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The conversion of biowaste to activated carbon (AC) for supercapacitor applications is recently gaining attention due to its extraordinary high specific surface area (SSA), hierarchical pore size distribution, and very good conductivity. Therefore, in this work, we have utilized waste office papers as a precursor to synthesize highly porous carbon to be used as an electrode material for supercapacitors. The sub-nanometre pores in as-synthesized office paper waste-derived activated carbon (OPDAC) material, facilitate easy flow of ions and surprisingly increase the specific capacitance up to 237 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Moreover, an all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor using OPDAC electrodes delivers an ultrahigh energy density of 31 Wh/kg at a power density of 380 W/kg along with a long cycle life of 95% after 3000 charge-discharge cycles. Hence, these remarkable results pave the path for the usage of different biowastes for varying energy storage applications.

Background: Nutritional security aspects and practicing good hygiene practices is an important component for ensuring human well-being. COVID-19, a global pandemic has had a bad effect on health of people around the world. Street food that is unsafe and unhealthy as it is sold in open areas could have been one of the causes of the spread of microbes, diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the knowledge of food nutritional security and hygiene practices among food vendors, during the Communicable Diseases (COVID- 19 Pandemic) that could have ensured consumer's health.Methods: A systematic questionnaire was used to collect the data, and sample randomly selected from Lucknow. Results were presented in terms of chi-square (χ 2) test, percentage, and p-value. Results: The result obtained by the compilation of the questionnaire shows that majority of handlers were well-versed about food hygiene. However, vendor lacked knowledge about cooking practices and storage of cooked food. It has been observed that 44 percent of food handler’s clean dirty utensils with soap and water, only 25% of food operators wash their hands in clean water each time before handling food, while 6 percent of operators used gloves while handling food. The overall food handler's food handling practices scores were lower than their knowledge scores based on the questionnaire responses. Conclusion: Results of the questionnaire shows that vendor has limited knowledge regarding nutritional security of the food and do not follow adequate hygiene practices, therefore awareness program should be promoted to increase knowledge of nutritional security and hygiene practices among vendors. The handlers should be made aware regarding fact of significance of nutritional security and hygiene practices to contain spread of microbes and communicable diseases.

Street foods plays vital role for low and middle income group of urban peoples of developing countries, street foods meets food and nutritional requirements at very affordable prices for peoples all over the world. Mostly street foods are unhealthy foods, which is increased by high risk of contamination through physical, chemical and biological components which occurs a grave concern in the form of food safety and security. Street foods are nutritionally rich and these are rich source of carbohydrates and fats, eating which increases the risk of chronic non communicable diseases. Street foods may the increases risk of foodborne illnesses, which is the reason of food contamination through the microorganisms and so that food poisoning are developed. Due to lack of facilities, cheap raw materials, also lack of education and insufficient knowledge (GMP) of street food handlers, can cause foodborne diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases, and with which strongly influence on Food Safety, Nutritional Value and health of school children’s and all urban peoples of developing countries. To troubleshoot all these problems proper health authorities should regulate the marketing of street food products and start a proper training program for the urban street food handlers and school based street food handlers, which is related to food safety, food security, foodborne diseases and non communicable diseases. In addition, the inclusion of food safety and food security in school courses will provide opportunities for all peoples and school children’s to becomes aware about food safety, food security and nutrition. however, street foods are oftentimes an unhealthy diet and notwithstanding, street foods meet peoples dietary needs. Street food vending have occurred a vital public health issues and a major consideration to everybody. The objective of this study to describe nutritional issues of street foods to the diet, Nutritional Value of Street Foods, consumers eating habits and its impact on Health. It is necessary that, the standards suggested by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and WHO should be included, to contribute to nutritional security of street foods and public health.

Ni (Nickel) doped zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) has been prepared in presence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to realize a ZIF-67/rGO composite. The doping level of Ni and the ratio of rGO (wt%) in the composite have been optimized to attain desirable redox activity and electrical conductivity. A partial incorporation of redox active Ni ions to substitute Co (cobalt) ions in ZIF-67 has resulted in better electrochemical characteristics by inducing additional pseudocapacitance. A finalized composite with 33% Ni and 20% of rGO (i.e, Ni33/ZIF-67/rGO20) has been used as a supercapacitor electrode material to achieve a high specific capacitance of 304 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g in the presence of 1 M H2SO4 as an aqueous electrolyte. The above electrode has also been tested for an all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor in the presence of a polymer gel electrolyte (PVA/1 M H2SO4). This device delivered high values of power and energy densities, i.e., 1 kW/kg and 21.5 Wh/kg, respectively. The device also exhibited an excellent cyclic stability. About 87% of capacitance could be retained even after 4500 charge-discharge cycles. The device has shown superior results for a working potential window of 0–2 V. The practical usefulness of the device has been demonstrated by preparing a symmetrical supercapacitor, which could energize a white LED for 8 min upon a charging of only 40 s.

Modern world adopting the new and fast techniques of agriculture methods for the maximum number of the production. The present study is based on an acute toxicity in human health of raw and cooked “Tomato” and “Spinach”. The Plant toxins are commonly the metabolites produce through plants to protect themselves against different threats like insects, predators and microorganisms.

The ethanolic extract of leaves of Phyllanthus distichus results maximum yield value than that of petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract through successive extraction process. The ethanolic extract of leaves of Phyllanthus distichus showed maximum control in blood sugar in hyperglycemic wistar rats than other experimental extracts. The test extract also reduces the blood sugar level to a maximum extent in case of normal animals. Among the study of effects of alcoholic extracts of leaves of Phyllanthus distichus in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic model through oral route. Toxicological study revealed that the alcoholic extracts Phyllanthus distichus leaves were safe and does not alter normal physiological and behavioral effect even at a higher dose level of 3000 mg/kg body weight. Administration of alcoholic extracts Phyllanthus distichus significantly reduces the elevated glucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rats confirms its anti-diabetic activity. This also reduces normal glucose level, which reveals the hypoglycemic property. The whole protein, whole cholesterol, ASAT, ALAT, ALP enzyme activity of alloxan administered rats showed significantly higher than normal rats, the test extract treated rats significantly reduced the elevated levels. The results of the present investigation indicate that the alcoholic extracts Phyllanthus Distichus leaves may have a place in the therapy of Diabetes Mellitus as anti-diabetic and/or hypoglycemic agent. The hypoglycemic and/or anti-diabetic effect of the test extract may be due to the influence on glycogenesis, glycogenolysis metabolic activity property of one or more of its constituents. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Phyllanthus Distichus is beneficial in lowering the blood sugar concentration and in the management of other diabetic complications without any doubt. Keywords: Alcoholic Extract of Phyllanthus Distichus (AEPD), Antigen (Ag), Alanine Amino Transferase (ALAT) Alkaline Phosphate (ALP), Asparatate

Failures of MEMS devices under shock are due to the overlap of the static and moving parts. The shock response of the microstructure under mechanical shock is investigated in this paper. This work presents modelling and simulation of the microstructures such as microcantilever, fixed–fixed flexure and serpentine structure and is further extended to optimize the response of high-g acceleration threshold switch under mechanical shock. The latching threshold for the high-g acceleration switch is estimated using the geometrical structure. The natural frequency of the serpentine spring-mass structure is selected to achieve the required displacement for latching. The dimensions of the switch are optimized in accordance with the natural frequency and to meet the requirement of latching for a given shock. The switch is fabricated on silicon on insulator wafer with a deep reactive ion etching process. The switch is tested on the static mechanical shock of 3500 g and shows a good agreement between analytical, numerical and experimental results.

Immunosensors are used to provide simple, quick and effective ways to detect analytes for the diagnosis of a number of diseases. This work reports on a novel optical immunosensor based on thyroxine antibody labeled gold nanoparticles (anti-T4/C-AuNPs) for the sensitive detection of the thyroxine (T4) hormone. T4 hormone is a reliable diagnostic biomarker present in the human blood serum that is necessary for normal neural development and cellular metabolism. The free T4 hormone, a major key player of the total biologically active T4 hormone, in serum regulates the patient's thyroid function. The immunosensor was synthesized by using amine functionalized cysteamine capped gold nanoparticles (C-AuNPs) of size 36 nm approximately. The T4 specific antibody (anti-T4) was covalently attached to C-AuNP by EDC-NHS (1-ethyl-3-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide) cross-linking chemistry. This anti-T4/C-AuNP bioconjugate was used for the analysis of the free thyroxine hormone in samples. The proposed method exhibited high performance immunosensors having a linear range of 0.52 to 65.1 pg/mL and the detection limit of 9.11 pg/mL.

Recent work was carried out to develop a chemometrics model to predict the adulteration of water in milk qualitatively and quantitatively using Near Infrared Spectroscopy and to select the wavelengths important for the prediction of water adulteration in milk. The adulterated samples were prepared in lab with variation in water as adulterant from 0 to 2 ml in 5 ml of milk. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was run to know relation between the different samples on the basis of the Near Infrared spectral data. PCA score plot could classify the samples in three groups on the basis of the adulteration: low, medium and high. Partial least square regression analysis was used to develop a statistical model to predict the percentage of water present in the adulterated milk samples using selecting important wavelengths. The regression model showed good results for the prediction of water adulterated milk samples with coefficient of correlation higher than 0.9 and root mean square error less than 0.04. Change in water band was also observed using Aquaphotomics

Nanotechnology is a completely unique branch of technology that offers with substances in a very small size between (1-100 nm) with various crystal shapes which include spherical nanoparticles, flower shaped, Nano rods, Nano ribbons, and Nano platelets. Metals have ability to produce large number of oxides. These metal oxides play an major role in many areas of chemistry, physics, material science and food science. In this research, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel process using zinc nitrate and copper (II) nitrate as precursor respectively. The characterization of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles was done by using various techniques. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicates the crystallinity and crystal size of CuO and ZnO nanoparticle. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to get the infrared spectrum of the sample indicating composition of the sample which contains various functional groups. XRD result shows the particle size of CuO at highest peak 29.40140 was 61.25 nm and the particle size of ZnO at highest peak 36.24760 was 21.82 nm. FT-IR spectra peak at 594.56 cm-1 indicated characteristic absorption bands of ZnO nanoparticles and the broad band peak at 3506.9 cm-1 can be attributed to the characteristic absorption of O-H group. The analysis of FT-IR spectrum of CuO shows peaks at 602.09, 678.39, and 730.19cm−1 which refer to the formation of CuO. A broad absorption peak noticed at 3308.2 cm−1 attributed to O–H stretching of the moisture content.

India is an agriculture-based country, and most of the population depends on agriculture for livelihoods. Cowpea plays a vital role to maintain healthy life because of its nutritious parameters. However, there is an urgent need to implement new technologies using Artificial Intelligence to enhance the productivity of crops and mitigate the cost, effort and loss of the agronomist. We have proposed a model based on deep learning algorithms to identify Cowpea leaves. For experiments, images were captured from the ICAR-NBPGR farm. We use TensorFlow and Keras platform under the umbrella of Deep Learning. Such methodology permits us 1) reorganization of the cowpea leaves based on image classification and 2) to estimate their weight. Inception model is type of application utilizes CNN based architecture to complete problems related to either binary or multiclass classification, that will again moderate by using transfer learning technique. We have initiate model for binary classification of Cowpea leaves with other leaves (Mango).

Biscuit consumption is considered one of the top ten daily consumed foods [1]. The objective of this study was acceptability of biscuit containing three different combinations of powders of wheat bran, flaxseed and wheat viz., 25:75:0, 0:50:50, 20:80:0 were used to prepare 100gms flour mix. Acceptance was assessed using a hedonic scale of nine points. It was noticed that incorporation of flaxseed flour at 80% was unacceptable in biscuit. At this level of incorporation of flaxseed flour, the sensory properties of the product were affected i.e., flavour and taste wise, body and texture, colour and appearance and overall quality whereas 75% addition of flaxseed flour produced good results [2]. The antioxidant activity, phenolic concentration was linearly increased as the fortification was increased [1]. Data revealed that the overall acceptability of biscuit ranged from 9 to 7. This indicated that the recipes were found to fall under the category of ‘like extremely to like moderately’. It can finally be discerned from the sensory scores for biscuit prepared with 75% incorporation of flaxseed flour with 25% of wheat bran flour, that the biscuit was equally acceptable as that of control [2]. The acceptability of sensory characteristics was improved by this fortification immediately after preparation and during storage [3].

Antibiotic-resistance is ever growing burden on our society for the past many years. Many synthetic chemistry approaches and rational drug-design have been unable to pace up and tackle this problem. Natural resources, more specifically, the microbial diversity, on the other hand, make a traditional and still the best platform to search for new chemical scaffolds and compounds. Here, we report the antimicrobial characteristics of novel bacterial isolate from a salt lake in India. We screened the bacterial isolates for their inhibitory activity against indicator bacteria and found that four novel species were able to prevent the growth of test strains studied in vitro. Further, we characterized one novel species (SMB1T = SL4-2) using polyphasic taxonomic approaches and also purified the active ingredient from this bacterium. We successfully characterized the antimicrobial compound using mass spectroscopy and amino acid analysis. We also allocated two novel biosynthetic gene clusters for putative bacteriocins and one novel non-ribosomal peptide gene cluster in its whole genome. We concluded that the strain SMB1T belonged to the genus Paenibacilllus with the pairwise sequence similarity of 98.67% with Paenibacillus tarimensis DSM 19409T and we proposed the name Paenibacillus sambharensis sp. nov. The type strain is SMB1T (=MTCC 12884 = KCTC 33895T).

Al-Si-N thin films were deposited on glass substrates at varying nitrogen partial pressure through magnetron sputtering. The effect of partial pressure of nitrogen gas in the gaseous mixture (argon and nitrogen) on the optical properties such as absorption coefficient, band gap energy, refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant of the film was investigated and correlation with structure was carried out. Nitrogen partial pressure has a considerable effect on the film microstructure and consequently on their optical properties. The transformation of the film from opaque to transparent is dependent on the partial pressure of nitrogen. The crystallite size decreases from 27 to 19 nm with the rise in partial pressure of nitrogen from 3 × 10−1 Pa to 6 × 10−1 Pa but again increases as the pressure reaches 7.5 × 10−1 Pa. Refractive index of Al-Si-N coatings shows normal dispersive behaviour. The transmittance, band gap energy, optical conductivity and dielectric constant of the films were also studied as a function of nitrogen partial pressure.

The role of redox additive electrolytes in supercapacitors is gaining an increased significance. The present research work, for the first time, investigates the supercapacitor performance of a rGO/TiO2 nanosheet composite (prepared via facile one step hydrothermal reaction route) electrode in combination with a redox additive electrolyte, i.e., 0.2 M K3[Fe(CN)6] in 1 M Na2SO4. The synergistic effects between the porous rGO/TiO2 nanosheet electrode and the optimized redox electrolyte have helped to achieve a significantly high specific capacitance of 1565 F/g at a current density of 3 A/g (working potential window = −0.1–0.5 V). This value of specific capacitance is much higher than achievable with the application of a plain aqueous electrolyte (e.g., 1 M Na2SO4). Furthermore, rGO/TiO2 nanosheet electrodes have been used to fabricate a symmetrical supercapacitor device which has delivered an excellent specific capacitance value of 204.5 F/g at a current density of 1.5 A/g. The device also yielded promising values of energy density (15.5 Wh/kg) and power density (1.1 kW/kg) apart from showing a long-term cyclic stability (∼87%) even after 1000 continuous charge-discharge cycles.

This paper analyses how community, national and ethnic identities are affirmed, negotiated, marginalized as a part of hegemony-making and resistance in the context of English education in Indian un...

In this work, manganese MOF is synthesized using one step solvothermal method and utilized as an electrode for supercapacitor applications. The high specific surface area, chemical & thermal stability and pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism of Mn-BDC MOF facilitates fast electronic and ionic transport. When the Mn-BDC MOF is tested as an electrode for supercapacitor applications, the electrode exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance using 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. The Mn-BDC electrode shows a highest specific capacitance of 177.9 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g and 166.4 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV/s. Further, an all-solid-state symmetrical supercapacitor is assembled using two equally weighted Mn MOF electrodes using PVA-1 M Na2SO4 polymer gel electrolyte. The solid state symmetrical supercapacitor device shows a highest specific capacitance of 64.5 F/g at a current density of 0.25 A/g within an operating potential window of 0-1.5 V. Also, the device delivers an energy density and power density of 4.3 Wh/kg and 171.6 W/kg respectively along with a very high capacity retention of 98 % even after 2000 charge-discharge cycles. Therefore, the excellent electrochemical performance of Mn MOF electrodes and symmetrical device proves its superiority for practical supercapacitor applications.

A facile approach for the fluorescence based detection of sulfite (SO32−) using gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) has been reported. The detection assay relies on the effective quenching of the fluorescence of Au NCs in the presence of Cu2+, which could eventually be recovered upon the addition of SO32−. The proposed Cu2+ assisted fluorescence “turn-on” detection method for SO32− was highly sensitive and demonstrated a linear response towards SO32− within the desired concentration range. Importantly, the sensing system possessed high selectivity for SO32− compared to other competitive anionic analytes, allowing for an analytically robust and reliable detection. Further, fluorescent Au NC-hydrogels were developed, which present a way forward for solid sensing platforms for the detection of SO32− in aqueous solutions, making it a meaningful approach for instrument-free and visual monitoring. Owing to their excellent analytical characteristics, Au NCs were successfully employed for intracellular SO32− detection. Therefore, the present study encompasses the manifold detection aspects of Au NC based sensors.

In this paper, the stress-strain response of two extrusive volcanic igneous rocks, e.g., compact basalt (CB) and volcanic breccia (VB), under a high rate of loading is studied experimentall...

Sedation in paediatric cancer for fractionated radiation treatment (RT) is unique as the child has to be still for accurate delivery of RT, monitoring of the child is from a remote location and sedation is repeated for multiple sessions of RT. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine with oral midazolam and ketamine combination for repeated sedation during fractionated RT in paediatric oncology.Ninety children aged between 3-6 years, planned for 21 fractions of RT, were randomised to receive intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg (group D) or oral midazolam 0.2 mg/kg and ketamine 5 mg/kg (group MK). The 21 sessions of fractionated radiotherapy were divided into three subgroups of seven consecutive exposures 1-7, 8-14 and 15-21 for comparison. The primary endpoint was to determine the incidence of successful sedation. The sedation score achieved, time to satisfactory sedation and discharge, rescue ketamine required, and side effects were secondary endpoints.The incidence of successful sedation in the three successive RT subgroups; sessions: 1-7, 8-14 and 15-21, was 82%, 75.6% and 66.7% in group D, as compared to 40%, 24.4% and 13.3% in group MK, respectively. (P0.001). A decrease in successful sedation was noted in the successive subgroups. Time to successful sedation and discharge was earlier in group D in comparison to MK (P = 0.000). More patients in group MK required rescue ketamine (P = 000).Intranasal dexmedetomidine produces more satisfactory sedation as compared to oral ketamine with midazolam for fractionated RT.

The synthesis of a highly porous composite of ZIF-67 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using a simple stirring approach is reported. The composite has been investigated as an electrode to be assembled in a supercapacitor. In the presence of an optimized redox additive electrolyte (RAE), that is, 0.2 M K3[Fe(CN)6] in 1 M Na2SO4, the ZIF-67/rGO composite electrode has combined the properties of improved conductivity, high specific surface area, and low resistance. The proposed composite electrode in the three-electrode system shows an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 1453 F g–1 at a current density of 4.5 A g–1 within a potential window of −0.1 to 0.5 V. Further, the ZIF-67/rGO composite electrode was used to fabricate a symmetrical supercapacitor whose operation in the presence of the RAE has delivered high values of specific capacitance (326 F g–1 at a current density of 3 A g–1) and energy density (25.5 W h kg–1 at a power density of 2.7 kW kg–1). The device could retain about 88% of its initial specific capacitance after 1000 repeated charge–discharge cycles. The practical usefulness of the device was also verified by combining two symmetrical supercapacitors in series and then lighting a white light-emitting diode (illumination for 3 min). This study, for the first time, reports the application of a ZIF-based composite (ZIF-67/rGO) in the presence of an RAE to design an efficient supercapacitor electrode. This proposed design is also scalable to a flexible symmetric device delivering high values of specific capacitance and energy density.

The present work aims to understand the stress–strain response of a metamorphic rock, and gneiss under high loading rate for different specimen diameters and slenderness ratios through detailed tests. The high strain rate characterisation of gneiss rock is done for two different diameters and five different slenderness ratios of the rock specimens using a 76 mm-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device in an effort to understand the standard specimen dimension for gneiss in SHPB test. The stress–strain response of the rock specimens is studied by varying the length of the striker bars and the gas gun pressure values, systematically. The petrological and static characterisation of the gneiss rock is also carried out to assess the response of the rock specimens. Finally, a methodology is proposed to characterize gneiss rock specimens under high loading rate. Furthermore, numerical simulation of SHPB test on gneiss rock is performed using strain rate-dependent Johnson–Holmquist (JH-2) model available in the finite-element software package, LS-DYNA. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data, and thus, the parameters of JH-2 model for gneiss rock are determined.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) belong to a novel class of materials with several advantages (e.g., ultrahigh porosity, tunable pore size distribution, convenience of synthesis, and structural tailor-ability). However, the insulating nature of MOFs is often recognized as a limiting factor in the extension of their applications, especially in electronic fields. In light of such limitations, various functional or conductive materials have been mixed/intercalated with MOFs to improve their potential for such applications (e.g., rechargeable batteries, optoelectronics, and supercapacitors). Lately, many of these composite materials have been recognized as next-generation electrodes for the development of efficient supercapacitors. In this review article, we have critically reviewed the recent advancements in supercapacitor applications of MOFs and their derived composite structures. Further, we have also discussed the application of various categories of electrolytes (e.g., aqueous, organic, ionic liquids, solid-state, and redox electrolytes) and their impacts on the development of MOF-based supercapacitors.

In the present study, a comparative assessment on the performance of conventional and advanced tunnel lining materials subjected to blast loading is done using a three-dimensional non-linear finite element analysis procedure. The conventional tunnel lining materials analyzed herein are plain concrete, steel, reinforced cement concrete, and steel fiber–reinforced concrete. The advanced tunnel lining materials analyzed herein are dytherm, polyurethane, and aluminum syntactic foam sandwich panels with steel–foam–steel composites. The pressure generated by 10 kg Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is applied to each element on the inner wall of the tunnel which has an effect equal to the scaled distance Z = 1.16 m/kg1/3. Analyses are conducted by varying the thickness of lining materials for a tunnel built in rock domain. The response of the tunnel lining materials, for example, deformation, stresses, and strains generated at different interfaces, is compared with each other to assess the best suitable material for the present blast scenario discussed herein. It is observed from the simulations that the reinforced cement concrete and steel–aluminum syntactic foam (90 µm)–steel are found to be the suitable tunnel lining materials for the present blasting scenario described herein. Moreover, a set of probabilistic analysis is also performed for the suitable tunnel lining materials decided through deterministic analyses using Monte Carlo simulations. The results obtained are normal random distribution curves depicting the extent of deformation in lining materials. A probability failure curve is also proposed for the suitable lining materials.

The present work reports the synthesis of a composite of TiO2 nanosheets (NS) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for supercapacitor applications. The formation of composite has been achieved via a simple one-pot hydrothermal method. The rGO/TiO2 NS composite was used to fabricate a flexible electrode which, in presence of 1 M H2SO4 as an electrolyte, has shown a high specific capacitance of 233.67 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g within a potential window of 0–1 V. This enhanced supercapacitance of the rGO/TiO2 NS electrode is attributed to the synergistic effects from TiO2 and rGO NS which help in to attain a low equivalent series resistance and enhanced ion diffusion. Furthermore, the fabricated composite electrode has displayed a long-term cyclic stability, retaining a specific capacitance of 98.2% even after 2000 charge–discharge cycles. The proposed rGO/TiO2 NS electrode has delivered high values of energy (32.454 Wh/kg) and power (716.779 W/kg) densities. Interestingly, it is possible to retrieve a sufficiently high energy density of 24.576 Wh/kg which could generate a power density value of as high as 2142.84 W/kg. The above results reveal that the herein proposed thin film composite of rGO/TiO2 NS can offer extraordinary performance as a supercapacitor electrode compared to its nanotubes or nanoparticles.

A strictly aerobic, alkaliphilic, Gram-stain-positive, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain AK74T, was isolated from a water sample collected from Sambhar salt lake, Rajasthan, India. Colonies were circular, 1.2 mm in diameter, shiny, smooth, whitish and convex with an entire margin after 48 h growth at 37 °C with pH 9.0. Growth occurred at 25-42 °C, 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl and at a pH of 7-12. Strain AK74T was positive for aesculinase, caseinase, lipase activities and negative for oxidase, catalase, amylase, cellulase, DNase, gelatinase and urease activities. The fatty acids were dominated by branched iso-, anteiso- and saturated fatty acids with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 and the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The DNA G+C content of strain AK74T was 51.6 mol%. A blast sequence similarity search based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Bacillus niabensis, Bacillus idriensisand Bacillus halosaccharovorans were the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, with a pair-wise sequence similarities of 96.6, 96.6 and 96.5%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain AK74T clustered with Bacillus mangrove and together clustered with Bacillus idriensisand Bacillus indicus. Based on its phenotypic characteristics and on phylogenetic inference, strain AK74T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacilluslacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AK74T (=MTCC 12638T=KCTC 33946T=JCM 32185T).

A novel Gram-negative, rod shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated strain YK2T, was isolated from yak milk from Leh, India. The strain was positive for oxidase- and catalase-activities and negative for starch hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, citrate utilization, urease, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 1ω9c and C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (summed feature 3). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid and six unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 38.9 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain YK2T was a member of the genus Sphingobacterium and closely related to Sphingobacterium alimentarium and Sphingobacterium composti with pair-wise sequence similarity of 98.3 and 97.9 %, respectively. The sequence similarity to other members of the genus Sphingobacterium was between 92.6 to 96.3 %. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain YK2T clustered with Sphingobacterium alimentarium and together clustered with Sphingobacterium composti . DNA–DNA hybridization of strain YK2T with Sphingobacterium alimentarium WCC 4521T and Sphingobacterium composti T5-12T showed a relatedness of only 38 and 54 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and on phylogenetic inference, it appears that strain YK2T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium , for which the name Sphingobacterium bovisgrunnientis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Sphingobacterium bovisgrunnientis sp. nov. is YK2T (=MTCC 12631T=KCTC 52685T=JCM 31951T).

Anemia is a leading public health problem that contributes substantially to women’s health even today. Prevalence of anemia is very high in vulnerable groups especially in children and women of reproductive age. However, it is more evident in pregnant women and young girls. Reproductive age is a period where remarkable growth changes occurs necessitating optimum nutrition requirement. Anemia has been known to be responsible for a number of maternal and fetal complications. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common anemia with high prevalence rate. In India, national and regional surveys, estimates that the prevalence of anemia could be as high as 74 per cent in children below three years of age, 85% in expectant mothers and 90 per cent among adolescent girls in some population groups. Anemia is the second most common cause of maternal death in India accounting for 20% of total maternal deaths. Due to IDA, women are at increased risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight which eventually leads to behavioural and affective disorder in children. The aim of this review focuses on the prevalence of IDA and its influence on young women and maternal health.

The practice of information technologies promotes colleges to provide effectual and current information services. When, staff and students are capable of using these technologies in an effective manner. The changing paradigm of these communication technologies has no doubt gained a momentum in Indian higher education. The Internet is used by faculty, staff, and students in obtaining information. Information and communication, the teaching, learning and research activities in the college will be much easier for the students to further enhance their kwnoeldge. ICT usage will enable development since there will be a free flow of information. The electronic revolution, specifically, the Internet is tapering the information gap. The power of web technology is allowing the producers of a variety of information to distribute their creativity at low cost and high speed. The internet is the doorway for researchers, colleges, and information centres to move into the electronic information era and is delivering the information, generated by different organizations, institutions, research centres and individuals all over the world.

Mung bean is a rich source of protein, carbohydrates and fiber content. It also exhibits a high level of antioxidant activity due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Aspergillus flavus and A. niger are the two major fungal strains associated with stored mung bean that lead to post-harvest losses of grains and also cause serious health risks to human beings. Thus there is a need to explore an economical decontamination method that can be used without affecting the biochemical parameters of grains.; Results: It was observed that infrared (IR) treatment of mung bean surface up to 70 °C for 5 min at an intensity of 0.299 kW m-2 led to complete visible inhibition of fungal growth. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface irregularities and physical disruption of spores coat are the major reasons behind the inactivation of IR-treated fungal spores. It was also reported that IR treatment up to 70 °C for 5 min does not cause any negative impact on the biochemical and physical properties of mung bean.; Conclusion: From the results of the present study, it was concluded that IR treatment at 70 °C for 5 min using an IR source having an intensity of 0.299 kW m-2 can be successfully used as a method of fungal decontamination. The fungal spore population was reduced (approximately 5.3 log10 CFU g-1 reductions) without significantly altering the biochemical and physical properties of grains. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

The present study aimed to investigate changes in the fundamental rheological properties of dough prepared from wheat grains stored for 6 months at 20 °C, at ambient temperature (temperature varied with time) and at 4 °C. Stress/shear rate ramp, oscillation and creep-recovery tests were performed to assess the changes in rheological properties as a result of storage.; Results: Samples were observed to be non-Newtonian; thus, the Bingham model estimated the yield stress, which was maximum for the wheat stored under ambient conditions and minimum for wheat stored at 20 °C. The stress required to break the bonds was maximum for wheat-dough stored under ambient conditions and minimum for wheat stored at 20 °C. Wheat stored at 20 °C also had the highest maximum creep and recovery strain. The viscoelastic properties of the three wheat-dough samples were compared.; Conclusion: The results obtained in the present study show that the wheat-dough prepared under ambient conditions behaves as a rigid and stiff material. The dough prepared from wheat stored at 20 °C had the maximum elasticity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.