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Varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins were purified by using monoclonal antibodies and analyzed for their effects on cell-free virus infection. Preinfection treatment of cells with gH:gL reduced the infection efficiency and increased the number of unadsorbed virus. Postinfection treatment of cells with gB increased the infection efficiency, but that with gE:gI reduced it. Treatment of gE:gI and gH:gL with neuraminidase (NA) abolished their inhibitory activity and the plaque formation was enhanced by NA treatment of glycoproteins and cells. Glycoproteins exhibited their diverse activities despite their common role in viral penetration, and sialyl residues were responsible for their function in cell-free virus infection.

A combination of PhICl2 and Pb(SCN)2 is effective for the p-selective thiocyanation of various types of p-unsubstituted phenols and naphthols 1 to give p-thiocyanatophenols and naphthols 3. The reaction proceeded at 0°C to room temperature in good to quantitative yields. Twenty-five examples are given, in which various functional groups, such as chloro, allyl, carbonyl, ester, amide, and primary hydroxyl groups, are shown to be compatible with this reaction.

with q2 n = q2 nx + q2 ny + q2 nz and n = 1,2, . . . . After Eq. (4) the symbols qx , qy , and qz should be replaced by qnx , qny , and qnz, respectively. The changes do not affect the numerical calculations presented in Sec. V performed at qnx = 0 for the generic nth backward modes that have a qny component much larger than qnx . The article J. Jorzick, S. O. Demokritov, C. Mathieu, B. Hillebrands, B. Bartenlian, C. Chappert, F. Rousseaux, and A. N. Slavin, Phys. Rev. 60, 15194 (1999) is cited twice, both as Ref. 12 and as Ref. 15.

We investigated the temperature dependence of the bandgap of untreated and hydrogen-irradiated ZnSe1−xOx (x=0.23%–0.90%) alloys by photoluminescence from T=10 K to room temperature. The variation of the bandgap energy with T is similar to that of ZnSe, and does not depend on the oxygen concentration. This indicates that oxygen incorporation in ZnSe does not lead to the carrier localization observed for nitrogen incorporation in GaAs and GaP. Correspondingly, no interaction between hydrogen and oxygen is observed in hydrogenated ZnSe1−xOx.

The characteristics of plasma parameters and their spatial structures in a parallel-plates RF discharge in argon modified by the injection of small carbon particles have been investigated. A larger peak-to-peak fluctuation of space potential in the bulk plasma region was observed by an emissive probe measurement together with a decrease in the self-bias voltage. The electron energy distribution function in the plasma bulk as measured by an energy analyser also showed the presence of a higher energy tail. The enhancement of an argon atomic line emission in the midgap was consistent with the above results, showing the transition of the discharge mode from the gamma to alpha regimes. Spatial and temporal behaviours of particle density and size were measured by a newly proposed ellipsometric detection method of the laser Mie scattered light. Slow shift of the peak position of density and size distributions towards the sheath edge of the powered electrode was observed.

The in situ reaction of a novel hypervalent iodine reagent 2b having an arylthio ligand, prepared from phenyliodine diacetate and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorothiophenol 1b in pyridine, with 1-alkynes 3 gave 1,2-bis(arylthio)alkenes 4 in good yields.

Three types of clinical features at the onset are well known to be characteristic of acute hemiplegia syndrome (AHS). Type 1 comprises status epilepticus of hemiconvulsions with fever. Representative diseases of this type are the infectious diseases of the central nervous system, acute encephalopathy and cerebral vascular diseases. Type 2 comprises status epilepticus of hemiconvulsions without fever. Cerebral vascular diseases and epilepsy are the major ones of this type. Type 3 comprises hemiplegia or hemiparesis of sudden onset without fever or convulsions. Most patients with this type had cerebral vascular diseases, about half of which were moyamoya disease in Japan. Recent progress in neuroimaging studies has allowed considerable elucidation of the etiology of AHS. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI showed minimal lesions such as capsular infarction more clearly than plain MRI. Acetazolamide test 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT imaging is one of the useful assisted diagnostic techniques for moyamoya disease, because it reveals the reserve capacity of the collaterals. [123I]IMP SPECT is useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), as the images of the lesions coincide well with the MRI ones. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT in a case with alternating hemiplegia revealed normoperfusion in the ictal periods. Four cases of AHS are reported here.

The cross-tie wall is a kind of magnetic domain wall composed of a main straight wall and crossing subwalls and observed in magnetic thin films. This wall contains two kinds of magnetic vortex structures: “circular vortex” and “antivortex.” At the cores of both vortices, the existence of a spot with perpendicular magnetization has been theoretically predicted. We have detected the perpendicular magnetization spots at each vortex core and identified the direction of it by applying magnetic force microscopy imaging to cross-tie walls in patterned rectangular thin permalloy (Ni80Fe20) films. We also fabricated magnetic structures that contain only antivortex by engineering the shape of thin films.

Transgenic tobacco plants (CP +) that express the coat protein gene of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-Y strain were highly protected from infection with either CMV virions or CMV RNA, while transgenic protoplasts were also protected from infection with CMV virions but not with CMV RNA. CP + plants showed greater susceptibility to infection with satellite RNA-free CMV-Y than CMV-Y containing satellite RNA. At temperatures above 30°C, CP + plants did not or poorly resist infection with CMV. Elevated temperature affected the accumulation of CP rather than its mRNA, suggesting that CP molecules are mainly involved in virus resistance in CP + plants.

We compared regional cerebral blood flow assessed by[123I]N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and interictal surface electroencephalography (EEG) to evaluate its diagnostic potential in 24 patients with partial seizures with onset in childhood. Focal low uptake areas were observed on SPECT scans of 18 patients and were presumed to represent epileptogenic areas in 17. MRI revealed an abnormality in 12 and CT in 6 patients, and all organic lesions showed SPECT abnormalities, too. Six patients without focal structural abnormalities showed regional perfusion deficit on SPECT. Routine scalp EEG revealed an epileptic focus in 17 patients and three of them showed discordant results between SPECT and EEG, which suggested more serious brain disorders. In two patients without EEG localization only SPECT showed focal abnormalities in the probable epileptic area. [123I]IMP-SPECT was useful in locating the epileptic focus, particularly during the early period after the onset of partial seizures when the EEG gave inconclusive results.

A novel and efficient synthesis of 1-ethoxyvinyl esters 3a–i from carboxylic acids 4a–i and ethoxyacetylene 5 by using a catalytic amount of ruthenium complex [{RuCl2(p-cymene)}2]6f has been developed. These reagents reacted smoothly with amines and alcohols to give the corresponding N- and O-acylated compounds in excellent yields. This acylation method has been applied to the synthesis of hydrophilic 3′-N-acylated oxaunomycin derivatives 13a, b.

We propose a novel lossless transmission line configuration which exhibits significantly small signal power variation along the line by Raman amplification. A hybrid line consisting of two fibers with different Raman gain properties is theoretically investigated, and it is shown that signal power deviation can be suppressed to only 1.2 dB in a 50-km span. Validity of the proposed hybrid line is confirmed by experiments.

A novel and efficient synthesis of 1-ethoxyvinyl esters 3a–i from carboxylic acids 4a–i and ethoxyacetylene 5 by using a catalytic amount of ruthenium complex [{RuCl2(p-cymene)}2]6f has been developed. These reagents reacted smoothly with amines and alcohols to give the corresponding N- and O-acylated compounds in excellent yields. This acylation method has been applied to the synthesis of hydrophilic 3′-N-acylated oxaunomycin derivatives 13a, b.

The in situ reaction of a novel hypervalent iodine reagent 2b having an arylthio ligand, prepared from phenyliodine diacetate and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorothiophenol 1b in pyridine, with 1-alkynes 3 gave 1,2-bis(arylthio)alkenes 4 in good yields.

A Web‐based e‐Learning homework system was introduced in the undergraduate subject of the introductory electronics experiment; “Introductory Electronics Laboratory”. This homework is appended to practical trainings and face‐to‐face guidance in the laboratory (blended‐type e‐Learning). The e‐Learning is mainly prepared to teach basic electronics and to guide necessary apparatus before the practical training. The overall impression about this subject in students’ questionnaires has improved from 3.5 for 2005/2006 (e‐Learning not introduced) to 3.9 2007/2008 (e‐Learning introduced) (5 for good, 3 for average, and 1 for bad). Students understanding of the experiments has also improved from 3.43 for 2005/2006 to 3.45 for 2007/2008 (5, 4, 3, 2 for S, A, B, C grade). This subject is compulsory for all second‐year students in our department (∼120 students). The e‐Learning system in our case is considered to be effective especially for required subjects of experiments and large classes.

Halocarbons are widely distributed in environment: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. This report presents the data on the cycle of halocarbons in air-water phase. Low-boiling-point halocarbons were monitored and about 10 kind of substances which include chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) were detected in the environment The concentrations of halocarbons in air are influenced by weather conditions, especially by wind speed. Three CFCs, CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113, were detected at the level of 0.18-1.70 ppb on the day (wind speed 0-lm/sec), and 0.05-0.40 ppb (5-10m/sec). Other halomethanes, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, were detected at the level of 0.06-0.72 ppb and 0.03-0.06 ppb; a haloethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, was 0.50-5.3 ppb and 0.12-0.95 ppb; and haloethylenes, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, were 0.02-4.1 ppb and 0.01-1.8 ppb on days of wind speed below lm/sec and 5-10m/sec, respectively. Substances found in air were also detected in water phase. Concentration of above-mentioned halocarbons in water were at the level of 0.001-0.0095 ppb in river water, 0.002-0.06 ppb in ground water, 0.001-0.036 ppb in seawater, and 0.001-0.53 ppb in rain water. In comparison with concentration of halocarbons of environmental measurement and estimation value by using the predictive fate model of chemical substances, haloethanes and haloethylenes in air exceeded the value of estimation. On the other hand, halomethanes in air almost agreed with its value, and in water phase were quite similar to the estimation.

The objective was to quantify the blue-light hazard from CO(2) arc welding of mild steel.The spectral radiance of arcs in CO(2) arc welding of mild steel was measured for solid and flux-cored wires at welding currents of 120-480 A. Effective blue-light radiance and the maximum acceptable exposure duration were calculated from the spectral radiance using their definitions in American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists guidelines.The effective blue-light radiance ranged from 22.9 to 213.1 Wcm(-2)sr(-1). The corresponding maximum acceptable exposure duration was only 0.47-4.36 s, meaning that the total daily exposure to the welding arc without eye protection should not exceed this duration.It is very hazardous to view the arcs in CO(2) arc welding of mild steel. Welders and their helpers should use appropriate eye protectors in these arc-welding operations. Also, they should avoid direct light exposure when starting an arc-welding operation.

本報は, 都市環境大気中のPCDD, PCDF, PCB, クロルデン等のような高沸点塩素系化合物の濃度レベルに注目し, 気相および粒子中の化学物質の夏季及び冬季の日間変動を, 気象条件とともに検討した。これら化学物質の挙動と移送は, 化学物質の蒸気圧や気象条件に依存して湿性・乾性沈降にも密接に関連している。また, 日本の都市域で呼吸による大気経由のダイオキシン関連物質の摂取量を見積もった。大気中のダイオキシン濃度は2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD換算で0.22PgTEQ/m3 (PCDDsに由来するものが0.04pgTEQ/m3, PCDFsに由来するものが0.18pg/m3) であった。成人男子の一日呼吸量を約15m3と仮定すると大気中の2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD経気道経由の摂取量は, 約3.3pg/dayであった。

In order to measure the flow velocity field in coast, VHF(Very High Frequency) radar is often used recently, because it enables to obtained the velocity distribution in extended wide region simultaneously. The array antenna is needed fairly large area to operate the radar and it should be located at particular place such as a spot with sweeping view. Another type of the radar, loop antenna with monopole produced by CODAR, is small and useful for the measurement. If it can be used on board a moving vessel, the possibility of ocean field measurements will be extended extremely. However, it is obviously difficult to operate the radar on a steel vessel, because it affects extraordinarily. It should be considered that the vessel is a part of the radar. This paper describes the result of examination on inference of the radar on the steel vessel, using VLCC (Very Large Crude-oil Carrier). Although the characteristics of the receiving wave, called "antenna pattern" here, is deformed very much, it is possible to estimate the arrival directions of the radio waves in particular region. The result shows the possibility of measuring the flow velocity distribution by means of the VHF radar on the vessels.

Air samples were collected through the summer season using quartz fiber filter (QMF) and polyurethane foam plugs (PUF) with high volume air sampler. The QMF and PUF samples were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordanes and DDE by high resolution gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (HRGC-MS). We have previously reported the concentrations of these compounds in urban air. In this study we present: (1) daily variability; (2) vapor/particulate ratio of these compounds. Daily variability of these compounds in ambient air was discussed with meteorological factors. The major parts of PCDDs and PCDFs exist in the particulate phase. Chlordanes, PCBs, and DDE exist in the vapor phase at 98%,96% and 95%, respectively.

Comparison of recent reported highly nonlinear fibers is carried out with viewpoints of practical use. Currently, silica-based highly nonlinear fibers are concluded to be most promising, and their recent progress is briefly reviewed.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of newly developed hydrogel glue to treat rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in in vitro and in vivo studies. In the in vitro study, the solid hydrogel glue was soaked in a balanced salt solution (BSS). The pH was measured periodically, and the dissolution time was recorded. In the in vivo study in six albino rabbits, 0.1 ml of hydrogel glue was injected into the right vitreous cavity, and 0.1 ml BSS was injected into the left vitreous, as the control. Clinical, electroretinography (ERG) and histological examinations were performed. Retinal detachment with a retinal hole was created in 12 albino rabbits after vitrectomy. After fluid–air exchange, the hydrogel glue was applied to the hole in nine rabbits; three other rabbits were used as controls. Clinical and histological examinations were performed. The pH ranged from 6.65 to 8.14. The glue remained solid in BSS for 7 weeks. The glue injection did not induce inflammation. There was no significant difference between the study and control eyes in the ERG amplitude or the implicit times of the a and b waves. No significant histological abnormality was detected. The retina was reattached with glue in three of nine eyes. The histological examination showed glue under the retina. Hydrogel glue, which seemed to be minimally toxic to the eye, can be used to patch retinal breaks. However, methods to mix a small amount of each solution completely and a more effective intraocular delivery system for the glue are needed. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2007;51:89–95 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2007

We discuss the four-fold anisotropy of in-plane ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field $H_r$, found in a square lattice of circular Permalloy dots when the interdot distance $a$ gets comparable to the dot diameter $d$. The minimum $H_r$, along the lattice $$ axes, and the maximum, along the $$ axes, differ by $\sim$ 50 Oe at $a/d$ = 1.1. This anisotropy, not expected in uniformly magnetized dots, is explained by a non-uniform magnetization $\bm(\br)$ in a dot in response to dipolar forces in the patterned magnetic structure. It is well described by an iterative solution of a continuous variational procedure., 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex, details of analytic calculation and new references are added

We present vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance measurements of epitaxial Fe films having a thickness of 16 monolayers. Our objective is to test the reliability of this novel frequency domain technique with respect to frequency and damping. For this purpose we compare vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance to pulsed inductive microwave magnetometry, time resolved magnetooptic Kerr effect (both methods in the time domain), and conventional ferromagnetic resonance (measured in the field domain) in terms of position and width of the ferromagnetic resonance. In addition, we compare the various techniques with respect to the signal to noise ratio of the raw data. All data is obtained using the same well characterized ultrathin magnetic Fe/GaAs (0 0 1) film. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of the vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance technique for the investigation of nano-structured magnetic elements having nonuniform magnetization configuration. The absorption spectrum of Permalloy disks with a diameter of 200 nm and a thickness of 15 nm shows up to eight distinct resonance peaks. The spatial structure of the corresponding modes was derived from numerical calculations and reveals that azimuthal modes up to the fifth order have been observed inductively. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Brillouin light scattering has been exploited to study the dependence of the spin-wave spectrum on the interdot distance in squared arrays of circular permalloy dots with radius R=100 nm, thickness L=50 nm, and interdot spacing (s) variable in the range between 50 and 800 nm. The experimental data have been satisfactorily reproduced using a micromagnetic approach which solves the discretized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation over a 3x3 matrix of differently spaced circular dots and performing a local Fourier transform. This approach enabled us to clarify that, on reducing the s/R ratio, some of the normal modes existing within each isolated dot increase their frequency retaining their own character. The fundamental mode, instead, splits into three modes characterized by different profiles of the dynamic magnetization. For all these modes, hybriditazion effects have also been observed. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Square arrays of nanometric cylindrical dots (radius 100 nm), with interdot spacing variable in the range 50-800 nm, have been patterned by e-beam lithography, starting from a 50 nm,thick permalloy film. A detailed magneto-optical Kerr effect study revealed that on reducing the interdot separation below 200 nm, there is a marked decrease of the vortex nucleation and annihilation fields, as well as an increase of the susceptibility. These results are interpreted in terms of the influence of interdot dipolar coupling, on the basis of micromagnetic simulations with either open or periodic boundary conditions. The coupling also affects the high-frequency magnetic properties, as seen by the modification of the spin-wave spectrum measured by Brillouin. light scattering. In particular, a broadening of the discrete resonance modes and a shift to higher frequency for some of them is evident for the specimens with small interdot spacings. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Silica-based highly nonlinear fiber with a record-breaking /spl gamma/ of 30 /W/km has been fabricated. FWM-based conversion efficiency was evaluated and we have confirmed that the new fiber shows the highest efficiency among fibers composed of various materials.

This paper deals with the decision making of a mobile robot in drastic changes of its envi-ronment. For the problem, we are trying to incorporate the rule decomposi-tion-and-merging approach into the rein-forcement learning approach. This idea is realized modifying the framework of the Structured Boltzmann Machine (SBM). The SBM represents structured concepts and re-trieves stored concepts by complex keys. For the latter the SBM augments operations on the network modules connecting the independently learned modules and extracting concepts by specified keys. Such operations are adapted and applied to merge strategies learned in advance. A simplified vehicle navigation problem will be defined and a modified SBM specific to that problem will be illustrated.

Optical absorption saturation intensity Is was measured by using femtosecond light pulse for In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As MQW grown on InP (100) substrates. Is showed minimum at x=0.46 (under tensile strain). This was in marked contrast to the previous results.

Four-wave-mixing-based wavelength conversion over 193-nm bandwidth, fully covering from S- to U-bands, is demonstrated by a 100-meter-long HNL-DSF with improved β4 of 10-56 s4/m and zero-dispersion wavelength fluctuation within ±0.1 nm. (2 pages)

Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectra have been measured in arrays of cylindrical Permalloy dots with elliptical cross section, $200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ wide, $15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ thick, and eccentricities from 1 to 3. Several spin modes are observed and their frequencies tracked as a function of the direction of the applied $1.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kOe}$ magnetic field $\mathbit{H}$. The experimental data are interpreted within the framework of the recently introduced dynamical matrix method to calculate spin excitations in magnetic particles. We find that the mode frequencies strongly depend on the eccentricity of the dots and on the direction of the applied field. For fields along the principal axes the solutions can be classified into: (i) modes localized near the particle ends, (ii) modes with nodal lines perpendicular to $\mathbit{H}$ (backwardlike modes), (iii) modes with nodal lines parallel to $\mathbit{H}$ (Damon-Eshbach-like modes) and (iv) modes with both parallel and perpendicular nodal lines. In cases where the frequencies of two modes in different families are similar, some hybridization between the modes is observed. For $\mathbit{H}$ along nonsymmetry directions only the modes of type (i) remain reasonably well defined, other modes can at best be described as hybrids of modes in the above categories. Determining which of the modes is active in BLS experiments leads to excellent agreement with the experimental results.

In diagnosing patients with short stature, it is very important to identify patients with disproportionate short stature since these patients are likely to have genetic and/or metabolic bone disorders rather than endocrinological short stature, and the prognosis and the treatment are quite different. Traditionally, to identify patients with disproportionate short stature, arm span or pubis-to-floor length are compared with the total height (1, 2) or sitting heights are compared with standards (1). Although there are no standardized statistics of arm span in Japanese children, arm span is believed to be close to the height of an individual both from the studies on white children (3, 4) or on multiracial populations (5). Usually the diagnosis of disproportionate short stature is easily made when the patient has abnormally short limbs compared with height. However, there is a diagnostic challenge in young infants since in this age group, the body proportions are different from those of older children and adults. The proportion of the head is larger in infants giving the impression of shorter limbs compared with those of older children. As an aid in the diagnosis of infants with disproportionate short stature, we attempted to establish the standards of arm span in Japanese infants. We selected normal Japanese infants at 1 month and 4 months of age, since these are the months when most Japanese infants undergo routine well baby visits under the current health maintenance policy of the Japanese government.

Wideband (1500 nm down to 1300 nm), high speed absorption recovery time (2-3 ps) and optical absorption saturation energy density (120 /spl sim/ 150 /spl mu/J/cm/sup 2/) were obtained for low temperature (250/spl deg/C) MBE-grown and Be-doped In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As bulk-like epifilm.

Background and aims Differential diagnosis between non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions is very important at colonoscopy, since removal or biopsy of non-neoplastic polyps wastes time and resources. We therefore conducted a prospective study to examine whether indigo carmine dye spraying with and without magnification is more reliable than the conventional method for differential diagnosis. Patients and methods 122 patients with 206 lesions of 10 mm or smaller were recruited into this study. All lesions detected on colonoscopy were first diagnosed using the conventional view, then at chromoendoscopy using 0.2 % indigo carmine, and finally at chromoendoscopy with magnification. The diagnosis at each step were recorded consecutively. All lesions were finally categorized as neoplastic or non-neoplastic according to pit pattern; non-neoplastic lesions were biopsied for histological evaluation, and all the neoplastic ones were removed endoscopically. The accuracy rate of each type of endoscopic diagnosis was evaluated, using histological findings as reference. Results Histologically, 46 lesions (22 %) were non-neoplastic and 160 (78 %) were neoplastic. The overall diagnostic accuracies by conventional view, chromoendoscopy, and chromoendoscopy with magnification were 84.0 % (173/206), 89.3 % (184/206) and 95.6 % (197/206), respectively. Conclusion Chromoendoscopy with magnification is the most reliable method for determining whether a colorectal lesion is non-neoplastic or neoplastic.

Limiting current type oxygen sensors using a thin-film zirconia electrolyte and platinum electrodes have been reported previously. However, for this configuration, in which the electrolyte resistance is minimized, the sensor performance may be dominated by the electrode interface resistance. Accordingly, an improved sensor with graded-composition layer electrodes (GLE) has been developed to reduce the electrode interface resistance in such a device. Sensors fabricated with GLE displayed good linearity and high stability to oxygen concentrations from 0% to 100%, due to a decrease in the electrode interface resistance.

The magnetic normal modes of nanometric magnetic disks are calculated using a recently developed, hybrid micromagnetic method. The method is based on the subdivision of a particle into small cells and the development of a ``dynamical matrix'' that contains the restoring torques acting on the magnetization of each cell. The method includes dipolar, Zeeman, and exchange interactions. The results of these calculations are used to interpret the spin wave spectra measured by Brillouin scattering in an array of nanometric Permalloy™ disks over a wide range of applied fields encompassing both the vortex and saturated states.