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Technology has greatly enhanced the developmental process of the global environment. It suffices to state that, Nigeria being a developing country is also having its fair share in the use of technology within the financial sector. This is concerning the fact that the traditional method of financial activities is gradually overtaken by financial technology. However, despite the prospect of finance and technology (Fin-Tech), there are several legal issues and challenges affecting its operation in Nigeria. In this regard, this study tends to embark on a hybrid method of study on the prospect and legal issues concerning Fin-Tech in Nigeria. The questionnaire was distributed to 301 respondents residing within Nigeria. The data obtained was analysed through descriptive and analytical statistical methods. The study, therefore, found that the introduction of Fin-Tech has greatly enhanced the commercial sector in Nigeria. Although, several challenges include the legality of its operations, other social and economic challenges could affect its smooth operation. The study concluded and recommended the necessity for legal regulations, internet security, educating the general public on the Fin-Tech system, and alignment of Fin-Tech operations with Nigerian laws for a smoother adoption of Fin-Tech in Nigeria.

In the conditions of digitization of the globalized world economy, Ukrainian enterprises have an informational request for methodical recommendations regarding the technique of conducting and computerized accounting of electronic money payments, which are an innovative form of settlement transactions. The purpose of the study was to form actual methodological recommendations regarding the organization of automated accounting of payments in electronic money at the enterprise, as well as to justify the choice of the necessary software product for this purpose. To achieve the goal, the method of morphological analysis, comparative and critical analysis, system-structural approach, bibliographic method was used. Ukrainian enterprises are suggested to implement accounting work with electronic money in two successive steps. The transformations that will take place in the accounting work for settlement transactions of the enterprise in the case of the introduction of national digital currencies are substantiated. The technological possibilities of using neural networks for processing arrays of data regarding electronic money calculations carried out in payment systems are explained. It has been proven that, according to the forecasted trends, it is expedient for Ukrainian enterprises to switch from local accounting software products to the use of cloud services. Functional capabilities of 12 cloud-based software solutions popular in Ukraine for automating accounting and analytical work were analysed, from the point of view of the possibility of computerized accounting of settlement operations in electronic money. The advantages and disadvantages of individual SaaS services are explained, and the expedient ones are recommended for use. Recommendations were made to adjust the Order on accounting policy, following the scheme of organizational and procedural measures developed in the work. It is proposed to assess the compliance of the existing accounting software product with management information requests that arise when using electronic money to make payments. The recommendations were developed on the basis of a detailed study of the prospects for the further popularization of electronic money. The study is of practical interest for Ukrainian enterprises that involve in their business innovative payment solutions in the conditions of rapid digitalization of the economy

The current state of legal doctrine and court practice on the issues of authority abuse as a ground for liability of bodies and persons performing the functions of business entities has been analysed. Since a business entity forms its own will and implements it through its bodies and persons performing the functions of its agencies, the relevant persons must adhere to the powers defined by law and the charter. If they act beyond their own powers, the will of such a legal entity is distorted and their own will, the will of individuals, takes place. The practice of bringing to justice members of bodies and persons performing the functions of business entities has now been established where such a legal entity is held administratively liable for an administrative offence committed by its authorised person. An example of this is cases involving liability for violations of the requirements of the legislation on the provision and disclosure of information in financial services markets. In general, it should be taken into account that the performance of a specific individual on behalf of a business entity in civil turnover does not change the independent nature of the will, behaviour and responsibility of such a legal entity for its actions in civil relations. It has been argued that, based on the general tenets of civil law, abuse of authority as a ground for liability of bodies and persons performing the functions of business entities has its own specifics of application. This is due not only to the actions (inaction) of such persons, but also to the counterparty’s (third party’s) awareness of the fact that the representatives of such a company act within the scope of their powers. It has been proved that the fact that a body and/or a person performing the functions of a business entity’s body committed unlawful, unfair actions or abused its authority is not the only and sufficient ground for invalidating transactions (agreements) concluded by this body on behalf of a legal entity with third parties. There is a need to prove that the counterparty knew (should have known) that the authority to represent the rights and interests of the business entity was limited by its body or a person performing the functions of such a body.

Accommodating an increasing number of users in the Blockchain network has moved to the forefront of discussion. It is also evident that without jeopardizing the data security in Blockchain, it is of indispensable need to devise an appropriate method for improving the scalability trait of Blockchain. In this article, we have proposed a consensus method that is having the potential to improve the scalability of the Private Blockchain. The system, at first, mitigates latency arising from kernel schedulers, ensuring that the application consistently has access to an available core for transaction processing. Secondly, the committee system alleviates the network's workload, preventing spurious transactions from monopolizing network resources and impeding its efficiency. Extensive experimentation is made by considering various scenarios of transaction with CPU isolation and application sticking to core 2 with varied priority. Based on the number of transactions performed per second, the proposed system is compared with different existing consensus mechanisms working in various types of Blockchains. Also, a detailed discussion is presented on the critical analysis of the adopted research mechanism. Overall, the proposed systems outperforms to other systems in various parameters of blockchain network scalability.

AbstractA central promise of urban experiments (UEs) is to create sites for social learning. However, research on such learning in sustainability transitions still lacks conceptual clarity and empirical evidence. This article helps to close this gap by analyzing how social learning emerges from urban experimentation. It adopts a transactional understanding of learning induced by disruptions of everyday habits and distinguishes cognitive, normative, and relational learning processes. Further, the additional dimension of socio-material learning is derived to account for changes in understanding or interpreting material realities. These concepts serve an analytical framework for a case study of two transition experiments carried out as part of the transdisciplinary research project “Dresden – City of the Future.” The two UEs strive to initiate local sustainability transitions pertaining to participatory governance of urban districts and co-creation of a livable schoolyard. The empirical results illustrate how interventions by the two UEs induced learning in the sense of changes of cognitive understandings, norms, relations among people, as well as between people and their socio-material environments. The experiments encouraged individual and collective learning and in particular the formation of collective identities and interpretations of specific places. By comparing two UEs, we further show differences in learning regarding the actor groups, namely that the majority of learning processes in the first experiment dealt with bridging the gap between prevalent routines of the school community and novel habits introduced by the initiators of the experiment. Participants of the second experiment were socio-ecologically minded from the outset and therefore fewer learning processes took place in this regard.

The development of non-cash payments is predicted to have an effect on real money demand, not only in Indonesia. The use of electronic money in Indonesia itself continues to increase especially in the covid-19 pandemic and it supported by technological developments. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of non-cash payments on real money demand in Indonesia. The method used is Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) using secondary data from Januari 2019 to December 2022. The independent variable is the amount of money circulated by Bank Indonesia, and the independent variables used are the value of debit / ATM card transactions, credit cards, and e -money. The results indicate that in the long run debit cards and emoney have a significant negative effect on money supply, while credit cards have positive effect on money supply but it’s not significan. While in the short term, all variables debit cards, credit cards and e-money are not significant on money supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with separate issues of legal evaluation and ways to counter dangerous practices of using virtual currencies in the course of legalizing property obtained through criminal means. The research analysis is based on the principle of interdisciplinary research with an active appeal to international and separately foreign experience of combating the legalization of criminal income through the use of transactions with cryptocurrencies. The position is argued, referring to specific examples of large-scale "financial-virtual" abuses, that Ukraine also needs to develop its own clear action plan regarding the legal regulation of the circulation of virtual assets, in particular by implementing effective national mechanisms to prevent (or at least reduce) money laundering practices of money obtained by criminal methods, taking into account the immediate threats to the financial system of Ukraine from the actions of a country that carries out armed aggression against our state. It was stated that although legal scholars traditionally have different approaches to the interpretation of the phenomenon of legalization of criminal income, there is still no complete understanding and definition of it, since money laundering can be considered as a multi-level phenomenon (as a crime, action, process, technology, stage, method and procedure, type of business activity, etc.), in scientific and practical circles, a common, established approach is to distinguish three main stages in the laundering of criminal proceeds: location, concealment and integration. It is shown that these stages cannot be equally applied to legalization schemes implemented using fiat or virtual currencies. In the final part of the article, the authors emphasized that the improvement of the domestic model of combating practices of legalization of money obtained by criminal methods should be implemented primarily by improving the regulatory framework and the system of organizational and legal measures to combat such practices by national regulators and individual departments of law enforcement agencies; at the same time, the criminal law component in the process of introducing proposed changes should have a conditionally secondary, auxiliary value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency marked a new era of illegal transactions. Cryptocurrency provides some level of anonymity allowing its users to create an unlimited number of wallets with alias addresses, which makes it challenging to identify the actual user. This is used by criminals for the purpose of making illegal transactions. At the same time, Bitcoin stores and provides information about all committed transactions, which opens up opportunities for identifying suspicious behavior patterns in this network using data mining. The problem of detecting suspicious activity in the Bitcoin network can be solved with sufficiently high accuracy using machine learning methods. The paper provides a comparative study of various machine learning methods to solve the mentioned problem: logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting. Selecting hyper parameters, rebalancing the dataset, and active learning are particularly important. The most important hyperparameters of the algorithms are described. Metrics show that the gradient boosting looks the most promising. In total 38 features of bitcoin addresses were identified. The top features are presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alauddin Law Development Journal is the property of Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates the effects of intertextuality on the engagement of second language learners with literary texts. The study focuses on Algerian postgraduate English learners and finds that intertextuality positively influences participants' engagement with the text. The article emphasizes the importance of reader response theory and the reader's role in constructing meaning. The study concludes that encouraging L2 readers to make intertextual connections enhances their engagement and appreciation of literary texts. Additionally, a list of references related to using reader response theory in the teaching of literature is provided for further exploration. [Extracted from the article]

This article draws on a philosophical critique of the problems of denial in the face of the climate crisis and the call for an education that deals with the root causes of social and environmental injustice in depth. To respond to this radical critique in concrete educational practice, there is a need for an understanding of moral learning that also considers the problems of denial and the role of the teacher in these learning processes. We therefore propose a transactional model grounded in Dewey's pragmatic philosophy that explains how denial hinders the process of moral learning but also describes how teachers can offer moments of resistance that interrupt denial and challenges and transform moral habits. Finally, we discuss the implications of a transactional perspective and the need for making moral progress by reflectively revising our moral habits in the face of overlapping environmental and social injustice crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lex Humana is the property of Lex Humana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At present, smart contracts are designed based on the application field, and their structure and functions are closely related to specific businesses. Even smart contracts within the same field and the same business have different structures and functions due to different developers, resulting in structural confusion, repeated development, and low levels of sharing. In response to this problem, this study conducts a full investigation of smart contracts in various fields, using big data technology to compare and analyze the structures of each contract and extracting the common content of their main bodies to study each feature, as well as to conduct induction and fusion. This study also generally designs a hierarchical structure and formulates structural modules such as transaction rules and the analysis of rights and responsibilities, as well as a reward and punishment mechanism. Data traceability is established, and the overall architectural specification of smart contracts is constructed. Additions, deletions, and improvements are made based on specific application environments to realize the dynamic updates of the architecture of contracts. Experiments show that the architecture of contracts can realize the various functions required in a transaction, solve the problem of the repeated development of current transactional smart contracts, and improve the sharing level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most current research on decentralized IoT applications focuses on a specific vulnerability. However, for IoT applications, only a limited number of techniques are dedicated to handling privacy and trust concerns. To address that, blockchain-based solutions that improve the quality of IoT networks are becoming increasingly used. In the context of IoT security, a blockchain-based authentication framework could be used to store and verify the identities of devices in a decentralized manner, allowing them to communicate with each other and with external systems in a secure and trust-less manner. The main issues in the existing blockchain-based IoT system are the complexity and storage overhead. To solve these research issues, we have proposed a unique approach for a massive IoT system based on a permissions-based blockchain that provides data storage optimization and a lightweight authentication mechanism to the users. The proposed method can provide a solution to most of the applications which rely on blockchain technology, especially in assisting with scalability and optimized storage. Additionally, for the first time, we have integrated homomorphic encryption to encrypt the IoT data at the user's end and upload it to the cloud. The proposed method is compared with other benchmark frameworks based on extensive simulation results. Our research contributes by designing a novel IoT approach based on a trust-aware security approach that increases security and privacy while connecting outstanding IoT services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many things in the line of life are already shifting towards digital. The use of financial technology in the digital era is one of the new choices that are in great demand as a tool for transactions in society. The use of fintech payment services can further maximize banking product services so that the payment system in buying and selling transactions becomes more effective and efficient. This study aims to find out how massive the use of financial technology services is in digital payment transactions in the community and find out what factors influence people to use digital payment services so that they can facilitate their activities in transactions in their daily lives. The method used in this study is quantitative in the form of a survey. The questionnaire survey was distributed via Google Form to 102 respondents from the age range of 14-30 years. After that, the data was analyzed using the partial least square–structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The results showed that the proposed model is moderately accurate with an R-square value of 0.561. In this study, effort expectancy and performance expectancy significantly influence the intention to use digital payment. Meanwhile, culture, perceived security, and social factors did not have a significant influence. The conclusion is that the intention to use digital payment will get stronger if the service related to performance expectancy and effort expectancy are simultaneously improved.

The emergence of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency marked a new era of illegal transactions. Cryptocurrency provides some level of anonymity allowing its users to create an unlimited number of wallets with alias addresses, which makes it challenging to identify the actual user. This is used by criminals for the purpose of making illegal transactions. At the same time, Bitcoin stores and provides information about all committed transactions, which opens up opportunities for identifying suspicious behavior patterns in this network using data mining. The problem of detecting suspicious activity in the Bitcoin network can be solved with sufficiently high accuracy using machine learning methods. The paper provides a comparative study of various machine learning methods to solve the mentioned problem: logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting. Selecting hyper parameters, rebalancing the dataset, and active learning are particularly important. The most important hyperparameters of the algorithms are described. Metrics show that the gradient boosting looks the most promising. In total 38 features of bitcoin addresses were identified. The top features are presented in the paper.

The renewal process in Islamic financial and banking thought is continuing, especially concerning the application of maslahah in financial and banking transactions. The paper’s primary aim is to apply the maslahah application to all contracts and transactions while paying little attention to the theoretical framework from a sharia perspective. The researchers examine the combination of theoretical and applied aspects to ensure the application of maslahah in financial transactions and contemporary Banking applications. This paper attempts to provide specific applied transactions in current practices while also explaining the mechanisms and processes based on theories in the application of maslahah. The researchers found that the main goal of Islamic finance is not only to create liquidity but also to build a sound foundation for the real economy and examine the structural design of contracts rather than just concentrating on the interest sought from the contracts themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

InsurTech are technological solutions used by insurance companies to optimise the performance and improve customer experience. Numerous InsurTech applications are available for almost all functions of insurance product life cycle. Over 1500 InsurTech companies operate around the world and around 140 InsurTech companies operate in India. InsurTech applications provide number of benefits though, there are concerns with regards to technology, data accuracy, legal and regulatory framework with regards to how InsurTech application operate. The paper presents a review of InsurTech companies with respect to services offered by them, impact, benefits and concerns. A strategic model, is suggested to plan the development or deployment of InsurTech application, in order to address the concerns stated in the paper. The model can be useful to both the IT professional who develop the applications and insurance professional who deploy the applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Investors usually react to risk and risk criteria affect their investment decisions. Continuity of stock trading can be very important for investors. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of risk criteria on the continuity of transactions of stock exchange companies with emphasis on the effectiveness of risk management during the years 2019 to 2020. Methodology: For this purpose, multivariate regression method and financial information of 107 companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange were used to test the research hypotheses. The research method is inductive-deductive in which the theoretical foundations and background of the research were collected through the library, articles and the internet and were used to reject or prove the research hypotheses by applying appropriate statistical methods to generalize the results. The financial data has been collected in Excel software to form a database and then analyzed using Evioz version 12 software to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The results of the research showed that the risk criteria according to the theoretical foundations of the research aims to reduce the continuity of the company's transactions, and also risk management has a significant and direct impact on the relationship between systematic risk, financial risk and stock price risk with the continuity of the company's transactions, but the effectiveness of the management. The risk on the relationship between the risk of financial crisis and the continuity of transactions was not confirmed. Originality/Value: From the aspect of research innovation, it can be mentioned that in Iran, no research has been done on the issue of transaction continuity and risk, even though both criteria are usually considered by investors as well as company managers, and the existence of an effective risk management system can also have informational content regarding the risk and continuity of transactions that this issue has also been examined in the current research. According to the results of the research, it can be said that risk criteria for investors have informational content, so managers who prioritize the liquidity of their company's shares should act in their decisions in such a way that the amount of debt to assets in be the optimal limit or behave in such a way that the company does not fall under the problems of financial crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Investigations on the bidirectional relationships between parenting stress and child behavior problems are important to inform intervention strategies; however, prior research has provided inconsistent findings. Using a national sample of multi‐stressed single‐mother families from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study, the present study examined the bidirectional relationships between maternal parenting stress and children's behavioral problems spanning from early childhood through adolescence at the child's ages 3, 5, 9, and 15. Reciprocal transactions were found between parenting stress and behavior problems in early childhood between the ages 3 and 5. From age 5 to age 15, our findings also suggest that children's behavior problems at an earlier time point predict mothers' parenting stress at a later time point. Unexpectedly, the lagged effects of parenting stress on child behavior problems in school ages were not significant in our sampled data. Early childhood interventions should address mitigating both parenting stress and their toddlers' behavior problems. During middle childhood and adolescence, interventions to directly address children's behavior problems are critical both to the well‐being of mothers and to assist in the reduction in levels of behavior problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper discusses the relation of philosophical pragmatism to empiricism as the backdrop to understanding human being. The crux of the problem is the relation between language and experience. The author argues that pragmatist empiricism is based on the concept that human practices are transactions, which includes both non-linguistic as well as linguistic practices. Within pragmatist anthropological philosophy, experience is a complex of transactions between humans and reality. Humans are both natural/physical and cultural/linguistic beings, whose living experience involves transactions with both the natural and the sociocultural environment. The dualism between language and experience is false and should be abandoned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, blockchain technology has gained significant attention for its potential in various domains. However, the lack of interoperability between different blockchain platforms poses a significant challenge in meeting the demands of the modern world. To address this issue, our research focuses on unlocking blockchain interconnectivity through smart contract-driven cross-chain communication. We aim to contribute to the development of a model that enhances the functionality and usability of blockchain technology. To achieve interoperability, we explore various options and leverage the power of smart contracts. These contracts enable seamless communication and exchange of services between different blockchain platforms, as well as with legacy systems. By implementing our proposed model, we intend to bridge the gap between isolated blockchain systems, enabling them to work together efficiently and effectively. To validate the effectiveness of our model, we have conducted a comparative analysis with existing parent blockchain models for cross-chain communication. We have measured and compared their mean and standard deviation, which indicate the performance improvements achieved by our approach. The results demonstrate that our model outperforms the existing parent blockchain model, offering better cross-chain communication capabilities and showing a 42.27% improvement in efficiency as well. Through our research, we aim to contribute to the advancement of blockchain technology by addressing the critical issue of interoperability. By enabling seamless communication and collaboration between different blockchain platforms, our model has the potential to revolutionize various industries and unlock new opportunities for innovation and growth.

Abstrak – Apakah Maqashid Syariah penting untuk Bank Syariah? Tujuan Utama – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur peran kinerja maqashid syariah dalam meningkatkan nilai perusahaan pada bank syariah. Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Sampel penelitian adalah laporan keuangan 11 bank syariah selama periode 2016-2020. Temuan Utama – Bank Syariah biasanya menggunakan pengkuran konvensional dalam mengukur kinerja dan nilai perusahannya. Padahal, pengukuran ini tidak sesuai dengan karakteristik dari Bank Syariah. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan IMSPSM dan SEVA sebagai alat pengukuran kinerja dan nilai perusahaan bagi bank syariah dinilai lebih lengkap dan menyeluruh. Implikasi Teori dan Kebijakan – Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi yang besar pada bidang kajian akuntansi syariah. IMSPM dan SEVA direkomendasikan untuk mengukur nilai serta kinerja perbankan syariah. Kebaruan Penelitian – Originalitias dari penelitian ini terdapat pada variabel nilai perusahaan yang diukur dengan menggunakan formula baru yang dikembangkan dari indikator EVA. Abstract – Is Maqashid Shariah important for Islamic Banks? Main Purpose - This study aims to measure the role of maqashid sharia performance in increasing firm value in Islamic banks. Method – This study uses multiple regression analysis. The research sample is the financial statements of 11 Islamic banks during the 2016-2020 period. Main Findings - Islamic banks usually use conventional measurements in measuring the performance and value of the company. In fact, this measurement is not in accordance with the characteristics of Islamic banks. Therefore, the use of IMSPSM and SEVA as a tool for measuring performance and corporate value for Islamic banks is considered more complete and comprehensive. Theory and Practical Implications - This research has significant implications in Islamic accounting studies. IMSPM and SEVA are recommended to measure the value and performance of Islamic banking. Novelty – The originality of this research is found in the firm value variable, which is measured using a new formula developed from the EVA indicator.

The phenomenon of the spread of the Novel Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) globally and thoroughly has transformed the trend of society, including the people of Indonesia. The tendency of individual behavior in buying and selling transactions is transformed from outside the internet network (offline) to inside the internet network (online). The level of comfort and convenience of the public in accessing and choosing various types of products online through electronic systems has given birth to new tendencies and habits in the e-Commerce landscape and has the potential to remain relevant even after the pandemic is over.. However, problems have arisen related to e-Commerce user data which has experienced many leaks so their activities tend to be insecure. If in the e-commerce transactions a sense of security and legal certainty is not guaranteed, it is feared that its development will stagnate. The research uses normative juridical methods and analytical descriptive types that explain the relationship between the Covid-19 health crisis and its impact on the tendency of people to conduct electronic buying and selling transactions where there is a shift in demand from physical retail to e-Commerce during the New Normal period. From this study, it was found that e-Commerce plays a major role in helping the community to remain active in online buying and selling transactions even in the post- pandemic period where legal protection is guaranteed for their activities. As for the legal regime that regulates the protection of personal data, it can help optimize the acceleration of e-Commerce with responsibility and principles of safety and security in serving consumers.