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54. Parental Obesity and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Suren, P., primary, Gunnes, N., additional, Roth, C., additional, Bresnahan, M., additional, Hornig, M., additional, Hirtz, D., additional, Lie, K. K., additional, Lipkin, W. I., additional, Magnus, P., additional, Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., additional, Schjolberg, S., additional, Susser, E., additional, Oyen, A.-S., additional, Smith, G. D., additional, and Stoltenberg, C., additional

Published
2014
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56. Prenatal fever and autism risk

Author

Hornig, M, Bresnahan, M A, Che, X, Schultz, A F, Ukaigwe, J E, Eddy, M L, Hirtz, D, Gunnes, N, Lie, K K, Magnus, P, Mjaaland, S, Reichborn-Kjennerud, T, Schjølberg, S, Øyen, A-S, Levin, B, Susser, E S, Stoltenberg, C, and Lipkin, W I

Abstract

Some studies suggest that prenatal infection increases risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This study was undertaken in a prospective cohort in Norway to examine whether we could find evidence to support an association of the prenatal occurrence of fever, a common manifestation of infection, with ASD risk. Prospective questionnaires provided maternal exposure data; case status was established from clinical assessments and registry linkages. In a large, prospectively ascertained cohort of pregnant mothers and their offspring, we examined infants born ⩾32 weeks for associations between fever exposure in each trimester and ASD risk using logistic regression. Maternal exposure to second-trimester fever was associated with increased ASD risk, adjusting for presence of fever in other trimesters and confounders (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.79), with a similar, but nonsignificant, point estimate in the first trimester. Risk increased markedly with exposure to three or more fever episodes after 12 weeks' gestation (aOR, 3.12; 1.28–7.63). ASD risk appears to increase with maternal fever, particularly in the second trimester. Risk magnified dose dependently with exposure to multiple fevers after 12 weeks' gestation. Our findings support a role for gestational maternal infection and innate immune responses to infection in the pathogenesis of at least some cases of ASD.

Published
2018
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58. Paternal age and risk of autism in an ethnically diverse non-industrialized setting: Aruba

Author

Van Balkom, I.D., Bresnahan, M., Vuijk, P.J., Hubert, J., Susser, E., Hoek, H.W., Van Balkom, I.D., Bresnahan, M., Vuijk, P.J., Hubert, J., Susser, E., and Hoek, H.W.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine paternal age in relation to risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in a setting other than the industrialized west. Design: A case-control study of Aruban-born children (1990-2003). Cases (N = 95) were identified at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, the only such clinic in Aruba; gender and age matched controls (N = 347) were gathered from public health records. Parental age was defined categorically (≤29, 30-39, 40-49, ≥50y). The analysis was made, using conditional logistic regression. Results: Advanced paternal age was associated with increased risk of ASDs in offspring. In comparison to the youngest paternal age group (≤29y), risk of autism increased 2.18 times for children born from fathers in their thirties, 2.71 times for fathers in their forties, and 3.22 thereafter. Conclusion: This study, part of the first epidemiologic study of autism in the Caribbean, contributes additional evidence, from a distinctive sociocultural setting, of the risk of ASD associated with increased paternal age. © 2012 van Balkom et al.

Published
2012
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62. Discrimination and the incidence of psychotic disorders among ethnic minorities in The Netherlands

Author

Veling, W.A. (Willem Anne), Selten, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Susser, E. (Ezra), Laan, W. (Winfried), Mackenbach, J.P. (Johan), Hoek, H.W. (Hans), Veling, W.A. (Willem Anne), Selten, J.-P. (Jean-Paul), Susser, E. (Ezra), Laan, W. (Winfried), Mackenbach, J.P. (Johan), and Hoek, H.W. (Hans)

Abstract

Background: It is well established now that the incidence of schizophrenia is extremely high for several ethnic minority groups in western Europe, but there is considerable variation among groups. We investigated whether the increased risk among these groups depends upon the degree to which they perceive discrimination based on race or ethnicity. Methods: We studied the incidence of psychotic disorders over 7 years in The Hague, a city with a large and diverse population of ethnic minorities. To compare the incidence of schizophrenic disorders (DSM IV: schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder) in each ethnic minority group with the incidence in native Dutch, we computed incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Based on a population study and on rates of reported incidents of discrimination in The Hague, the degree of perceived discrimination of ethnic minority groups was rated: high (Morocco), medium (Netherlands-Antilles, Surinam and 'other non-western countries'), low (Turkey) or very low ('western or westernized countries'). Results: The age- and gender-adjusted IRRs of schizophrenic disorders for ethnic minority groups exposed to high, medium, low, and very low discrimination were 4.00 (95% CI 3.00-5.35), 1.99 (1.58-2.51), 1.58 (1.10-2.27), and 1.20 (0.81-1.90), respectively. When not only schizophrenic, but all psychotic disorders were included in the analysis, the results were similar. Conclusions: These results suggest that discrimination perceived by ethnic minority groups in western Europe, or some factor closely related to it, may contribute to their increased risk of schizophrenia.

Published
2007
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63. Three decades of eating disorders in Dutch primary care: decreasing incidence of bulimia nervosa but not of anorexia nervosa.

Author

Smink, F. R. E., van Hoeken, D., Donker, G. A., Susser, E. S., Oldehinkel, A. J., and Hoek, H. W.

Subjects
ANOREXIA nervosa, BULIMIA, EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEALTH insurance, PRIMARY health care, DISEASE incidence
Abstract

BackgroundWhether the incidence of eating disorders in Western, industrialized countries has changed over time has been the subject of much debate. The purpose of this primary-care study was to examine changes in the incidence of eating disorders in The Netherlands during the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s.MethodA nationwide network of general practitioners (GPs), serving a representative sample (~1%) of the total Dutch population, recorded newly diagnosed patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) in their practice during 1985–1989, 1995–1999, and 2005–2009. GPs are key players in the Dutch healthcare system, as their written referral is mandatory in order to get access to specialized (mental) healthcare, covered by health insurance. Health insurance is virtually universal in The Netherlands (99% of the population). A substantial number of GPs participated in all three study periods, during which the same case identification criteria were used and the same psychiatrist was responsible for making the final diagnoses. Incidence rates were calculated and for comparison between periods, incidence rate ratios.ResultsThe overall incidence rate of BN decreased significantly in the past three decades (from 8.6 per 100 000 person-years in 1985–1989 to 6.1 in 1995–1999, and 3.2 in 2005–2009). The overall incidence of AN remained fairly stable during three decades, i.e. 7.4 per 1 00 000 person-years in 1985–1989, 7.8 in 1995–1999, and 6.0 in 2005–2009.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of BN decreased significantly over the past three decades, while the overall incidence rate of AN remained stable. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2016
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68. The Early Determinants of Adult Health Study

Author

Susser, E., primary, Buka, S., additional, Schaefer, C. A., additional, Andrews, H., additional, Cirillo, P. M., additional, Factor-Litvak, P., additional, Gillman, M., additional, Goldstein, J. M., additional, Ivey Henry, P., additional, Lumey, L. H., additional, McKeague, I. W., additional, Michels, K. B., additional, Terry, M. B., additional, and Cohn, B. A., additional

Published
2011
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82. Psychosis and Place

Author

March, D., primary, Hatch, S. L., additional, Morgan, C., additional, Kirkbride, J. B., additional, Bresnahan, M., additional, Fearon, P., additional, and Susser, E., additional

Published
2008
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90. Epidemiology of Anorexia Nervosa

Author

Keski-Rahkonen, A., primary, Hoek, H. W., additional, Susser, E. S., additional, Linna, M. S., additional, Sihvola, E., additional, and Raevuori, A., additional

Published
2007
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