimate the antiviral activity of cannabinoids (CBDs) against the human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In the presented research work, we performed in silico and in vitro experiments to aid the sighting of lead CBDs for treating the viral infections of SARS-CoV-2. Virtual screening was carried out for interactions between 32 CBDs and the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme. Afterward, in vitro antiviral activity was carried out of five CBDs molecules against SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, among them, two CBDs molecules namely Δ (Yu et al., 2020 [9])-tetrahydrocannabinol (IC50 = 10.25 µM) and cannabidiol (IC50 = 7.91 µM) were observed to be more potent antiviral molecules against SARS-CoV-2 compared to the reference drugs lopinavir, chloroquine, and remdesivir (IC50 ranges of 8.16-13.15 µM). These molecules were found to have stable conformations with the active binding pocket of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro by molecular dynamic simulation and density functional theory. Our findings suggest cannabidiol and Δ (Yu et al., 2020 [9])-tetrahydrocannabinol are possible drugs against human coronavirus that might be used in combination or with other drug molecules to treat COVID-19 patients.

본 연구는 지역별 레저스포츠(수상, 육상, 항공) 시설업 비교우위 분석을 통해 레저스포츠 시설업에 대한 지역별 경쟁력을 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 국민체육진흥공단에서 발간한 2018 레저스포츠산업 실태조사(2019)를 통해 레저스포츠산업 현황을 조사하였다. 다음으로, 지역별 비교우위 레저스포츠 시설업 도출을 위해 인적자원 집중도, 지역산업체 비중, 시장점유 비중 등 총 3개를 도출결정요인으로 구성하였다. 이에 따른 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수상레저스포츠에 비교우위가 있는 지역으로는 서울, 부산, 경상남도, 경상북도, 인천, 경기도, 전라남도, 강원도, 제주도로 분석되었다. 둘째, 육상레저스포츠에 비교우위가 있는 지역으로는 대구, 광주, 전라북도, 대전, 충청남도로 분석되었다. 셋째, 항공레저스포츠에 비교우위가 있는 지역으로는 울산과 충청북도로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석결과는 지방자치단체가 레저스포츠 시설업을 활용하여 지역 경제 활성화를 위한 정책적 방안의 근거자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective treatment for heart failure. However, in pediatric and congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, current adult indications cannot be directly applied because of heterogeneity in anatomy and diagnosis. Therefore, CRT responses and clinical outcomes in these patients were investigated to derive possible candidates for CRT.This study retrospectively analyzed 16 pediatric and CHD patients who underwent CRT implantation at a single center in early (0.7±0.2 year) and late (4.7±0.3 years) follow-up period after CRT.The median age at CRT implantation was 2.5 (0.3-37.2) years, and median follow-up duration was 6.3 (0.1-13.6) years. Thirteen had non-transvenous CRT. Two had congenital complete atrioventricular (AV) block with previous right ventricular pacing, 5 had dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with left bundle branch block, and 9 had CHD. The mean ejection fraction of the systemic ventricle increased from 28.1±10.0% to 44.3±21.0% (p=0.003) in early and 51.8±16.3% (p=0.012) in late outcome. The mean functional class improved from 3.1±0.9 to 1.8±1.1 after CRT (p=0.003). Twelve patients (75%) showed improvement in ventricular function or functional class after CRT. Proportion of responders differed between patients without CHD (2/2 patients with complete AV block and 5/5 with DCM, 100%) and those with CHD (5/9, 56%), although statistical significance was not reached (p=0.088).CRT improved ventricular function and functional status according to the underlying condition in pediatric and CHD patients. However, further large and longer-term studies are needed to establish the guideline for the patient selection of CRT in these patients.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyzes the task related to job creation of sport industry sector in the 3rd(2019~2023) sport industry long-term plan and suggest possible revisions of the sport industry relevant laws. Methods This study focused on literature review on sport industry long-term plan, sport related legal and regulations reviews. To achieve the purpose of the study effectively, the legislative purpose and main contents of the Sports Industry Promotion Law were examined, and the legislation and amendment policy measures dealing with new job creation and reinforcement of sport industry manpower, according to sports industry long-term plan. Results First, To promote job creation in sport industry, the provision of sport relevant laws including fostering sport industry specialized manpower, settling down the system to meet the demands of industrial sites and establishing specialized higher education institutions that can strengthen their capabilities. Second, as the paradigm of creating jobs value added in sport industry has changed into a state-of-the-art convergence-and-composite based system such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, legal systems that can reflect and implement it is urgently needed. Therefore, institutionally preemptive measures should be established before being new technological wave settled down in advance. Third, the development of a curriculum with substantial resources for strengthening the practical competency of sport industry manpower should be continued, and a revision of sport related laws on securing the budget is required. Conclusions By revising the current sport industry associated laws, it is expected to build a cornerstone on promoting job creation in sport industry.

Purpose The development of wearable technology has significantly changed the way people participate in physical activities. The purpose of this paper is to segment users of sports wearable devices based on technology readiness (TR). Design/methodology/approach Participants comprised a convenience sample of 356 participants using sports wearable devices in South Korea. Cluster analysis was performed to identify clusters of sports wearable users based on their TR (i.e. motivating and inhibiting beliefs regarding technologies). Analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test were used to determine whether there were significant differences among the clusters. Findings Clustering identified three groups of users of sports wearable devices: Explorers (high motivation, low inhibition), Laggards (low motivation, high inhibition) and Pioneers (high motivation, high inhibition). Each group demonstrated significant differences in TR (i.e. optimism, innovativeness, discomfort and insecurity). It also found that Laggards are more likely to be female and older users (i.e. over 40 years old). Originality/value This study explores characteristics of possible market segments and provides a better understanding of user profiles of sports wearable devices. These findings provide insightful implications for marketers of sports wearable devices, who can tailor marketing strategies to each segment. Designers of sports wearable devices can benefit from the user profiles and develop more appropriate products for users.

The first total synthesis of pactalactam was accomplished using substrate-controlled stereoselective aziridination and regioselective aziridine ring-opening to construct three continuous amino groups on an octasubstituted cyclopentane core. The cyclopentane framework was obtained by ring-closing metathesis and aldol coupling using a l-threonine-derived oxazoline compound. Cyclic urea formation, m-acetylphenyl group introduction by Chan-Lam coupling, and primary alcohol-selective acylation yielded the reported pactalactam structure. The presence of pactalactam in the fermentation broth of pactamycin-producing bacteria was also confirmed.

The total synthesis of nocarbenzoxazoles F (1) and G (2), originally obtained from the marine-derived halophilic bacterial strain Nocardiopsis lucentensis DSM 44048, was achieved via a simple and versatile route involving microwave-assisted construction of a benzoxazole skeleton, followed by carbon-carbon bond formation with the corresponding aryl bromides. Unfortunately, the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of natural nocarbenzoxazole G did not agree with those of the synthesized compound. In particular, the spectra of the isolated and synthesized compounds showed considerable differences in the signals from the protons and carbons in the aryl group. The revised structure was validated by the total synthesis of the actual nocarbenzoxazole G (8c) molecule, which is a regioisomer of the compound that was reported earlier as nocarbenzoxazole G. The synthesized derivatives showed specific cytotoxicity to the human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa, but did not have any remarkable effect on the other cell lines.

We aimed to investigate the association between nutrition and blood pressure and the role that body composition plays in this relationship. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from the years 2008–2020 were reviewed. A total of 11,234 subjects (5974 boys and 5260 girls) aged 10–18 years of age were selected. We analyzed the correlation between nutrition (intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, saturated fatty acid (SFA), unsaturated fatty acid (USFA), and dietary fiber (DF)) and body composition (height, weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and waist to height ratio (WHtR)), and performed multiple regression analysis to find the independent correlation between body composition and blood pressure (BP). We then compared the correlation between nutrition and BP, with or without adjustment for body composition. The intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, and USFA had positive associations with height, weight, WC, and BMI. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were independently positively correlated with height and BMI. The intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, and SFA had positive correlations with SBP and DBP, which disappeared when additionally adjusted for BMI and height. In conclusion, nutrition seems to affect BP via height and BMI in Korean children and adolescents.

A facile new synthetic method for the preparation of a Type-A 1-arylnaphthalene lactone skeleton was developed and used to synthesise justicidin B and several derivatives. Key synthesis steps included Hauser-Kraus annulation of a phthalide intermediate and Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling between a triflated naphthalene lactone intermediate and various potassium organotrifluoroborates. With two exceptions, the derivatives showed significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse macrophages. Moreover, several compounds, including justicidin B, had marked cytotoxicity towards six human tumour cell lines.

Junction networks made of longitudinally connected metal oxide nanowires (MOx NWs) have been widely utilized in resistive-type gas sensors because the potential barrier at the NW junctions leads to improved gas sensing performances. However, conventional MOx–NW-based gas sensors exhibit limited gas access to the sensing sites and reduced utilization of the entire NW surfaces because the NW networks are grown on the substrate. This study presents a novel gas sensor platform facilitating the formation of ZnO NW junction networks in a suspended architecture by growing ZnO NWs radially on a suspended carbon mesh backbone consisting of sub-micrometer-sized wires. NW networks were densely formed in the lateral and longitudinal directions of the ZnO NWs, forming additional longitudinally connected junctions in the voids of the carbon mesh. Therefore, target gases could efficiently access the sensing sites, including the junctions and the entire surface of the ZnO NWs. Thus, the present sensor, based on a suspended network of longitudinally connected NW junctions, exhibited enhanced gas response, sensitivity, and lower limit of detection compared to sensors consisting of only laterally connected NWs. In addition, complete sensor structures consisting of a suspended carbon mesh backbone and ZnO NWs could be prepared using only batch fabrication processes such as carbon microelectromechanical systems and hydrothermal synthesis, allowing cost-effective sensor fabrication.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ acceptance and use of sports and fitness wearable devices based on technology readiness (TR). In addition, the technology readiness and acceptance model (TRAM) will be used to investigate consumers’ intention to use sports wearable devices (for simplicity, sports wearable devices will be simplified to the term “sports wearables”).Design/methodology/approachConvenience sampling was conducted from Korean consumers (n=247). Data were analyzed by partial least squares–structural equation modeling using SmartPLS 3.0.FindingsThe results found that positive TR has a positive influence on perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU), and negative TR had a negative influence on PEOU and PU. PEOU had a positive influence on perceived usefulness (PU). Both PEOU and PU led to intention to use sports wearable devices. Also, the multi-group analysis found a positive correlation between TR and PEOU for especially male users.Originality/valueThe findings of this study provide a better understanding of consumers’ behavioral intent to use sports wearables. Particularly, it also provides evidence that the TRAM is an appropriate framework for predicting users’ intention to use sports wearables. This study also stresses the important role of TR in consumers’ psychological processes leading up to the actual use of novel sports wearables.

To determine whether the placement of an interscalene brachial plexus block (IBPB) with general anaesthesia before shoulder arthroscopy would be effective in establishing a clear visual field and in shortening the surgical procedure. This prospective randomized control trial study included 152 patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Group A received IBPB and group B did not receive IBPB. A visual clarity scale (VCS) was determined by arthroscopic visualization. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), duration of surgical procedure, VCS, and medication that was administered for haemodynamic stability were recorded. Results: The VCS was improved in group A at stages 2 and 3 of the surgical procedures (p

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine acceptance intentions of Sports O2O Service Potential consumers using the revised model of goal-directed behavior. [Methods] The 330 surveys were distributed to potential consumers through convenience sampling method for pilot study. Due to the reliability of data, 42 samples were discarded and 288 samples were put to actual analysis. Then data were analyzed for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling technique via SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 22.0. [Results] The results of this study were as follows. First, attitude and subjective norm had a positive effect on desire. Second, perceived behavior control did not affect on desire but had a positive affect on acceptance intention. Third, positive anticipated emotions had a positive effect on desire but negative anticipated emotions did not effect on desire. Fourth, desire had a effect on acceptance intention. [Conclusions] According to the result, sports O2O service operators should do best to improve consumers positive attitude. Especially, they have to establish marketing strategies of introducing strong aspects of sports O2O services. Also, providing easy processes and intuitive interface are needed to consumers. To promote sports O2O services to potential consumers which is unfamiliar to that services, it is important to induce easy ways for potential consumers to experience sports O2O services.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply the model of goal-directed behavior (MGB) as a research framework to investigate consumers’ behavioral intention to purchase sporting goods online. Design/methodology/approach Mall intercept sampling was used to collect data from Korean consumers who have the experience of purchasing sporting goods online. After the elimination of invalid responses, total 314 valid questionnaires were used for further analysis. Findings The results revealed that attitude, subjective norm, positive and negative anticipated emotions had significant influences on consumers’ desire to buy sporting goods online. Moreover, the frequency of past behavior and desire played significant roles in influencing on Korean consumers’ intention. Further analysis revealed that male consumers had higher levels of positive attitude, subjective norm, positive and negative anticipated emotions, desire, intention, frequency of past behavior toward the online purchase of sporting goods than female consumers did. It also found that male consumers’ desire had a significantly stronger influence on behavioral than female consumers did. Research limitations/implications The study suggests the benefit and gender-based targeting strategies in marketing sporting goods online. The primary limitation of this study was that respondents were all Korean online consumers of buying sporting goods. Future research should apply MGB to different countries or regions to generalize the results of this study. Originality/value The findings of this study provide a better understanding of Korean consumers’ intention to purchase sporting goods online and gender differences in their decision-making process.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to identify research trend regarding pro-sports and visualize keyword network by using semantic network analysis. [Methods] After searching researches about pro-sports from 1994 to 2016, total 686 researches selected. In this process, inappropriate researches were excluded by 2 researchers’ consensus. [Results] First, the distribution of the number of researches were arranged on pro-baseball, pro-football, pro-basketball, and pro-volleyball in that order. Second, fan, team, and athletes were main research subject. Third, quantitative researches were dramatically more than qualitative researches and mixed method researches. Forth, the proportion of co-working have increased with the course of time. Fifth, the number of keyword which are appeared in researches has increased with the course of time, it dramatically was increased at 2010. [Conclusion] Through these results, researches regarding pro-sports have been broaden with the course of time and interdisciplinary convergence researches with adjacent fields were performed. However, some keyboards were repeated and academic interest about rare keywords was decreased with the course of time. Therefore, scholars in sports field need to have a inquiring stance about novel variables and phenomenons

Infantile cortical hyperostosis, or Caffey's disease, usually presents with typical radiological features of soft tissue swelling and cortical thickening of the underlying bone. The disease can be fatal when it presents antenatally, especially before a gestational age of 35 weeks. This fatal, premature form of the disease is known to occur in various ethnic groups around the globe, and approximately 30 cases have been reported in English literature. This paper is unique in that it is the first paper to report a lethal form of prenatal-type infantile cortical hyperostosis diagnosed in South Korea. Born at gestational age of 27 weeks and 4 days, the patient had typical features of polyhydramnios, anasarca, hyperostosis of multiple bones, micrognathia, pulmonary hypoplasia, and hepatomegaly. The patient was hypotonic, and due to pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension, had to be supported with high frequency ventilation throughout the entire hospital course. Due to the disease entity itself, as well as prolonged parenteral nutrition, liver failure progressed, and the patient expired on day 38 when uncontrolled septic shock was superimposed. The chromosome karyotype of the patient was normal, 46, XX, and COL1A1 gene mutation was not detected.

Purpose The current study was aimed to examine acceptance intention of sports wearable smart device using the Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior Methods Data were drawn from 357 consumers who had experience purchasing sports products. Data were analyzed through frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 program Results First, perceived ease of use had a positive effect on attitude. Second, perceived usefulness had a positive effect on attitude. Third, attitude had a positive effect on acceptance intention. Fourth, subjective norm had a positive effect on acceptance intention. Fifth, perceived behavioral control did not affect acceptance intention. Sixth, differences of path coefficients between attitude and acceptance intention, subjective norm and acceptance intention were significant according to gender Conclusion The significance of this research is to provide the basis of positioning strategy for domestic companies of sports wearable smart device.

We present a new approach for determining 3D motion of a moving rigid object relative to a single camera in image sequences. To estimate motion parameters as characterized by 3D rotation and 3D translation, non-linear least square equations have been formulated. Corresponding features on an object were observed from images at different times. Good initial values of these non-linear equations were provided from a para-perspective projection model to overcome ill-conditioned convergence problem of the equations.

Unsymmetrical diarylalkynes were synthesized in moderate to good yields through a three-component one-pot procedure involving thermocontrolled sequential Sonogashira reactions with potassium ethynyltrifluoroborate and two different reactive aryl halides. The one-pot procedure was initiated by the palladium/copper-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling of potassium ethynyltrifluoroborate to an aryl iodide or electron-deficient aryl bromide at 40 °C. Following a subsequent deboronative Sonogashira reaction of the in situ generated potassium (arylethynyl)trifluoroborate, a second coupling to a less-active electron-rich aryl bromide at 80 °C, without any additional palladium/copper catalyst or base, gave rise to unsymmetrical diarylalkynes.

In this study, a novel and simple method for the preparation of various arylnaphthalene lactone natural products was developed and used to synthesize diphyllin (10), justicidin A (12), cilinaphthalide B (13), taiwanin E (15), chinensinaphthol (16), taiwanin E methyl ether (17), chinensinaphthol methyl ether (18), justicidin C (21) and justicidin D (22). The syntheses proceeded via HauserKraus annulation of cyanophthalides (7a and 7b) and SuzukiMiyaura cross-coupling of arylnaphthalene lactones having a sulfonate group (9, 14, 19, and 20) with the corresponding potassium aryltrifluoroborates.

In this study, the energy and exergy of an automobile refrigeration system using R134a and R134a/R1234yf were analyzed experimentally with respect to outdoor air temperature and compressor speed. As outdoor air temperature increased from 32.5 &deg, C to 37.5 &deg, C, the coefficient of performance (COP) and total exergy destruction rate of the refrigeration system using Mix30 decreased by 5.19% and 25.8% on average, compared to that of the system using R134a. The exergy efficiency of the Mix30 refrigeration system was on average 21.8% higher than that of the R134a system. As the compressor rotating speed increased from 1000 to 2000 rpm, the cooling capacity of the refrigeration system using R134a and R134a/R1234yf increased, while the COP decreased. The COP and total exergy destruction rate of the refrigeration system using Mix30 decreased by 4.82% and 19.5%, compared to that of the system using R134a. The exergy efficiency of the Mix30 refrigeration system increased on average by 20.7%, compared to that of the R134a system. The total exergy destruction rate of the automobile refrigeration system using R134a/R1234yf decreased with increase in R1234yf, while exergy efficiency increased. In addition, the exergy destruction rate of the automobile refrigeration system decreased as the amount of R1234yf in the R134a/R1234yf automobile refrigeration system increased.

Current precise geometric correction of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) image slots is performed by shoreline matching. However, it is troublesome to handle slots with few or no shorelines, or slots covered by clouds. Geometric correction by frequency matching has been proposed to handle these slots. In this paper, we further extend previous research on frequency matching by comparing the performance of three frequency domain matching methods: phase correlation, gradient correlation, and orientation correlation. We compared the performance of each matching technique in terms of match success rate and geometric accuracy. We concluded that the three frequency domain matching method with peak search range limits was comparable to geometric correction performance with shoreline matching. The proposed method handles translation only, and assumes that rotation has been corrected. We need to do further work on how to handle rotation by frequency matching.

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing has limitations in acquiring images before a forest fire, although burn severity can be analyzed by comparing images before and after a fire. Determining the burned surface area is a challenging class in the analysis of burn area severity because it looks unburned in images from aircraft or satellites. This study analyzes the availability of multispectral UAV images that can be used to classify burn severity, including the burned surface class. RedEdge multispectral UAV image was acquired after a forest fire, which was then processed into a mosaic reflectance image. Hundreds of samples were collected for each burn severity class, and they were used as training and validation samples for classification. Maximum likelihood (MLH), spectral angle mapper (SAM), and thresholding of a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used as classifiers. In the results, all classifiers showed high overall accuracy. The classifiers also showed high accuracy for classification of the burned surface, even though there was some confusion among spectrally similar classes, unburned pine, and unburned deciduous. Therefore, multispectral UAV images can be used to analyze burn severity after a forest fire. Additionally, NDVI thresholding can also be an easy and accurate method, although thresholds should be generalized in the future.