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Background: Smartphone technology represents an opportunity to deliver practical solutions for people affected by cancer at a scale that was previously unimaginable, such as information, appointment monitoring, and improved access to cancer support services. This study aimed to determine whether a smartphone application (app) reduced the unmet needs among people newly diagnosed with cancer. Methods: A single blind, multisite randomized controlled trial to determine the impact of an app‐based, 4‐month intervention. Newly diagnosed cancer patients were approached at three health service treatment clinics. Results: Eighty‐two people were randomized (intervention; n = 43 and control; n = 39), average age was 59.5 years (SD: 12.9); 71% female; 67% married or in a de facto relationship. At baseline, there were no differences in participants' characteristics between the groups. No significant effects, in reducing unmet needs, were demonstrated at the end of intervention (4‐month) or 12‐month follow‐up. Overall, 94% used the app in weeks 1‐4, which decreased to 41% in weeks 13‐16. Mean app use time per participant: Cancer Information, 6.9 (SD: 18.9) minutes; Appointment Schedule, 5.1 (SD: 9.6) minutes; Cancer Services 1.5 minutes (SD: 6.8); Hospital Navigation, 1.4 (SD: 2.8) minutes. Conclusions: Despite consumer involvement in the design of this smartphone technology, the app did not reduce unmet needs. This may have been due to the study being underpowered. To contribute to a meaningful understanding and improved implementation of smartphone technology to support people affected by cancer, practical considerations, such as recruitment issues and access to, and confidence with, apps, need to be considered. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registration (ACTRN) Trial Registration: 12616001251415; WEF 7/9/2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigeons' key pecks were reinforced in the presence of pictures from one of two categories. Studies suggest that pigeons saw two-dimensional pictures presented on a screen as three-dimensional objects and that they saw these objects as falling into classes similar to those seen by people and described by verbal categories.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) risk after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) initiation for patients in different age groups. Background/Significance: Literature has reported an association between ADT and increased cardiovascular risk in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. It is not yet known whether cardiovascular risk is conferred by ADT itself or other comorbidities. As nurses play a major role in the management of patient care, including cardiovascular health, it is important for nurses to increase awareness of potential MACE risk factors in PCa patients. Methods: Analyses of US electronic medical records (1991 to 2020, 99% of patients started ADT within 2010-2020) of PCa patients (n=42,630) receiving LHRH injections were conducted to evaluate MACE incidence since ADT initiation in the age groups: <60, 60 to <70, 70 to <80, and ≥80 years old. Exclusion criteria included lack of ADT initiation date or MACE <6 months prior to ADT initiation. MACE was defined as myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from any cause. Results: 6%, 25%, 39% and 30% of patients were <60, 60 to <70, 70 to <80, and ≥80 years old respectively. MACE risk following ADT initiation was higher for older patients compared to younger patients (increased risk per year increase in age: unadjusted HR=1.07, 95% CI [1.06, 1.07] and adjusted HR=1.07, 95% CI [1.06, 1.08]). Conclusions: MACE risk after ADT initiation was higher for older patients. A potential explanation is the likely higher prevalence of co-morbidities contributing to cardiovascular disease in elderly patients, such as diabetes, obesity, and frailty. Nurses and clinicians should be aware that age is a predisposing risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with PCa undergoing ADT. Future studies evaluating the role of co-morbidities on cardiovascular risk for PCa patients during ADT may help identify other cardiovascular predictors of MACE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When animals choose between completing a Cognitive task and 'escaping,' proper interpretation of their behavior depends crucially on methodological details, including how forced and freely chosen tests are mixed and whether appropriate transfer tests are administered. But no matter how rigorous the test, it is impossible to go beyond functional similarity between human and nonhuman behaviors to certainty about human-like consciousness.

The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) annually invests approximately $22 billion in biomedical research through its extramural grant programs. Since fiscal year (FY) 2010, all persons involved in research during the previous project year have been required to be listed on the annual grant progress report. These new data have enabled the production of the first-ever census of the NIH-funded extramural research workforce. Data were extracted from All Personnel Reports submitted for NIH grants funded in FY 2009, including position title, months of effort, academic degrees obtained, and personal identifiers. Data were de-duplicated to determine a unique person count. Person-years of effort (PYE) on NIH grants were computed. In FY 2009, NIH funded 50,885 grant projects, which created 313,049 full- and part-time positions spanning all job functions involved in biomedical research. These positions were staffed by 247,457 people at 2,604 institutions. These persons devoted 121,465 PYE to NIH grant-supported research. Research project grants each supported 6 full- or part-time positions, on average. Over 20% of positions were occupied by postdoctoral researchers and graduate and undergraduate students. These baseline data were used to project workforce estimates for FYs 2010-2014 and will serve as a foundation for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The approval of the prostatespecific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 represents a shift toward precision medicine-based treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to provide practical advice and clinical considerations for working with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617; particularly, regarding the role of nurses in managing radiation safety, monitoring and reporting of adverse events, and counseling patients receiving this therapy. METHODS: Clinical data, protocols, and guidelines are summarized alongside real-world insights to provide practical recommendations for nurses caring for patients treated with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. FINDINGS: Nurses coordinate safe care for patients receiving [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 by facilitating communication among physicians, managing logistic concerns, monitoring for adverse events related to treatment, providing education, and counseling patients and caregivers throughout treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]