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This study aimed to determine the effect of explain-analysis-doing discussion or known as ex-add learning techniques on critical thinking skills and pedagogic competence of Islamic religious education students at State Islamic University (UIN) Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi and at UIN Raden Fatah Palembang, Indonesia. The approach used quantitative with quasiexperimental techniques. The number seen in this study was 31 students from UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. The data were obtained using tests, namely pretest, and posttest. The test instrument was in the form of multiple-choice questions, each consisting of 40 questions. Data analysis was carried out using percentage techniques, N-gain analysis, and a T-test. Based on the data and discussion that has been done, it can be concluded that the ex-add technique in 'learning methods and strategies' can increase critical thinking skill (CTS) and pedagogic competence (PC) respectively by 78 0.23% in the 'high' category and 59.81% in the 'medium' category. This is reinforced by the results of the T-test that both variables obtain a value (2- tailed) of 0.000<0.05. This means that there is an average difference between the pretest and posttest scores for each variable. In other words, it can be said that the increase in student CTS and PC after participating in learning with the ex-add technique is significant.

Blackening is a problem occurring in crustaceans, such as shrimps, during post-mortem storage. Although blackspot seems to be harmless to consumers, it decreases the product’s market value, consu-mer’s acceptance and causes a considerable financial loss. The objective of the study was to determine the best Allium extracts from five Allium types with the ability to inhibit blackspot and apply the extracts on whiteleg shrimp. The five types of Allium were red onion (Allium cepa L. var Aggregatum), garlic (Allium sativum), yellow onion (Allium cepa Linneaus), leek (Allium fistulosum) and chives (Allium schoenoprasum L). Extraction of Allium was conducted using 80% methanol as the solvent. The dry extracts were tested in vitro using a commercial polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme and a melanosis test was conducted on whiteleg shrimp treated with the extracts and stored at 0°C for 10 days. The results showed that the highest inhibition of blackspot formation was obtained by red onion extract at 69.79±1.91% and the lowest was by garlic extract at 14.06±1.41%. The shrimps dipped in red onion extract had the lowest melanosis values and browning index values at 5.1±0.8 and 16.76±0.94, respectively. Red onion extract had the best ability to inhibit blackspot and has the potential to be used in shrimp.

Delivering request is not only influenced by linguistic factors, but also by socio-cultural factors. Some studies have reported the interaction between linguistic and socio-cultural factors in delivering requests in many different languages. However, this issue is rarely explored in Javanese (language). The aim of this study is to investigate the politeness strategies, the linguistic markers, and the social contexts commonly used to deliver requests in Javanese. The data were collected and sorted from the conversations among the Javanese people in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, when making speech acts to deliver requests. Having been sorted, the data were analysed using the deconstructive method to reveal the linguistic markers commonly used by the Javanese speakers to deliver requests and the social-cultural backgrounds which influence the choice of the politeness strategies. This research shows that (1) there are four types (most direct, direct, less direct, and indirect) of politeness strategies in Javanese, (2) there are four linguistic devices (sentence moods, speech levels, passive voice, and supposition/condition) as the markers of the politeness strategies and (3) the choices of the levels are strongly influenced by the social contexts (social distance, age, social status or power, and the size of imposition) among the tenors. The appropriate strategies for delivering requests in Javanese will make the communication among the interlocutors run harmoniously.

This article reports an analysis of teacher students' teaching achievement in designing lesson plans, improving teaching practice, and developing teacher competency. The research followed a mixed method research design, combining quantitative and qualitative data. It further employed a one-group pretest-posttest design in a quasi-experimental approach with the participants observed to obtain the needed data for further statistical analysis. The findings reveal that Tadaluring Microteaching Learning Model (TMLM), with its five-component microteaching cycle (e.g. syntax, social systems, principles of reactions, support systems, and effects of models) helps teacher students improve teaching achievement in Microteaching course by providing extra resources of experience to improve lesson plan design, teaching practice implementation, and teacher competence enhancement. This study also examines the experiences of both supervisors and teacher students in implementing the five components of the TMLM microteaching cycle. It reports that teacher students are able to design good lesson plans after participating in the TMLM microteaching cycle. It further shows the five components of the TMLM microteaching cycle aroused the teacher students' positive attitude and motivation to create and improve teaching practice during peer teaching sessions while improving their personality and social competence at the same time. This study provides a better understanding that the use of TMLM's five components in the microteaching cycle can support teacher students' teaching performance effectively in the future.

Abstract The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) class is a paradigmatic example of universality in nonequilibrium phenomena, but clear experimental evidences of asymptotic 2D-KPZ statistics are still very rare, and far less understanding stems from its short-time behavior. We tackle such issues by analyzing surface fluctuations of CdTe films deposited on polymeric substrates, based on a huge spatio-temporal surface sampling acquired through atomic force microscopy. A pseudo-steady state (where average surface roughness and spatial correlations stay constant in time) is observed at initial times, persisting up to deposition of ~104 monolayers. This state results from a fine balance between roughening and smoothening, as supported by a phenomenological growth model. KPZ statistics arises at long times, thoroughly verified by universal exponents, spatial covariance and several distributions. Recent theoretical generalizations of the Family-Vicsek scaling and the emergence of log-normal distributions during interface growth are experimentally confirmed. These results confirm that high vacuum vapor deposition of CdTe constitutes a genuine 2D-KPZ system, and expand our knowledge about possible substrate-induced short-time behaviors.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a medicinal plant that is commonly used as spice and preservative. Many types of endophytic fungi have been reported as being associated with medicinal plants and able to synthesize secondary metabolites. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from all plant parts of turmeric plants. Identification of the endophytic fungi was done using morphological characteristics and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA. The dual culture method was used for screening antibacterial activity of the endophytic fungi against Morganella morganii, a common histamine-producing bacteria. The disc diffusion method was used to test the ability of water fractions of selected endophytic fungi to inhibit M. morganii growth. Two-dimensional thin layer chromatography was used to determine the fungal extract inhibition activity on histamine formation. In total, 11 endophytic fungi were successfully isolated and identified as Arthrobotrys foliicola, Cochliobolus kusanoi, Daldinia eschscholzii, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Phaeosphaeria ammophilae. Five isolates showed inhibition activity against M. morganii in the dual culture tests. Based on the disc diffusion assay, A. foliicola and F. verticillioides inhibited the growth of M. morganii as a histamine-producing bacteria, and inhibiting histamine formation in fish. The best effects in inhibiting growth of the histamine-producing bacteria and histamine formation inhibition in fish were produced with F. verticillioides water fraction at 0°C incubation.

This research aims to determine the effect of characteristic of audit committee consists of independence, competence, frequency of meeting, the size of the audit committee, tenure of audit committe, and multiple directorship of audit committee on the audit quality with the company size and leverage as control variables.In this research, Audit Quality measured on scale public accounting firm (KAP), with the proxied by Big Four and Non Big Four. Population of this research are manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014. The procedure of sample selection using purposive sampling technique. The samples used were 79 companies. Methods of data analysis using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. These results indicate that characteristic of audit committee and audit quality simultaneously was fit or match the data. The partial test results showed that independence and audit committee tenure have a negative significant effect on the audit quality. While competence and multiple directorship of audit committee members is not affected by the audit quality. However, frequency of meeting and the size members of audit committee has a positive significant effect on the audit quality.

Teripang merupakan salah satu echinodermata yang memiliki kandungan protein tinggi dan sekitar 70% dari proteinnya merupakan kolagen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas inhibitor Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) dan antioksidan dari peptida kolagen teripang Gama (Stichopus variegatus). Ekstraksi kolagen dilakukan menggunakan asam asetat 0,5 M. Peptida kolagen diperoleh melalui hidrolisis kolagen menggunakan enzim pepsin dengan konsentrasi 0,1 U/g kolagen, selama 0; 30; 60; 90; 120; 180; dan 240 menit. Aktivitas inhibitor ACE dan antioksidan peptida kolagen diuji dengan metode spektroskopi. Kolagen yang dihasilkan memiliki rendemen 16,40% dengan berat molekul 130,33 kDa. Aktivitas inhibitor ACE tertinggi dihasilkan dari proses hidrolisis selama 180 menit dengan penghambatan sebesar 82,31%, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dihasilkan oleh peptida kolagen dari hidrolisis kolagen selama 120 menit dengan nilai IC50 1,9 mg/ml.

The pattern of high consumption of fat can lead to hypercholesterolemia were accompanied by increased levels of LDL which resulted in LDL oxidation, accompanied by an inflammatory reaction that can lead to liver tissue damage resulting in increased expression of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (INOS) and changes in liver histopathology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of goat milk yogurt supplementation on the expression of INOS and liver histopathology picture. This study used 20 male rats, Wistar strain aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 150-200g. Giving goat milk yogurt for 42 days with a dose of 300mg/kg, 600mg/kg, and 900mg/kg and giving dietary hypercholesterolemia by administering poached quail egg yolk, lard, and cholic acid by the stomach sonde for 14 days. Parameters measured were the expression of INOS and liver histopathology picture. The analysis used in this study is the One Way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test 5%. The results showed that administration of goat milk yogurt as a precaution hypercholesterolemia at a dose of 300mg/kg, 600mg/kg and 900mg/kg give a highly significant effect (p

Abstract: Javanese has been studied from many different perspectives. However, no one discusses how Javanese respond to compliments politely. The aim of this study is to investigate the politeness strategies as applied to respond to compliments by the Javanese people in Jember, East Java. The notion of politeness plays crucial role in the realization of speech acts (utterances and verbal communication) in Javanese, such as responding to compliements. As utterances and verbal communications should be interpreted based on the sosio-cultural background, the politeness strategies in responding to compliments in Javanese cannot be separated from the concepts of the Javanese culture, such as: andhap-asor (lowering oneself, while exalting the others) and tanggap ing sasmita (understanding the hidden meaning). First, as a Javanese, one must be able to apply the concept of andhap-asor in responding to compliments by denigrating himself. Second, a good Javanese should also have a sense of tanggap ing sasmita while responding to compliments. Consequently, failure to apply one of the cultural factors can be detrimental to the speaker, reducing the harmony of the conversation. This paper examines how politeness is manifested and conveyed within the major framework of the Javanese culture. This study is about socio-cultural pragmatics in which utterances are discussed in relation to their situations, and the cultural background which support them. The data are in the form of dialogues among students-teachers, and students-students which show the different social status among the interlocutors. The data of this research were collected by recording, and by note taking (for the parts in which recording is not possible). The data are aimed to generate the strategies used by the Javanese (in Jember, Indonesia) to build politeness strategies in responding to compliments. Finally, the data of this research are examined both from the general theory of politeness, and the Javanese cultural concepts (andhap-asor and tanggap ing sasmita). This study provides important findings which reveal that responding to compliments in Javanese can be achieved in five strategies: (1) disagreeing and denigrating, (2) disagreing and raising a question, (3) accepting and turning back, (4) accepting and giving explanation, and (5) accepting only, or accepting and offering.

The purpose of this article was to know the implementation of regional health insurance. This research is empirical juridical research. This research was conducted with field research aimed at the implementation of regional health insurance after the enactment of Sleman Regent Regulation No. 60 of 2012. The results of this research indicated that the implementation of regional health insurance after the enactment of Sleman Regent Regulation No. 60 of 2012 follow: Regional Health Insurance Program in Sleman District has a goal to provide quality and affordable services to the community, maximizing health financing for the Sleman Slum community. Each JAMKESDA participant had the right to receive basic health services including outpatient and inpatient services, as well as Advanced Advanced Outpatient Health Care (RJTL), Advanced Inpatient (RITL), delivery and emergency care services. Constraints faced include limited local budgets for regional financing and inadequate health facilities and resources. In addition, other obstacles related to procedural administrative, constraints derived from data collection, constraints that are socio cultural and human resource constraints (HR). Keywords: Implementation, Health Insurance, Regional.

Mycelium of mushroom contained high protein, which determined its functional characteristics such as water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OAC), emulsion stability, and gel formation. This study aimed to determine the protein functional properties of Pleurotus flabellatus and Volvariella volvacea mycelia. Information obtained can be used to increase utilization of the mycelia as source of food. Mycelia biomass were obtained by growing the fungal cultures in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) on shaker at 100-150 rpm. Mycelia were harvested three times at 7, 8, and 9-days after inoculation for measuring their protein contents by kjehdahl method. Functional properties of mycelium protein measured were WHC, OAC, emulsion stability, and gel formation by folding test method. Based on the analysis of protein content in dry weight basis, 8-day old P. flabellatus and V. volvacea mycelia produced the highest protein contents with the value were 31.72 and 19.98%, respectively. Further analysis of protein functional properties showed that P. flabellatus mycelium had 10.38% of WHC, 0.52 mL/g of OAC, 57.14% of emulsion stability and gel strength level with the valueof 2, whereas the V. volvacea mycelium had 15.89% of WHC, 0.80 mL/g of OAC, 48.69% of emulsion stability, and did not form a gel. Protein functional properties of P. flabellatus were better than that of V. volvacea mycelium in terms of protein content, emulsion stability, and gel formation.

This article is a part of the research result conducted in Jember, East Java, about metafunctions, register, and generic structures of Friday sermon texts. The focus of this article is the techniques of topic development through thematic patterns as one of the realizations of textual meanings. The data of the research were collected by recording four different khatib’s (preacher’s) speeches in four different Friday sermons through participatory observations in January, February, and September 2012. The recorded data were transcribed into a written text called Friday sermon texts (FSTs). Next, the data were analyzed to study the topic development in the clause complex level, in the paragraph level, and in the text level. The result of the research shows that the topics in Friday sermon texts in the clause levels were developed through three thematic patterns, namely: Pattern 1: Theme-Theme, Pattern 2: Theme-Rheme-Theme, and Pattern 3: Theme-Theme-Rheme-Theme. The development of the topics in the paragraph level is done mainly by a deductive method, that is by placing a Hyper-theme in the initial position of the paragraph. In the text level, the topic discussion is developed through Macro-theme and Macro-rheme structure, in which the Macro-themes mostly occupy the beginnings of the texts, namely: the first paragraph (FST 3), the second paragraph (FST 1 and 4) and the third paragraph (FST 2). In addition to be the device for developing the topics, thematic patterns also contribute to build a coherent text.

Tourism sector is one of the activities that have a strategic role in support international economic developmentin the era of globalization. Influence the development of the tourism industy for the development of the region in the vicinity of the attractions, so as to act as leading industries, the sectors that can boost the economy. The existence o fthe tourism sector will be able to create jobs that will boost the income of the people in the tourist areas When associated with economic developrnent with a balanced growth, tourism can be expected to hold a decisive roleandcan be used a cacatalyst to develop ot her sectors of development. Meanwhile, the economic impact pariwista development can have positive or negative. Its positive impactis(1) create jobs; (2) increasing opportunities, (3) increase the income of the people in the tourist area around. While the negative impact on the environment tis the natural, built environment and cultural environment.

Artikel ini merupakan sebagian dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Jember, Jawa Timur, tentang kepaduan konteks situasi dan konteks budaya pada teks khotbah Jumat. Yang menjadi fokus artikel ini adalah teknik-teknik retorika persuasi yang digunakan khatib untuk mempengaruhi jamaah pada ritual khotbah Jumat. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan merekam suara khatib melalui observasi partisipasi, kemudian data lisan ditranskrip ke dalam teks lisan-tertulis. Kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung unsur persuasif dianalisis guna mengidentifikasi teknik-teknik persuasif yang digunakan khatib untuk mempengaruhi jamaah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa retorika persuasi dalam khotbah Jumat diterapkan melalui berbagai teknik, seperti: teknik persuasi langsung dan tak langsung, penggunaan majas, acuan, ceritera, analogi, dan teknik hubungan sebab akibat.

Alkali Treated Cottonii (ATC) merupakan hasil olahan rumput laut merah (Eucheuma cottonii) dengan perlakuan alkali. Kondisi proses seperti konsentrasi KOH, suhu dan waktu proses akan berpengaruh pada kuantitas dan kualitas ATC yang dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara variabel input dan mengembangkan model prediksi yang digunakan dalam mengoptimalisasi kondisi proses pengolahan ATC. Program Design Expert 7.0® dengan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box-Behnken Design digunakan untuk meneliti dan memilih kondisi proses dari kombinasi tingkat faktor yang menghasilkan respon yang optimal. Berdasarkan RSM Box-Behnken Design diketahui bahwa efek utama dari konsentrasi KOH, suhu dan waktu pengolahan merupakan faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap nilai respon ATC. Hubungan antara variabel terhadap respon rendemen ATC dimodelkan Y = -0,97A + 6,59B – 1,79C – 0,045B2, sedangkan nilai kekuatan gel dimodelkan Y = 29030,24A + 1488,61B – 521,90C – 406,91AB – 64,50AC – 1984,79A2 + 344,21C2 + 28,02A2B. Nilai respon optimal ATC adalah 92,8%, dengan kondisi proses pengolahan konsentrasi KOH 6%, suhu 78.67°C dengan waktu 1 jam.

This study set out to compare the literacy of assessment for learning (AfL) of preservice English teachers in Indonesia and Malaysia. The focus was on how pre-service teachers majoring in English education in the two countries understood the concept of AfL which includes the six dimensions- framework, namely teachers as assessors, teachers as pedagogists, teachers as student partners, teachers as motivators, teachers as learners, and teachers as a stakeholder partner. It involved 451 pre-service English teachers. A total of 42 items of the AfL questionnaire developed by Alonzo (2016) was used in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis with Mplus version 7.2 were used to see whether the pre-service English teachers had the same perception in terms of the six dimensions. Subsequently, MANOVA was used to see whether dimensions that emerged differed significantly by the respondents' gender and their highest expected education. The results showed that the six dimensions of assessment for learning emerged from the data collected from the preservice English teachers in the two countries. Some significant differences on the six dimensions were found in relation to their gender and expected education.

This study aimed to determine the sequence of welding and the consequences that occur when the sequence of welding / welding sequence without a supported method of anticipating the occurrence of the pull of welding, the following ways to overcome it. All welding procedures have been implemented, but if not followed by the installation of equipment / tools that support the construction of certain sections, there will be pull welding of large, considering the construction of this very vulnerable Bracket I pull the weld. The position taken by the pull of welding, the center of I Bracket less to the left, less right, less rise, and less down. From the results of this study can be obtained data about the sequence of welding, welding method of the right to obtain maximum results for First Bracket construction welding jobs, find ways to overcome / cope in the event that lead to I pull welding Bracket less to the left, less right, less go up, less down, and get the alignment deviation according to the rule that conditioned. Results deviation below the alignment of the top 0.00 mm, bottom 0.15 mm, left 0.15 mm, right 0.17 mm.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencucian terhadap sifat fungsional daging lumat ikan patin siam (Pangasius hypopthalmus). Ikan patin siam hidup diperoleh dari kolam ikan di Parung, Bogor. Ikan diberok selama 24 jam, kemudian ikan dimatikan dengan perendaman dalam air es selama ± 20 menit. Daging dipisahkan dari tulang dan kulit hingga diperoleh filet daging. Filet dicuci dan dilumatkan dengan mincer. Daging lumat yang diperoleh dicuci satu sampai tiga kali dalam air pada s uhu 4–5oC dengan rasio 1:5 (w/v), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penyaringan dan pengepresan. Sebagai kontrol adalah daging lumat yang dipress tanpa melalui pencucian dan penyaringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencucian satu kali menghasilkan sifat fungsional terbaik dalam hal water holding capacity41,98%, sifat emulsi (aktivitas emulsi 0,37 dan stabilitas emulsi 48,37%), serta kekuatan gel 1364 g cm. Komposisi proksimat daging lumat dengan pencucian satu kali menghasilkan kadar air 81,21%, protein 87,25% (bk), abu 1,63% (bk), dan lemak 10,29% (bk).

Every language may have some entities which may not be owned by another language. The uniqueness of a language is strongly influenced by the culture of its native speakers. Therefore, languages vary cross-culturally. I strongly believe that the way the Javanese people (one of the Indonesian ethnic groups) express politeness is also influenced by the Javanese culture. This article tries to examine the reflection of some concepts of Javanese cultures such as: tata krama, andhap-asor, and tanggap ing sasmita (the language styles, humbling oneself while exalting others, and being able to catch the hidden meaning). The approaches used in this study are based on politeness theory, e.g. Brown and Levinson (1987), Leech (1983), Grice (1975, 1981), and Lakoff (1973, 1990). Finally, this study proves that the forms and the politeness strategies used in Javanese are really bound by the Javanese concepts. As a result, it is almost impossible to conduct politeness in Javanese without comprehending and applying those cultural concepts.

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dominasi dan ketidaksetaraan hubungan antara Kreditor dan Debitor dalam Surat Perjanjian Pembiayaan Kendaraan (SPPK). Sumber data adalah dokumen SPPK yang dikeluarkan oleh PT Toyota Astra Financial Services Cabang Jember. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik simak dan catat. Analisis menggunakan kerangka teori wacana kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kreditor sebagai pihak yang berkuasa mendominasi pemroduksian teks SPPK, mencakup: perumusan isi surat perjanjian, penataan urutan bagian-bagian, proses pembuatan, dan penandatanganan. Mengacu pada isi perjanjian, pihak Kreditor menunjukkan dominasi terhadap Debitor. Hal itu terungkap melalui pasal-pasal yang selalu berpihak dan melindungi kepentingan Kreditor serta tidak adanya pasal yang berpihak pada Debitor. Fakta tersebut membuktikan bahwa relasi sosial didominasi oleh Kreditor, sehingga terjadi hubungan yang tidak setara. Kata kunci: Kreditor, Debitor, dominasi, ketidaksetaraan, surat perjanjian

A language learner often faces many linguistic differences, especially if the native language and the target language are from different language families. The current study investigates the grammatical errors made by the first year students of the English Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Jember, Indonesia. The data were collected from 30 participants essays of Writing 01 class (documentary data) conducted from August to December 2014. Having been identified, the errors were classified into various categorizations, and analyzed based on descriptive-interpretative method to find the possible sources of the errors. The research revealed that the learners committed ten types of grammatical errors, and the six mostly prominent errors were plural form, subject-verb agreement, verb tense, word form, subject/verb omission, and passive voice respectively. This research also showed that the errors mostly resulted from the different linguistic principles of Indonesian and English (interlingual transfer), and partly from the faulty of overgeneralization of English rules (intralingual transfer). The overt influences of Indonesian to English as well as the overgeneralization of English rules can provide the writing teachers and course designers with insightful guidelines for better understanding of the sources of errors, which in turn, can help them to apply the more appropriate approaches to manage the foreign language learners errors of the year students

This study aims to analyze the implementation of pre-lesson reading activities, analyze the impact of pre-lesson reading activities on creative thinking skills, and analyze the constraints of pre-lesson reading activities on creative thinking skills. This research was conducted at State Elementary School 1 Karangduwur, Kebumen, Indonesia. Meanwhile, the subjects of this study were fifth-grade students. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. The researcher chose the school because the school became a reference school for Kebumen Regency which had implemented the school literacy movement. The researchers employed observation, interview, test, and documentation techniques to collect data. Then, data analysis was carried out by applying the interactive analysis steps from Miles and Huberman. The steps taken include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results revealed that pre-lesson reading activities were implemented by maximizing the roles of principals, teachers, and students through monitoring, providing, mentoring, and evaluating programs. The impact of reading activities before class is to increase students' creative thinking skills with the highest order being originality, followed by fluency, elaboration, and finally flexibility. The obstacles encountered were the limited number of readings, limited time, lack of educational content, lack of student experience and low student understanding. These findings can be utilized as references and relevant studies for future researchers to conduct similar studies. Future researchers can analyze the implementation, impacts, and constraints in the classroom wall magazine, reading corner, or literacy tree program in elementary schools.

Case-based study has a lot of potential in supporting the success of learning outcomes needed in the 21st century, one of which is critical thinking skills. However, there are very few studies related to case-based study to promote critical thinking skills. Therefore, this study will analyze the effectiveness of case-based study in improving students' critical thinking skills. In this research, case-based study is carried out with engage, research, present (ERP) instructional model. The ERP model has potential and is in accordance with case-based study schemes for the university level. In addition, this study was also conducted to analyze the achievement of student independence in conducting research to solve a problem. This study used a non-equivalent control group research design with 70 samples divided into the experimental group (N = 35) and the control group (N = 35). The instrument used is a standardized test of critical thinking skills developed by Ennis, namely the Cornell Critical Thinking Test (CCTT) level X and an observation sheet for student independence in solving problems. The results showed that case-based learning using the ERP model (experimental group) was more effective than case-based learning without the ERP model (control group). However, the learning process carried out in groups is effective in improving critical thinking skills. This shows that case giving is quite effective in supporting critical thinking skills. In addition, the dominance of the achievement of student independence in conducting research (in the experimental group) to solve problems is at level 3, namely scaffolded research. The implication is that case-based learning is suitable for use in improving critical thinking skills at the university level.

Learning is a part of student life, but not all students enjoy learning. Long texts and uninteresting content make students lose interest. We suggest changing the conventional learning method to a new way by using the thematic learning system as a learning tool to overcome this problem. Several kinds of literature have used learning system technology to help students learn new concepts. By combining digital and physical environments, learning activities can be more enjoyable. This article wants to evaluate the effectiveness and results of using the learning system for educational purposes by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The relationship between conventional learning and thematic learning systems is also considered. Based on our research, we can conclude that using a thematic learning system as a learning tool helps students learn better and be active in thematic subjects. Learning method by combining Google meeting features, learning materials and learning evaluations. Therefore, the thematic learning system can be used to concretely study the structure of abstract concepts. In addition, students find the thematic learning system interesting, which motivates them to learn more. Students can also easily remember information because the experience is more interesting. In general, thematic learning systems are more effective than learning media. Because students can more easily understand the material reproduced in learning and practice, further research and development will make thematic learning systems a more promising learning tool in the future.

The hypoglycemic response to Lablab nonprotein fraction (NPK) was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of Lablab nonprotein fraction diet on the blood glucose concentration and the lipid peroxide level of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Two months old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, each group contained of 5 rats. Three groups were diabetic rats induced by alloxan injection (110 mg/kg of body weight by intra-pheritonial injection) while one group was a control,normal rat. The experiment groups were (1) normal (group I), (2) diabetic (group II), (3) diabetic+cholesteol 0.5% (control group, group III), and (4) diabetic+cholesterol 0.5% + lablab NPK (group IV). The concentration of rat’s blood glucose were periodically measured during diet intervenion (day 0,14,27, and 42). The Lipid peroxide was evaluated as the concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) both in serum and liver of the rats by Thiobarbituric Acid Reactivity Test methode. The result demonstrated that after 42 days of intervention, the Lablab nonprotein diet decreased the blood glucose concentrations from 444.00 + 143.00 mg/dl to 310.50 +111.40 mg/dl (30%), while control group has decreased the blood glucose concentration from 458.00 +164.99 mg/dl to 455.33 + 81.95 mg/dl (0.6%). Lablab nonprotein diet significantly (P

The study were investigated antibacterial activity of liquid smoke from coconut shell and its applications of fishball at room temperature (27–280C) and refrigeration temperature (4±10C). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of liquid smokel against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were determined using broth or agar dilution methods. Liquid smoke showed bactericidal effects with P. aeruginosa than S. aureus. MIC of liquid smoke was 0.40% against S. aureus and 0.22% against P. aeruginosa. Trial in fishball, showed that boiling in 2.5% liquid smoke and storage at 27–280C and 4±10C were inhibited the growth of total bacteria and increased shelflife 16 hours and 8 days than no treatment (based on SNI 01-3819-1995), respectively, and retarded the increased in pH and moisture content after storage. The results indicated that liquid smoke was an effective inhibitor of fishball spoilage

The objective of this research was to study the food satefy of coconut shell liquid smoke for food products by acute toxicity test and identification of volatile compounds by means of Gas Chromatograpy-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Acute toxicity test of these product were assessed by determination of LD50 dose (the single dose which causes the death of half the tset animals) based on OECD 402 (2001) Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Three of mice are used for each step. The dose level to be used is selected of five fixed levels, 0, 50, 500, 5.000, and 15.000mgkg-1 body weight. Result indicated that LD50 dose of this liquid smoke are more than 15.000mg.kg-1 body weight of mice. Based on regulation by the Indonesian Goverenment (Regulation 74/RI/ 2001), liquid smoke with LD50 value more than 15.000mg.kg-1 body weight of mice, this product was no toxic and safe for food products. Identification of volatile compound liquid smoke was start by extracted thes product using dicloromethane as solvent. Result Of GC-MS showed that liquid smoke comprise 40 components. From GC-MS spectra were identified 7 peaks with a higher proportions. They were identified as 2-Metoxypenol (guaiacol), 3,4-Dimethoxyphenol, Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-methyphenol, 4-Ethyl-2-metoxyphenol, 3-Methyphenol, and 5-Methyl-1,2,3-trymethoxy benzene. Neither benzo [a]pyrene is regarded as a marker of the carcinogenic prperties were found in this liquid smoke. benzo [a]pyrene nor other polycyclic aromatic compounds with cacinogenic compounds in food products, althogh in foods the maximum level of 10ug.kg-1 for benzo [a]pyrene has been set by the European Commission. Analytical procedurs based on extarction of the gydrocarbons from the matrix, separation by Gas Chromatography (GC), followed by detection by Mass Spectroscopy (MS), make it possible to determine polycylclic aromatic compounds including benzo[a]pyrene in food products

High quality maltooligosaccharides were produced from indigenous Indonesian black potato starch by making use of an amylase from Brevibacterium sp. Optimal production was achieved at 2.5% (w/v) substrate concentration, an enzyme-substrate ratio of 1:5 (w/v) and hydrolysis time of 4 h. Under such conditions the yield of reducing sugars was 14 240 ppm with a polymerization degree of 16. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the formation of glucose, maltose, and maltotriose with Rf values of 0.60, 0.52, and 0.37, respectively. HPLC analysis of freeze-dried samples disclosed Rf values of 0.60, 0.50, 0.37, and 0.12. Maltooligosaccharide profile analysis both using TLC and HPLC showed that the enzymatically hydrolyzed samples contained glucose, maltose, and maltotriose. Thus, black potato starch can be randomly converted into simple sugars and maltooligosaccharides applying by amylolytic enzymes from the marine microbe Brevibacterium sp.

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is knowledge of indigenous people's best practices in contact with nature gained through centuries of experience. One way to transmit the experiences is folktales about corn and vegetable planting in Tawangmangu Sub-district, Central Java, Indonesia. Today, young generations do not recognize the folktales and thus do not understand the important values implied in the stories about non-rice food security. This condition triggers the importance of literacy of folktales among local students. This study aims at investigating the effects of folktale-based comics on the level of students' mastery of TEK through quasi-experimental research. The population in this study includes fifth-grade elementary students in Tawangmangu. The experimental group was given treatment with folktale-based comics, while the control group received treatment with texts. The instrument used to measure the students' literacy level of TEK was a multiple-choice test with 38 items. The results have proven the significant contribution of folktale-based comics to the students' mastery of TEK, indicated by the large category of the Cohen test. Therefore, teachers are recommended to take advantage of educational comics to improve students' literacy in the local cultural wealth that is becoming extinct.