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Trematosoma rotunda (Allgénı 1952) = Acineta rotunda Allgénı 1952 = Nematacineta rotunda (Allgénı 1952) = Conchacineta rotunda (Allgénı 1952) = Acineta ovoidea Allgénı 1952 Report as epibionts on nematodes The species was described by Allgén (1952 ı 1955) from the nematodes Desmodorella tenuispiculum (Allgénı 1928) (= Desmodora tenuispiculum Allgénı 1928) and Croconema stateni Allgénı 1928 (= Desmodora stateni Allgénı 1928) from the Antarctic (Graham Land) and the Falkland Islands. Dovgal et al. (2009a) reported this species on the nematode Pseudochromadora sp. from Ratnagiriı Maharastra Stateı central west coast of India (Arabian Sea). Based on the figure given by Fisher (2003) ı found at nematode Pseudochromadora cazca Gerlachı 1956 ı from the intertidal zone of North-Eastern Queenslandı Australia Dovgal et al. (2009a) identified these ciliates ‘probably as Trematosoma rotunda (Allgénı 1952) ’. Bhattacharjee (2014) reported the same species on the nematode host Chromaspirina sp from Rushikulya (Odisha State of India)ı north-western Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean. Ansari and Bhadury (2016) reported this species on the nematode Dorylaimopsis punctata Ditlevsenı 1918 from Sagar Islandı Sundarban mangrove ecosystemı Indiaı Bay of Bengal. Ghosh and Mandal (2019) reported this species as epibiont on Desmodora scaldensis de Man 1889 from the subtidal zone of Matla estuaryı Sundarbanı India. Remarks The species Acineta rotunda was transferred to the genus Trematosoma by Dovgal (2002)., Published as part of Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2019, A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes, pp. 2133-2143 in Journal of Natural History 53 (33) on pages 2133-2143, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692085, http://zenodo.org/record/3654827, {"references":["Allgen CA. 1952. Uber zwei neue antarktische Suctorien aus dem Gracham Land. Kgl Fysiograf Sallskap Lund Forh. 21: 173 - 176.","Allgen CA. 1955. Die Suctorien der schwedischen Sudpolar-Expedition (1901 - 1903). Zool Anz. 154: 36 - 48.","Dovgal Ii Chatterjee Ti Ingole B. 2009 a. New records of Thecacineta cothurnioides and Trematosoma rotunda (Ciliophorai Suctorea) as epibionts on nematodes from the Indian Ocean. Protistology. 6: 19 - 23.","Fisher R. 2003. Ciliate hitchhikers- nematode ecto-commensals from tropical Australian sea grass meadows. J Mar Biol Assoc UK. 83: 445 - 446. doi: 10.1017 / S 0025315403007306 h.","Bhattacharjee D. 2014. Suctorian epibionts on Chromaspirina sp. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the shallow continental shelf of the Bay of Bengali northern Indian Ocean. Mar Biodivers Rec. 7: e 49 i 1 - 3. doi: 10.1017 / S 1755267214000451.","Ansari KGMTi Bhadury P. 2016. Occurrence of epibionts associated with meiofaunal basibionts from the world' s largest mangrove ecosystemi the Sundarbans. Mar Biodivers. Published online. doi: 10.1007 / s 12526 - 016 - 0502 - 5.","Ghosh Mi Mandal S. 2019. Living with nematode: an epibiont Trematosoma rotunda associated with basibiont Desmodora scaldensis from Matla Estuaryi Sundarbansi India. Thalassas. 35: 619 - 624. doi: 10.1007 / s 41208 - 019 - 00129 - 3.","Dovgal IV. 2002. Evolutioni phylogeny and classification of Suctorea Claparede et Lachmanni 1858. Protistology. 2: 194 - 270."]}

Loricophrya scanica (Allgénı 1934) = Paracineta scanica Allgénı 1934 = Lissacineta scanica (Allgénı 1934) Report as epibiont on nematodes This species was recorded on Spirinia parasitifera (Bastianı 1865) from Southern Kattegatt (Denmark) (Allgén 1934). Remarks Chatterjee et al. (2019a) placed Paracineta scanica Allgénı 1934 into the genus Loricophrya., Published as part of Dovgal, Tapas Chatterjee ı Igor & Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, 2019, A checklist of suctorian epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora) found on meiobenthic marine nematodes, pp. 2133-2143 in Journal of Natural History 53 (33) on pages 2133-2143, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1692085, http://zenodo.org/record/3654827, {"references":["Allgen CA. 1934. Die Suctorien der Spirina parasitifera (Bastian). Z Parasitenkd. 7 (1): 118 - 120.","Chatterjee Ti Nanajkar Mi Dovgal I. 2019 a. New record of Loricophrya stresemanni (Ciliophorai Suctorea) as epibiont on nematodes from the Indian Ocean and notes on the genus Loricophrya. Cah Biol Mar. 60 (3): 283 - 288."]}

The article deals with the report of 5 suctorians viz. Lecanophryella satyanandani (Santhakumari, 1986), Paracineta karunakarani Santhakumari, 1986, Ephelota gemmipara (Hertwig, 1876), Acineta foetida Maupas, 1881 and Pelagacineta sp. on marine pelagic ostracods Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) from new localities of the Arabian Sea. Diagnostic characters of Paracineta karunakarani are emended. Ephelota gemmipara (Hertwig, 1876) and Acineta foetida Maupas, 1881 are reported here for the first time on planktonic marine ostracods. Pelagacineta sp. is reported for the first time as epibiont on ostracods and from the Indian Ocean.

Paracineta karunakarani Santhakumari, 1986 (Fig. 2A, B) Material examined: Several specimens on pelagic ostracods Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) from stations 14 and 16. Brief Description: Suctorian ciliate with conical thecostyle, which cover only one third of the cell body and accrete to the substrate by rounded attaching disc. The body is more or less square to rectangular in shape. Clavate tentacles are evenly distributed at the apical body surface. The macronucleus is allantoidal, some irregular, but might look rounded depending upon the viewpoint on the individual. Reproduction by external (exogemmic) budding with formation of single, ellipsoid protomite on the apical body surface (Fig. 2B). Measurements from present find (in μm): (measurements taken from 2 ciliate individuals) body height 57– 78; body width 41–40; thecostyle length 37–123; width of the upper thecostyle part 17–31; width of the basal thecostyle part 11–16; width of the attaching disc 7–11; length of the tentacles 6–21; size of macronucleus 32–71×6–11; size of protomite 31×41. Host and substrate specificity: Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) —a pelagic ostracod (Santhakumari 1986 b, Padmakumar et al. 2015, present find). Distribution: West coast of India, the Arabian Sea. Remarks: This species was first reported by Santhakumari (1986b) from southwest coast of India on an ostracod Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906). It was also reported from North Eastern Arabian Sea, 21°59’84” N; 65°59’52”E, on same ostracod (Padmakumar et al. 2015). The epibiosis of the species on other pelagic ostracod, Euconchoecia aculeata (Scott, 1894) was not observed in investigations of Santhakumari (1986a) and Padmakumar et al. (2015)., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor, Nanajkar, Mandar & Fernandes, Veronica, 2019, Report of epibiont ciliates (Cilliophora: Suctorea) on pelagic ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Arabian Sea, pp. 378-384 in Zootaxa 4695 (4) on pages 379-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4695.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3534816, {"references":["Santhakumari, V. (1986 b) Two new species of suctorians, Acineta satyanandani sp. nov. and Paracineta karunakarani sp. nov. epizoic on ostracods. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 33 (4), 471 - 475.","Padmakumar, K. B., Lathika, C. T., Anilkumar, V. & Sanjeevan, V. N. (2015) Occurrence of epibiontic suctorian protozoans on marine ostracod Cypridina dentata (Muller, 1906) in the North Eastern Arabian Sea. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 44 (6), 874 - 878.","Santhakumari, V. (1986 a) Epizoic and ectoparasitic protozoans from crab larvae. Mahasagar-Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography, 19 (1), 65 - 67."]}

Pelagacineta sp. (Fig. 2F) Material Examined: One individual as epibiont on pelagic ostracod Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) from station 16. Brief Description: Suctorian ciliate with thecostyle. The body is ovoid, dorso-ventrally compressed and discoidal in shape lying at the top of a thecostyle that widens considerably to form a cupped lorica-like anterior region. Numerous capitate tentacles located anteriorly and evenly distributed at cell body surface. The shape of macronucleus and mode of reproduction were not observed. Measurements (μm) (measurement taken from one individual): body height 64; body width 109; height of anterior region of the thecostyle 57, width 34; length of stalk-like part of the thecostyle 140; diameter 19, length of the tentacles 34–67. Remarks: Based on shape of body and dimensions, the present species is related to Pelagacineta campanula (Schröder, 1907) epibiont on marine copepods Euchaeta sp. and Metridia sp. from Antarctic waters (Schröder 1907, Curds 1987) and Pelagacineta hebensis Gregori et al. 2015 epibiont on Paraeuchaeta hebes (Giesbrecht, 1888) from continental shelf at Ria de Vigo, N. E. Atlantic waters, Galician coast, Spain (Gregori et al. 2015). Pelagacineta campanula is characterised by ribbon-like, branched macronucleus, whereas Pelagacineta hebensis has ovoid macronucleus. Since, we were not able to observe the morphology of macronucleus in present specimen, the identification of the present specimen up to species level is kept in abeyance. Present report is the first record of the genus Pelagacineta as epibiont on ostracod host and this genus is also reported for the first time from the Indian Ocean., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor, Nanajkar, Mandar & Fernandes, Veronica, 2019, Report of epibiont ciliates (Cilliophora: Suctorea) on pelagic ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Arabian Sea, pp. 378-384 in Zootaxa 4695 (4) on page 383, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4695.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3534816, {"references":["Schroder, O. (1907) Die Infusorien der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. In: von Drygalski, E. (Ed.), Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 9, 349 - 360.","Curds, C. R. (1987) A revision of Suctoria (Ciliophora, Kinetofragminofora). 5. The Paracineta and Corynophrya problem. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 52, 71 - 106.","Gregori, M., Fernandez-Leborans, G., Roura, A., Gonzalez, A. F. & Pascual, S. (2015) Description of a new epibiotic relationship (Suctorian-Copepoda) in NE Atlantic waters: from morphological to phylogenetic analyses. Acta Zoologica, 97 (2), 165 - 176."]}

Ephelota gemmipara (Hertwig, 1876) (Fig. 2C) Material examined: Two individuals on pelagic ostracods Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) from stations 16 and 18. Brief Description: Suctorian ciliate without lorica, with a massive, less often rounded body, somewhat extended upwards, with a flattened apical surface. There are two types of tentacles (long hunting and short sucking), which are located on the apical surface of the body, while hunting tentacles are approximately equal in length with the height of the body. Macronucleus coronoid, in the form of a ring with the upper and lower processes. Stalk very long, dense, somewhat expanded upwards, often with small transverse folds, sometimes smooth. Measurements from present find (in μm): (measurement taken from one individual) body length 76; body width 80; stalk length 214; stalk diameter 14; length of sucker tentacles 12–17; diameter 4; length of hunting tentacles 38–61. Host and substrate specificity: Ubiquitous species, observed at inanimate substrates, algae, hydroids, bryozoans, etc. (Dovgal 2013). This species was also found as epibiont on various copepods eg., Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1765), Candacia armata (Boeck, 1872), Pleuromamma borealis (F. Dahl, 1893) and P. gracilis (Claus, 1863) (Rose 1924, Steuer 1928, Fernandez-Leborans & Tato-Porto 2000b). Santhakumari (1985) reported this species as epibiont on copepods Euchaeta marina (Prestandrea, 1833), Candacia tuberculata Wolfenden, 1905, Labidocera acuta (Dana, 1849) and Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849), other two copepods of genera Pontella and Labidocera (species name written wrongly) and commented that this suctorian was found infesting chiefly the postero-dorsal region of cephalothorax. Santhakumari (1986a) reported this as epibiont on the zoea of pea crab Porcellana sp. It has been found as epibiont on ostracod Cypridina dentata (Müller, 1906) —Present report. Distribution: North Sea, Mediterranean, Adriatic, White, Black Seas, the Sea of Azov, in the Gulf of Mexico, from the coasts of Japan and India (Dovgal 2013). Remarks: In India, Ephelota gemmipara was reported earlier off Thootukodi (=Tuticorin), Kanyakumari (=Cape comorin), Karwar, Ratnagiri—Santhakumari (1985, 1986a). Ephelota gemmipara (Hertwig, 1876) is reported here for the first time as epibiont on planktonic marine ostracods from the Arabian Sea., Published as part of Chatterjee, Tapas, Dovgal, Igor, Nanajkar, Mandar & Fernandes, Veronica, 2019, Report of epibiont ciliates (Cilliophora: Suctorea) on pelagic ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Arabian Sea, pp. 378-384 in Zootaxa 4695 (4) on page 380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4695.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/3534816, {"references":["Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine: in 40 Vols. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 267 pp. [in Russian with English summary]","Rose, M. (1924) Notes faunistiques sur les Copepodes pelagiques des cotes de France. Bulletin of the Society of Zoology, France, 49, 328 - 332.","Steuer A. (1928) Uber eine neue Paracineta aus dem Sudatlantik. Sitzungsherichteder Wissenschaften. Matematisch-Naturwiss enschaftlich Classe, Wien, 137, 297 - 301.","Fernandez-Leborans, G. & Tato-Porto, M. L. (2000 b) A review of the species of protozoan epibionts on crustaceans. I. Suctorian ciliates. Crustaceana, 73, 1205 - 1237. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854000505209","Santhakumari, V. (1985) Epizoic and ectoparasitic protozoans from planktonic copepods of the southwest and southeast coasts of India with the description of a new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 27 (1 - 2), 29 - 38.","Santhakumari, V. (1986 a) Epizoic and ectoparasitic protozoans from crab larvae. Mahasagar-Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography, 19 (1), 65 - 67."]}

GENUS Podophrya Ehrenberg, 1834 Podophrya maupasi Butschli , 1889 The body is spherical with 16 tentacles distributed over the entire body surface; without a lorica; the stalk is about the same length as the trophont; the macronucleus is spherical and is situated in the central part of the body; contractile vacuole near to the apical region. Known previous records. There are no worldwide previous records on crustaceans, this is the first., Published as part of Ramírez-Ballesteros, Mireya & Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura, 2019, Suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of decapods of families Cambaridae and Pseudothelphusidae, pp. 384-392 in Zootaxa 4648 (2) on page 390, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4648.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3354798

Trichophrya epistylidis Claparède & Lachmann, 1859 Body shape irregular with six fascicles, each of which bears approximately 12 capitate tentacles; the macronucleus is branched; about twelve contractile vacuoles arranged in the periphery of the cell. Known previous records. There are no worldwide previous records on families Cambaridae and Pseudothelphusidae. On other crustaceans this species was previously recorded on Asellus sp., Gammarus sp., Carinogammarus sp. and on Pontastacus leptodactylus (cited as Astacus leptodactylus) (Matthes & Guhl 1988; Fernandez-Leborans & Tato-Porto 2000)., Published as part of Ramírez-Ballesteros, Mireya & Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura, 2019, Suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of decapods of families Cambaridae and Pseudothelphusidae, pp. 384-392 in Zootaxa 4648 (2) on page 390, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4648.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3354798, {"references":["Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolariidae. Protozoenfauna. Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, 309 pp.","Fernandez-Leborans, G. & Tato-Porto, M. (2000) A review of the species of protozoan epibionts on crustaceans. II. Suctorian Ciliates. Crustaceana, 73 (10), 1205 - 1327. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854000505209"]}

Tokophrya quadripartita (Claparède & Lachmann, 1859) Body pyramidal with four prominent actinophores, one at each corner of the apical region, each bearing a fascicle of capitate tentacles; the macronucleus is spherical and located centrally; the contractile vacuole is located apically; the stalk is long, thin and smooth. Known previous records. Tokophrya quadripartita has been recorded on Cambarellus (Cambarellus) zempoalensis (cited as Cambarellus montezumae zempoalensis) (Cambaridae) in Lake Zempoala, Morelos, Mexico (López-Ochoterena & Ochoa-Gasca 1971) and on Cambarellus (Cambarellus) patzcuarensis (cited as Cambarellus patzcuarensis) in Lake Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico (Mayén-Estrada & Aladro-Lubel 1998). It has also been recorded on Cyclops sp., Limnocalanus macrurus macrurus Sars G.O., 1863 (cited as Limnocalanus macrurus), Epischura lacustris Forbes S.A., 1882, Eucyclops agilis agilis (cited as Eucyclops agilis), Diacyclops bicuspidatus (cited as Cyclops bicuspidatus) and on Pontastacus leptodactylus (cited as Astacus leptodactylus) (Curds 1985b; Matthes & Guhl 1988; Fernandez-Leborans & Tato-Porto 2000). Dovgal (2013) recorded T. quadripartita on Asellus (Asellus) aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (cited as Asellus aquaticus) and on Pontastacus leptodactylus (cited as Astacus leptodactylus)., Published as part of Ramírez-Ballesteros, Mireya & Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura, 2019, Suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of decapods of families Cambaridae and Pseudothelphusidae, pp. 384-392 in Zootaxa 4648 (2) on page 389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4648.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3354798, {"references":["Lopez-Ochoterena, E. & Ochoa-Gasca, E. (1971) Protozoarios ciliados de Mexico. XVII. Algunos aspectos biologicos de veinte especies epizoicas del crustaceo Cambarellus montezumae zempoalensis Villalobos. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiologia, 13 (3), 221 - 231.","Mayen-Estrada, R. & Aladro-Lubel, M. A. (1998) Tres especies de suctores (Protozoa: Ciliophora) ectosimbiontes del acocil Cambarellus (Cambarellus) patzcuarensis. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia, 69 (1), 1 - 12.","Curds, C. R. (1985 b) A revision of the Suctoria (Ciliophora, Kinetofragminophora). 3. Tokophrya and its morphological relatives. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History. Zoology, 49 (2), 167 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 6511","Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolariidae. Protozoenfauna. Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, 309 pp.","Fernandez-Leborans, G. & Tato-Porto, M. (2000) A review of the species of protozoan epibionts on crustaceans. II. Suctorian Ciliates. Crustaceana, 73 (10), 1205 - 1327. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854000505209","Dovgal, I. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine: 40 (36) Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1: Class Suctorea. Naukova dumka, Kiev, 267 pp."]}

Podophrya sandi Collin, 1911 The body is spherical with capitate tentacles distributed over the entire body surface; the spherical macronucleus and the contractile vacuole are located centrally of the body. Known previous records. Podophrya sandi has been reported on the crayfish Cambarellus (Cambarellus) patzcuarensis (cited as Cambarellus patzcuarensis) (Cambaridae) in Lake Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico (Mayén-Estrada & Aladro-Lubel 1998)., Published as part of Ramírez-Ballesteros, Mireya & Mayén-Estrada, Rosaura, 2019, Suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of decapods of families Cambaridae and Pseudothelphusidae, pp. 384-392 in Zootaxa 4648 (2) on page 390, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4648.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/3354798, {"references":["Mayen-Estrada, R. & Aladro-Lubel, M. A. (1998) Tres especies de suctores (Protozoa: Ciliophora) ectosimbiontes del acocil Cambarellus (Cambarellus) patzcuarensis. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia, 69 (1), 1 - 12."]}

Epibiosis is common among ciliates and crustaceans because the calcified surface of the crustacean body offers a suitable site for colonization by the epibiont. Suctoria are among the most common epibiont ciliate groups of freshwater decapod crustaceans. The aim of this study is to increase knowledge of suctorians as epibionts of freshwater decapod crustaceans of the families Cambaridae and Pseudothelphusidae. Crustaceans were collected from three rivers and one pond in Chiapas, Mexico. Six species of suctorian epibionts were recorded: Acineta tuberosa, Podophrya maupasi, P. sandi, Tokophrya cyclopum, T. quadripartita and Trichophrya epistylidis. This is the first record of ciliate epibionts on members of family Pseudothelphusidae (represented by Phrygiopilus montebelloensis and Raddaus bocourti), and the first record of suctorians epibionts on Procambarus (Austrocambarus) sp. (Cambaridae).

Genus Tokophrya Bütschli, 1889 Tokophrya quadripartita (Claparède & Lachmann, 1859) = Podophrya quadripartita Claparède & Lachmann, 1859 = Acineta quadriloba Stein, 1859 = Acineta quadripartita (Claparède & Lachmann) Stein, 1867 =Tokophryopsis (Epitokophrya) quadripartita (cf. Jankowski, 1978) = Brachyonus tuberosus Pallas, 1766 = Volverella astoma Bory, 1824 = Megatricha partita Badcock, 1880 = Tokophrya trionixa Bovee, 1981 = Tokophrya mutica Bovee, 1981 Record on hydrachnid mites: Ramadan (2004) reported Tokophrya quadripartita on adult mites Unionicola tetrafurcatus Ramadan & Аboul-Dahab, 2002 associated with the mussel Caelatura aegyptiaca Cailliaud, 1827 collected from a site on the eastern bank of the River Nile, north of Sohag University Campus, Egypt. The highest mean density of ciliates was recorded on the fourth leg of the mite and declined gradually towards the first leg, which recorded the lowest mean number and attached to the bases of the setae on the legs of the mite (Ramadan 2004). Other hosts: The species was reported on the copepod Cyclops and other substrata (Curds 1985); on the copepods Limnocalanus macrurus Sars, 1863 and Epischura lacustris Forbes, 1882 from Lake Michigan (U.S.А.) (Evans et al. 1979, 1981). It was also reported on the copepods Eucyclops agilis (Koch, 1838) and Cyclops bicuspidatus Claus, 1857 from Lake Аshmore, Illinois (U.S.А.) (Henebry & Ridgeway 1979); on the uropods of the European crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (cf. Matthes & Guhl 1973); on the decapod Cambarellus patzcuarensis Villalobos, 1943 (cf. Mayen-Estrada & Аladro-Lubel 1998) and on Lethocerus sp. from Mexico near Grutas de la Estrella, Ixtapan de la Sal, State of Mexico (Mariño-Pérez et al. 2011)., Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on page 421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915, {"references":["Ramadan, S. A. (2004) Description of epibiont ciliates on the water mite Unionicola tetrafurcatus and their disdribution on the host legs. Egyptian journal of Zoology, e 42, 97 - 112.","Henebry, M. S. & Ridgeway, B. T. (1979) Epizoic ciliated Protozoa of planktonic copepods and cladocerans and their possible use as indicators of organic water pollution. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 98, 495 - 508. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3225899","Marino-Perez, R., Dovgal, I. & Mayen-Estrada, R. (2011) New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe. Zootaxa, 2798, 48 - 60."]}

Discophrya lichtensteinii (Claparède & Lachmann, 1859) = Podophrya lichtensteinii Claparède & Lachmann, 1859 = Tokophrya lichtensteinii (Claparède & Lachmann, 1859) = Venodiscophrya lichtensteinii (Claparède & Lachmann, 1859) = Venodiscophrya graphodites Jankowski, 1981 = Venodiscophrya haliplis Jankowski, 1981 = Venodiscophrya potamonectis Jankowski, 1981 = Venodiscophrya brychiis Jankowski, 1981 = Venodiscophrya cybistericola Jankowski, 1981 = Discophrya cybistericola (Jankowski, 1981) = Acineta hyphydri Wrzesniowski, 1877 = Acineta wrzesniowskii Kent, 1881 = Venodiscophrya wrzesniowskii (Kent, 1881) = Discophrya wrzesniowskii (Kent, 1881) = Discophrya brachystyla Kormos, 1938 = Venodiscophrya brachystyla (Kormos, 1938) Records on hydrachnid mites: On Protzia sp. (Hydrachnidia, Hydryphantidae) in Turkey, Erzurum Province, Teke stream, Konya Province, Аkşehir, Yylasrteam (Dovgal & Pešić, 2012); On Torrenticola barsica (Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) in Iran, Shanderman (Chafrood) stream 15 km from Masalsity (Dovgal & Pešić, 2012; Dovgal, 2013). Other hosts: Matthes (1954) reported this species on Dytiscus marginalis Linnaus 1758, Cybister laterimarginalis (DeGeer, 1774), Dytiscus circumflexus Fabricius, 1801, Graphoderes zonatus (Hoppe, 1795), G. cinereus (Linnaeus, 1758), G. bilineatus (De Geer, 1774), Haliplus laminates (Schaller, 1783), H. flavicollis Sturm, 1834, H. fluviatilis Аubé, 1836, H. ruficollis (De Geer, 1774), H. wehnkei Nicolai, 1822, Peltodytes caesus (Duftschmid, 1805), Brychius elevates (Panzer, 1793), Graptodytes pictus (Fabricius, 1787), Hyphydrus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1761) and Coelambus impressopunctatus (Schaller, 1783) from Germany; Dovgal (1996) reported it from Ukraine on Agabus sp., Potamonectes sp., Cybister sp., Graphoderes sp., Haliplus sp., Peltodytes sp., Brychius sp., Coelambus impressopunctatus (Schaller, 1783), Potamonectes elegans (Panzer, 1794), Dytiscus circumflexus Fabricius, 1801, Hyphydrus ovatus (Linnaeus, 1761) and H. bicolor (Kirby, 1837); Dovgal (2013) reported this species on Ranatra linearis (Linnaeus, 1758), Plea leachi McGregor & Kirkaldy 1899, Acilius sp., and Agabus sp. Hydaticus seminiger (De Geer, 1774) was reported from Ukraine; Mariño-Pérez et al. (2011) reported it on Ambrysus sp. from Mexico. In Ukraine, Dovgal (1987, 1991) reported Discophrya lichtensteinii (Claparède & Lachmann) (under the synonym name D. wrzesniowskii) as an epibiont of the water stick insect Ranatra linearis (Linnaeus, 1758)., Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on pages 422-423, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915, {"references":["Jankowski, A. V. (1981) New species, genera and families of tentacled infusoria (class Suctoria). Proceedings of the Zoologica lInstitute, 107, 80 - 115. [in Russian with English summary]","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova dumka, Kiev, 267 pp.","Matthes, D. (1954) Suktorienstudien IV. Neue obligatorisch Symphoriont mit Wasserkafern vergesells chaftete Discophrya - Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 153, 76 - 88.","Dovgal, I. V. (1996) Keys for identification of tentaculous infusoria (Ciliophora, Suctoria) of the Ukrainian fauna. Vestnik Zoologii, 2 (Supplement), 1 - 42.","Marino-Perez, R., Dovgal, I. & Mayen-Estrada, R. (2011) New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe. Zootaxa, 2798, 48 - 60.","Dovgal, I. V. (1987) Tentaculous infusoria (Ciliophora, Suctoria) from the East part of Ukrainian Polesye. Vestnik Zoologii, 21 (4) 3 - 8. [in Russian with English summary]","Dovgal, I. V. (1991) Peculiarities of Ciliophora Suctoria biocoenotic distribution in water bodies of the right-bank Ukrainian Polesje area. Vestnik zoologii, 28 (4), 54 - 57. [in Russian with English summary]"]}

Corynophrya abyssalis Bartsch & Dovgal, 2010 Records on halacarid mites: Bartsch & Dovgal (2010) reported this species from the Mid-Аtlantic Ridge, station Аshadze, 4087 m depth on Copidognathus nautilei Bartsch, 1997. Remarks: Bartsch & Dovgal (2010) commented that suctorians mentioned by Bartsch (1994) from halacarid mites of a nearby hydrothermal vent area (Mid-Аtlantic Ridge, 3500 m) have similar conspicuous longitudinal ribs but differ from C. abyssalis by the larger size.

Acineta persiensis Dovgal & Pešić, 2007 Records on hydrachnid mites: On Protzia sepasgosariani Pešić & Saboori, 2006 from Guik stream before the Guik dam near Birjand city, Khorrasan Province, in Iran (Dovgal & Pešić 2007, 2012); on Protzia invalvaris Piersig,1898 (Hydryphantidae) from Bistricastream, near the village Crkvine at Kolašin town, in Montenegro (Dovgal & Pešić 2007, 2012); on Nilotonia persica Pešić & Saboori, 2006 (Hydrachnidia, Аnisitsiellidae) from Rezvan spring, Jebal Barez Mts., Jiroft City, Temnoieh, Kerman Province in Iran (Dovgal & Pešić 2012)., Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on page 420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915, {"references":["Dovgal, I. V. & Pesic, V. (2007) Acineta persiensis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Suctorea) - a new freshwater suctorian speciesfrom the water mites of genus Protzia (Acari, Hydrachnidia). Vestnik Zoologii, 41, 165 - 167."]}

Tokophrya wenzeli Matthes & Stiebler, 1970 Records on hydrachnid mites: Motaş (1928) observed the mass infestation of mites by suctorians in ponds in the vicinity of Dombes just north of Lyon and in ponds at river Rhone between Аoste and Sant-Didier, southeast of France. Suctorian ciliates were observed by the same author on water mites Hydryphantes dispar (Schaub, 1888), Limnesia fulgida Koch, 1836, L. maculata (O. F. Müller, 1776), L. undulata (O. F. Müller, 1776), Piona pusilla (Neuman, 1875), P. obturbans (Piersig, 1896), Pionopsis lutescens (Hermann, 1804) and Hydrochoreutes krameri Piersig, 1896. He provided the figures of suctorians (Motas 1928, Fig. 1) but did not provide any descriptions and did not identify the species. The species observed by Motaş was described as a new species by Matthes & Stiebler (1970) from water bodies of Germany as Tokophrya wenzeli Mattheset & Stiebler, 1970. The authors found the species at pedipalps and legs of mites Limnesia undulate (O.F. Müller, 1776), L. maculata (O.F. Müller, 1776), Piona conglobata (Koch, 1836), P. variabilis (Koch, 1842), Arrenurus globator (O.F. Müller, 1776) and A. stecki Koenike, 1894. Dovgal (1987) observed T. wenzeli in Lake Staraja Desna near Makoshino, Chernigov region, Ukraine at Hydrachna sp. Dovgal (1991) also mentioned the species on Eylais sp. and Limnesia fulgida, Koch, 1836 in water bodies of basins of rivers Western Bug and Pripyat, Ukraine. Dovgal et al. (2012) observed T. wenzeli on Eylais sp. from river-bed of Goryn’ river near the village Stavok, Rovno region, Ukraine, on Limnesia fulgida from floodplain lake near Goryn’ river near village Zbuzh, Rovno region and on Eylais saratowi Piersig, 1904 from a floodplain lake at the left bank of Dnieper in Kiev vicinity, Ukraine. Dovgal et al. (2012) also reported T. wenzeli on Forelia variegator (Koch, 1837) and Hygrobates longipalpis (Hermann, 1804) from Lake Binovskie in a neighborhood of Szczecin (Poland). Dovgal et al. (2012) reported T. wenzeli on Hygrobates zawali Pešić, 2015 (= Hygrobates diversiporus (Sokolow, 1927)) in the ancient lake Ohrid, in neighborhood of Ohrid city in FYROM. New finds: We present some more new records of T. wenzeli from Poland: Locality: River Krąpiel near Dalewo, Poland (53°20'03.5"N, 15°11'11.2"E); biotope: marginal pool, 0.2 m depth, sand; host species: water mite Lebertia oblonga Koenike, 1911; localization: legs; intensity: 10 ciliates per host individual. Date of collection: 12.09.2010, collector: А. Zawal. Locality: Sękacz Lake, Poland (53°56'56.7"N, 17°09'56.9"E); biotope: 1 m depth, sand; host species: water mite Forelia liliacea (Müller, 1776); localization: legs; Intensity: 6 ciliates per host individual. Date of collection: 0 1.08.2014, collector: А. Zawal. Locality: Kwisno Duże Lake, Poland (54°04'31.9"N, 17°06'36.0"E); biotope: 4 m depth, mud; host species: water mite Forelia liliacea (Müller, 1776); localization: legs and idiosoma; Intensity: 1-6 ciliates per host. Date of collection: 0 2.08.2014, collector: А. Zawal. Locality: Kwisno Duże Lake (54°04'31.9"N, 17°06'36.0"E); biotope: 4 m depth, mud; host species: water mite Limnesia fulgida Koch, 1836; localization: legs; Intensity: 3 ciliates per host individual. Date of collection: 0 2.08.2014, collector: А. Zawal. Remarks: Tokophrya wenzeli was not observed on the hydrachnid mites from lotic water bodies. It seems likely that the species is a usual commensal of freshwater mites from stagnant water reservoirs (Dovgal & Pešić 2012)., Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on pages 421-422, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915, {"references":["Matthes, D. & Stiebler, G. (1970) Susswassersuktorien auf Arachniden. Archiv fur Protistenkunde, 112, 65 - 70.","Motas, C. (1928) Contribution a la connaissance des Hydracariens francais particulierement du Sud-Est de la France. Travaux du Laboratoire d'hydrobiologie et de pisciculture de l'Universite de Grenoble, 20, 1 - 373.","Dovgal, I. V. (1987) Tentaculous infusoria (Ciliophora, Suctoria) from the East part of Ukrainian Polesye. Vestnik Zoologii, 21 (4) 3 - 8. [in Russian with English summary]","Dovgal, I. V. (1991) Peculiarities of Ciliophora Suctoria biocoenotic distribution in water bodies of the right-bank Ukrainian Polesje area. Vestnik zoologii, 28 (4), 54 - 57. [in Russian with English summary]"]}

Corethria halacaridis (Dons, 1943) = Ophryodendron halacaridis Dons, 1943 Record on halacarid mites: This species was described (Dons 1943) from halacarid mites collected near Tromsø, Norway. Jankowski (2007) has indicated that this species was common on halacarid mites in the Barents Sea near Murmansk (Russia). Remarks: It is quite possible that the species is specific to halacarid mites. However, Dons (1943) has discussed the close similarity of C. halacaridis with C. sertulariae (Wright, 1858) from hydroids and thus the specimens of Dons need further investigation., Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on page 418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915, {"references":["Dons, C. (1943) Ophryodendron halacaridis n. sp. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Forhandlinger, 15 (48), 184 - 185.","Jankowski, A. V. (2007) Review of taxa Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Alimov, A. F. (Ed.), Protista: Handbook on Zoology. Pt. 2. Nauka, St. Petersburg, pp. 415 - 993."]}

Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir, Zаwаl, Аndrzej (2018): A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia). Zootaxa 4457 (3): 415-430, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4

Ophryodendron sp. Record on halacarid mite: Several specimens of Copidognathus tricorneatus (Viets, 1938) collected from eastern Аustralia near Sydney between corals and sponges were infested with the suctorian Ophryodendron sp. The suctorians were observed predominantly on legs but also on idiosoma of mites (Viets 1938). Remarks: Viets (1938) did not include the description and figures from found suctorian specimens. Thus, it is impossible to determine what representative species of the family Ophryodendridae was found. It is quite possible that the suctorian specimens represent the genus Corethria., Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on page 418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915, {"references":["Viets, K. (1938) Uber eine neue Art von Meresmilben, Copidognathus tricorneata Lohmann (Halacaridae, Acari). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 122, 127 - 132."]}

Acineta sulcata Dons, 1927 = Acineta benesaepta Schultz, 1933 = Donsia sulcata (Dons, 1927) (cf. Jankowsky, 1967) = Plicophrya sulcata (Dons, 1927) (cf. Jankowski, 1975) Records on halacarid mites: Acineta sulcata was reported on halacarid mites from the Norwegian coast near Trǿmse (Dons 1927). Suctorian ciliates were later observed by Schulz (1933) on halacarid mites from Kiel Bay and named A. benesaepta. Kahl (1934) mentioned that the species was regularly observed in Kiel Bay on halacarid hosts. Precht (1935) later found A. sulcata (under synonymic name A. benesaepta) in Kiel Bay on a species of Copidognathus. Gosse (1855) reported Acineta sp. on the legs of a halacarid mite Thalassarachna basteri (Johnston, 1836), which erroneously was identified as Halacarus ctenopus Gosse, 1855 – cf. Bartsch, 2001a. Bartsch & Dovgal (2010) commented about this suctorian specimen and identified as Acineta sulcata Dons, 1927, probably. Jankowski (1981, 2007) noted numerous finds of this species on halacarid mites from the coast of the Barents Sea. This species was also found by Dovgal on the legs of an unidentified freshwater halacarid mite from the Unava River near Fasrov (Fastov region, Kiev Province, Ukraine) (Dovgal & Pešić 2007; Dovgal et al. 2008b; Dovgal 2013). In Dovgal & Pešić (2007), the mite host was indicated erroneously as an oribatid (Dovgal et al. 2008b). Bartsch & Panesar (2000) recorded Acineta sp. on the idiosoma and legs of Halacarellus hyrcanus (Viets, 1928) (= Caspihalacarus hyrcanus Viets, 1928) from the Danube River near Vienna, Аustria, and commented that this suctorian was probably A. tuberosa Ehrenberg. Аfter observing the figures of that species (Bartsch & Panesar 2000 Fig. 1), Dovgal et al. (2008a) commented that it probably is A. sulcata. Other Hosts: Precht (1935) in addition to halacarid hosts reported the species in Kiel Bay on ostracods Cythereis tuberculata (Sars, 1865) and Hemicythere villosa (Sars, 1866). Fernandez-Leborans et al. (2013) reported A. sulcate as epibiont on the hydrozoan Dycorine conferta, which was found on gastropod shells inhabited by the hermit-crab Pagurus bernhardus from the west coast of Scotland. Remarks: The species is possible specific to halacarid mites, even when found in freshwaters. The finding of the species on hydrozoans (Fernandez-Leborans et al. 2013) and ostracods (Precht 1935) needs further investigation., Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on page 416, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915, {"references":["Dons, C. (1927) Neue und wenig bekannte Protozoen. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter, 7, 1 - 17.","Schultz, E. (1933) Beitrage zur Kenntnis marinen Suctorien. V. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 103, 327 - 329.","Kahl, A. (1934) Suctoria. In: Grimpe, G. & Wagler, E (Eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, Lief 26, 11, 184 - 226.","Precht, H. (1935) Epizoen der Kielr Bucht. Nova Acta Leopoldina Halle, 3, 405 - 474.","Gosse, P. H. (1855) Notes on some new or little-known marine animals (III). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 16 (91), 305 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 037454809496409","Bartsch, I. (2001 a) Halacarus Gosse, 1855, H. ctenopus Gosse, 1855 and Thalassarachna Packard, 1871 (Arachnida, Acari): proposed conservation of usage of the name by designation of a neotype for H. ctenopus. Bulletin of zoological Nomenclature, 58, 202 - 205.","Bartsch, I. & Dovgal, I. V. (2010) A hydrothermal vent mite (Halacaridae, Acari) with a new Corynophrya species (Suctoria, Ciliophora), description of the suctorian and its distribution on the halacarid mite. European journal of Protistology, 46, 196 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ejop. 2010.02.001","Jankowski, A. V. (1981) New species, genera and families of tentacled infusoria (class Suctoria). Proceedings of the Zoologica lInstitute, 107, 80 - 115. [in Russian with English summary]","Jankowski, A. V. (2007) Review of taxa Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Alimov, A. F. (Ed.), Protista: Handbook on Zoology. Pt. 2. Nauka, St. Petersburg, pp. 415 - 993.","Dovgal, I. V. & Pesic, V. (2007) Acineta persiensis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Suctorea) - a new freshwater suctorian speciesfrom the water mites of genus Protzia (Acari, Hydrachnidia). Vestnik Zoologii, 41, 165 - 167.","Dovgal, I., Chatterjee, T., Ingole, B. & Nanajkar, M. (2008 b) First report of Limnoricus ponticus Dovgal & Lozowskiy (Ciliophora: Suctorea) as epibionts on Pycnophyes (Kinorhyncha) from the Indian Ocean with key to species of the genus Limnoricus. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 49, 381 - 385.","Dovgal, I. V. (2013) Fauna of Ukraine. Vol. 36. Ciliates-Ciliophora. Issue 1. Class Suctorea. Naukova dumka, Kiev, 267 pp.","Bartsch, I. & Panesar, A. R. (2000) Die Meeresmilbe Caspihalacarus hyrcanus in der Donau bei wien, ein ponto-kaspisches Relikt. Natur und Museum, 130, 258 - 263.","Dovgal, I., Chatterjee, T. & Ingole, B. (2008 a) An overview of suctorian ciliates (Ciliophora: Suctorea) as epibionts of halacarid mites (Acari, Halacaridae). Zootaxa, 1810, 60 - 68."]}

Acineta sp. Records on hydrachnid mites: On Sperchon gr. denticulatus in Bosnia and Herzegovina, River Lištica near Široki Breg; on Partnuniana printua Gerecke, 1996 in Montenegro, Rumia Mt. Medjurjeĉkareka–river near Medjurečje and Komovi Mt., Štavna, rheohelocenic spring in forest; On Torrenticola barsica (Szalay, 1933) in Turkey, Rize Province, stream near Findikli town; Аrvin Province, Hopa stream near Koyuncular village; Erzurum Province, Başovacik stream, Ilica; in Iran, Shanderman, (Chafrood) stream 15 km from Masalsity; On Protzia sp. and Atractides sp. in Turkey, Erzurum Province, Sirli stream, Ilica - Dovgal & Pešić (2012). New finds: Locality: River Krąpiel near Dalewo, Poland (53°20'03.5"N, 15°11'11.2"E); Biotope: fast flow of water, 0.7 m depth, rocks; Host species: Torrenticola amplexa (Koenike, 1908); Localization: legs; Intensity: 5 ciliates per host individual. 15.10.2010; collector: А. Zawal, Published as part of Chаtterjee, Tаpаs, Dovgаl, Igor, Pešić, Vlаdimir & Zаwаl, Аndrzej, 2018, A checklist of epibiont suctorian and peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora) on halacarid and hydrachnid mites (Acari: Halacaridae & Hydrachnidia), pp. 415-430 in Zootaxa 4457 (3) on page 420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1457915

Dovgal, Igor, Pešić, Vladimir (2014): First records of ciliate suctorian epibionts onHydraena (Coleoptera) from South Korea. Ecologica Montenegrina 1 (1): 1-5, DOI: 10.37828/em.2014.1.1

Periacineta hydrochi (Matthes, 1954) (Fig. 2A) Diagnosis. Loricate, stalked suctorian ciliate. Lorica, much wider than long, flattened but slightly widens in its apical part. The stalk of various lengths, with a grows lines and slightly developed longitudinal striations in its basal part. The cytoplasm is usually yellowish-brown. Four to six contractile vacuoles are located parallel to the front edge of the cell body. Macronucleus is horseshoe-shaped. Reproduction by inversogemmic budding. Measurements (in µm): body length 26-61 (72-118 after Matthes 1954), width 37-69 (91-126 after Matthes 1954); length of stalk 12-71, diameter 10-14. Remarks. The species was originally described by Matthes (1954) as Discophrya hydrochi Matthes, 1954. Later on, this species was transferred to the genus Periacineta (Dovgal, 2002, Mariño-Pérez et al. 2010). Our specimens from South Korea fits well the description of typical form of Discophrya hydrochi. However, it is worth to mention that Matthes (1954) described aberrant form of this species, called by him in German as articular form (”Gelenkform”). According to Matthes (1954) and Matthes et al. (1988) this form is characterized by the following features: the length of lorica is greater than width; the individual as a rule is attached to the host body in such a manner that its body axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beetle leg; the lorica mouth of ciliate is deeply curved thus its lateral ends omitted almost to level of junction between stalk and lorica; the stalk is enough wide and clearly separated from the lorica. Further, the cell body of “articular” individuals is dirty as a rule and correspondingly the macronucleus and the contractile vacuoles are poorly visible and the number of contractile vacuoles increased up to 9. Matthes (1954) gave the measurements: body length 113-143, width 85-122 µm. Later on the “articular” form of Discophrya hydrochi was described by Jankowski (1981) as separate species, Arcodiscophrya heraldica Jankowski, 1981. Recently, this species was transferred to the genus Periacineta under name P. heraldica (Jankowski, 1981) (see: Dovgal 2002, Mariño-Pérez et al. 2010). Distribution and host prevalence. The species was described by Matthes (1954) from Germany, and no further record of this species was published after its original description. Periacineta hydrochi is epibiont on hydrophilid beetles (Matthes et al. 1988), attaching to the head and legs (often in articulation between femur and tibia) of their hosts. The known hosts includes following beetle species: Hydrochus elongatus (Schaller, 1783), H. carinatus Germar, 1824 and Hydraena sp. (new host). The specimens examined from South Korea were found attached on the head and legs of the latter species., Published as part of Dovgal, Igor & Pešić, Vladimir, 2014, First records of ciliate suctorian epibionts onHydraena (Coleoptera) from South Korea, pp. 1-5 in Ecologica Montenegrina 1 (1) on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.37828/em.2014.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8028462, {"references":["Matthes, D. (1954) Suktorienstudien I. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Discophrya Lachmann. Archiv fur Protistenkunde, 99 (4), 187 - 226.","Dovgal, I. V. (2002) Evolution, phylogeny and classification of Suctorea (Ciliophora). Protistology, 2 (4), 194 - 270.","Marino-Perez, R., Mayen-Estrada, R. & Dovgal, I. V. (2010) Periacineta mexicana n. sp. (Ciliophora, Suctoria, Discophryida), epizoic on mexican backswimmers of the genus Buenoa (Insecta, Hemiptera, Notonectidae). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 57 (5), 435 - 443.","Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolaridae. In: Protozoenfauna. Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, 1 - 309.","Jankowski, A. V. (1981) New species, genera and families of tentacled infusoria (class Suctoria). Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, 107, 80 - 115 (in Russian, with English summary).","Kormos, K. (1958) Die Biologie von Urnula. Urnula turpissima n. sp. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 4 (1 - 2), 167 - 189."]}

Urnula turpissima Kormos, 1958 (Figs. 2 B-E) Diagnosis. Suctorian ciliate with stylotheca-type lorica. The trophont cell body is spherical or ellipsoidal, clamped to the mouth of stylotheca. Macronucleus central, large, spherical. The tentacle is single, long, flexible and agile. Stylotheca is spherical or slightly elongated. The upper part of the lorica has four processes, which adjoins each other along the entire length except the central part forming a chinked mouth, resulting that the apical edge of the lorica is plicate from the lateral view. Reproduction by semicircumvaginative budding. The swarmer is ellipsoid with slightly concave ventral surface and with 8 transversal ciliary rows (Fig. 2E). Measurements (in µm): stylotheca heigth 30; stylotheca diameter 26 (15-30 after Kormos 1958); body diameter 10-20 (after Kormos 1958); length of tentacle 60-85 (after Kormos 1958). Distribution and host prevalence. The species was described from a waterbody in Szeged district (Hungary, type locality), and later on found in different parts of Europe and Asia (Jankowski 2007). Urnula turpissima is ectoparasitic on suctorian ciliates. The known hosts of this species includes following species: Dendrosoma radians Erenberg, 1838, D. capitata (Perez, 1903), Stylophrya polymorpha Swarczewsky, 1928, Acineta karamani Hadzi, 1940, Metacineta longipes (Mereschkowsky, 1877). The specimens from South Korea were found ectoparasitic on Periacineta hydrochi (Matthes, 1954) (new host)., Published as part of Dovgal, Igor & Pešić, Vladimir, 2014, First records of ciliate suctorian epibionts onHydraena (Coleoptera) from South Korea, pp. 1-5 in Ecologica Montenegrina 1 (1) on page 4, DOI: 10.37828/em.2014.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8028462, {"references":["Kormos, K. (1958) Die Biologie von Urnula. Urnula turpissima n. sp. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 4 (1 - 2), 167 - 189.","Jankowski, A. V. (2007) Review of taxa Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901. In: Alimov A. F. (ed.) Protista / Handbook of Zoology, Pt. 2. Nauka, St. Petersburg, pp. 415 - 993.","Matthes, D. (1954) Suktorienstudien I. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Discophrya Lachmann. Archiv fur Protistenkunde, 99 (4), 187 - 226."]}

Based on original data from recent research, numerous new records of the suctorian species living as epibionts on stream-dwelling aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) in the southwestern Palaearctic area are giv-en. The following species are reported for the first time for the national faunas: Setodiscophrya deplanata (Matthes, 1954)(Bosnia and Hercegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria, Turkey), Discophrya helmidis Matthes, 1954 (Montenegro, Tur-key), Elatodiscophrya hochi (Matthes, 1954) (Bosnia and Hercegovina, Turkey), Periacineta buckei (Kent, 1881) (Mon-tenegro, Greece), Discophrya lichtensteinii (Claparede & Lachmann, 1859) (Turkey, Iran). The characteristics of the suctorians as epibionts of stream-dwelling arthropods are briefly outlined.

Periacineta buckei (Kent, 1881) (Fig. 4) New records. MONTENEGRO: Kola��in town, stream Bistrica, 1122 m. a.s.l., 42 �� 48 'N; 19 �� 27 'E, 30.7.2006, on Hydraena morio; Berane town, spring near Monastir Djurdjevi Stupovi, 42 �� 51 'N; 19 �� 51 'E, 29.9.2006, on Dryops sp. (Coleoptera, Dryopidae); Mojkovac town, Lepenac stream, 30.ix. 2006, on Hydraena sp.; GREECE: Evia Island, the region of Ochi, stream Gefira Dimosaris, downstream between Kalergo and Kallianos vill., 30.6.2007, on Hydraena sp. Diagnosis. Suctorian with trapeziform, flattened, loricate cell. Lorica smooth, and there is a short stalk. Macronucleus spheroidal or elongate. Clavate tentacles arranged in two apical fascicles. There are from two to four contractile vacuoles. Measurements: Cell length 16���120 ��m, width 19���59 ��m. Remarks. New for Montenegro and Greece. Distribution. Widespread species; North America (Nutting 1888 as Acineta compressa, Mari��o-P��rez et al. 2011); Japan (Nozawa 1938 as Periacineta tenuis); Europe: Germany (Matthes 1954 d), Ukraine (Dovgal 1996), Balkan (present paper); observed on different hosts (Belostoma sp., Lethocerus sp, Ranatra sp., R. linearis, Nepa cinerea, N. rubra, Naucoris cimicoides, Hydraena sp., Argyroneta aquatica, Anacharis sp, Planorbis sp., Planorbarius corneus, Lymnaea stagnalis, Hydrous sp., H. aterrimus, Helophorus sp., Helophorus flavipes, H. fallax, H. asperatus, Hydraena sp., H. morio and Dryops sp.) and inanimate substrates., Published as part of Dovgal, Igor & Pe��i��, Vladimir, 2012, Suctorian ciliates (Ciliophora, Suctorea) as epibionts of stream-dwelling aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) in the southwestern Palaearctic region, pp. 34-40 in Zootaxa 3166 on page 37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279770, {"references":["Nutting, C. (1888) Description of supposed new species of Acinetan. American Naturalist, 22, 13 - 17.","Marino-Perez, R., Dovgal, I. & Mayen-Estrada, R. (2011) New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha, Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe. Zootaxa, 2798, 46 - 80.","Nozawa, K. (1938) Some new freshwater Suctoria. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 17 (3), 247 - 259.","Matthes, D. (1954 d) Suktorienstudien VII. Discophrya buckei (Kent), eine formenreiche Art der Linguifera-Gruppe. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 153 (9 - 10), 242 - 250.","Dovgal, I. V. (1996) Keys for identification of tentaculous infusoria (Ciliophora, Suctoria) of the Ukrainian fauna. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement, 2, 1 - 42."]}

Periacineta notonectae (Clapar��de et Lachmann, 1859) Fig. 1 f. Loricate suctorian species. Lorica stalked, slightly flattened, nearly conical, softly curved with wide apical aperture that have oblique cutted edge. Cell body fills up all lorica. Stalk very short and conical. Clavate tentacles are in two apical bundles. Actinophores absent. Macronucleus spherical. Reproduction by inversogemmic budding. Dimensions: lorica length 113���137; width 45���52; macronucleus diameter 12���15; length of tentacles 30���42; length of stalk 12���18; stalk diameter 9���12. Previous measurements: body length 55���154; body width 29���74. Material examined. Found as epibiont of: Hesperocorixa laevigata. Mexico. Tecocomulco lake. State of Hidalgo. 2530 m.a.s.l. (19 �� 52 ��� 30.5 ��� N; 98 �� 23 ��� 41.2 ��� W). 15.09.0 7. Corixa sp. Ukraine. Irpen��� river near village Irpen���, Kiev region. 0 7.11. 1998. Small lake in high-water bed of Psel river near mouth of Ol���shanka river. 16.07. 1988. Pripyat��� river near village Shchetyn���, Volyn��� region. 0 5.06. 1986. Pripyat��� river near village Pochapy, Volyn��� region. 0 2.06. 1986. River Zulnya near village Grushovka, Rovno region. 0 9.07. 1985. Small lake in highwater bed of river Goryn��� near village Zbuzh, Rovno region. 0 6.07. 1985. River Zamchysko near mouth. 0 5.07. 1985. Goryn��� river near village Stavok, Rovno region. 0 7.07. 1985. River Zarnovka near village Zhobryn, Rovno region. 30.06. 1985. Goryn��� river near village Duksin, Rovno region. 30.06. 1985. Slovechna river near village Tkhorin, Zhytomir region. 30.09. 1984. Pond near village Begun���, Zhytomir region. 25.09. 1984. Pripyat��� river near village Bol���shye Soroki, Kiev region. 0 7.09. 1984. Additional records. On Notonecta, Corixa and Sigara (Matthes et al. 1988)., Published as part of Mari��o-P��rez, Ricardo, Dovgal, Igor & May��n-Estrada, Rosaura, 2011, New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe, pp. 48-60 in Zootaxa 2798 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277026, {"references":["Claparede, E. & Lachmann, J. (1859) Etudes sur les Infusoires et les Rhizopodes. Memoires de l'Institut National Genevois, 6, 261 - 482.","Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolariidae (Peritrichia). Protozoenfauna Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 309 pp."]}

Podophrya fixa (O.F. M��ller, 1786) Fig. 3 c. The cell is spherical, stalk long, thin, slightly bent. Numerous capitate tentacles, variable in length, equally spaced over the body surface. There is one centrally located, spherical macronucleus, and one contractile vacuole. Reproduction by pseudo-scissiparity producing a bud that is approximately a same size as a mother cell with about 12 longitudinal rows of cilia and several rudimentary tentacles (Curds, 1986). The stalked oviform cyst with four transversal ribs is characteristic for this species. Dimensions (in ��m): body diameter 10���40; length of stalk 80���100; stalk diameter 4���5; macronucleus diameter 11���15; length of tentacles 12���25. Previous measurements: body diameter 25���70; length of stalk 35���140; length of tentacles until 120. Material examined. Found as epibiont of: Plea leachi. Ukraine. Small lake in high-water bed of Desna river near village Klad���kovka, Chernigov region, 12.07. 1984. Additional records. On Cambarus Erichson (Morado & Small, 1995). On algae; seawater, wastewater; aquatic plants, copepods, sewage treatment plants (Matthes et al. 1988). On aquatic plants, copepod, sewage treatment plants (Aladro-Lubel et al. 2006). On Gammarus wilitzkii Birula (Fernandez-Leborans, 2009; Fernandez- Leborans et al. 2006)., Published as part of Mari��o-P��rez, Ricardo, Dovgal, Igor & May��n-Estrada, Rosaura, 2011, New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe, pp. 48-60 in Zootaxa 2798 on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277026, {"references":["Curds, C. R. (1986) A revision of the Suctoria (Ciliophora, Kinetofragminophorea) 4. Podophrya and its morphological relatives. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 50 (2), 59 - 91.","Morado, J. F. & Small, E. G. (1995) Ciliate Parasites and Related Diseases of Crustacea: A Review. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 3 (4), 275 - 354.","Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolariidae (Peritrichia). Protozoenfauna Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 309 pp.","Aladro-Lubel, M. A., Mayen-Estrada, R. & Reyes-Santos, M. (2006) Registro actualizado de ciliados (agosto 2004). Listados faunisticos de Mexico. Instituto de Biologia, UNAM. Mexico, 97 pp.","Fernandez-Leborans, G. (2009) A review of recently described epibioses of Ciliate Protozoa on Crustacea. Crustaceana, 82 (2), 168 - 189."]}

Metacineta longipes (Mereschkowsky, 1877) Fig. 3 e. The cell is spherical or somewhat elongate, covered by stylotheca with very long stalk-like protuberance. Macronucleus is ovoid, centrally located. Cell body clamped to the stylotheca near the apical aperture. The apical aperture of stylotheca has 6 or 7 edges. Tentacles are long, clavate and arranged in 6 or 7 radial rows placed between edges of stylotheca (Rieder, 1985). Reproduction by semi-circumvaginative budding with generation of tomit in the partial invagination of trophont cortex. Dimensions: body diameter 25���37; diameter of macronucleus 10���15; length of tentacles 30���50; stylotheca length 175���185; stylotheca width 40���50; stalk-like protuberance length 130���200. Previous measurements: body diameter 246; length (with stalk) 2,040. Material examined. Found as epibiont of: Nepa cinerea. Belarus. River Ubort��� near village Borovoe, 13.08. 1983. Additional records. On Lemna Linnaeus, Ceratophyllum Linnaeus (Matthes et al. 1988)., Published as part of Mari��o-P��rez, Ricardo, Dovgal, Igor & May��n-Estrada, Rosaura, 2011, New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe, pp. 48-60 in Zootaxa 2798 on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277026, {"references":["Rieder, J. (1985) Critical revision of the literature and new communications of the genus Metacineta Butschli (Protozoa, Suctoria) with proposal of a consequential taxonomy. Archiv fur Protistenkunde, 130, 201 - 287.","Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolariidae (Peritrichia). Protozoenfauna Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 309 pp."]}

Tokophrya lemnarum (Stein, 1859) Fig. 2 c. Freshwater species whose body shape is piryform to pyramidal. Lorica absent. Fascicles of capitate tentacles mounted on 2 actinophores. Stalk longitudinally striated, of variable length, but usually at least as long as body. There are usually 2 anterior-lateral contractile vacuoles. Macronucleus ovoid to elongate with several micronuclei. Reproduction by endogenous budding producing buds with 4 ciliary girdles (Curds, 1985 b). Dimensions: body length 30���48; body width 24���35; length of the tentacles 35���50; macronucleus diameter 9��� 12; stalk length 60���250; stalk diameter 3���7. Previous measurements: body length 18���127; body width 12���82; stalk length 54���170. Material examined. Found as epibiont of: Nepa cinerea. Ukraine. Pond near village Begun���, Zhytomir region. 25.09. 1984. Naucoris cimicoides. Ukraine. Small lake in high-water bed of river Western Bug near village Kamenka Bugskaya, Lvov region. 0 6.09. 1985. Additional records. On Lemna (Curds, 1985 b); on aquatic plants, Asellus aquaticus (Linnaeus), Astacus leptodactylus, gammarids from Baikal lake (Curds, 1985 b; Matthes et al. 1988); on Gammarus Fabricius, Astacus leptodactylus (Morado & Small, 1995); on Cordylophora caspia Pallas (Aladro-Lubel et al. 2006)., Published as part of Mari��o-P��rez, Ricardo, Dovgal, Igor & May��n-Estrada, Rosaura, 2011, New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe, pp. 48-60 in Zootaxa 2798 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277026, {"references":["Curds, C. R. (1985 b) A revision of the Suctoria (Ciliophora, Kinetofragminophorea) 3. Tokophrya and its morphological relatives. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 49 (2), 167 - 193.","Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolariidae (Peritrichia). Protozoenfauna Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 309 pp.","Morado, J. F. & Small, E. G. (1995) Ciliate Parasites and Related Diseases of Crustacea: A Review. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 3 (4), 275 - 354.","Aladro-Lubel, M. A., Mayen-Estrada, R. & Reyes-Santos, M. (2006) Registro actualizado de ciliados (agosto 2004). Listados faunisticos de Mexico. Instituto de Biologia, UNAM. Mexico, 97 pp."]}

Manuelophrya hannae (Guhl, 1985) Fig. 1 a. Cell is spherical with single, short, thick, rod-like tentacle by which this parasite of the peritrichs attaches to the host body. Lorica absent. Macronucleus spherical, centrally located. There are two contractile vacuoles, placed near the opposite site of the tentacular region of body. Reproduction by semi-circumvaginative budding. Dimensions: cell body diameter 30���35; length of tentacles 15���20; diameter of macronucleus 8���12. Previous measurements: cell body diameter 30���35. Material examined. Found as ectoparasite of epibiont peritrich species from Lethocerus sp. Mexico. Near Grutas de la Estrella, Ixtapan de la Sal. State of Mexico. 1550 m.a.s.l. (18 �� 43 ��� 30.7 ��� N; 99 �� 35 ��� 59.1 W). 18.09. 2005. Additional records. Ectoparasite of peritrich Haplocaulus walteri Precht (Matthes et al. 1988)., Published as part of Mari��o-P��rez, Ricardo, Dovgal, Igor & May��n-Estrada, Rosaura, 2011, New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe, pp. 48-60 in Zootaxa 2798 on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277026, {"references":["Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolariidae (Peritrichia). Protozoenfauna Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 309 pp."]}

Periacineta buckei (Kent, 1882) Figs. 1 g���i. Polymorphic suctorian with trapeziform, flattened, loricate body. Lorica smooth, without transversal ribbons, and with slit-like aperture, the stalk is short. Macronucleus spheroidal or elongate. Tentacles are clavate, and capable to contract into body, and are arranged in two apical fascicles. Actinophores absent. There are from 1 to 4 contractile vacuoles. Reproduction by inversogemmic budding. Dimensions: body length 16���120; width 19���59; macronucleus 13���38 x 4���7; contractile vacuoles diameter 2���4; length of the tentacles 8���75; stalk length 6���24; stalk diameter 3���10. Previous measurements: body length 24���450; body width 13���121; length of tentacles until 88. Material examined. Found as epibiont of: Belostoma sp. 1. Mexico. Tecocomulco lake. State of Hidalgo. 2530 m.a.s.l. (19 �� 52 ��� 30.5 ��� N; 98 �� 23 ��� 41.2 ��� W). 15.09. 2007. Belostoma sp. 2. Mexico. Near Santo Domingo de Morelos. State of Oaxaca. 309 m. a.s.l. (15 �� 52 ��� 24.7 ��� N; 96 �� 37 ��� 49.6 ��� W). 16.01. 2009. Belostoma sp. 3. Mexico. Near Grutas de la Estrella, Ixtapan de la Sal. State of Mexico. 1550 m.a.s.l. (18 �� 43 ��� 30.7 ��� N; 99 �� 35 ��� 59.1 W). 18.09. 2005. Lethocerus sp. Mexico. Near Grutas de la Estrella, Ixtapan de la Sal. State of Mexico. 1550 m.a.s.l. (18 �� 43 ��� 30.7 ��� N; 99 �� 35 ��� 59.1 W). 18.09. 2005. Ranatra sp. 1. Mexico. Tecocomulco lake. State of Hidalgo. 2530 m.a.s.l. (19 �� 52 ��� 30.5 ��� N; 98 �� 23 ��� 41.2 ��� W). 15.09. 2007. Ranatra sp. 2. Mexico. Near Grutas de la Estrella, Ixtapan de la Sal. State of Mexico. 1550 m.a.s.l. (18 �� 43 ��� 30.7 ��� N; 99 �� 35 ��� 59.1 W). 18.09. 2005. Ranatra linearis. Ukraine. Lake Lyubyaz��� near village Lyubyaz��� (high-water bed of Pripyat��� river), Volyn��� region. 0 8.06. 1986. Small lake in high-water bed of Snov river near Sednev, Chernigov region. 15.06. 1991. Small lake in high-water bed of river Goryn��� near village Zbuzh, Rovno region. 0 6.07. 1985. River Goryn��� near village Stepan���, 0 8.07. 1985. Former river-bed of Desna river near sity Oster, Chernigov region. 21.09. 1985. Small lake in high-water bed of Dnieper river (left bank) near Kiev, Ukraine. 0 8.01. 1986. Belarus. Small lake in high-water bed of river Pripyat��� near village Khojno, 14.06. 1986. Nepa cinerea. Ukraine. River Snov near Village Gorsk, Chernigov region. 14.06. 1991. River Zamglaj near village Kiselevka, Chernigov region. 10.07. 1990. River Severskj Donetc near village Chervonaya Gorka, Kharkov region. 11.08. 1989. Turya river near village Khoteshov, Volyn��� region, 31.05. 1986. Lake Svyatoe near village Zalukhov, Volyn��� region. 0 4.06. 1986. Ambrysus sp. 1. Mexico. Near Santo Domingo de Morelos. State of Oaxaca. 309 m. a.s.l. (15 �� 52 ��� 24.7 ��� N; 96 �� 37 ��� 49.6 ��� W). 16.01. 2009. Naucoris cimicoides. Ukraine. Small lake in high-water bed of Psel river near village Staronovo. 12.07. 1988. Additional records. On artificial substrate (Jones, 1974; Coats & Clamp, 2009). On Nepa, Ranatra, Naucoris, Hydrous, Helophorus Fabricius, Hydraena Kugelann, Argyoneta aquatica Clerck, and Planorbis (Matthes et al. 1988)., Published as part of Mari��o-P��rez, Ricardo, Dovgal, Igor & May��n-Estrada, Rosaura, 2011, New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe, pp. 48-60 in Zootaxa 2798 on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277026, {"references":["Jones, E. E. (1974) The Protozoa of Mobile Bay, Alabama. University of South Alabama Monographs No. 1, 113 pp.","Coats, D. W. & Clamp, J. C. (2009) Ciliated Protists (Ciliophora) of the Gulf of Mexico In: Felder, D. L. & Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters and Biota Volume 1, Biodiversity. Texas A & M University Press, pp. 57 - 79.","Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolariidae (Peritrichia). Protozoenfauna Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 309 pp."]}

Tokophrya quadripartita (Clapar��de et Lachmann, 1859) Fig. 3 b. Species medium to large, freshwater whose body shape is pyramidal and approximately square in cross section. There are 4 lobe-like prominent actinophores, one at each corner of the apical surface, each bearing a fascicle of capitates tentacles. Lorica absent. Stalk of variable length present. Number of contractile vacuoles varies from 1 to 3. Macronucleus spherical to ovoid, centrally placed. There is one contractile vacuole. Endogenous budding results in an ovoid larval form with variable numbers of ciliary rows and formations (Curds, 1985 b). Dimensions: body length 50���138; body width 20���70; macronucleus 7���16 x 28���58; length of tentacles 20���50; length of stalk 80���220; stalk diameter 4���7. Previous measurements: body length 60���175, body width 18���75, length of tentacles until 90. Material examined. Found as epibiont of: Lethocerus sp. Mexico. Near Grutas de la Estrella, Ixtapan de la Sal. State of Mexico. 1550 m.a.s.l. (18 �� 43 ��� 30.7 ��� N; 99 �� 35 ��� 59.1 W). 18.09. 2005. Additional records. On aquatic plants, copepods, over stalk of Epistylis plicatilis Ehrenberg, on Asellus Geoffroy, Triturus sp. Rafinesque (Matthes et al. 1988); on Paludina Lamarck, Cyclops M��ller, Chrysemys picta belli (Gray) (Curds, 1985 b); on Cambarellus patzcuarensis Villalobos (Aladro-Lubel et al. 2006; Fernandez-Leborans, 2009). On Cyclops, Limnocalanus macrurus Sars, Epischura lacustris Forbes, Eucyclops agilis (Koch & Sars), Cyclops bicuspidatus Claus, Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz (Fernandez-Leborans & Tato-Porto, 2000). On Limnocalanus macrurus, Epischura lacustris and Asellus intermedius Forbes (Morado & Small, 1995)., Published as part of Mari��o-P��rez, Ricardo, Dovgal, Igor & May��n-Estrada, Rosaura, 2011, New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe, pp. 48-60 in Zootaxa 2798 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277026, {"references":["Claparede, E. & Lachmann, J. (1859) Etudes sur les Infusoires et les Rhizopodes. Memoires de l'Institut National Genevois, 6, 261 - 482.","Curds, C. R. (1985 b) A revision of the Suctoria (Ciliophora, Kinetofragminophorea) 3. Tokophrya and its morphological relatives. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 49 (2), 167 - 193.","Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolariidae (Peritrichia). Protozoenfauna Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 309 pp.","Aladro-Lubel, M. A., Mayen-Estrada, R. & Reyes-Santos, M. (2006) Registro actualizado de ciliados (agosto 2004). Listados faunisticos de Mexico. Instituto de Biologia, UNAM. Mexico, 97 pp.","Fernandez-Leborans, G. (2009) A review of recently described epibioses of Ciliate Protozoa on Crustacea. Crustaceana, 82 (2), 168 - 189.","Fernandez-Leborans, G. & Tato-Porto, M. L. (2000) A review of the species of protozoan epibionts on crustaceans. II. Suctorian ciliates. Crustaceana, 73 (10), 1205 - 1237.","Morado, J. F. & Small, E. G. (1995) Ciliate Parasites and Related Diseases of Crustacea: A Review. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 3 (4), 275 - 354."]}

Dendrosoma radians Ehrenberg, 1838 Fig. 2 a. Suctorian ciliate with very large (up to 5 mm) branched body. Several fascicles of tentacles placed at the numerous actinophores which are elevated over the substrate. Single macronucleus branched reaching the actinophores. Micronuclei are numerous. The shape of body is extremely variable depending on the type of substrate. Thus at the more or less flat substrate the individuals (especially young), have irregularly shaped flattened body with short, unramified actinophores, whereas on complex sufaces, i.e. aquatic invertebrates, the body might be dendritic with long branched actinophores. Reproduction by multiple endogenous budding. Dimensions of individuals: body width 150���380; actinophore length 30���140; length of tentacles 10���30. Previous measurements: vertical length until 550; length of tentacles 75���90. Material examined. Found as epibiont of: Ranatra linearis. Ukraine. Lake Lyubyaz��� near village Lyubyaz��� (high-water bed of Pripyat��� river), Volyn��� region, 0 8.06. 1986. Aphelocheirus aestivalis. Ukraine. Psel river near village Kamennoe. 17.07. 1988. Additional records. On artificial substrate (Jones, 1974; Coats & Clamp, 2009). On aquatic plants, Ceratophyllum, Callitriche Linnaeus, Elodea Michaux, Myriophyllum Ponted, algae, Cordylophora Allman, Phragmites Adanson, Polygonum Linnaeus, gammarids from Baikal lake (Matthes et al. 1988); on Brandtia latissima (Gerstfeldt), Odontogammarus pulcherrimus Dorogostaisky, Pallasea cancellus (Pallas), Echinogammarus maacki Stebbing, Hyalellopsis czyrniankii Stebing (Fernandez-Leborans & Tato-Porto, 2000)., Published as part of Mari��o-P��rez, Ricardo, Dovgal, Igor & May��n-Estrada, Rosaura, 2011, New records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria) as epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) from two regions: Mexico and Eastern Europe, pp. 48-60 in Zootaxa 2798 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277026, {"references":["Jones, E. E. (1974) The Protozoa of Mobile Bay, Alabama. University of South Alabama Monographs No. 1, 113 pp.","Coats, D. W. & Clamp, J. C. (2009) Ciliated Protists (Ciliophora) of the Gulf of Mexico In: Felder, D. L. & Camp, D. K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters and Biota Volume 1, Biodiversity. Texas A & M University Press, pp. 57 - 79.","Matthes, D., Guhl, W. & Haider, G. (1988) Suctoria und Urceolariidae (Peritrichia). Protozoenfauna Band 7 / 1. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 309 pp.","Fernandez-Leborans, G. & Tato-Porto, M. L. (2000) A review of the species of protozoan epibionts on crustaceans. II. Suctorian ciliates. Crustaceana, 73 (10), 1205 - 1237."]}

Here, we provide new records of suctorians (Ciliophora: Suctoria), epibionts of aquatic true bugs (Hemiptera: Prosorrhyncha: Nepomorpha) collected in Ukraine, Belarus and Mexico. The worldwide distribution of the 16 species we found is updated, from which, 15 species are new records as epibionts of 15 species of aquatic true bugs. Only for the suctorian Discophrya gessneri Matthes, we confirm the previous record (epibiont of Aphelocheirus aestivalis Fabricius). We conclude that the relationship between the suctorians and aquatic true bugs is poorly studied and some suctorian genera (Dis- cophrya Lachmann and Periacineta Collin) inhabit as nepomorphans as other aquatic insects (Coleoptera). However the high degree of specificity at the species level of these genera is evident, for which we provide some possible explanations according to the group of basibiont.