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The authors discuss experience in 168 operations for extirpation and segmental resection of affected bronchi in children with bronchiectases. To prevent recanalization of the bronchus after its segmental resection and to prevent the formation of an abscess in the isolated part of the lung they suggest a method for intraoperative packing of the remaining bronchi with biopolymer material.

The authors' experience with the treatment of 46 patients with secondary and primary omentitis is presented. Operations were performed in all the children. Resection of the altered portion of the omentum was fulfilled in primary omentitis. Draining operations were performed in cases with secondary omentitis. It was found that primary omentitis was caused by a hematogenic infection of peripheral portions of the greater omentum, the secondary omentitis being due to a residual inflammatory process in the resected omentum stump or not correct assessment of its state and rejection of resection while performing appendectomy.

In 12 patients in different terms after bronchial resection for bronchiectases changes in the minor circulatory circuit were analysed, taking into account catheterization findings in the pulmonary artery and the data of angiopneumonography. The studies have indicated that after resection of segmental bronchi the corresponding segments remain airful, if in the boundaries of the same lobe normally ventilated segments are preserved. Blood flow through pneumotized (with resected bronchi) segments is functionally blocked. Segmental angiopneumonography performed following a year and a half proved a complete anatomical patency of the vascular bed.

On the basis of their clinical experience the authors consider the main cause of gastro-esophageal reflux-esophagitis in children up to three months of age to be dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system against the background of underdeveloped zone of cardia. Maximum conservative treatment is recommended and a complex of pathogenetic therapeutic measures is proposed. The remote results confirm the rightness of the tactics proposed.

Resection of the intestine for different diseases was made in 136 children of the first month of life (side-to-side anastomosis was fulfilled in 88 of them). Of 250 children aged from 1 month to 14 years side-to-side anastomoses were created in 22. The analysis of the course of the postoperative period, remote results of the treatment and experimental data method enabled the authors to conclude that complications associated directly with side-to-side anastomosis result from errors in the technique of its creation.

Twenty children of different age suspected of Hirschsprung's disease were examined. The complex examination included contrast irrigography, electromyography and determination of tissue acetylcholinesterase. The reliable diagnosis was established in 10 children. The distal border of agangliosis was found and thus the methods of treatment could be chosen.

Unlabelled: 70 infants and children (1,5 to 10 years of age) underwent a Soave-operation, 3 deaths., Results: bad 1, satisfying 4, good 62.

The results of the resection of the ileocecal angle and creation of the different types of small-to-large intestinal anastomoses in 52 children at the age of from 5 mos to 14 yrs were analysed. The authors have developed in the experiment and employed in 9 children the modification of the invagination anastomosis according to Ya. D. Vitebsky with the use of a silicone tube. This permitted to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.

The authors propose a new method for surgical treatment of acute purulent diseases of lungs and pleura in children consisting in a combination of operative occlusion of the bronchus of the injured portion of the lung (transection of the bronchus with suturing its ends) with pneumoabscessotomy or cystectomy. Such operations are maximum sparing, have a sufficient sanitation effect, reduce the risk of recurrence, pyopneumothorax and shorten the period of treatment.

On the basis of an analysis of remote results of appendectomy for non-destructive forms of appendicitis in children the authors make a conclusion that appendectomy was not justified in these forms of the disease. To differentiate destructive and non-destructive forms of appendicitis the authors recommend to use electromyography and laparoscopy.

Seventy children with obstructive cholangopathy were examined in the clinic in the recent 15 years: 48 children had "cholangiopathy of the newborn" and 22 had a cyst of the common bile duct. A total of 44 operations were carried out: on 22 infants with cholangiopathy of the newborn and on 22 with cysts of the common bile duct. The most informative methods for the diagnosis of cholangiopathy in children are as follows: ultrasonic scanning, laparoscopy, ERCPG, aspiration biopsy of the liver, and aspiration cholangiography under control of a laparoscope. Kasai's operation is the operation of choice in obstructive cholangiopathy of the newborn. The operation of choice in cysts of the common bile duct is cystectomy with choledocho- or hepaticojejunostomy on an isolated loop after Roux.

The authors dispose an experience with 250 surgical interventions with employment of abacterial insulators. The operations were carried out upon the abdominal organs, thorax, bones, vessels, urogenital organs etc. in neonates and elder children. A number of advantages of the surgical method with employment of abacterial insulators are ascertained.