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469 results on '"Swärd, Karl"'

53. Deletion of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Impairs Glucose Tolerance, Reduces Bone Growth, Increases Blood Pressure, and Eliminates Estradiol-Stimulated Insulin Release in Female Mice

Author

Mårtensson, Ulrika E. A., Salehi, S Albert, Windahl, Sara, Gomez, Maria F., Swärd, Karl, Daszkiewicz-Nilsson, Joanna, Wendt, Anna, Andersson, Niklas, Hellstrand, Per, Grände, Per-Olof, Owman, Christer, Rosen, Clifford J., Adamo, Martin L., Lundquist, Ingmar, Rorsman, Patrik, Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, Ohlsson, Claes, Olde, Björn, and Fredrik Leeb-Lundberg, L M.

Published
2009

59. Myocardin-dependent Kv1.5 channel expression prevents phenotypic modulation of human vessels in organ culture

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Junta de Castilla y León, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad de Valladolid, Banco Santander, Swedish Research Council, Arévalo-Martínez, Marycarmen, Cidad, Pilar, García-Mateo, Nadia, Moreno-Estar, Sara, Serna, Julia, Fernández, Mirella, Swärd, Karl, Simarro-Grande, María, Fuente, Miguel A. de la, López-López, José R., Pérez-García, M. Teresa, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Junta de Castilla y León, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad de Valladolid, Banco Santander, Swedish Research Council, Arévalo-Martínez, Marycarmen, Cidad, Pilar, García-Mateo, Nadia, Moreno-Estar, Sara, Serna, Julia, Fernández, Mirella, Swärd, Karl, Simarro-Grande, María, Fuente, Miguel A. de la, López-López, José R., and Pérez-García, M. Teresa

Abstract

[Objective]: We have previously described that changes in the expression of Kv channels associate to phenotypic modulation (PM), so that Kv1.3/Kv1.5 ratio is a landmark of vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Kv1.3 functional expression is relevant for PM in several types of vascular lesions. Here, we explore the efficacy of Kv1.3 inhibition for the prevention of remodeling in human vessels, and the mechanisms linking the switch in Kv1.3 /Kv1.5 ratio to PM., [Approach and Results]: Vascular remodeling was explored using organ culture and primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells obtained from human vessels. We studied the effects of Kv1.3 inhibition on serum-induced remodeling, as well as the impact of viral vector-mediated overexpression of Kv channels or myocardin knock-down. Kv1.3 blockade prevented remodeling by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix secretion. PM activated Kv1.3 via downregulation of Kv1.5. Hence, both Kv1.3 blockers and Kv1.5 overexpression inhibited remodeling in a nonadditive fashion. Finally, myocardin knock-down induced vessel remodeling and Kv1.5 downregulation and myocardin overexpression increased Kv1.5, while Kv1.5 overexpression inhibited PM without changing myocardin expression., [Conclusions]: We demonstrate that Kv1.5 channel gene is a myocardin-regulated, vascular smooth muscle cells contractile marker. Kv1.5 downregulation upon PM leaves Kv1.3 as the dominant Kv1 channel expressed in dedifferentiated cells. We demonstrated that the inhibition of Kv1.3 channel function with selective blockers or by preventing Kv1.5 downregulation can represent an effective, novel strategy for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia and restenosis of the human vessels used for coronary angioplasty procedures.

Published
2019

60. Regulation of the Muscarinic M3 Receptor by Myocardin-Related Transcription Factors.

Author

Liu, Li, Rippe, Catarina, Hansson, Ola, Kryvokhyzha, Dmytro, Fisher, Steven, Ekman, Mari, and Swärd, Karl

Subjects
MUSCARINIC receptors, TRANSCRIPTION factors, SERUM response factor, CARBACHOL, CELL receptors, MUSCARINIC agonists
Abstract

Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs: myocardin/ MYOCD , MRTF-A/ MRTFA , and MRTF-B/ MRTFB) are co-factors of serum response factor (SRF) that activate the smooth muscle cell (SMC) gene program and that play roles in cardiovascular development and mechanobiology. Gain and loss of function experiments have defined the SMC gene program under control of MRTFs, yet full understanding of their impact is lacking. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the muscarinic M3 receptor (CHRM3) is regulated by MRTFs together with SRF. Forced expression of MYOCD (8d) in human coronary artery (SMC) followed by RNA-sequencing showed increased levels of M2, M3, and M5 receptors (CHRM2 : 2-fold, CHRM3 : 16-fold, and CHRM5 : 2-fold). The effect of MYOCD on M3 was confirmed by RT-qPCR using both coronary artery and urinary bladder SMCs, and correlation analyses using human transcriptomic datasets suggested that M3 may also be regulated by MRTF-B. Head-to-head comparisons of MYOCD, MRTF-A and MRTF-B, argued that while all MRTFs are effective, MRTF-B is the most powerful transactivator of CHRM3 , causing a 600-fold increase at 120h. Accordingly, MRTF-B conferred responsiveness to the muscarinic agonist carbachol in Ca2+ imaging experiments. M3 was suppressed on treatment with the MRTF-SRF inhibitor CCG-1423 using SMCs transduced with either MRTF-A or MRTF-B and using intact mouse esophagus in culture (by 92±2%). Moreover, silencing of SRF with a short hairpin reduced CHRM3 (by >60%) in parallel with α-actin (ACTA2). Tamoxifen inducible knockout of Srf in smooth muscle reduced Srf (by 54±4%) and Chrm3 (by 41±6%) in the urinary bladder at 10days, but Srf was much less reduced or unchanged in aorta, ileum, colon, trachea, and esophagus. Longer induction (21d) further accentuated the reduction of Chrm3 in the bladder and ileum, but no change was seen in the aorta. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that Mrtfb dominates in ECs, while Myocd dominates in SMCs, raising the possibility that Chrm3 may be driven by Mrtfb-Srf in the endothelium and by Myocd-Srf in SMCs. These findings define a novel transcriptional control mechanism for muscarinic M3 receptors in human cells, and in mice, that could be targeted for therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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65. Array profiling reveals contribution of Cthrc1 to growth of the denervated rat urinary bladder

Author

Zhu, Baoyi, Ekman, Mari, Svensson, Daniel, Lindvall, Jessica M., Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, Uvelius, Bengt, Swärd, Karl, Zhu, Baoyi, Ekman, Mari, Svensson, Daniel, Lindvall, Jessica M., Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, Uvelius, Bengt, and Swärd, Karl

Abstract

Bladder denervation and bladder outlet obstruction are urological conditions that cause bladder growth. Transcriptomic surveys in outlet obstruction have identified differentially expressed genes, but similar studies following denervation have not been done. This was addressed using a rat model in which the pelvic ganglia were cryo-ablated followed by bladder microarray analyses. At 10 days following denervation, bladder weight had increased 5.6-fold, and 2,890 mRNAs and 135 micro-RNAs (miRNAs) were differentially expressed. Comparison with array data from obstructed bladders demonstrated overlap between the conditions, and 10% of mRNAs changed significantly and in the same direction. Many mRNAs, including collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (Cthrc1), Prc1, Plod2, and Dkk3, and miRNAs, such as miR-212 and miR-29. resided in the shared signature. Discordantly regulated transcripts in the two models were rare, making up for <0.07% of all changes, and the gene products in this category localized to the urothelium of normal bladders. These transcripts may potentially be used to diagnose sensory denervation. Western blotting demonstrated directionally consistent changes at the protein level, with increases of, e.g., Cthrc1, Prc1, Plod2, and Dkk3. We chose Cthrc1 for further studies and found that Cthrcl was induced in the smooth muscle cell (SMC) layer following denervation. TGF-beta 1 stimulation and miR-30d-5p inhibition increased Cthrc1 in bladder SMCs, and knockdown and overexpression of Cthrc1 reduced and increased SMC proliferation. This work defines common and distinguishing features of bladder denervation and obstruction and suggests a role for Cthrc1 in bladder growth following denervation.

Published
2018
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66. Expression of endothelin type B receptors (EDNRB) on smooth muscle cells is controlled by MKL2, ternary complex factors, and actin dynamics

Author

Krawczyk, Katarzyna K., Skovsted, Gry Freja, Perisic, Ljubica, Dreier, Rasmus, Berg, Jais Oliver, Hedin, Ulf, Rippe, Catarina, Swärd, Karl, Krawczyk, Katarzyna K., Skovsted, Gry Freja, Perisic, Ljubica, Dreier, Rasmus, Berg, Jais Oliver, Hedin, Ulf, Rippe, Catarina, and Swärd, Karl

Abstract

The endothelin type B receptor (ETB or EDNRB) is highly plastic and is upregulated in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by arterial injury and following organ culture in vitro. We hypothesized that this transcriptional plasticity may arise, in part, because EDNRB is controlled by a balance of transcriptional inputs from myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) and ternary complex factors (TCFs). We found significant positive correlations between the TCFs ELK3 and FLI1 versus EDNRB in human arteries. The MRTF MKL2 also correlated with EDNRB. Overexpression of ELK3, FLI1, and MKL2 in human coronary artery SMCs promoted expression of EDNRB, and the effect of MKL2 was antagonized by myocardin (MYOCD), which also correlated negatively with EDNRB at the tissue level. Silencing of MKL2 reduced basal EDNRB expression, but depolymerization of actin using latrun-culin B (LatB) or overexpression of constitutively active cofilin, as well as treatment with the Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632, increased EDNRB in a MEK/ERK-dependent fashion. Tran-script-specific primers indicated that the second EDNRB transcript (EDNRB_2) was targeted, but this promoter was largely unresponsive to LatB and was inhibited rather than stimulated by MKL2 and FLI1, suggesting distant control elements or an indirect effect. LatB also reduced expression of endothelin-1, but supplementation experiments argued that this was not the cause of EDNRB induction. EDNRB finally changed in parallel with ELK3 and FLI1 in rat and human carotid artery lesions. These studies implicate the actin cytoskeleton and ELK3, FLI1, and MKL2 in the transcriptional control of EDNRB and increase our understanding of the plasticity of this receptor.

Published
2018

67. Thrombospondin-4 mediates cardiovascular remodelling in angiotensin II-induced hypertension

Author

Palao, Teresa, primary, Medzikovic, Lejla, additional, Rippe, Catarina, additional, Wanga, Shaynah, additional, Al-Mardini, Claudia, additional, van Weert, Angela, additional, de Vos, Judith, additional, van der Wel, Nicole N., additional, van Veen, Henk A., additional, van Bavel, Ed T., additional, Swärd, Karl, additional, de Waard, Vivian, additional, and Bakker, Erik NTP, additional

Published
2018
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70. Regulation of microRNA expression in vascular smooth muscle by MRTF-A and actin polymerization

Author

Alajbegovic, Azra, Turczynska, Karolina, Hien Tran, Thi, Cidad, Pilar, Swärd, Karl, Hellstrand, Per, Corte, Alessandro Della, Forte, Amalia, Albinsson, Sebastian, Alajbegovic, Azra, Turczynska, Karolina, Hien Tran, Thi, Cidad, Pilar, Swärd, Karl, Hellstrand, Per, Corte, Alessandro Della, Forte, Amalia, and Albinsson, Sebastian

Abstract

The dynamic properties of the actin cytoskeleton in smooth muscle cells play an important role in a number of cardiovascular disease states. The state of actin does not only mediate mechanical stability and contractile function but can also regulate gene expression via myocardin related transcription factors (MRTFs). These transcriptional co-activators regulate genes encoding contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in smooth muscle. Regulation of small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) by actin polymerization may mediate some of these effects. MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression by post-transcriptional regulation of target messenger RNA.In this study we aimed to determine a profile of miRNAs that were 1) regulated by actin/MRTF-A, 2) associated with the contractile smooth muscle phenotype and 3) enriched in muscle cells. This analysis was performed using cardiovascular disease-focused miRNA arrays in both mouse and human cells. The potential clinical importance of actin polymerization in aortic aneurysm was evaluated using biopsies from mildly dilated human thoracic aorta in patients with stenotic tricuspid or bicuspid aortic valve.By integrating information from multiple qPCR based miRNA arrays we identified a group of five miRNAs (miR-1, miR-22, miR-143, miR-145 and miR-378a) that were sensitive to actin polymerization and MRTF-A overexpression in both mouse and human vascular smooth muscle. With the exception of miR-22, these miRNAs were also relatively enriched in striated and/or smooth muscle containing tissues. Actin polymerization was found to be dramatically reduced in the aorta from patients with mild aortic dilations. This was associated with a decrease in actin/MRTF-regulated miRNAs.In conclusion, the transcriptional co-activator MRTF-A and actin polymerization regulated a subset of miRNAs in vascular smooth muscle. Identification of novel miRNAs regulated by actin/MRTF-A may provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying vasc

Published
2017

81. Inhibition of Polyamine Uptake Potentiates the Anti-Proliferative Effect of Polyamine Synthesis Inhibition and Preserves the Contractile Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Author

Grossi, Mario, Phanstiel, Otto, Rippe, Catarina, Swärd, Karl, Alajbegovic, Azra, Albinsson, Sebastian, Forte, Amalia, Persson, Lo, Hellstrand, Per, and Nilsson, Bengt-Olof

Subjects
Mice, Knockout, Eflornithine, Time Factors, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Spermidine, Biogenic Polyamines, Caveolin 1, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, Biological Transport, Drug Synergism, Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Tissue Culture Techniques, Phenotype, Gene Expression Regulation, Vasoconstriction, Polyamines, Putrescine, Animals, Humans, Cell and Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

Increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a factor in atherosclerosis and injury-induced arterial (re)stenosis. Inhibition of polyamine synthesis by α-difluoro-methylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, attenuates VSMC proliferation with high sensitivity and specificity. However, cells can escape polyamine synthesis blockade by importing polyamines from the environment. To address this issue, polyamine transport inhibitors (PTIs) have been developed. We investigated the effects of the novel trimer44NMe (PTI-1) alone and in combination with DFMO on VSMC polyamine uptake, proliferation and phenotype regulation. PTI-1 efficiently inhibited polyamine uptake in primary mouse aortic and human coronary VSMCs in the absence as well as in the presence of DFMO. Interestingly, culture with DFMO for 2 days substantially (>95%) reduced putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) contents without any effect on proliferation. Culture with PTI-1 alone had no effect on either polyamine levels or proliferation rate, but the combination of both treatments reduced Put and Spd levels below the detection limit and inhibited proliferation. Treatment with DFMO for a longer time period (4 days) reduced Put and Spd below their detection limits and reduced proliferation, showing that only a small pool of polyamines is needed to sustain VSMC proliferation. Inhibited proliferation by polyamine depletion was associated with maintained expression of contractile smooth marker genes. In cultured intact mouse aorta, PTI-1 potentiated the DFMO-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. The combination of endogenous polyamine synthesis inhibition with uptake blockade is thus a viable approach for targeting unwanted vascular cell proliferation in vivo, including vascular restenosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2015

83. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy:3rd edition

Author

Klionsky, Daniel J, Abdelmohsen, Kotb, Abe, Akihisa, Abedin, Md Joynal, Abeliovich, Hagai, Acevedo Arozena, Abraham, Adachi, Hiroaki, Adams, Christopher M, Adams, Peter D, Adeli, Khosrow, Adhihetty, Peter J, Adler, Sharon G, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Rajesh, Aghi, Manish K, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguilar, Patricia V, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio, Airoldi, Edoardo M, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akporiaye, Emmanuel T, Al-Rubeai, Mohamed, Albaiceta, Guillermo M, Albanese, Chris, Albani, Diego, Albert, Matthew L, Aldudo, Jesus, Algül, Hana, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Alloza, Iraide, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Beceril, Maylin, Alnemri, Emad S, Alonso, Covadonga, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario C, Alvarez, Silvia, Alvarez-Erviti, Lydia, Alves, Sandro, Amadoro, Giuseppina, Amano, Atsuo, Amantini, Consuelo, Ambrosio, Santiago, Amelio, Ivano, Amer, Amal O, Amessou, Mohamed, Amon, Angelika, An, Zhenyi, Anania, Frank A, Andersen, Stig U, Andley, Usha P, Andreadi, Catherine K, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anel, Alberto, Ann, David K, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Antonioli, Manuela, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Aquila, Saveria, Aquilano, Katia, Araki, Koichi, Arama, Eli, Aranda, Agustin, Araya, Jun, Arcaro, Alexandre, Arias, Esperanza, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen R, Armstrong, Jane L, Arnould, Thierry, Arsov, Ivica, Asanuma, Katsuhiko, Askanas, Valerie, Asselin, Eric, Atarashi, Ryuichiro, Atherton, Sally S, Atkin, Julie D, Attardi, Laura D, Auberger, Patrick, Auburger, Georg, Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Avantaggiati, Maria Laura, Avrahami, Limor, Awale, Suresh, Azad, Neelam, Bachetti, Tiziana, Backer, Jonathan M, Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Jae-Sung, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric H, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baghdiguian, Stephen, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Balaji, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Balzan, Rena, Banerjee, Rajkumar, Bánhegyi, Gábor, Bao, Haijun, Barbeau, Benoit, Barrachina, Maria D, Barreiro, Esther, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolomé, Alberto, Bassham, Diane C, Bassi, Maria Teresa, Bast, Robert C, Basu, Alakananda, Batista, Maria Teresa, Batoko, Henri, Battino, Maurizio, Bauckman, Kyle, Baumgarner, Bradley L, Bayer, K Ulrich, Beale, Rupert, Beaulieu, Jean-François, Beck, George R, Becker, Christoph, Beckham, J David, Bédard, Pierre-André, Bednarski, Patrick J, Begley, Thomas J, Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg Mn, Behrns, Kevin E, Bejarano, Eloy, Belaid, Amine, Belleudi, Francesca, Bénard, Giovanni, Berchem, Guy, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Berkhout, Ben, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernard, Amélie, Bernard, Monique, Bernassola, Francesca, Bertolotti, Anne, Bess, Amanda S, Besteiro, Sébastien, Bettuzzi, Saverio, Bhalla, Savita, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhutia, Sujit K, Biagosch, Caroline, Bianchi, Michele Wolfe, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Billes, Viktor, Bincoletto, Claudia, Bingol, Baris, Bird, Sara W, Bitoun, Marc, Bjedov, Ivana, Blackstone, Craig, Blanc, Lionel, Blanco, Guillermo A, Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil, Boada-Romero, Emilio, Böckler, Stefan, Boes, Marianne, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boise, Lawrence H, Bolino, Alessandra, Boman, Andrea, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bordi, Matteo, Bosch, Jürgen, Botana, Luis M, Botti, Joelle, Bou, German, Bouché, Marina, Bouchecareilh, Marion, Boucher, Marie-Josée, Boulton, Michael E, Bouret, Sebastien G, Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, Bozhkov, Peter V, Brady, Nathan, Braga, Vania Mm, Brancolini, Claudio, Braus, Gerhard H, Bravo-San Pedro, José M, Brennan, Lisa A, Bresnick, Emery H, Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Brini, Marisa, Brito, Glauber C, Brodin, Bertha, Brookes, Paul S, Brown, Eric J, Brown, Karen, Broxmeyer, Hal E, Bruhat, Alain, Brum, Patricia Chakur, Brumell, John H, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, Alastair M, Budak, Hikmet, Bulavin, Dmitry V, Bultman, Scott J, Bultynck, Geert, Bumbasirevic, Vladimir, Burelle, Yan, Burke, Robert E, Burmeister, Margit, Bütikofer, Peter, Caberlotto, Laura, Cadwell, Ken, Cahova, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Qian, Calatayud, Sara, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Grant R, Campbell, Matthew, Campello, Silvia, Candau, Robin, Caniggia, Isabella, Cantoni, Lavinia, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B, Caraglia, Michele, Cardinali, Claudio, Cardoso, Sandra Morais, Carew, Jennifer S, Carleton, Laura A, Carlin, Cathleen R, Carloni, Silvia, Carlsson, Sven R, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia Am, Carnevali, Oliana, Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carroll, Bernadette, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassinelli, Giuliana, Castets, Perrine, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Cavallini, Gabriella, Ceccherini, Isabella, Cecconi, Francesco, Cederbaum, Arthur I, Ceña, Valentín, Cenci, Simone, Cerella, Claudia, Cervia, Davide, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei S, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, Edmond Yw, Chan, Matthew Tv, Chandra, Dhyan, Chandra, Pallavi, Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Chang, Ta Yuan, Chatham, John C, Chatterjee, Saurabh, Chauhan, Santosh, Che, Yongsheng, Cheetham, Michael E, Cheluvappa, Rajkumar, Chen, Chun-Jung, Chen, Gang, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guoqiang, Chen, Hongzhuan, Chen, Jeff W, Chen, Jian-Kang, Chen, Min, Chen, Mingzhou, Chen, Peiwen, Chen, Qi, Chen, Quan, Chen, Shang-Der, Chen, Si, Chen, Steve S-L, Chen, Wei-Jung, Chen, Wen Qiang, Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Yau-Hung, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yin, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongshun, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Yujie, Chen, Zhen, Chen, Zhong, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher Hk, Cheng, Hua, Cheong, Heesun, Cherry, Sara, Chesney, Jason, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Hsiang Cheng, Chi, Sung-Gil, Chiacchiera, Fulvio, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chieppa, Marcello, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiong, Mario, Chiu, Gigi Nc, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Cho, Ssang-Goo, Cho, William C, Cho, Yong-Yeon, Cho, Young-Seok, Choi, Augustine Mk, Choi, Eui-Ju, Choi, Eun-Kyoung, Choi, Jayoung, Choi, Mary E, Choi, Seung-Il, Chou, Tsui-Fen, Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chow, Kuan-Chih, Chowdhury, Kamal, Chu, Charleen T, Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chun, Taehoon, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Taijoon, Chung, Yuen-Li, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciechomska, Iwona A, Ciriolo, Maria Rosa, Cirone, Mara, Claerhout, Sofie, Clague, Michael J, Clària, Joan, Clarke, Peter Gh, Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Cleyrat, Cédric, Cnop, Miriam, Coccia, Eliana M, Cocco, Tiziana, Codogno, Patrice, Coers, Jörn, Cohen, Ezra Ew, Colecchia, David, Coletto, Luisa, Coll, Núria S, Colucci-Guyon, Emma, Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Cook, Katherine L, Coombs, Graham H, Cooper, Cynthia D, Cooper, J Mark, Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corazzari, Marco, Corbalan, Ramon, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, Cordero, Mario D, Corral-Ramos, Cristina, Corti, Olga, Cossarizza, Andrea, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Cotman, Susan L, Coto-Montes, Ana, Cottet, Sandra, Couve, Eduardo, Covey, Lori R, Cowart, L Ashley, Cox, Jeffery S, Coxon, Fraser P, Coyne, Carolyn B, Cragg, Mark S, Craven, Rolf J, Crepaldi, Tiziana, Crespo, Jose L, Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cruz, Maria Teresa, Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cuezva, Jose M, Cui, Taixing, Cutillas, Pedro R, Czaja, Mark J, Czyzyk-Krzeska, Maria F, Dagda, Ruben K, Dahmen, Uta, Dai, Chunsun, Dai, Wenjie, Dai, Yun, Dalby, Kevin N, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dalmasso, Guillaume, D'Amelio, Marcello, Damme, Markus, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Dargemont, Catherine, Darley-Usmar, Victor M, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasgupta, Biplab, Dash, Srikanta, Dass, Crispin R, Davey, Hazel Marie, Davids, Lester M, Dávila, David, Davis, Roger J, Dawson, Ted M, Dawson, Valina L, Daza, Paula, de Belleroche, Jackie, de Figueiredo, Paul, de Figueiredo, Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz, de la Fuente, José, De Martino, Luisa, De Matteis, Antonella, De Meyer, Guido Ry, De Milito, Angelo, De Santi, Mauro, de Souza, Wanderley, De Tata, Vincenzo, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, Dechant, Reinhard, Decuypere, Jean-Paul, Deegan, Shane, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Bello, Barbara, Del Re, Dominic P, Delage-Mourroux, Régis, Delbridge, Lea Md, Deldicque, Louise, Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Deng, Yizhen, Dengjel, Joern, Denizot, Melanie, Dent, Paul, Der, Channing J, Deretic, Vojo, Derrien, Benoît, Deutsch, Eric, Devarenne, Timothy P, Devenish, Rodney J, Di Bartolomeo, Sabrina, Di Daniele, Nicola, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Paola, Simone, Di Pietro, Antonio, Di Renzo, Livia, DiAntonio, Aaron, Díaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Ines, Diaz-Meco, Maria T, Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dickey, Chad A, Dickson, Robert C, Diederich, Marc, Digard, Paul, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithrama P, Ding, Chan, Ding, Wen-Xing, Ding, Zufeng, Dini, Luciana, Distler, Jörg Hw, Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dmytruk, Kostyantyn, Dobson, Renwick Cj, Doetsch, Volker, Dokladny, Karol, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, X Charlie, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zheng, Donohue, Terrence M, Doran, Kelly S, D'Orazi, Gabriella, Dorn, Gerald W, Dosenko, Victor, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Jie, Du, Li-Lin, Du, Lihuan, du Toit, André, Dua, Priyamvada, Duan, Lei, Duann, Pu, Dubey, Vikash Kumar, Duchen, Michael R, Duchosal, Michel A, Duez, Helene, Dugail, Isabelle, Dumit, Verónica I, Duncan, Mara C, Dunlop, Elaine A, Dunn, William A, Dupont, Nicolas, Dupuis, Luc, Durán, Raúl V, Durcan, Thomas M, Duvezin-Caubet, Stéphane, Duvvuri, Umamaheswar, Eapen, Vinay, Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, Echard, Arnaud, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles L, Edinger, Aimee L, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eisenberg, Tobias, Eisenberg-Lerner, Avital, Eissa, N Tony, El-Deiry, Wafik S, El-Khoury, Victoria, Elazar, Zvulun, Eldar-Finkelman, Hagit, Elliott, Chris 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Christian, Walker, Cheryl Lyn, Walker, Mark J, Walter, Jochen, Wan, Lei, Wan, Xiangbo, Wang, Bo, Wang, Caihong, Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chengshu, Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chuangui, Wang, Dong, Wang, Fen, Wang, Fuxin, Wang, Guanghui, Wang, Hai-Jie, Wang, Haichao, Wang, Hong-Gang, Wang, Hongmin, Wang, Horng-Dar, Wang, Jing, Wang, Junjun, Wang, Mei, Wang, Mei-Qing, Wang, Pei-Yu, Wang, Peng, Wang, Richard C, Wang, Shuo, Wang, Ting-Fang, Wang, Xian, Wang, Xiao-Jia, Wang, Xiao-Wei, Wang, Xin, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanming, Wang, Ying, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Yu, Wang, Yu Tian, Wang, Yuqing, Wang, Zhi-Nong, Wappner, Pablo, Ward, Carl, Ward, Diane McVey, Warnes, Gary, Watada, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Yoshihisa, Watase, Kei, Weaver, Timothy E, Weekes, Colin D, Wei, Jiwu, Weide, Thomas, Weihl, Conrad C, Weindl, Günther, Weis, Simone Nardin, Wen, Longping, Wen, Xin, Wen, Yunfei, Westermann, Benedikt, Weyand, Cornelia M, White, Anthony R, White, Eileen, Whitton, J Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander J, Wiels, Joëlle, Wild, Franziska, Wildenberg, Manon E, Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Deepti Srinivas, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Chris, Williams, Katherine, Williamson, Peter R, Winklhofer, Konstanze F, Witkin, Steven S, Wohlgemuth, Stephanie E, Wollert, Thomas, Wolvetang, Ernst J, Wong, Esther, Wong, G William, Wong, Richard W, Wong, Vincent Kam Wai, Woodcock, Elizabeth A, Wright, Karen L, Wu, Chunlai, Wu, Defeng, Wu, Gen Sheng, Wu, Jian, Wu, Junfang, Wu, Mian, Wu, Min, Wu, Shengzhou, Wu, William Kk, Wu, Yaohua, Wu, Zhenlong, Xavier, Cristina Pr, Xavier, Ramnik J, Xia, Gui-Xian, Xia, Tian, Xia, Weiliang, Xia, Yong, Xiao, Hengyi, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Shi, Xiao, Wuhan, Xie, Chuan-Ming, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria, Xiong, Yuyan, Xu, Chuanshan, Xu, Congfeng, Xu, Feng, Xu, Haoxing, Xu, Hongwei, Xu, Jian, Xu, Jianzhen, Xu, Jinxian, Xu, Liang, Xu, Xiaolei, Xu, Yangqing, Xu, Ye, Xu, Zhi-Xiang, Xu, Ziheng, Xue, Yu, Yamada, Takahiro, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamanaka, Koji, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yamashiro, Shigeko, Yan, Bing, Yan, Bo, Yan, Xianghua, Yan, Zhen, Yanagi, Yasuo, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Liu, Yang, Minghua, Yang, Pei-Ming, Yang, Peixin, Yang, Qian, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Xuesong, Yang, Yi, Yang, Ying, Yang, Zhifen, Yang, Zhihong, Yao, Meng-Chao, Yao, Pamela J, Yao, Xiaofeng, Yao, Zhenyu, Yao, Zhiyuan, Yasui, Linda S, Ye, Mingxiang, Yedvobnick, Barry, Yeganeh, Behzad, Yeh, Elizabeth S, Yeyati, Patricia L, Yi, Fan, Yi, Long, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yip, Calvin K, Yoo, Yeong-Min, Yoo, Young Hyun, Yoon, Seung-Yong, Yoshida, Ken-Ichi, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Young, Ken H, Yu, Huixin, Yu, Jane J, Yu, Jin-Tai, Yu, Jun, Yu, Li, Yu, W Haung, Yu, Xiao-Fang, Yu, Zhengping, Yuan, Junying, Yuan, Zhi-Min, Yue, Beatrice Yjt, Yue, Jianbo, Yue, Zhenyu, Zacks, David N, Zacksenhaus, Eldad, Zaffaroni, Nadia, Zaglia, Tania, Zakeri, Zahra, Zecchini, Vincent, Zeng, Jinsheng, Zeng, Min, Zeng, Qi, Zervos, Antonis S, Zhang, Donna D, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, 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Published
2016

84. MicroRNAs in Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Relationship to Growth and Matrix Remodelling.

Author

Ekman, Mari, Albinsson, Sebastian, Uvelius, Bengt, Swärd, Karl, Ekman, Mari, Albinsson, Sebastian, Uvelius, Bengt, and Swärd, Karl

Abstract

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are ~22 nucleotide RNAs that inhibit protein synthesis in a sequence-specific manner and are present in a range of species, has born hope of new therapeutic strategies. miRNAs play important roles in development "Development" of what??and disease, but they remain poorly studied in uropathologies beyond cancer. Here, we discuss biological functions of miRNAs in the lower urogenital tract. A special focus is on miRNAs that change in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). This is a condition that affects nearly one third of all men over 60 years and that involves growth and fibrosis of the urinary bladder. Animal models of BOO, such as that in rat, have been developed and they feature a massive 6-fold bladder growth over 6 weeks. Using microarrays, we have charted the miRNAs that change during the time-course of this process and identified several with important modulatory roles. We discuss known and predicted functions of miR-1, miR-29, miR-30, miR-132/212, miR-204 and miR-221, all of which change in BOO. The majority of the miRNA-mediated influences in BOO are expected to favour growth. We also outline evidence that miR-29 represents a key effector molecule in a generic response to mechanical distension that is designed to counteract exaggerated organ deformation via effects on matrix deposition and stiffness. We conclude that miRNAs play important roles in bladder remodelling and growth and that they may be targeted pharmacologically to combat diseases of the lower urinary tract. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

85. Elevated glucose levels promote contractile and cytoskeletal gene expression in vascular smooth muscle via Rho/protein kinase C and actin polymerization.

Author

Hien Tran, Thi, Turczynska, Karolina, Dahan, Diana, Ekman, Mari, Grossi, Mario, Sjögren, Johan, Nilsson, Johan, Braun, Thomas, Boettger, Thomas, Garcia Vaz, Eliana, Stenkula, Karin, Swärd, Karl, Gomez, Maria, Albinsson, Sebastian, Hien Tran, Thi, Turczynska, Karolina, Dahan, Diana, Ekman, Mari, Grossi, Mario, Sjögren, Johan, Nilsson, Johan, Braun, Thomas, Boettger, Thomas, Garcia Vaz, Eliana, Stenkula, Karin, Swärd, Karl, Gomez, Maria, and Albinsson, Sebastian

Abstract

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This is in part attributed to the effects of hyperglycemia on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In diabetic animal models, hyperglycemia results in hyper-contractility of vascular smooth muscle possibly due to increased activation of Rho-kinase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulation of contractile smooth muscle markers by glucose and to determine the signaling pathways that are activated by hyperglycemia in smooth muscle cells. Microarray, qPCR and western blot analyses revealed that both mRNA and protein expression of contractile smooth muscle markers was increased in isolated smooth muscle cells cultured under high compared to low glucose conditions. This effect was also observed in hyperglycemic Akita mice and in diabetic patients. Elevated glucose activated the protein kinase C and Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathways and stimulated actin polymerization. Glucose-induced expression of contractile smooth muscle markers in cultured cells could be partially or completely repressed by inhibitors of advanced glycation end products, L-type calcium channels, protein kinase C, Rho-kinase, actin polymerization and myocardin related transcription factors. Furthermore, genetic ablation of the miR-143/145 cluster prevented the effects of glucose on smooth muscle marker expression. In conclusion, these data demonstrate a possible link between hyperglycemia and vascular disease states associated with smooth muscle contractility.

Published
2016

91. Elevated Glucose Levels Promote Contractile and Cytoskeletal Gene Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle via Rho/Protein Kinase C and Actin Polymerization

Author

Hien, Tran Thi, primary, Turczyńska, Karolina M., additional, Dahan, Diana, additional, Ekman, Mari, additional, Grossi, Mario, additional, Sjögren, Johan, additional, Nilsson, Johan, additional, Braun, Thomas, additional, Boettger, Thomas, additional, Garcia-Vaz, Eliana, additional, Stenkula, Karin, additional, Swärd, Karl, additional, Gomez, Maria F., additional, and Albinsson, Sebastian, additional

Published
2016
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93. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Author

Klionsky, Daniel J, primary, Abdelmohsen, Kotb, additional, Abe, Akihisa, additional, Abedin, Md Joynal, additional, Abeliovich, Hagai, additional, Acevedo Arozena, Abraham, additional, Adachi, Hiroaki, additional, Adams, Christopher M, additional, Adams, Peter D, additional, Adeli, Khosrow, additional, Adhihetty, Peter J, additional, Adler, Sharon G, additional, Agam, Galila, additional, Agarwal, Rajesh, additional, Aghi, Manish K, additional, Agnello, Maria, additional, Agostinis, Patrizia, additional, Aguilar, Patricia V, additional, Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio, additional, Airoldi, Edoardo M, additional, Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, additional, Akematsu, Takahiko, additional, Akporiaye, Emmanuel T, additional, Al-Rubeai, Mohamed, additional, Albaiceta, Guillermo M, additional, Albanese, Chris, additional, Albani, Diego, additional, Albert, Matthew L, additional, Aldudo, Jesus, additional, Algül, Hana, additional, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, additional, Alloza, Iraide, additional, Almasan, Alexandru, additional, Almonte-Beceril, Maylin, additional, Alnemri, Emad S, additional, Alonso, Covadonga, additional, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, additional, Altieri, Dario C, additional, Alvarez, Silvia, additional, Alvarez-Erviti, Lydia, additional, Alves, Sandro, additional, Amadoro, Giuseppina, additional, Amano, Atsuo, additional, Amantini, Consuelo, additional, Ambrosio, Santiago, additional, Amelio, Ivano, additional, Amer, Amal O, additional, Amessou, Mohamed, additional, Amon, Angelika, additional, An, Zhenyi, additional, Anania, Frank A, additional, Andersen, Stig U, additional, Andley, Usha P, additional, Andreadi, Catherine K, additional, Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, additional, Anel, Alberto, additional, Ann, David K, additional, Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, additional, Antonioli, Manuela, additional, Aoki, Hiroshi, additional, Apostolova, Nadezda, additional, Aquila, Saveria, additional, Aquilano, Katia, additional, Araki, Koichi, additional, Arama, Eli, additional, Aranda, Agustin, additional, Araya, Jun, additional, Arcaro, Alexandre, additional, Arias, Esperanza, additional, Arimoto, Hirokazu, additional, Ariosa, Aileen R, additional, Armstrong, Jane L, additional, Arnould, Thierry, additional, Arsov, Ivica, additional, Asanuma, Katsuhiko, additional, Askanas, Valerie, additional, Asselin, Eric, additional, Atarashi, Ryuichiro, additional, Atherton, Sally S, additional, Atkin, Julie D, additional, Attardi, Laura D, additional, Auberger, Patrick, additional, Auburger, Georg, additional, Aurelian, Laure, additional, Autelli, Riccardo, additional, Avagliano, Laura, additional, Avantaggiati, Maria Laura, additional, Avrahami, Limor, additional, Awale, Suresh, additional, Azad, Neelam, additional, Bachetti, Tiziana, additional, Backer, Jonathan M, additional, Bae, Dong-Hun, additional, Bae, Jae-sung, additional, Bae, Ok-Nam, additional, Bae, Soo Han, additional, Baehrecke, Eric H, additional, Baek, Seung-Hoon, additional, Baghdiguian, Stephen, additional, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, additional, Bai, Hua, additional, Bai, Jie, additional, Bai, Xue-Yuan, additional, Bailly, Yannick, additional, Balaji, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy, additional, Balduini, Walter, additional, Ballabio, Andrea, additional, Balzan, Rena, additional, Banerjee, Rajkumar, additional, Bánhegyi, Gábor, additional, Bao, Haijun, additional, Barbeau, Benoit, additional, Barrachina, Maria D, additional, Barreiro, Esther, additional, Bartel, Bonnie, additional, Bartolomé, Alberto, additional, Bassham, Diane C, additional, Bassi, Maria Teresa, additional, Bast, Robert C, additional, Basu, Alakananda, additional, Batista, Maria Teresa, additional, Batoko, Henri, additional, Battino, Maurizio, additional, Bauckman, Kyle, additional, Baumgarner, Bradley L, additional, Bayer, K Ulrich, additional, Beale, Rupert, additional, Beaulieu, Jean-François, additional, Beck, George R., additional, Becker, Christoph, additional, Beckham, J David, additional, Bédard, Pierre-André, additional, Bednarski, Patrick J, additional, Begley, Thomas J, additional, Behl, Christian, additional, Behrends, Christian, additional, Behrens, Georg MN, additional, Behrns, Kevin E, additional, Bejarano, Eloy, additional, Belaid, Amine, additional, Belleudi, Francesca, additional, Bénard, Giovanni, additional, Berchem, Guy, additional, Bergamaschi, Daniele, additional, Bergami, Matteo, additional, Berkhout, Ben, additional, Berliocchi, Laura, additional, Bernard, Amélie, additional, Bernard, Monique, additional, Bernassola, Francesca, additional, Bertolotti, Anne, additional, Bess, Amanda S, additional, Besteiro, Sébastien, additional, Bettuzzi, Saverio, additional, Bhalla, Savita, additional, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, additional, Bhutia, Sujit K, additional, Biagosch, Caroline, additional, Bianchi, Michele Wolfe, additional, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, additional, Billes, Viktor, additional, Bincoletto, Claudia, additional, Bingol, Baris, additional, Bird, Sara W, additional, Bitoun, Marc, additional, Bjedov, Ivana, additional, Blackstone, Craig, additional, Blanc, Lionel, additional, Blanco, Guillermo A, additional, Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil, additional, Boada-Romero, Emilio, additional, Böckler, Stefan, additional, Boes, Marianne, additional, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, additional, Boise, Lawrence H, additional, Bolino, Alessandra, additional, Boman, Andrea, additional, Bonaldo, Paolo, additional, Bordi, Matteo, additional, Bosch, Jürgen, additional, Botana, Luis M, additional, Botti, Joelle, additional, Bou, German, additional, Bouché, Marina, additional, Bouchecareilh, Marion, additional, Boucher, Marie-Josée, additional, Boulton, Michael E, additional, Bouret, Sebastien G, additional, Boya, Patricia, additional, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaël, additional, Bozhkov, Peter V, additional, Brady, Nathan, additional, Braga, Vania MM, additional, Brancolini, Claudio, additional, Braus, Gerhard H, additional, Bravo-San Pedro, José M, additional, Brennan, Lisa A, additional, Bresnick, Emery H, additional, Brest, Patrick, additional, Bridges, Dave, additional, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, additional, Brini, Marisa, additional, Brito, Glauber C, additional, Brodin, Bertha, additional, Brookes, Paul S, additional, Brown, Eric J, additional, Brown, Karen, additional, Broxmeyer, Hal E, additional, Bruhat, Alain, additional, Brum, Patricia Chakur, additional, Brumell, John H, additional, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, additional, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J, additional, Buch, Shilpa, additional, Buchan, Alastair M, additional, Budak, Hikmet, additional, Bulavin, Dmitry V, additional, Bultman, Scott J, additional, Bultynck, Geert, additional, Bumbasirevic, Vladimir, additional, Burelle, Yan, additional, Burke, Robert E, additional, Burmeister, Margit, additional, Bütikofer, Peter, additional, Caberlotto, Laura, additional, Cadwell, Ken, additional, Cahova, Monika, additional, Cai, Dongsheng, additional, Cai, Jingjing, additional, Cai, Qian, additional, Calatayud, Sara, additional, Camougrand, Nadine, additional, Campanella, Michelangelo, additional, Campbell, Grant R, additional, Campbell, Matthew, additional, Campello, Silvia, additional, Candau, Robin, additional, Caniggia, Isabella, additional, Cantoni, Lavinia, additional, Cao, Lizhi, additional, Caplan, Allan B, additional, Caraglia, Michele, additional, Cardinali, Claudio, additional, Cardoso, Sandra Morais, additional, Carew, Jennifer S, additional, Carleton, Laura A, additional, Carlin, Cathleen R, additional, Carloni, Silvia, additional, Carlsson, Sven R, additional, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, additional, Carneiro, Leticia AM, additional, Carnevali, Oliana, additional, Carra, Serena, additional, Carrier, Alice, additional, Carroll, Bernadette, additional, Casas, Caty, additional, Casas, Josefina, additional, Cassinelli, Giuliana, additional, Castets, Perrine, additional, Castro-Obregon, Susana, additional, Cavallini, Gabriella, additional, Ceccherini, Isabella, additional, Cecconi, Francesco, additional, Cederbaum, Arthur I, additional, Ceña, Valentín, additional, Cenci, Simone, additional, Cerella, Claudia, additional, Cervia, Davide, additional, Cetrullo, Silvia, additional, Chaachouay, Hassan, additional, Chae, Han-Jung, additional, Chagin, Andrei S, additional, Chai, Chee-Yin, additional, Chakrabarti, Gopal, additional, Chamilos, Georgios, additional, Chan, Edmond YW, additional, Chan, Matthew TV, additional, Chandra, Dhyan, additional, Chandra, Pallavi, additional, Chang, Chih-Peng, additional, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, additional, Chang, Ta Yuan, additional, Chatham, John C, additional, Chatterjee, Saurabh, additional, Chauhan, Santosh, additional, Che, Yongsheng, additional, Cheetham, Michael E, additional, Cheluvappa, Rajkumar, additional, Chen, Chun-Jung, additional, Chen, Gang, additional, Chen, Guang-Chao, additional, Chen, Guoqiang, additional, Chen, Hongzhuan, additional, Chen, Jeff W, additional, Chen, Jian-Kang, additional, Chen, Min, additional, Chen, Mingzhou, additional, Chen, Peiwen, additional, Chen, Qi, additional, Chen, Quan, additional, Chen, Shang-Der, additional, Chen, Si, additional, Chen, Steve S-L, additional, Chen, Wei, additional, Chen, Wei-Jung, additional, Chen, Wen Qiang, additional, Chen, Wenli, additional, Chen, Xiangmei, additional, Chen, Yau-Hung, additional, Chen, Ye-Guang, additional, Chen, Yin, additional, Chen, Yingyu, additional, Chen, Yongshun, additional, Chen, Yu-Jen, additional, Chen, Yue-Qin, additional, Chen, Yujie, additional, Chen, Zhen, additional, Chen, Zhong, additional, Cheng, Alan, additional, Cheng, Christopher HK, additional, Cheng, Hua, additional, Cheong, Heesun, additional, Cherry, Sara, additional, Chesney, Jason, additional, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, additional, Chevet, Eric, additional, Chi, Hsiang Cheng, additional, Chi, Sung-Gil, additional, Chiacchiera, Fulvio, additional, Chiang, Hui-Ling, additional, Chiarelli, Roberto, additional, Chiariello, Mario, additional, Chieppa, Marcello, additional, Chin, Lih-Shen, additional, Chiong, Mario, additional, Chiu, Gigi NC, additional, Cho, Dong-Hyung, additional, Cho, Ssang-Goo, additional, Cho, William C, additional, Cho, Yong-Yeon, additional, Cho, Young-Seok, additional, Choi, Augustine MK, additional, Choi, Eui-Ju, additional, Choi, Eun-Kyoung, additional, Choi, Jayoung, additional, Choi, Mary E, additional, Choi, Seung-Il, additional, Chou, Tsui-Fen, additional, Chouaib, Salem, additional, Choubey, Divaker, additional, Choubey, Vinay, additional, Chow, Kuan-Chih, additional, Chowdhury, Kamal, additional, Chu, Charleen T, additional, Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, additional, Chun, Taehoon, additional, Chung, Hyewon, additional, Chung, Taijoon, additional, Chung, Yuen-Li, additional, Chwae, Yong-Joon, additional, Cianfanelli, Valentina, additional, Ciarcia, Roberto, additional, Ciechomska, Iwona A, additional, Ciriolo, Maria Rosa, additional, Cirone, Mara, additional, Claerhout, Sofie, additional, Clague, Michael J, additional, Clària, Joan, additional, Clarke, Peter GH, additional, Clarke, Robert, additional, Clementi, Emilio, additional, Cleyrat, Cédric, additional, Cnop, Miriam, additional, Coccia, Eliana M, additional, Cocco, Tiziana, additional, Codogno, Patrice, additional, Coers, Jörn, additional, Cohen, Ezra EW, additional, Colecchia, David, additional, Coletto, Luisa, additional, Coll, Núria S, additional, Colucci-Guyon, Emma, additional, Comincini, Sergio, additional, Condello, Maria, additional, Cook, Katherine L, additional, Coombs, Graham H, additional, Cooper, Cynthia D, additional, Cooper, J Mark, additional, Coppens, Isabelle, additional, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, additional, Corazzari, Marco, additional, Corbalan, Ramon, additional, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, additional, Cordero, Mario D, additional, Corral-Ramos, Cristina, additional, Corti, Olga, additional, Cossarizza, Andrea, additional, Costelli, Paola, additional, Costes, Safia, additional, Cotman, Susan L, additional, Coto-Montes, Ana, additional, Cottet, Sandra, additional, Couve, Eduardo, additional, Covey, Lori R, additional, Cowart, L Ashley, additional, Cox, Jeffery S, additional, Coxon, Fraser P, additional, Coyne, Carolyn B, additional, Cragg, Mark S, additional, Craven, Rolf J, additional, Crepaldi, Tiziana, additional, Crespo, Jose L, additional, Criollo, Alfredo, additional, Crippa, Valeria, additional, Cruz, Maria Teresa, additional, Cuervo, Ana Maria, additional, Cuezva, Jose M, additional, Cui, Taixing, additional, Cutillas, Pedro R, additional, Czaja, Mark J, additional, Czyzyk-Krzeska, Maria F, additional, Dagda, Ruben K, additional, Dahmen, Uta, additional, Dai, Chunsun, additional, Dai, Wenjie, additional, Dai, Yun, additional, Dalby, Kevin N, additional, Dalla Valle, Luisa, additional, Dalmasso, Guillaume, additional, D'Amelio, Marcello, additional, Damme, Markus, additional, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, additional, Dargemont, Catherine, additional, Darley-Usmar, Victor M, additional, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, additional, Dasgupta, Biplab, additional, Dash, Srikanta, additional, Dass, Crispin R, additional, Davey, Hazel Marie, additional, Davids, Lester M, additional, Dávila, David, additional, Davis, Roger J, additional, Dawson, Ted M, additional, Dawson, Valina L, additional, Daza, Paula, additional, de Belleroche, Jackie, additional, de Figueiredo, Paul, additional, de Figueiredo, Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz, additional, de la Fuente, José, additional, De Martino, Luisa, additional, De Matteis, Antonella, additional, De Meyer, Guido RY, additional, De Milito, Angelo, additional, De Santi, Mauro, additional, de Souza, Wanderley, additional, De Tata, Vincenzo, additional, De Zio, Daniela, additional, Debnath, Jayanta, additional, Dechant, Reinhard, additional, Decuypere, Jean-Paul, additional, Deegan, Shane, additional, Dehay, Benjamin, additional, Del Bello, Barbara, additional, Del Re, Dominic P, additional, Delage-Mourroux, Régis, additional, Delbridge, Lea MD, additional, Deldicque, Louise, additional, Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, additional, Deng, Yizhen, additional, Dengjel, Joern, additional, Denizot, Melanie, additional, Dent, Paul, additional, Der, Channing J, additional, Deretic, Vojo, additional, Derrien, Benoît, additional, Deutsch, Eric, additional, Devarenne, Timothy P, additional, Devenish, Rodney J, additional, Di Bartolomeo, Sabrina, additional, Di Daniele, Nicola, additional, Di Domenico, Fabio, additional, Di Nardo, Alessia, additional, Di Paola, Simone, additional, Di Pietro, Antonio, additional, Di Renzo, Livia, additional, DiAntonio, Aaron, additional, Díaz-Araya, Guillermo, additional, Díaz-Laviada, Ines, additional, Diaz-Meco, Maria T, additional, Diaz-Nido, Javier, additional, Dickey, Chad A, additional, Dickson, Robert C, additional, Diederich, Marc, additional, Digard, Paul, additional, Dikic, Ivan, additional, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithrama P, additional, Ding, Chan, additional, Ding, Wen-Xing, additional, Ding, Zufeng, additional, Dini, Luciana, additional, Distler, Jörg HW, additional, Diwan, Abhinav, additional, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, additional, Dmytruk, Kostyantyn, additional, Dobson, Renwick CJ, additional, Doetsch, Volker, additional, Dokladny, Karol, additional, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, additional, Donadelli, Massimo, additional, Dong, X Charlie, additional, Dong, Xiaonan, additional, Dong, Zheng, additional, Donohue, Terrence M, additional, Doran, Kelly S, additional, D'Orazi, Gabriella, additional, Dorn, Gerald W, additional, Dosenko, Victor, additional, Dridi, Sami, additional, Drucker, Liat, additional, Du, Jie, additional, Du, Li-Lin, additional, Du, Lihuan, additional, du Toit, André, additional, Dua, Priyamvada, additional, Duan, Lei, additional, Duann, Pu, additional, Dubey, Vikash Kumar, additional, Duchen, Michael R, additional, Duchosal, Michel A, additional, Duez, Helene, additional, Dugail, Isabelle, additional, Dumit, Verónica I, additional, Duncan, Mara C, additional, Dunlop, Elaine A, additional, Dunn, William A, additional, Dupont, Nicolas, additional, Dupuis, Luc, additional, Durán, Raúl V, additional, Durcan, Thomas M, additional, Duvezin-Caubet, Stéphane, additional, Duvvuri, Umamaheswar, additional, Eapen, Vinay, additional, Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, additional, Echard, Arnaud, additional, Eckhart, Leopold, additional, Edelstein, Charles L, additional, Edinger, Aimee L, additional, Eichinger, Ludwig, additional, Eisenberg, Tobias, additional, Eisenberg-Lerner, Avital, additional, Eissa, N Tony, additional, El-Deiry, Wafik S, additional, El-Khoury, Victoria, additional, Elazar, Zvulun, additional, Eldar-Finkelman, Hagit, additional, Elliott, Chris JH, additional, Emanuele, Enzo, additional, Emmenegger, Urban, additional, Engedal, Nikolai, additional, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, additional, Engelender, Simone, additional, Enserink, Jorrit M, additional, Erdmann, Ralf, additional, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, additional, Eri, Rajaraman, additional, Eriksen, Jason L, additional, Erman, Andreja, additional, Escalante, Ricardo, additional, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, additional, Espert, Lucile, additional, Esteban-Martínez, Lorena, additional, Evans, Thomas J, additional, Fabri, Mario, additional, Fabrias, Gemma, additional, Fabrizi, Cinzia, additional, Facchiano, Antonio, additional, Færgeman, Nils J, additional, Faggioni, Alberto, additional, Fairlie, W Douglas, additional, Fan, Chunhai, additional, Fan, Daping, additional, Fan, Jie, additional, Fang, Shengyun, additional, Fanto, Manolis, additional, Fanzani, Alessandro, additional, Farkas, Thomas, additional, Faure, Mathias, additional, Favier, Francois B, additional, Fearnhead, Howard, additional, Federici, Massimo, additional, Fei, Erkang, additional, Felizardo, Tania C, additional, Feng, Hua, additional, Feng, Yibin, additional, Feng, Yuchen, additional, Ferguson, Thomas A, additional, Fernández, Álvaro F, additional, Fernandez-Barrena, Maite G, additional, Fernandez-Checa, Jose C, additional, Fernández-López, Arsenio, additional, Fernandez-Zapico, Martin E, additional, Feron, Olivier, additional, Ferraro, Elisabetta, additional, Ferreira-Halder, Carmen Veríssima, additional, Fesus, Laszlo, additional, Feuer, Ralph, additional, Fiesel, Fabienne C, additional, Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo C, additional, Filomeni, Giuseppe, additional, Fimia, Gian Maria, additional, Fingert, John H, additional, Finkbeiner, Steven, additional, Finkel, Toren, additional, Fiorito, Filomena, additional, Fisher, Paul B, additional, Flajolet, Marc, additional, Flamigni, Flavio, additional, Florey, Oliver, additional, Florio, Salvatore, additional, Floto, R Andres, additional, Folini, Marco, additional, Follo, Carlo, additional, Fon, Edward A, additional, Fornai, Francesco, additional, Fortunato, Franco, additional, Fraldi, Alessandro, additional, Franco, Rodrigo, additional, Francois, Arnaud, additional, François, Aurélie, additional, Frankel, Lisa B, additional, Fraser, Iain DC, additional, Frey, Norbert, additional, Freyssenet, Damien G, additional, Frezza, Christian, additional, Friedman, Scott L, additional, Frigo, Daniel E, additional, Fu, Dongxu, additional, Fuentes, José M, additional, Fueyo, Juan, additional, Fujitani, Yoshio, additional, Fujiwara, Yuuki, additional, Fujiya, Mikihiro, additional, Fukuda, Mitsunori, additional, Fulda, Simone, additional, Fusco, Carmela, additional, Gabryel, Bozena, additional, Gaestel, Matthias, additional, Gailly, Philippe, additional, Gajewska, Malgorzata, additional, Galadari, Sehamuddin, additional, Galili, Gad, additional, Galindo, Inmaculada, additional, Galindo, Maria F, additional, Galliciotti, Giovanna, additional, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, additional, Galluzzi, Luca, additional, Galy, Vincent, additional, Gammoh, Noor, additional, Gandy, Sam, additional, Ganesan, Anand K, additional, Ganesan, Swamynathan, additional, Ganley, Ian G, additional, Gannagé, Monique, additional, Gao, Fen-Biao, additional, Gao, Feng, additional, Gao, Jian-Xin, additional, García Nannig, Lorena, additional, García Véscovi, Eleonora, additional, Garcia-Macía, Marina, additional, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, additional, Garg, Abhishek D, additional, Garg, Pramod Kumar, additional, Gargini, Ricardo, additional, Gassen, Nils Christian, additional, Gatica, Damián, additional, Gatti, Evelina, additional, Gavard, Julie, additional, Gavathiotis, Evripidis, additional, Ge, Liang, additional, Ge, Pengfei, additional, Ge, Shengfang, additional, Gean, Po-Wu, additional, Gelmetti, Vania, additional, Genazzani, Armando A, additional, Geng, Jiefei, additional, Genschik, Pascal, additional, Gerner, Lisa, additional, Gestwicki, Jason E, additional, Gewirtz, David A, additional, Ghavami, Saeid, additional, Ghigo, Eric, additional, Ghosh, Debabrata, additional, Giammarioli, Anna Maria, additional, Giampieri, Francesca, additional, Giampietri, Claudia, additional, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, additional, Gibbings, Derrick J, additional, Gibellini, Lara, additional, Gibson, Spencer B, additional, Ginet, Vanessa, additional, Giordano, Antonio, additional, Giorgini, Flaviano, additional, Giovannetti, Elisa, additional, Girardin, Stephen E, additional, Gispert, Suzana, additional, Giuliano, Sandy, additional, Gladson, Candece L, additional, Glavic, Alvaro, additional, Gleave, Martin, additional, Godefroy, Nelly, additional, Gogal, Robert M, additional, Gokulan, Kuppan, additional, Goldman, Gustavo H, additional, Goletti, Delia, additional, Goligorsky, Michael S, additional, Gomes, Aldrin V, additional, Gomes, Ligia C, additional, Gomez, Hernando, additional, Gomez-Manzano, Candelaria, additional, Gómez-Sánchez, Rubén, additional, Gonçalves, Dawit AP, additional, Goncu, Ebru, additional, Gong, Qingqiu, additional, Gongora, Céline, additional, Gonzalez, Carlos B, additional, Gonzalez-Alegre, Pedro, additional, Gonzalez-Cabo, Pilar, additional, González-Polo, Rosa Ana, additional, Goping, Ing Swie, additional, Gorbea, Carlos, additional, Gorbunov, Nikolai V, additional, Goring, Daphne R, additional, Gorman, Adrienne M, additional, Gorski, Sharon M, additional, Goruppi, Sandro, additional, Goto-Yamada, Shino, additional, Gotor, Cecilia, additional, Gottlieb, Roberta A, additional, Gozes, Illana, additional, Gozuacik, Devrim, additional, Graba, Yacine, additional, Graef, Martin, additional, Granato, Giovanna E, additional, Grant, Gary Dean, additional, Grant, Steven, additional, Gravina, Giovanni Luca, additional, Green, Douglas R, additional, Greenhough, Alexander, additional, Greenwood, Michael T, additional, Grimaldi, Benedetto, additional, Gros, Frédéric, additional, Grose, Charles, additional, Groulx, Jean-Francois, additional, Gruber, Florian, additional, Grumati, Paolo, additional, Grune, Tilman, additional, Guan, Jun-Lin, additional, Guan, Kun-Liang, additional, Guerra, Barbara, additional, Guillen, Carlos, additional, Gulshan, Kailash, additional, Gunst, Jan, additional, Guo, Chuanyong, additional, Guo, Lei, additional, Guo, Ming, additional, Guo, Wenjie, additional, Guo, Xu-Guang, additional, Gust, Andrea A, additional, Gustafsson, Åsa B, additional, Gutierrez, Elaine, additional, Gutierrez, Maximiliano G, additional, Gwak, Ho-Shin, additional, Haas, Albert, additional, Haber, James E, additional, Hadano, Shinji, additional, Hagedorn, Monica, additional, Hahn, David R, additional, Halayko, Andrew J, additional, Hamacher-Brady, Anne, additional, Hamada, Kozo, additional, Hamai, Ahmed, additional, Hamann, Andrea, additional, Hamasaki, Maho, additional, Hamer, Isabelle, additional, Hamid, Qutayba, additional, Hammond, Ester M, additional, Han, Feng, additional, Han, Weidong, additional, Handa, James T, additional, Hanover, John A, additional, Hansen, Malene, additional, Harada, Masaru, additional, Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica, additional, Harper, J Wade, additional, Harrath, Abdel Halim, additional, Harris, Adrian L, additional, Harris, James, additional, Hasler, Udo, additional, Hasselblatt, Peter, additional, Hasui, Kazuhisa, additional, Hawley, Robert G, additional, Hawley, Teresa S, additional, He, Congcong, additional, He, Cynthia Y, additional, He, Fengtian, additional, He, Gu, additional, He, Rong-Rong, additional, He, Xian-Hui, additional, He, You-Wen, additional, He, Yu-Ying, additional, Heath, Joan K, additional, Hébert, Marie-Josée, additional, Heinzen, Robert A, additional, Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir, additional, Hensel, Michael, additional, Henske, Elizabeth P, additional, Her, Chengtao, additional, Herman, Paul K, additional, Hernández, Agustín, additional, Hernandez, Carlos, additional, Hernández-Tiedra, Sonia, additional, Hetz, Claudio, additional, Hiesinger, P Robin, additional, Higaki, Katsumi, additional, Hilfiker, Sabine, additional, Hill, Bradford G, additional, Hill, Joseph A, additional, Hill, William D, additional, Hino, Keisuke, additional, Hofius, Daniel, additional, Hofman, Paul, additional, Höglinger, Günter U, additional, Höhfeld, Jörg, additional, Holz, Marina K, additional, Hong, Yonggeun, additional, Hood, David A, additional, Hoozemans, Jeroen JM, additional, Hoppe, Thorsten, additional, Hsu, Chin, additional, Hsu, Chin-Yuan, additional, Hsu, Li-Chung, additional, Hu, Dong, additional, Hu, Guochang, additional, Hu, Hong-Ming, additional, Hu, Hongbo, additional, Hu, Ming Chang, additional, Hu, Yu-Chen, additional, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, additional, Hua, Fang, additional, Hua, Ya, additional, Huang, Canhua, additional, Huang, Huey-Lan, additional, Huang, Kuo-How, additional, Huang, Kuo-Yang, additional, Huang, Shile, additional, Huang, Shiqian, additional, Huang, Wei-Pang, additional, Huang, Yi-Ran, additional, Huang, Yong, additional, Huang, Yunfei, additional, Huber, Tobias B, additional, Huebbe, Patricia, additional, Huh, Won-Ki, additional, Hulmi, Juha J, additional, Hur, Gang Min, additional, Hurley, James H, additional, Husak, Zvenyslava, additional, Hussain, Sabah NA, additional, Hussain, Salik, additional, Hwang, Jung Jin, additional, Hwang, Seungmin, additional, Hwang, Thomas IS, additional, Ichihara, Atsuhiro, additional, Imai, Yuzuru, additional, Imbriano, Carol, additional, Inomata, Megumi, additional, Into, Takeshi, additional, Iovane, Valentina, additional, Iovanna, Juan L, additional, Iozzo, Renato V, additional, Ip, Nancy Y, additional, Irazoqui, Javier E, additional, Iribarren, Pablo, additional, Isaka, Yoshitaka, additional, Isakovic, Aleksandra J, additional, Ischiropoulos, Harry, additional, Isenberg, Jeffrey S, additional, Ishaq, Mohammad, additional, Ishida, Hiroyuki, additional, Ishii, Isao, additional, Ishmael, Jane E, additional, Isidoro, Ciro, additional, Isobe, Ken-ichi, additional, Isono, Erika, additional, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, additional, Itahana, Koji, additional, Itakura, Eisuke, additional, Ivanov, Andrei I, additional, Iyer, Anand Krishnan V, additional, Izquierdo, José M, additional, Izumi, Yotaro, additional, Izzo, Valentina, additional, Jäättelä, Marja, additional, Jaber, Nadia, additional, Jackson, Daniel John, additional, Jackson, William T, additional, Jacob, Tony George, additional, Jacques, Thomas S, additional, Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, additional, Jain, Ashish, additional, Jana, Nihar Ranjan, additional, Jang, Byoung Kuk, additional, Jani, Alkesh, additional, Janji, Bassam, additional, Jannig, Paulo Roberto, additional, Jansson, Patric J, additional, Jean, Steve, additional, Jendrach, Marina, additional, Jeon, Ju-Hong, additional, Jessen, Niels, additional, Jeung, Eui-Bae, additional, Jia, Kailiang, additional, Jia, Lijun, additional, Jiang, Hong, additional, Jiang, Hongchi, additional, Jiang, Liwen, additional, Jiang, Teng, additional, Jiang, Xiaoyan, additional, Jiang, Xuejun, additional, Jiang, Ying, additional, Jiang, Yongjun, additional, Jiménez, Alberto, additional, Jin, Cheng, additional, Jin, Hongchuan, additional, Jin, Lei, additional, Jin, Meiyan, additional, Jin, Shengkan, additional, Jinwal, Umesh Kumar, additional, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, additional, Johansen, Terje, additional, Johnson, Daniel E, additional, Johnson, Gail VW, additional, Johnson, James D, additional, Jonasch, Eric, additional, Jones, Chris, additional, Joosten, Leo AB, additional, Jordan, Joaquin, additional, Joseph, Anna-Maria, additional, Joseph, Bertrand, additional, Joubert, Annie M, additional, Ju, Dianwen, additional, Ju, Jingfang, additional, Juan, Hsueh-Fen, additional, Juenemann, Katrin, additional, Juhász, Gábor, additional, Jung, Hye Seung, additional, Jung, Jae U, additional, Jung, Yong-Keun, additional, Jungbluth, Heinz, additional, Justice, Matthew J, additional, Jutten, Barry, additional, Kaakoush, Nadeem O, additional, Kaarniranta, Kai, additional, Kaasik, Allen, additional, Kabuta, Tomohiro, additional, Kaeffer, Bertrand, additional, Kågedal, Katarina, additional, Kahana, Alon, additional, Kajimura, Shingo, additional, Kakhlon, Or, additional, Kalia, Manjula, additional, Kalvakolanu, Dhan V, additional, Kamada, Yoshiaki, additional, Kambas, Konstantinos, additional, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O, additional, Kampinga, Harm H, additional, Kandouz, Mustapha, additional, Kang, Chanhee, additional, Kang, Rui, additional, Kang, Tae-Cheon, additional, Kanki, Tomotake, additional, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, additional, Kanno, Haruo, additional, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G, additional, Kantorow, Marc, additional, Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria, additional, Kapuy, Orsolya, additional, Karantza, Vassiliki, additional, Karim, Md Razaul, additional, Karmakar, Parimal, additional, Kaser, Arthur, additional, Kaushik, Susmita, additional, Kawula, Thomas, additional, Kaynar, A Murat, additional, Ke, Po-Yuan, additional, Ke, Zun-Ji, additional, Kehrl, John H, additional, Keller, Kate E, additional, Kemper, Jongsook Kim, additional, Kenworthy, Anne K, additional, Kepp, Oliver, additional, Kern, Andreas, additional, Kesari, Santosh, additional, Kessel, David, additional, Ketteler, Robin, additional, Kettelhut, Isis do Carmo, additional, Khambu, Bilon, additional, Khan, Muzamil Majid, additional, Khandelwal, Vinoth KM, additional, Khare, Sangeeta, additional, Kiang, Juliann G, additional, Kiger, Amy A, additional, Kihara, Akio, additional, Kim, Arianna L, additional, Kim, Cheol Hyeon, additional, Kim, Deok Ryong, additional, Kim, Do-Hyung, additional, Kim, Eung Kweon, additional, Kim, Hye Young, additional, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, additional, Kim, Jae-Sung, additional, Kim, Jeong Hun, additional, Kim, Jin Cheon, additional, Kim, Jin Hyoung, additional, Kim, Kwang Woon, additional, Kim, Michael D, additional, Kim, Moon-Moo, additional, Kim, Peter K, additional, Kim, Seong Who, additional, Kim, Soo-Youl, additional, Kim, Yong-Sun, additional, Kim, Yonghyun, additional, Kimchi, Adi, additional, Kimmelman, Alec C, additional, Kimura, Tomonori, additional, King, Jason S, additional, Kirkegaard, Karla, additional, Kirkin, Vladimir, additional, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A, additional, Kishi, Shuji, additional, Kitajima, Yasuo, additional, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, additional, Kitaoka, Yasushi, additional, Kitazato, Kaio, additional, Kley, Rudolf A, additional, Klimecki, Walter T, additional, Klinkenberg, Michael, additional, Klucken, Jochen, additional, Knævelsrud, Helene, additional, Knecht, Erwin, additional, Knuppertz, Laura, additional, Ko, Jiunn-Liang, additional, Kobayashi, Satoru, additional, Koch, Jan C, additional, Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Christelle, additional, Koenig, Ulrich, additional, Koh, Young Ho, additional, Köhler, Katja, additional, Kohlwein, Sepp D, additional, Koike, Masato, additional, Komatsu, Masaaki, additional, Kominami, Eiki, additional, Kong, Dexin, additional, Kong, Hee Jeong, additional, Konstantakou, Eumorphia G, additional, Kopp, Benjamin T, additional, Korcsmaros, Tamas, additional, Korhonen, Laura, additional, Korolchuk, Viktor I, additional, Koshkina, Nadya V, additional, Kou, Yanjun, additional, Koukourakis, Michael I, additional, Koumenis, Constantinos, additional, Kovács, Attila L, additional, Kovács, Tibor, additional, Kovacs, Werner J, additional, Koya, Daisuke, additional, Kraft, Claudine, additional, Krainc, Dimitri, additional, Kramer, Helmut, additional, Kravic-Stevovic, Tamara, additional, Krek, Wilhelm, additional, Kretz-Remy, Carole, additional, Krick, Roswitha, additional, Krishnamurthy, Malathi, additional, Kriston-Vizi, Janos, additional, Kroemer, Guido, additional, Kruer, Michael C, additional, Kruger, Rejko, additional, Ktistakis, Nicholas T, additional, Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki, additional, Kuhn, Christian, additional, Kumar, Addanki Pratap, additional, Kumar, Anuj, additional, Kumar, Ashok, additional, Kumar, Deepak, additional, Kumar, Dhiraj, additional, Kumar, Rakesh, additional, Kumar, Sharad, additional, Kundu, Mondira, additional, Kung, Hsing-Jien, additional, Kuno, Atsushi, additional, Kuo, Sheng-Han, additional, Kuret, Jeff, additional, Kurz, Tino, additional, Kwok, Terry, additional, Kwon, Taeg Kyu, additional, Kwon, Yong Tae, additional, Kyrmizi, Irene, additional, La Spada, Albert R, additional, Lafont, Frank, additional, Lahm, Tim, additional, Lakkaraju, Aparna, additional, Lam, Truong, additional, Lamark, Trond, additional, Lancel, Steve, additional, Landowski, Terry H, additional, Lane, Darius JR, additional, Lane, Jon D, additional, Lanzi, Cinzia, additional, Lapaquette, Pierre, additional, Lapierre, Louis R, additional, Laporte, Jocelyn, additional, Laukkarinen, Johanna, additional, Laurie, Gordon W, additional, Lavandero, Sergio, additional, Lavie, Lena, additional, LaVoie, Matthew J, additional, Law, Betty Yuen Kwan, additional, Law, Helen Ka-wai, additional, Law, Kelsey B, additional, Layfield, Robert, additional, Lazo, Pedro A, additional, Le Cam, Laurent, additional, Le Roch, Karine G, additional, Le Stunff, Hervé, additional, Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra, additional, Lecuit, Marc, additional, Lee, Byung-Hoon, additional, Lee, Che-Hsin, additional, Lee, Erinna F, additional, Lee, Gyun Min, additional, Lee, He-Jin, additional, Lee, Hsinyu, additional, Lee, Jae Keun, additional, Lee, Jongdae, additional, Lee, Ju-hyun, additional, Lee, Jun Hee, additional, Lee, Michael, additional, Lee, Myung-Shik, additional, Lee, Patty J, additional, Lee, Sam W, additional, Lee, Seung-Jae, additional, Lee, Shiow-Ju, additional, Lee, Stella Y, additional, Lee, Sug Hyung, additional, Lee, Sung Sik, additional, Lee, Sung-Joon, additional, Lee, Sunhee, additional, Lee, Ying-Ray, additional, Lee, Yong J, additional, Lee, Young H, additional, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, additional, Lefort, Sylvain, additional, Legouis, Renaud, additional, Lei, Jinzhi, additional, Lei, Qun-Ying, additional, Leib, David A, additional, Leibowitz, Gil, additional, Lekli, Istvan, additional, Lemaire, Stéphane D, additional, Lemasters, John J, additional, Lemberg, Marius K, additional, Lemoine, Antoinette, additional, Leng, Shuilong, additional, Lenz, Guido, additional, Lenzi, Paola, additional, Lerman, Lilach O, additional, Lettieri Barbato, Daniele, additional, Leu, Julia I-Ju, additional, Leung, Hing Y, additional, Levine, Beth, additional, Lewis, Patrick A, additional, Lezoualc'h, Frank, additional, Li, Chi, additional, Li, Faqiang, additional, Li, Feng-Jun, additional, Li, Jun, additional, Li, Ke, additional, Li, Lian, additional, Li, Min, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Li, Rui, additional, Li, Sheng, additional, Li, Wei, additional, Li, Xiaotao, additional, Li, Yumin, additional, Lian, Jiqin, additional, Liang, Chengyu, additional, Liang, Qiangrong, additional, Liao, Yulin, additional, Liberal, Joana, additional, Liberski, Pawel P, additional, Lie, Pearl, additional, Lieberman, Andrew P, additional, Lim, Hyunjung Jade, additional, Lim, Kah-Leong, additional, Lim, Kyu, additional, Lima, Raquel T, additional, Lin, Chang-Shen, additional, Lin, Chiou-Feng, additional, Lin, Fang, additional, Lin, Fangming, additional, Lin, Fu-Cheng, additional, Lin, Kui, additional, Lin, Kwang-Huei, additional, Lin, Pei-Hui, additional, Lin, Tianwei, additional, Lin, Wan-Wan, additional, Lin, Yee-Shin, additional, Lin, Yong, additional, Linden, Rafael, additional, Lindholm, Dan, additional, Lindqvist, Lisa M, additional, Lingor, Paul, additional, Linkermann, Andreas, additional, Liotta, Lance A, additional, Lipinski, Marta M, additional, Lira, Vitor A, additional, Lisanti, Michael P, additional, Liton, Paloma B, additional, Liu, Bo, additional, Liu, Chong, additional, Liu, Chun-Feng, additional, Liu, Fei, additional, Liu, Hung-Jen, additional, Liu, Jianxun, additional, Liu, Jing-Jing, additional, Liu, Jing-Lan, additional, Liu, Ke, additional, Liu, Leyuan, additional, Liu, Liang, additional, Liu, Quentin, additional, Liu, Rong-Yu, additional, Liu, Shiming, additional, Liu, Shuwen, additional, Liu, Wei, additional, Liu, Xian-De, additional, Liu, Xiangguo, additional, Liu, Xiao-Hong, additional, Liu, Xinfeng, additional, Liu, Xu, additional, Liu, Xueqin, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Liu, Yule, additional, Liu, Zexian, additional, Liu, Zhe, additional, Liuzzi, Juan P, additional, Lizard, Gérard, additional, Ljujic, Mila, additional, Lodhi, Irfan J, additional, Logue, Susan E, additional, Lokeshwar, Bal L, additional, Long, Yun Chau, additional, Lonial, Sagar, additional, Loos, Benjamin, additional, López-Otín, Carlos, additional, López-Vicario, Cristina, additional, Lorente, Mar, additional, Lorenzi, Philip L, additional, Lõrincz, Péter, additional, Los, Marek, additional, Lotze, Michael T, additional, Lovat, Penny E, additional, Lu, Binfeng, additional, Lu, Bo, additional, Lu, Jiahong, additional, Lu, Qing, additional, Lu, She-Min, additional, Lu, Shuyan, additional, Lu, Yingying, additional, Luciano, Frédéric, additional, Luckhart, Shirley, additional, Lucocq, John Milton, additional, Ludovico, Paula, additional, Lugea, Aurelia, additional, Lukacs, Nicholas W, additional, Lum, Julian J, additional, Lund, Anders H, additional, Luo, Honglin, additional, Luo, Jia, additional, Luo, Shouqing, additional, Luparello, Claudio, additional, Lyons, Timothy, additional, Ma, Jianjie, additional, Ma, Yi, additional, Ma, Yong, additional, Ma, Zhenyi, additional, Machado, Juliano, additional, Machado-Santelli, Glaucia M, additional, Macian, Fernando, additional, MacIntosh, Gustavo C, additional, MacKeigan, Jeffrey P, additional, Macleod, Kay F, additional, MacMicking, John D, additional, MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann, additional, Madeo, Frank, additional, Madesh, Muniswamy, additional, Madrigal-Matute, Julio, additional, Maeda, Akiko, additional, Maeda, Tatsuya, additional, Maegawa, Gustavo, additional, Maellaro, Emilia, additional, Maes, Hannelore, additional, Magariños, Marta, additional, Maiese, Kenneth, additional, Maiti, Tapas K, additional, Maiuri, Luigi, additional, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, additional, Maki, Carl G, additional, Malli, Roland, additional, Malorni, Walter, additional, Maloyan, Alina, additional, Mami-Chouaib, Fathia, additional, Man, Na, additional, Mancias, Joseph D, additional, Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, additional, Mandell, Michael A, additional, Manfredi, Angelo A, additional, Manié, Serge N, additional, Manzoni, Claudia, additional, Mao, Kai, additional, Mao, Zixu, additional, Mao, Zong-Wan, additional, Marambaud, Philippe, additional, Marconi, Anna Maria, additional, Marelja, Zvonimir, additional, Marfe, Gabriella, additional, Margeta, Marta, additional, Margittai, Eva, additional, Mari, Muriel, additional, Mariani, Francesca V, additional, Marin, Concepcio, additional, Marinelli, Sara, additional, Mariño, Guillermo, additional, Markovic, Ivanka, additional, Marquez, Rebecca, additional, Martelli, Alberto M, additional, Martens, Sascha, additional, Martin, Katie R, additional, Martin, Seamus J, additional, Martin, Shaun, additional, Martin-Acebes, Miguel A, additional, Martín-Sanz, Paloma, additional, Martinand-Mari, Camille, additional, Martinet, Wim, additional, Martinez, Jennifer, additional, Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, additional, Martinez-Outschoorn, Ubaldo, additional, Martínez-Velázquez, Moisés, additional, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, additional, Martins, Waleska Kerllen, additional, Mashima, Hirosato, additional, Mastrianni, James A, additional, Matarese, Giuseppe, additional, Matarrese, Paola, additional, Mateo, Roberto, additional, Matoba, Satoaki, additional, Matsumoto, Naomichi, additional, Matsushita, Takehiko, additional, Matsuura, Akira, additional, Matsuzawa, Takeshi, additional, Mattson, Mark P, additional, Matus, Soledad, additional, Maugeri, Norma, additional, Mauvezin, Caroline, additional, Mayer, Andreas, additional, Maysinger, Dusica, additional, Mazzolini, Guillermo D, additional, McBrayer, Mary Kate, additional, McCall, Kimberly, additional, McCormick, Craig, additional, McInerney, Gerald M, additional, McIver, Skye C, additional, McKenna, Sharon, additional, McMahon, John J, additional, McNeish, Iain A, additional, Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima, additional, Medema, Jan Paul, additional, Medina, Diego L, additional, Megyeri, Klara, additional, Mehrpour, Maryam, additional, Mehta, Jawahar L, additional, Mei, Yide, additional, Meier, Ute-Christiane, additional, Meijer, Alfred J, additional, Meléndez, Alicia, additional, Melino, Gerry, additional, Melino, Sonia, additional, de Melo, Edesio Jose Tenorio, additional, Mena, Maria A, additional, Meneghini, Marc D, additional, Menendez, Javier A, additional, Menezes, Regina, additional, Meng, Liesu, additional, Meng, Ling-hua, additional, Meng, Songshu, additional, Menghini, Rossella, additional, Menko, A Sue, additional, Menna-Barreto, Rubem FS, additional, Menon, Manoj B, additional, Meraz-Ríos, Marco A, additional, Merla, Giuseppe, additional, Merlini, Luciano, additional, Merlot, Angelica M, additional, Meryk, Andreas, additional, Meschini, Stefania, additional, Meyer, Joel N, additional, Mi, Man-tian, additional, Miao, Chao-Yu, additional, Micale, Lucia, additional, Michaeli, Simon, additional, Michiels, Carine, additional, Migliaccio, Anna Rita, additional, Mihailidou, Anastasia Susie, additional, Mijaljica, Dalibor, additional, Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko, additional, Milan, Enrico, additional, Miller-Fleming, Leonor, additional, Mills, Gordon B, additional, Mills, Ian G, additional, Minakaki, Georgia, additional, Minassian, Berge A, additional, Ming, Xiu-Fen, additional, Minibayeva, Farida, additional, Minina, Elena A, additional, Mintern, Justine D, additional, Minucci, Saverio, additional, Miranda-Vizuete, Antonio, additional, Mitchell, Claire H, additional, Miyamoto, Shigeki, additional, Miyazawa, Keisuke, additional, Mizushima, Noboru, additional, Mnich, Katarzyna, additional, Mograbi, Baharia, additional, Mohseni, Simin, additional, Moita, Luis Ferreira, additional, Molinari, Marco, additional, Molinari, Maurizio, additional, Møller, Andreas Buch, additional, Mollereau, Bertrand, additional, Mollinedo, Faustino, additional, Mongillo, Marco, additional, Monick, Martha M, additional, Montagnaro, Serena, additional, Montell, Craig, additional, Moore, Darren J, additional, Moore, Michael N, additional, Mora-Rodriguez, Rodrigo, additional, Moreira, Paula I, additional, Morel, Etienne, additional, Morelli, Maria Beatrice, additional, Moreno, Sandra, additional, Morgan, Michael J, additional, Moris, Arnaud, additional, Moriyasu, Yuji, additional, Morrison, Janna L, additional, Morrison, Lynda A, additional, Morselli, Eugenia, additional, Moscat, Jorge, additional, Moseley, Pope L, additional, Mostowy, Serge, additional, Motori, Elisa, additional, Mottet, Denis, additional, Mottram, Jeremy C, additional, Moussa, Charbel E-H, additional, Mpakou, Vassiliki E, additional, Mukhtar, Hasan, additional, Mulcahy Levy, Jean M, additional, Muller, Sylviane, additional, Muñoz-Moreno, Raquel, additional, Muñoz-Pinedo, Cristina, additional, Münz, Christian, additional, Murphy, Maureen E, additional, Murray, James T, additional, Murthy, Aditya, additional, Mysorekar, Indira U, additional, Nabi, Ivan R, additional, Nabissi, Massimo, additional, Nader, Gustavo A, additional, Nagahara, Yukitoshi, additional, Nagai, Yoshitaka, additional, Nagata, Kazuhiro, additional, Nagelkerke, Anika, additional, Nagy, Péter, additional, Naidu, Samisubbu R, additional, Nair, Sreejayan, additional, Nakano, Hiroyasu, additional, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, additional, Nanjundan, Meera, additional, Napolitano, Gennaro, additional, Naqvi, Naweed I, additional, Nardacci, Roberta, additional, Narendra, Derek P, additional, Narita, Masashi, additional, Nascimbeni, Anna Chiara, additional, Natarajan, Ramesh, additional, Navegantes, Luiz C, additional, Nawrocki, Steffan T, additional, Nazarko, Taras Y, additional, Nazarko, Volodymyr Y, additional, Neill, Thomas, additional, Neri, Luca M, additional, Netea, Mihai G, additional, Netea-Maier, Romana T, additional, Neves, Bruno M, additional, Ney, Paul A, additional, Nezis, Ioannis P, additional, Nguyen, Hang TT, additional, Nguyen, Huu Phuc, additional, Nicot, Anne-Sophie, additional, Nilsen, Hilde, additional, Nilsson, Per, additional, Nishimura, Mikio, additional, Nishino, Ichizo, additional, Niso-Santano, Mireia, additional, Niu, Hua, additional, Nixon, Ralph A, additional, Njar, Vincent CO, additional, Noda, Takeshi, additional, Noegel, Angelika A, additional, Nolte, Elsie Magdalena, additional, Norberg, Erik, additional, Norga, Koenraad K, additional, Noureini, Sakineh Kazemi, additional, Notomi, Shoji, additional, Notterpek, Lucia, additional, Nowikovsky, Karin, additional, Nukina, Nobuyuki, additional, Nürnberger, Thorsten, additional, O'Donnell, Valerie B, additional, O'Donovan, Tracey, additional, O'Dwyer, Peter J, additional, Oehme, Ina, additional, Oeste, Clara L, additional, Ogawa, Michinaga, additional, Ogretmen, Besim, additional, Ogura, Yuji, additional, Oh, Young J, additional, Ohmuraya, Masaki, additional, Ohshima, Takayuki, additional, Ojha, Rani, additional, Okamoto, Koji, additional, Okazaki, Toshiro, additional, Oliver, F Javier, additional, Ollinger, Karin, additional, Olsson, Stefan, additional, Orban, Daniel P, additional, Ordonez, Paulina, additional, Orhon, Idil, additional, Orosz, Laszlo, additional, O'Rourke, Eyleen J, additional, Orozco, Helena, additional, Ortega, Angel L, additional, Ortona, Elena, additional, Osellame, Laura D, additional, Oshima, Junko, additional, Oshima, Shigeru, additional, Osiewacz, Heinz D, additional, Otomo, Takanobu, additional, Otsu, Kinya, additional, Ou, Jing-hsiung James, additional, Outeiro, Tiago F, additional, Ouyang, Dong-yun, additional, Ouyang, Hongjiao, additional, Overholtzer, Michael, additional, Ozbun, Michelle A, additional, Ozdinler, P Hande, additional, Ozpolat, Bulent, additional, Pacelli, Consiglia, additional, Paganetti, Paolo, additional, Page, Guylène, additional, Pages, Gilles, additional, Pagnini, Ugo, additional, Pajak, Beata, additional, Pak, Stephen C, additional, Pakos-Zebrucka, Karolina, additional, Pakpour, Nazzy, additional, Palková, Zdena, additional, Palladino, Francesca, additional, Pallauf, Kathrin, additional, Pallet, Nicolas, additional, Palmieri, Marta, additional, Paludan, Søren R, additional, Palumbo, Camilla, additional, Palumbo, Silvia, additional, Pampliega, Olatz, additional, Pan, Hongming, additional, Pan, Wei, additional, Panaretakis, Theocharis, additional, Pandey, Aseem, additional, Pantazopoulou, Areti, additional, Papackova, Zuzana, additional, Papademetrio, Daniela L, additional, Papassideri, Issidora, additional, Papini, Alessio, additional, Parajuli, Nirmala, additional, Pardo, Julian, additional, Parekh, Vrajesh V, additional, Parenti, Giancarlo, additional, Park, Jong-In, additional, Park, Junsoo, additional, Park, Ohkmae K, additional, Parker, Roy, additional, Parlato, Rosanna, additional, Parys, Jan B, additional, Parzych, Katherine R, additional, Pasquet, Jean-Max, additional, Pasquier, Benoit, additional, Pasumarthi, Kishore BS, additional, Patschan, Daniel, additional, Patterson, Cam, additional, Pattingre, Sophie, additional, Pattison, Scott, additional, Pause, Arnim, additional, Pavenstädt, Hermann, additional, Pavone, Flaminia, additional, Pedrozo, Zully, additional, Peña, Fernando J, additional, Peñalva, Miguel A, additional, Pende, Mario, additional, Peng, Jianxin, additional, Penna, Fabio, additional, Penninger, Josef M, additional, Pensalfini, Anna, additional, Pepe, Salvatore, additional, Pereira, Gustavo JS, additional, Pereira, Paulo C, additional, Pérez-de la Cruz, Verónica, additional, Pérez-Pérez, María Esther, additional, Pérez-Rodríguez, Diego, additional, Pérez-Sala, Dolores, additional, Perier, Celine, additional, Perl, Andras, additional, Perlmutter, David H, additional, Perrotta, Ida, additional, Pervaiz, Shazib, additional, Pesonen, Maija, additional, Pessin, Jeffrey E, additional, Peters, Godefridus J, additional, Petersen, Morten, additional, Petrache, Irina, additional, Petrof, Basil J, additional, Petrovski, Goran, additional, Phang, James M, additional, Piacentini, Mauro, additional, Pierdominici, Marina, additional, Pierre, Philippe, additional, Pierrefite-Carle, Valérie, additional, Pietrocola, Federico, additional, Pimentel-Muiños, Felipe X, additional, Pinar, Mario, additional, Pineda, Benjamin, additional, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, additional, Pinti, Marcello, additional, Pinton, Paolo, additional, Piperdi, Bilal, additional, Piret, James M, additional, Platanias, Leonidas C, additional, Platta, Harald W, additional, Plowey, Edward D, additional, Pöggeler, Stefanie, additional, Poirot, Marc, additional, Polčic, Peter, additional, Poletti, Angelo, additional, Poon, Audrey H, additional, Popelka, Hana, additional, Popova, Blagovesta, additional, Poprawa, Izabela, additional, Poulose, Shibu M, additional, Poulton, Joanna, additional, Powers, Scott K, additional, Powers, Ted, additional, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes, additional, Prak, Krisna, additional, Prange, Reinhild, additional, Prescott, Mark, additional, Priault, Muriel, additional, Prince, Sharon, additional, Proia, Richard L, additional, Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, additional, Prokisch, Holger, additional, Promponas, Vasilis J, additional, Przyklenk, Karin, additional, Puertollano, Rosa, additional, Pugazhenthi, Subbiah, additional, Puglielli, Luigi, additional, Pujol, Aurora, additional, Puyal, Julien, additional, Pyeon, Dohun, additional, Qi, Xin, additional, Qian, Wen-bin, additional, Qin, Zheng-Hong, additional, Qiu, Yu, additional, Qu, Ziwei, additional, Quadrilatero, Joe, additional, Quinn, Frederick, additional, Raben, Nina, additional, Rabinowich, Hannah, additional, Radogna, Flavia, additional, Ragusa, Michael J, additional, Rahmani, Mohamed, additional, Raina, Komal, additional, Ramanadham, Sasanka, additional, Ramesh, Rajagopal, additional, Rami, Abdelhaq, additional, Randall-Demllo, Sarron, additional, Randow, Felix, additional, Rao, Hai, additional, Rao, V Ashutosh, additional, Rasmussen, Blake B, additional, Rasse, Tobias M, additional, Ratovitski, Edward A, additional, Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel, additional, Ray, Swapan K, additional, Razani, Babak, additional, Reed, Bruce H, additional, Reggiori, Fulvio, additional, Rehm, Markus, additional, Reichert, Andreas S, additional, Rein, Theo, additional, Reiner, David J, additional, Reits, Eric, additional, Ren, Jun, additional, Ren, Xingcong, additional, Renna, Maurizio, additional, Reusch, Jane EB, additional, Revuelta, Jose L, additional, Reyes, Leticia, additional, Rezaie, Alireza R, additional, Richards, Robert I, additional, Richardson, Des R, additional, Richetta, Clémence, additional, Riehle, Michael A, additional, Rihn, Bertrand H, additional, Rikihisa, Yasuko, additional, Riley, Brigit E, additional, Rimbach, Gerald, additional, Rippo, Maria Rita, additional, Ritis, Konstantinos, additional, Rizzi, Federica, additional, Rizzo, Elizete, additional, Roach, Peter J, additional, Robbins, Jeffrey, additional, Roberge, Michel, additional, Roca, Gabriela, additional, Roccheri, Maria Carmela, additional, Rocha, Sonia, additional, Rodrigues, Cecilia MP, additional, Rodríguez, Clara I, additional, de Cordoba, Santiago Rodriguez, additional, Rodriguez-Muela, Natalia, additional, Roelofs, Jeroen, additional, Rogov, Vladimir V, additional, Rohn, Troy T, additional, Rohrer, Bärbel, additional, Romanelli, Davide, additional, Romani, Luigina, additional, Romano, Patricia Silvia, additional, Roncero, M Isabel G, additional, Rosa, Jose Luis, additional, Rosello, Alicia, additional, Rosen, Kirill V, additional, Rosenstiel, Philip, additional, Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena, additional, Roth, Kevin A, additional, Roué, Gael, additional, Rouis, Mustapha, additional, Rouschop, Kasper M, additional, Ruan, Daniel T, additional, Ruano, Diego, additional, Rubinsztein, David C, additional, Rucker, Edmund B, additional, Rudich, Assaf, additional, Rudolf, Emil, additional, Rudolf, Ruediger, additional, Ruegg, Markus A, additional, Ruiz-Roldan, Carmen, additional, Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok, additional, Rusmini, Paola, additional, Russ, David W, additional, Russo, Gian Luigi, additional, Russo, Giuseppe, additional, Russo, Rossella, additional, Rusten, Tor Erik, additional, Ryabovol, Victoria, additional, Ryan, Kevin M, additional, Ryter, Stefan W, additional, Sabatini, David M, additional, Sacher, Michael, additional, Sachse, Carsten, additional, Sack, Michael N, additional, Sadoshima, Junichi, additional, Saftig, Paul, additional, Sagi-Eisenberg, Ronit, additional, Sahni, Sumit, additional, Saikumar, Pothana, additional, Saito, Tsunenori, additional, Saitoh, Tatsuya, additional, Sakakura, Koichi, additional, Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Machiko, additional, Sakuraba, Yasuhito, additional, Salazar-Roa, María, additional, Salomoni, Paolo, additional, Saluja, Ashok K, additional, Salvaterra, Paul M, additional, Salvioli, Rosa, additional, Samali, Afshin, additional, Sanchez, Anthony MJ, additional, Sánchez-Alcázar, José A, additional, Sanchez-Prieto, Ricardo, additional, Sandri, Marco, additional, Sanjuan, Miguel A, additional, Santaguida, Stefano, additional, Santambrogio, Laura, additional, Santoni, Giorgio, additional, dos Santos, Claudia Nunes, additional, Saran, Shweta, additional, Sardiello, Marco, additional, Sargent, Graeme, additional, Sarkar, Pallabi, additional, Sarkar, Sovan, additional, Sarrias, Maria Rosa, additional, Sarwal, Minnie M, additional, Sasakawa, Chihiro, additional, Sasaki, Motoko, additional, Sass, Miklos, additional, Sato, Ken, additional, Sato, Miyuki, additional, Satriano, Joseph, additional, Savaraj, Niramol, additional, Saveljeva, Svetlana, additional, Schaefer, Liliana, additional, Schaible, Ulrich E, additional, Scharl, Michael, additional, Schatzl, Hermann M, additional, Schekman, Randy, additional, Scheper, Wiep, additional, Schiavi, Alfonso, additional, Schipper, Hyman M, additional, Schmeisser, Hana, additional, Schmidt, Jens, additional, Schmitz, Ingo, additional, Schneider, Bianca E, additional, Schneider, E Marion, additional, Schneider, Jaime L, additional, Schon, Eric A, additional, Schönenberger, Miriam J, additional, Schönthal, Axel H, additional, Schorderet, Daniel F, additional, Schröder, Bernd, additional, Schuck, Sebastian, additional, Schulze, Ryan J, additional, Schwarten, Melanie, additional, Schwarz, Thomas L, additional, Sciarretta, Sebastiano, additional, Scotto, Kathleen, additional, Scovassi, A Ivana, additional, Screaton, Robert A, additional, Screen, Mark, additional, Seca, Hugo, additional, Sedej, Simon, additional, Segatori, Laura, additional, Segev, Nava, additional, Seglen, Per O, additional, Seguí-Simarro, Jose M, additional, Segura-Aguilar, Juan, additional, Seki, Ekihiro, additional, Seiliez, Iban, additional, Sell, Christian, additional, Semenkovich, Clay F, additional, Semenza, Gregg L, additional, Sen, Utpal, additional, Serra, Andreas L, additional, Serrano-Puebla, Ana, additional, Sesaki, Hiromi, additional, Setoguchi, Takao, additional, Settembre, Carmine, additional, Shacka, John J, additional, Shajahan-Haq, Ayesha N, additional, Shapiro, Irving M, additional, Sharma, Shweta, additional, She, Hua, additional, Shen, C-K James, additional, Shen, Chiung-Chyi, additional, Shen, Han-Ming, additional, Shen, Sanbing, additional, Shen, Weili, additional, Sheng, Rui, additional, Sheng, Xianyong, additional, Sheng, Zu-Hang, additional, Shepherd, Trevor G, additional, Shi, Junyan, additional, Shi, Qiang, additional, Shi, Qinghua, additional, Shi, Yuguang, additional, Shibutani, Shusaku, additional, Shibuya, Kenichi, additional, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, additional, Shieh, Jeng-Jer, additional, Shih, Chwen-Ming, additional, Shimada, Yohta, additional, Shimizu, Shigeomi, additional, Shin, Dong Wook, additional, Shinohara, Mari L, additional, Shintani, Michiko, additional, Shintani, Takahiro, additional, Shioi, Tetsuo, additional, Shirabe, Ken, additional, Shiri-Sverdlov, Ronit, additional, Shirihai, Orian, additional, Shore, Gordon C, additional, Shu, Chih-Wen, additional, Shukla, Deepak, additional, Sibirny, Andriy A, additional, Sica, Valentina, additional, Sigurdson, Christina J, additional, Sigurdsson, Einar M, additional, Sijwali, Puran Singh, additional, Sikorska, Beata, additional, Silveira, Wilian A, additional, Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine, additional, Silverman, Gary A, additional, Simak, Jan, additional, Simmet, Thomas, additional, Simon, Anna Katharina, additional, Simon, Hans-Uwe, additional, Simone, Cristiano, additional, Simons, Matias, additional, Simonsen, Anne, additional, Singh, Rajat, additional, Singh, Shivendra V, additional, Singh, Shrawan K, additional, Sinha, Debasish, additional, Sinha, Sangita, additional, Sinicrope, Frank A, additional, Sirko, Agnieszka, additional, Sirohi, Kapil, additional, Sishi, Balindiwe JN, additional, Sittler, Annie, additional, Siu, Parco M, additional, Sivridis, Efthimios, additional, Skwarska, Anna, additional, Slack, Ruth, additional, Slaninová, Iva, additional, Slavov, Nikolai, additional, Smaili, Soraya S, additional, Smalley, Keiran SM, additional, Smith, Duncan R, additional, Soenen, Stefaan J, additional, Soleimanpour, Scott A, additional, Solhaug, Anita, additional, Somasundaram, Kumaravel, additional, Son, Jin H, additional, Sonawane, Avinash, additional, Song, Chunjuan, additional, Song, Fuyong, additional, Song, Hyun Kyu, additional, Song, Ju-Xian, additional, Song, Wei, additional, Soo, Kai Y, additional, Sood, Anil K, additional, Soong, Tuck Wah, additional, Soontornniyomkij, Virawudh, additional, Sorice, Maurizio, additional, Sotgia, Federica, additional, Soto-Pantoja, David R, additional, Sotthibundhu, Areechun, additional, Sousa, Maria João, additional, Spaink, Herman P, additional, Span, Paul N, additional, Spang, Anne, additional, Sparks, Janet D, additional, Speck, Peter G, additional, Spector, Stephen A, additional, Spies, Claudia D, additional, Springer, Wolfdieter, additional, Clair, Daret St, additional, Stacchiotti, Alessandra, additional, Staels, Bart, additional, Stang, Michael T, additional, Starczynowski, Daniel T, additional, Starokadomskyy, Petro, additional, Steegborn, Clemens, additional, Steele, John W, additional, Stefanis, Leonidas, additional, Steffan, Joan, additional, Stellrecht, Christine M, additional, Stenmark, Harald, additional, Stepkowski, Tomasz M, additional, Stern, Stęphan T, additional, Stevens, Craig, additional, Stockwell, Brent R, additional, Stoka, Veronika, additional, Storchova, Zuzana, additional, Stork, Björn, additional, Stratoulias, Vassilis, additional, Stravopodis, Dimitrios J, additional, Strnad, Pavel, additional, Strohecker, Anne Marie, additional, Ström, Anna-Lena, additional, Stromhaug, Per, additional, Stulik, Jiri, additional, Su, Yu-Xiong, additional, Su, Zhaoliang, additional, Subauste, Carlos S, additional, Subramaniam, Srinivasa, additional, Sue, Carolyn M, additional, Suh, Sang Won, additional, Sui, Xinbing, additional, Sukseree, Supawadee, additional, Sulzer, David, additional, Sun, Fang-Lin, additional, Sun, Jiaren, additional, Sun, Jun, additional, Sun, Shi-Yong, additional, Sun, Yang, additional, Sun, Yi, additional, Sun, Yingjie, additional, Sundaramoorthy, Vinod, additional, Sung, Joseph, additional, Suzuki, Hidekazu, additional, Suzuki, Kuninori, additional, Suzuki, Naoki, additional, Suzuki, Tadashi, additional, Suzuki, Yuichiro J, additional, Swanson, Michele S, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, Swärd, Karl, additional, Swarup, Ghanshyam, additional, Sweeney, Sean T, additional, Sylvester, Paul W, additional, Szatmari, Zsuzsanna, additional, Szegezdi, Eva, additional, Szlosarek, Peter W, additional, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, additional, Tafani, Marco, additional, Taillebourg, Emmanuel, additional, Tait, Stephen WG, additional, Takacs-Vellai, Krisztina, additional, Takahashi, Yoshinori, additional, Takáts, Szabolcs, additional, Takemura, Genzou, additional, Takigawa, Nagio, additional, Talbot, Nicholas J, additional, Tamagno, Elena, additional, Tamburini, Jerome, additional, Tan, Cai-Ping, additional, Tan, Lan, additional, Tan, Mei Lan, additional, Tan, Ming, additional, Tan, Yee-Joo, additional, Tanaka, Keiji, additional, Tanaka, Masaki, additional, Tang, Daolin, additional, Tang, Dingzhong, additional, Tang, Guomei, additional, Tanida, Isei, additional, Tanji, Kunikazu, additional, Tannous, Bakhos A, additional, Tapia, Jose A, additional, Tasset-Cuevas, Inmaculada, additional, Tatar, Marc, additional, Tavassoly, Iman, additional, Tavernarakis, Nektarios, additional, Taylor, Allen, additional, Taylor, Graham S, additional, Taylor, Gregory A, additional, Taylor, J Paul, additional, Taylor, Mark J, additional, Tchetina, Elena V, additional, Tee, Andrew R, additional, Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima, additional, Telang, Sucheta, additional, Tencomnao, Tewin, additional, Teng, Ba-Bie, additional, Teng, Ru-Jeng, additional, Terro, Faraj, additional, Tettamanti, Gianluca, additional, Theiss, Arianne L, additional, Theron, Anne E, additional, Thomas, Kelly Jean, additional, Thomé, Marcos P, additional, Thomes, Paul G, additional, Thorburn, Andrew, additional, Thorner, Jeremy, additional, Thum, Thomas, additional, Thumm, Michael, additional, Thurston, Teresa LM, additional, Tian, Ling, additional, Till, Andreas, additional, Ting, Jenny Pan-yun, additional, Titorenko, Vladimir I, additional, Toker, Lilach, additional, Toldo, Stefano, additional, Tooze, Sharon A, additional, Topisirovic, Ivan, additional, Torgersen, Maria Lyngaas, additional, Torosantucci, Liliana, additional, Torriglia, Alicia, additional, Torrisi, Maria Rosaria, additional, Tournier, Cathy, additional, Towns, Roberto, additional, Trajkovic, Vladimir, additional, Travassos, Leonardo H, additional, Triola, Gemma, additional, Tripathi, Durga Nand, additional, Trisciuoglio, Daniela, additional, Troncoso, Rodrigo, additional, Trougakos, Ioannis P, additional, 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Zheng, Xi-Long, additional, Zheng, Xiaoxiang, additional, Zhivotovsky, Boris, additional, Zhong, Qing, additional, Zhou, Guang-Zhou, additional, Zhou, Guofei, additional, Zhou, Huiping, additional, Zhou, Shu-Feng, additional, Zhou, Xu-jie, additional, Zhu, Hongxin, additional, Zhu, Hua, additional, Zhu, Wei-Guo, additional, Zhu, Wenhua, additional, Zhu, Xiao-Feng, additional, Zhu, Yuhua, additional, Zhuang, Shi-Mei, additional, Zhuang, Xiaohong, additional, Ziparo, Elio, additional, Zois, Christos E, additional, Zoladek, Teresa, additional, Zong, Wei-Xing, additional, Zorzano, Antonio, additional, and Zughaier, Susu M, additional

Published
2016
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94. Spontaneous activity and stretch-induced contractile differentiation are reduced in vascular smooth muscle of miR-143/145 knockout mice.

Author

Bhattachariya, Anirban, Dahan, Diana, Ekman, Mari, Boettger, T, Braun, T, Swärd, Karl, Hellstrand, Per, Albinsson, Sebastian, Bhattachariya, Anirban, Dahan, Diana, Ekman, Mari, Boettger, T, Braun, T, Swärd, Karl, Hellstrand, Per, and Albinsson, Sebastian

Abstract

Stretch is essential for maintaining the contractile phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells, and small non-coding microRNAs are known to be important in this process. Using a Dicer knockout model, we have previously reported that microRNAs are essential for stretch-induced differentiation and regulation of L-type calcium channel expression. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of the smooth muscle-enriched miR-143/145 microRNA cluster for stretch-induced differentiation of the portal vein.

Published
2015

95. Detrusor Induction of miR-132/212 following Bladder Outlet Obstruction: Association with MeCP2 Repression and Cell Viability.

Author

Karbalaei, Mardjaneh, Ekman, Mari, Krawczyk, Katarzyna, Svensson, Daniel, Göransson, Olga, Dahan, Diana, Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, Albinsson, Sebastian, Uvelius, Bengt, Swärd, Karl, Karbalaei, Mardjaneh, Ekman, Mari, Krawczyk, Katarzyna, Svensson, Daniel, Göransson, Olga, Dahan, Diana, Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, Albinsson, Sebastian, Uvelius, Bengt, and Swärd, Karl

Abstract

The microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-132 and miR-212 have been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and cholinergic signaling and recent work has demonstrated roles outside of the CNS, including in smooth muscle. Here, we examined if miR-132 and miR-212 are induced in the urinary bladder following outlet obstruction and whether this correlates with effects on gene expression and cell growth. Three to seven-fold induction of miR-132/212 was found at 10 days of obstruction and this was selective for the detrusor layer. We cross-referenced putative binding sites in the miR-132/212 promoter with transcription factors that were predicted to be active in the obstruction model. This suggested involvement of Creb and Ahr in miR-132/212 induction. Creb phosphorylation (S-133) was not increased, but the number of Ahr positive nuclei increased. Moreover, we found that serum stimulation and protein kinase C activation induced miR-132/212 in human detrusor cells. To identify miR-132/212 targets, we correlated the mRNA levels of validated targets with the miRNA levels. Significant correlations between miR-132/212 and MeCP2, Ep300, Pnkd and Jarid1a were observed, and the protein levels of MeCP2, Pnkd and Ache were reduced after obstruction. Reduction of Ache however closely matched a 90% reduction of synapse density arguing that its repression was unrelated to miR-132/212 induction. Importantly, transfection of antimirs and mimics in cultured detrusor cells increased and decreased, respectively, the number of cells and led to changes in MeCP2 expression. In all, these findings show that obstruction of the urethra increases miR-132 and miR-212 in the detrusor and suggests that this influences gene expression and limits cell growth.

Published
2015

96. Myocardin Family Members Drive Formation of Caveolae.

Author

Krawczyk, Katarzyna, Yao Mattisson, Ingrid, Ekman, Mari, Oskolkov, Nikolay, Grantinge, Rebecka, Kotowska, Dorota, Olde, Björn, Hansson, Ola, Albinsson, Sebastian, Miano, Joseph M, Rippe, Catarina, Swärd, Karl, Krawczyk, Katarzyna, Yao Mattisson, Ingrid, Ekman, Mari, Oskolkov, Nikolay, Grantinge, Rebecka, Kotowska, Dorota, Olde, Björn, Hansson, Ola, Albinsson, Sebastian, Miano, Joseph M, Rippe, Catarina, and Swärd, Karl

Abstract

Caveolae are membrane organelles that play roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and in vascular function. Formation of caveolae requires caveolins and cavins. The make-up of caveolae and their density is considered to reflect cell-specific transcriptional control mechanisms for caveolins and cavins, but knowledge regarding regulation of caveolae genes is incomplete. Myocardin (MYOCD) and its relative MRTF-A (MKL1) are transcriptional coactivators that control genes which promote smooth muscle differentiation. MRTF-A communicates changes in actin polymerization to nuclear gene transcription. Here we tested if myocardin family proteins control biogenesis of caveolae via activation of caveolin and cavin transcription. Using human coronary artery smooth muscle cells we found that jasplakinolide and latrunculin B (LatB), substances that promote and inhibit actin polymerization, increased and decreased protein levels of caveolins and cavins, respectively. The effect of LatB was associated with reduced mRNA levels for these genes and this was replicated by the MRTF inhibitor CCG-1423 which was non-additive with LatB. Overexpression of myocardin and MRTF-A caused 5-10-fold induction of caveolins whereas cavin-1 and cavin-2 were induced 2-3-fold. PACSIN2 also increased, establishing positive regulation of caveolae genes from three families. Full regulation of CAV1 was retained in its proximal promoter. Knock down of the serum response factor (SRF), which mediates many of the effects of myocardin, decreased cavin-1 but increased caveolin-1 and -2 mRNAs. Viral transduction of myocardin increased the density of caveolae 5-fold in vitro. A decrease of CAV1 was observed concomitant with a decrease of the smooth muscle marker calponin in aortic aneurysms from mice (C57Bl/6) infused with angiotensin II. Human expression data disclosed correlations of MYOCD with CAV1 in a majority of human tissues and in the heart, correlation with MKL2 (MRTF-B) was observed. The myocardin family o

Published
2015

97. Regulation of Smooth Muscle Dystrophin and Synaptopodin 2 Expression by Actin Polymerization and Vascular Injury.

Author

Turczynska, Karolina, Swärd, Karl, Hien Tran, Thi, Wohlfahrt, Johan, Yao Mattisson, Ingrid, Ekman, Mari, Nilsson, Johan, Sjögren, Johan, Hultgårdh, Anna, Cidad, Pilar, Hellstrand, Per, Pérez-García, M Teresa, Albinsson, Sebastian, Murugesan, Vignesh, Turczynska, Karolina, Swärd, Karl, Hien Tran, Thi, Wohlfahrt, Johan, Yao Mattisson, Ingrid, Ekman, Mari, Nilsson, Johan, Sjögren, Johan, Hultgårdh, Anna, Cidad, Pilar, Hellstrand, Per, Pérez-García, M Teresa, Albinsson, Sebastian, and Murugesan, Vignesh

Abstract

Actin dynamics in vascular smooth muscle is known to regulate contractile differentiation and may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. However, the list of genes regulated by actin polymerization in smooth muscle remains incomprehensive. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify actin-regulated genes in smooth muscle and to demonstrate the role of these genes in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle phenotype.

Published
2015

98. The ATP Receptors P2X7 and P2X4 Modulate High Glucose and Palmitate-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Endothelial Cells.

Author

Sathanoori, Ramasri, Swärd, Karl, Olde, Björn, Erlinge, David, Sathanoori, Ramasri, Swärd, Karl, Olde, Björn, and Erlinge, David

Abstract

Endothelial cells lining the blood vessels are principal players in vascular inflammatory responses. Dysregulation of endothelial cell function caused by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia often result in impaired vasoregulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered barrier function. Various stressors including high glucose stimulate the release of nucleotides thus initiating signaling via purinergic receptors. However, purinergic modulation of inflammatory responses in endothelial cells caused by high glucose and palmitate remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether the effect of high glucose and palmitate is mediated by P2X7 and P2X4 and if they play a role in endothelial cell dysfunction. Transcript and protein levels of inflammatory genes as well as reactive oxygen species production, endothelial-leukocyte adhesion, and cell permeability were investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to high glucose and palmitate. We report high glucose and palmitate to increase levels of extracellular ATP, expression of P2X7 and P2X4, and inflammatory markers. Both P2X7 and P2X4 antagonists inhibited high glucose and palmitate-induced interleukin-6 levels with the former having a significant effect on interleukin-8 and cyclooxygenase-2. The effect of the antagonists was confirmed with siRNA knockdown of the receptors. In addition, P2X7 mediated both high glucose and palmitate-induced increase in reactive oxygen species levels and decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Blocking P2X7 inhibited high glucose and palmitate-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 as well as leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interestingly, high glucose and palmitate enhanced endothelial cell permeability that was dependent on both P2X7 and P2X4. Furthermore, antagonizing the P2X7 inhibited high glucose and palmitate-mediated activation of p38-mitogen activated protein kinase.

Published
2015

99. ApoA-I Milano stimulates lipolysis in adipose cells independently of cAMP/PKA activation

Author

Lindahl, Maria, primary, Petrlova, Jitka, additional, Dalla-Riva, Jonathan, additional, Wasserstrom, Sebastian, additional, Rippe, Catarina, additional, Domingo-Espin, Joan, additional, Kotowska, Dorota, additional, Krupinska, Ewa, additional, Berggreen, Christine, additional, Jones, Helena A., additional, Swärd, Karl, additional, Lagerstedt, Jens O., additional, Göransson, Olga, additional, and Stenkula, Karin G., additional

Published
2015
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100. Array profiling reveals contribution of Cthrc1 to growth of the denervated rat urinary bladder.

Author

Baoyi Zhu, Ekman, Mari, Svensson, Daniel, Lindvall, Jessica M., Nilsson, Bengt-Olof, Uvelius, Bengt, and Swärd, Karl

Abstract

Bladder denervation and bladder outlet obstruction are urological conditions that cause bladder growth. Transcriptomic surveys in outlet obstruction have identified differentially expressed genes, but similar studies following denervation have not been done. This was addressed using a rat model in which the pelvic ganglia were cryo-ablated followed by bladder microarray analyses. At 10 days following denervation, bladder weight had increased 5.6-fold, and 2,890 mRNAs and 135 micro-RNAs (miRNAs) were differentially expressed. Comparison with array data from obstructed bladders demonstrated overlap between the conditions, and 10% of mRNAs changed significantly and in the same direction. Many mRNAs, including collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (Cthrc1), Prc1, Plod2, and Dkk3, and miRNAs, such as miR-212 and miR-29, resided in the shared signature. Discordantly regulated transcripts in the two models were rare, making up for <0.07% of all changes, and the gene products in this category localized to the urothelium of normal bladders. These transcripts may potentially be used to diagnose sensory denervation. Western blotting demonstrated directionally consistent changes at the protein level, with increases of, e.g., Cthrc1, Prc1, Plod2, and Dkk3. We chose Cthrc1 for further studies and found that Cthrc1 was induced in the smooth muscle cell (SMC) layer following denervation. TGF-1 stimulation and miR30d-5p inhibition increased Cthrc1 in bladder SMCs, and knockdown and overexpression of Cthrc1 reduced and increased SMC proliferation. This work defines common and distinguishing features of bladder denervation and obstruction and suggests a role for Cthrc1 in bladder growth following denervation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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