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54. The First Report of mcr-1-Carrying Escherichia coli Originating from Animals in Serbia

Author

Mišić, Dušan, primary, Kiskaroly, Ferenc, additional, Szostak, Michael P., additional, Cabal, Adriana, additional, Ruppitsch, Werner, additional, Bernreiter-Hofer, Tanja, additional, Milovanovic, Viktoria, additional, Feßler, Andrea T., additional, Allerberger, Franz, additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, Müller, Elke, additional, Schwarz, Stefan, additional, Braun, Sascha D., additional, Monecke, Stefan, additional, Ehricht, Ralf, additional, Korus, Maciej, additional, Benković, Damir, additional, Korzeniowska, Malgorzata, additional, and Loncaric, Igor, additional

Published
2021
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55. The Pheno- and Genotypic Characterization of Porcine Escherichia coli Isolates

Author

Bernreiter-Hofer, Tanja, primary, Schwarz, Lukas, additional, Müller, Elke, additional, Cabal-Rosel, Adriana, additional, Korus, Maciej, additional, Misic, Dusan, additional, Frankenfeld, Katrin, additional, Abraham, Kerstin, additional, Grünzweil, Olivia, additional, Weiss, Astrid, additional, Feßler, Andrea T., additional, Allerberger, Franz, additional, Schwarz, Stefan, additional, Szostak, Michael P., additional, Ruppitsch, Werner, additional, Ladinig, Andrea, additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, Braun, Sascha D., additional, Monecke, Stefan, additional, Ehricht, Ralf, additional, and Loncaric, Igor, additional

Published
2021
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56. T-Cell Cytokine Response in Salmonella Typhimurium-Vaccinated versus Infected Pigs

Author

Schmidt, Selma, primary, Kreutzmann, Heinrich, additional, Stadler, Maria, additional, Mair, Kerstin H., additional, Stas, Melissa R., additional, Koch, Michaela, additional, Vatzia, Eleni, additional, Dürlinger, Sophie, additional, Knecht, Christian, additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, Dolezal, Marlies, additional, Springer, Sven, additional, Theuß, Tobias, additional, Fachinger, Vicky, additional, Ladinig, Andrea, additional, Saalmüller, Armin, additional, and Gerner, Wilhelm, additional

Published
2021
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57. Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals

Author

Grünzweil, Olivia M., primary, Palmer, Lauren, additional, Cabal, Adriana, additional, Szostak, Michael P., additional, Ruppitsch, Werner, additional, Kornschober, Christian, additional, Korus, Maciej, additional, Misic, Dusan, additional, Bernreiter-Hofer, Tanja, additional, Korath, Anna D. J., additional, Feßler, Andrea T., additional, Allerberger, Franz, additional, Schwarz, Stefan, additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, Müller, Elke, additional, Braun, Sascha D., additional, Monecke, Stefan, additional, Ehricht, Ralf, additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, Smodlaka, Hrvoje, additional, and Loncaric, Igor, additional

Published
2021
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58. Mycoplasma taxonomy: what's in a name and where to submit?

Author

Chalker, Victoria, Balish, Mitchell, Bertaccini, Assunta, Blanchard, Alain, Brown, Daniel, Frey, Joachim, Gasparich, Gail, Hölzle, Ludwig, Knox, Christine, Kuo, Chih-Horng, Manso-Silvan, Lucia, May, Meghan, Ramírez Corbera, Ana Sofía, Spergser, Joachim, Spiller, Brad, Volokhov, Dmitriy, and Wei, Wei

Abstract

The International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) oversees the nomenclature of prokaryotes, naming rules and issues Judicial Commission Opinions concerning taxonomy, Bacteriological Code revisions, etc. Mycoplasmology is represented by a subcommittee of experts on behalf of the International Organization for Mycoplasmology (IOM). Taxonomy of Mollicutes standards (Brown et al., 2007) include deposition: (i) type strains into two culture collections; (ii) 16S rRNA gene sequences with phylogenetic analysis; (iii) demonstration type strains differ from known valid species; (iv) assignment to an order, family and genus in the class. (v) description of novel Mollicutes species should also follow the proposed minimal standards for the use of genome data for the taxonomy of prokaryotes in which genome sequence (complete or draft) the proposed type strain is required (this is not required for `Candidatus` assignment) (Chun et al., 2018). Antiserum is no longer required (Firrao and Brown 2012). Submission of Mollicutes to culture collections is imperative to assist the community longer term by accessing strains, retaining them for future work and is required when describing a new species. In 2021 the ICSP reviewed international culture collections accepting depositions of Mollicutes. The following collections indicated they accept strains (*with no charge for deposition, shipping fees apply): USA: ATCC* France: CIP* Germany: DSMZ* Japan: NBRC UK: NCTC* Taiwan: BCRC (case by case review) Taxonomic naming of new species: Recent publications suggest renaming of species to unusual/unconventional names (Gupta and Oren, 2020). The ICSP Mollicutes Subcommittee is committed to retaining nomenclature aligned to the agreed code and existing scientific/clinical practice, retaining standards for authors naming Mollicutes. Balish et al., 2020 recommended rejection of published names within the class Mollicutes. When considering naming new species, we recommend contacting the committee for advice prior to publication, engage with the Mollicute community prior to publication of controversial changes, especially impacting pathogenic relevant bacteria.

Published
2021

61. Characterization of Antibiotic and Biocide Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis in Rwanda

Author

Antók, Fruzsina Irén, Mayrhofer, Rosa, Marbach, Helene, Masengesho, Jean Claude, Keinprecht, Helga, Nyirimbuga, Vedaste, Fischer, Otto, Lepuschitz, Sarah, Ruppitsch, Werner, Ehling-Schulz, Monika, Feßler, Andrea T., Schwarz, Stefan, Monecke, Stefan, Ehricht, Ralf, Grunert, Tom, Spergser, Joachim, and Loncaric, Igor

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic resistance, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::637 Milchverarbeitung und verwandte Produkte, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten, spa typing, FTIR spectroscopy, capsule serotyping, Staphylococcus species, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::636 Viehwirtschaft, bovine mastitis, MLST
Abstract

The present study was conducted from July to August 2018 on milk samples taken at dairy farms in the Northern Province and Kigali District of Rwanda in order to identify Staphylococcus spp. associated with bovine intramammary infection. A total of 161 staphylococcal isolates originating from quarter milk samples of 112 crossbred dairy cattle were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and isolates were examined for the presence of various resistance genes. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were also analyzed for the presence of virulence factors, genotyped by spa typing and further phenotypically subtyped for capsule expression using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Selected S. aureus were characterized using DNA microarray technology, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome sequencing. All mecA-positive staphylococci were further genotyped using dru typing. In total, 14 different staphylococcal species were detected, with S. aureus being most prevalent (26.7%), followed by S. xylosus (22.4%) and S. haemolyticus (14.9%). A high number of isolates was resistant to penicillin and tetracycline. Various antimicrobial and biocide resistance genes were detected. Among S. aureus, the Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes, as well as bovine leukocidin (LukM/LukF-P83) genes, were detected in two and three isolates, respectively, of which two also carried the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tsst-1 bovine variant. t1236 was the predominant spa type. FTIR-based capsule serotyping revealed a high prevalence of non-encapsulated S. aureus isolates (89.5%). The majority of the selected S. aureus isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 97 which was determined using DNA microarray based assignment. Three new MLST sequence types were detected.

Published
2020

62. Additional file 3 of Characterisation of mobile genetic elements in Mycoplasma hominis with the description of ICEHo-II, a variant mycoplasma integrative and conjugative element

Author

Henrich, Birgit, Hammerlage, Stephanie, Scharf, Sebastian, Haberhausen, Diana, Fürnkranz, Ursula, Köhrer, Karl, Peitzmann, Lena, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Spergser, Joachim, Pfeffer, Klaus, and Dilthey, Alexander T.

Abstract

Additional file 3. Phylogeny of MhoM and CDS11. MhoM encoded proteins of ICEHo-I and -II elements of strains FBG, SP10291, PL5, 4788 and TO0613 were clustered with the respective CDS11 genes in multiple sequence alignment using Clustal W. A.) Phylogenetic tree of MhoM and CDS11 encoded proteins. B.) Percent identities and divergences of MhoM and CDS11 proteins.

Published
2020
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63. Additional file 1 of Characterisation of mobile genetic elements in Mycoplasma hominis with the description of ICEHo-II, a variant mycoplasma integrative and conjugative element

Author

Henrich, Birgit, Hammerlage, Stephanie, Scharf, Sebastian, Haberhausen, Diana, Fürnkranz, Ursula, Köhrer, Karl, Peitzmann, Lena, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Spergser, Joachim, Pfeffer, Klaus, and Dilthey, Alexander T.

Abstract

Additional file 1. Homology of CDS6. Deduced protein sequences of CDS6 derived from M. hominis strains FBG (BHBFJMJE_00471), SP10291 (HDENHCDK_00553), TO0613 (WP_036439043.1), PL5 (WP_036439043.1), and 4788 (WP_036439043.1) and of M. fermentans strains M64 (ADV34390.1 (I) and ADV34456.1(II)) and PG18 (ICEF-IA (AAN85216.1 (IA)) and ICEF-II-A (AAN85259.1 (II-A)). Two chromosomal proteins of M. hominis PG21 (MHO_0070 (CAX37141.1) and MHO_1280 (CAX37262.1)) were used as unrelated ICE-outliners in ClustalW-based Multiple Sequence Alignment. A. Phylogenetic tree; B. Percent amino acid identities and divergences; and C. Multiple Sequence Alignment of CDS6 encoded proteins. Identical amino acids are marked in green, isofunctional amino acids marked in yellow.

Published
2020
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64. Additional file 2 of Characterisation of mobile genetic elements in Mycoplasma hominis with the description of ICEHo-II, a variant mycoplasma integrative and conjugative element

Author

Henrich, Birgit, Hammerlage, Stephanie, Scharf, Sebastian, Haberhausen, Diana, Fürnkranz, Ursula, Köhrer, Karl, Peitzmann, Lena, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Spergser, Joachim, Pfeffer, Klaus, and Dilthey, Alexander T.

Abstract

Additional file 2. Clustering of MhoH and MhoJ. MhoH and MhoJ proteins of FBG, SP10291, PL5 and TO0613 were clustered in multiple sequence alignment using Clustal W and divided in five subgroups (MhoH1 to MhoH3 and MhoJ1 and MhoJ2) according to their phylogenetic relationship (A.). All MhoH and MhoJ proteins carried the TAL-effector motif in the C-terminal part (B.). Percent amino acid identities and divergences are shown in C.).

Published
2020
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65. Broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant enterobacterales associated with canine and feline urogenital infections

Author

Loncaric, Igor, Mišić, Dušan, Szostak, Michael P., Künzel, Frank, Schäfer-Somi, Sabine, Spergser, Joachim, Loncaric, Igor, Mišić, Dušan, Szostak, Michael P., Künzel, Frank, Schäfer-Somi, Sabine, and Spergser, Joachim

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to characterize Enterobacterales resistant to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and/or fluoroquinolones, isolated from dogs and cats with urogenital infections. In total, 36 strains (Escherichia coli (n = 28), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3), Serratia marcescens, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter portucalensis and Enterobacter cloacae (each n = 1)) were included in the present study, 28 from Austria and 8 from Serbia. Isolates were characterized by a polyphasic approach including susceptibility pheno-and genotyping and microarray-based assays. Escherichia (E.) coli isolates were additionally characterized by two-locus (fumC and fimH) sequence phylotyping and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of selected isolates. MLST of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae isolates was also performed. Among E. coli, the most dominant phylogenetic group was B1 (27.8%), followed by C, (16.6%), A and Clade II (5.5% each), B2 and F (2.77% each). The most predominant β-lactam resistance genes were blaTEM (70%) and blaCTX-M (38.8%), blaCMY (25%). blaNDM was detected in one carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae ST114. The most common ST among selected E. coli was 744 (10.7% isolates). The pandemic clones ST131 and ST648 carrying CTX-M-15 were also detected. Remaining STs belonged to 469, 1287, 1463 and 1642. E. coli clonotyping revealed 20 CH types. Based on the presence of certain virulence genes, three isolates were categorized as ExPEC/UPEC. The most prevalent virulence factors were fimH detected in 61%, iucD and iss both in 55%, iroN in 27.8%, papC in 13.8% and sat in 8.3% isolates.

Published
2020

66. Vaccination and Infection of Swine With Salmonella Typhimurium Induces a Systemic and Local Multifunctional CD4+ T-Cell Response

Author

Schmidt, Selma, primary, Sassu, Elena L., additional, Vatzia, Eleni, additional, Pierron, Alix, additional, Lagler, Julia, additional, Mair, Kerstin H., additional, Stadler, Maria, additional, Knecht, Christian, additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, Dolezal, Marlies, additional, Springer, Sven, additional, Theuß, Tobias, additional, Fachinger, Vicky, additional, Ladinig, Andrea, additional, Saalmüller, Armin, additional, and Gerner, Wilhelm, additional

Published
2021
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76. Erratum to “First description of two moderately halophilic and psychrotolerant Mycoplasma species isolated from cephalopods and proposal of Mycoplasma marinum sp. nov. and Mycoplasma todarodis sp. nov” [Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 42 (2019) 457-467]

Author

Ramírez, Ana S., primary, Vega-Orellana, Orestes M., additional, Viver, Tomeu, additional, Poveda, José B., additional, Rosales, Rubén S., additional, Poveda, Carlos G., additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, Szostak, Michael P., additional, Caballero, M. José, additional, Ressel, Lorenzo, additional, Bradbury, Janet M., additional, Tavío, M. Mar, additional, Karthikeyan, Smruthi, additional, Amann, Rudolf, additional, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., additional, and Rosselló-Móra, Ramon, additional

Published
2020
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78. Characterization of Antibiotic and Biocide Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis in Rwanda

Author

Antók, Fruzsina Irén, primary, Mayrhofer, Rosa, additional, Marbach, Helene, additional, Masengesho, Jean Claude, additional, Keinprecht, Helga, additional, Nyirimbuga, Vedaste, additional, Fischer, Otto, additional, Lepuschitz, Sarah, additional, Ruppitsch, Werner, additional, Ehling-Schulz, Monika, additional, Feßler, Andrea T., additional, Schwarz, Stefan, additional, Monecke, Stefan, additional, Ehricht, Ralf, additional, Grunert, Tom, additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, and Loncaric, Igor, additional

Published
2019
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80. Recommended rejection of the names Malacoplasma gen. nov., Mesomycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov., Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov., Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., Mycoplasmoides gen. nov., Mycoplasmopsis gen. nov. [Gupta, Sawnani, Adeolu, Alnajar and Oren 2018] and all proposed species comb. nov. placed therein

Author

Balish, Mitchell, primary, Bertaccini, Assunta, additional, Blanchard, Alain, additional, Brown, Daniel, additional, Browning, Glenn, additional, Chalker, Victoria, additional, Frey, Joachim, additional, Gasparich, Gail, additional, Hoelzle, Ludwig, additional, Knight, Tom, additional, Knox, Christine, additional, Kuo, Chih-Horng, additional, Manso-Silván, Lucia, additional, May, Meghan, additional, Pollack, J. Dennis, additional, Ramírez, Ana S., additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, Taylor-Robinson, David, additional, Volokhov, Dmitriy, additional, and Zhao, Yan, additional

Published
2019
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81. Urban brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) as possible source of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., Vienna, Austria, 2016 and 2017 separator commenting unavailable

Author

Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, Ruppitsch, Werner, Lepuschitz, Sarah, Szostak, Michael P., Spergser, Joachim, Feßler, Andrea T., Schwarz, Stefan, Monecke, Stefan, Ehricht, Ralf, and Walzer, Chris [U.V.M.]

Subjects
Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::590 Tiere (Zoologie)::599 Mammalia (Säugetiere), 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten, Rattus norvegicus
Abstract

Background Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are an important wildlife species in cities, where they live in close proximity to humans. However, few studies have investigated their role as reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Aim We intended to determine whether urban rats at two highly frequented sites in Vienna, Austria, carry extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus spp. (MRS). Methods We surveyed the presence of antimicrobial resistance in 62 urban brown rats captured in 2016 and 2017 in Vienna, Austria. Intestinal and nasopharyngeal samples were cultured on selective media. We characterised the isolates and their antimicrobial properties using microbiological and genetic methods including disk diffusion, microarray analysis, sequencing, and detection and characterisation of plasmids. Results Eight multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and two extensively drug-resistant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases-1 (NDM-1)-producing Enterobacter xiangfangensis ST114 (En. cloacae complex) were isolated from nine of 62 rats. Nine Enterobacteriaceae isolates harboured the blaCTX-M gene and one carried a plasmid-encoded ampC gene (blaCMY-2). Forty-four MRS were isolated from 37 rats; they belonged to seven different staphylococcal species: S. fleurettii, S. sciuri, S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus (all mecA-positive) and mecC-positive S. xylosus. Conclusion Our findings suggest that brown rats in cities are a potential source of multidrug-resistant bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant En. xiangfangensis ST114. Considering the increasing worldwide urbanisation, rodent control remains an important priority for health in modern cities.

Published
2019

82. Characterization of mecC gene-carrying coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. isolated from various animals

Author

Loncarić, Igor, Kuebber-Heiss, Anna, Posautz, Annika, Ruppitsch, Werner, Lepuschitz, Sarah, Schauer, Bernhard, Fessler, Andrea T., Krametter-Froetscher, Reinhild, Harrison, Ewan M., Holmes, Mark A., Kuenzel, Frank, Szostak, Michael, Hauschild, Tomasz, Desvars-Larrive, Amelie, Mišić, Dušan, Rosengarten, Renate, Walzer, Chris, Slickers, Peter, Monecke, Stefan, Ehricht, Ralf, Schwarz, Stefan, Spergser, Joachim, Loncarić, Igor, Kuebber-Heiss, Anna, Posautz, Annika, Ruppitsch, Werner, Lepuschitz, Sarah, Schauer, Bernhard, Fessler, Andrea T., Krametter-Froetscher, Reinhild, Harrison, Ewan M., Holmes, Mark A., Kuenzel, Frank, Szostak, Michael, Hauschild, Tomasz, Desvars-Larrive, Amelie, Mišić, Dušan, Rosengarten, Renate, Walzer, Chris, Slickers, Peter, Monecke, Stefan, Ehricht, Ralf, Schwarz, Stefan, and Spergser, Joachim

Abstract

The presence of the methicillin resistance gene mecC in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CoNS) is scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize mecC-positive CoNS isolated from various wild and domestic animals. The presence of the mecC gene was screened in 4299 samples from wild animals and domestic animals. Fifteen coagulase-negative staphylococci, that displayed a cefoxitin-resistant phenotype, were tested mecC-positive by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all isolates. The 15 isolates were genotyped by sequencing of the entire class E mec gene complex (blaZ-mecC-mecRI-mecI), the ccrA and ccrB recombinase genes and other determinants within the type XI SCCmec element. DNA microarray analysis was performed and five selected isolates were additionally whole genome sequenced and analyzed. S. stepanovicii (n = 3), S. caprae (n = 1), S. warneri (n = 1), S. xylosus (n = 1) and S. sciuri (n = 9) were detected. All but the S. sciuri isolates were found to be susceptible to all non-beta lactams. The entire class E mec gene complex was detected in all isolates but ccrA and ccrB genes were not identified in S. stepanovicii and S. xylosus. The genes erm(B) and fexA (n = 4, each) were the most predominant non-beta lactam resistance genes detected in the S. sciuri isolates. Even though the presence of the mecC gene among CoNS is a rare observation, this study further expands our knowledge by showing that the mecC gene, including its allotypes, are present in more staphylococcal species from different animal species than has been previously described.

Published
2019

83. Genetic Profiling and Comparison of Human and Animal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Serbia

Author

Ašanin, Jelena, Mišić, Dušan, Aksentijević, Ksenija, Tambur, Zoran, Rakonjac, Bojan, Kovačević, Ivana, Spergser, Joachim, Loncarić, Igor, Ašanin, Jelena, Mišić, Dušan, Aksentijević, Ksenija, Tambur, Zoran, Rakonjac, Bojan, Kovačević, Ivana, Spergser, Joachim, and Loncarić, Igor

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize a collection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates of human and animal origin from Serbia. In total, 36 MRSA isolates-30 obtained from humans and six from companion animals-were investigated by PCR for the presence of antibiotic and biocide resistance determinants and virulence genes (PVL-Panton-Valentine leukocidin, ETs-exfoliative toxins, TSST-toxic shock syndrome toxin, SEs-staphylococcal enterotoxins, and MSCRAMMs-microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules and biofilm). Isolates were analyzed by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), spa, and dru typing, as well as by multiple locus variable number of tandem repeat analyses (MLVA), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and subsequently, eBURST. The majority of human MRSA isolates were resistant to gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin. Different antibiotic resistance genes were detected: aac-aphD, ant(6 )-Ia, erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), tet(K), tet(M), fexA, and cat(pC221). All isolates were susceptible to teicoplanin and linezolid. SCCmec type III was prevalent in human isolates, while SCCmec elements in animals were mostly nontypeable. t037 was the predominant spa type in human and t242 in animal MRSA isolates. The prevalent dru type was dt11c in human and dt10a in animal MRSA isolates. MRSA isolates exhibited 27 different MLVA types. ST239 was predominant in human, while ST5 was prevalent in canine MRSA isolates. PVL was found in two, while tsst-1 was detected in three human isolates. Human-associated clones belonging to ST5, ST45, and ST239 MRSA clones were discovered in companion animals, which suggests anthropozoonotic transmission.

Published
2019

84. Recommended rejection of the names malacoplasma gen. Nov., mesomycoplasma gen. nov., metamycoplasma gen. nov., metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov., mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov., mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., mycoplasmoides gen. nov., mycoplasmopsis gen. nov. [gupta, sawnani, adeolu, alnajar and oren 2018] and all proposed species comb. nov. placed therein

Author

Balish, Mitchell, Bertaccini, Assunta, Blanchard, Alain, Brown, Daniel, Browning, Glenn, Chalker, Victoria, Frey, Joachim, Gasparich, Gail, Hoelzle, Ludwig, Knight, Tom, Knox, Christine, Kuo, Chih Horng, Manso-Silvan, Lucia, May, Meghan, Pollack, J. Dennis, Ramírez, Ana S., Spergser, Joachim, Taylor-Robinson, David, Volokhov, Dmitriy, Zhao, Yan, Balish, Mitchell, Bertaccini, Assunta, Blanchard, Alain, Brown, Daniel, Browning, Glenn, Chalker, Victoria, Frey, Joachim, Gasparich, Gail, Hoelzle, Ludwig, Knight, Tom, Knox, Christine, Kuo, Chih Horng, Manso-Silvan, Lucia, May, Meghan, Pollack, J. Dennis, Ramírez, Ana S., Spergser, Joachim, Taylor-Robinson, David, Volokhov, Dmitriy, and Zhao, Yan

Abstract

The consensus of the members of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes’ Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Mollicutes is that recently proposed sweeping changes to nomenclature of members of the Mycoplasmatales, specifically involving introduction of the names Malacoplasma gen. nov., Mesomycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov., Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov., Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., Mycoplasmoides gen. nov., Mycoplasmopsis gen. nov., and all proposed species or subspecies comb. nov. placed therein, should be rejected because they violate one or more essential points of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes.

Published
2019

85. First description of two moderately halophilic and psychrotolerant Mycoplasma species isolated from cephalopods and proposal of Mycoplasma marinum sp. nov. and Mycoplasma todarodis sp. nov

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Canarias, Georgia Institute of Technology (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Science Foundation (US), Ramírez, Ana Sofía, Vega-Orellana, Orestes, Viver, Tomeu, Poveda, José B., Rosales, Rubén S., Poveda, Carlos G., Spergser, Joachim, Szostak, Michael P., Caballero, M. José, Ressel, Lorenzo, Bradbury, Janet M., Tavío, M. Mar, Karthikeyan, Smruthi, Amann, Rudolf, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., Rosselló-Mora, Ramón, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Gobierno de Canarias, Georgia Institute of Technology (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Science Foundation (US), Ramírez, Ana Sofía, Vega-Orellana, Orestes, Viver, Tomeu, Poveda, José B., Rosales, Rubén S., Poveda, Carlos G., Spergser, Joachim, Szostak, Michael P., Caballero, M. José, Ressel, Lorenzo, Bradbury, Janet M., Tavío, M. Mar, Karthikeyan, Smruthi, Amann, Rudolf, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., and Rosselló-Mora, Ramón

Abstract

Two moderately halophilic and psychrotolerant new Mycoplasma species were isolated from common cephalopods. Three strains were isolated in pure culture from two individual European flying squid (Todarodes sagittatus), and two individual octopuses (Octopus vulgaris). The strains showed optimal growth at 25 °C and a salinity of 3% (w/v) NaCl. Molecular analyses revealed that the isolates belonged to two new, but phylogenetically related species, divergent from all previously described Mollicutes, representing the first marine isolates of the class, and also the first Mycoplasma strains for which NaCl requirement has been demonstrated. A genome search against all available marine metagenomes and 16S rRNA gene databases indicated that these two species represent a novel non-free-living marine lineage of Mollicutes, specifically associated with marine animals. Morphology and physiology were compatible with other members of this group, and genomic and phenotypic analyses demonstrated that these organisms represent two novel species of the genus Mycoplasma, for which the names Mycoplasma marinum sp. nov. and Mycoplasma todarodis sp. nov. are proposed; the type strains are PET (DSM 105487T, CIP 111404T) and 5HT (DSM 105,488T, CIP 111405T), respectively.

Published
2019

86. Efficacy of Norway Spruce Ointments and Bacterial and Fungal Alterations in the Treatment of Castration Wounds in Piglets.

Author

Prokop, Désirée, Spergser, Joachim, Hagmüller, Werner, Tichy, Alexander, and Zitterl-Eglseer, Karin

Subjects
*WOUND healing, *SEQUENCE analysis, *ESSENTIAL oils, *ANIMAL experimentation, *CANDIDA, *SWINE, *FUNGI, *GUMS & resins, *PHYTOCHEMICALS, *SURGICAL site, *CASTRATION, *MASS spectrometry, *OINTMENTS, *MICROBIAL contamination
Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Norway spruce ointments on wound healing of castration wounds in piglets. This study included 95 male pigs randomly divided into five treatment groups: Norway spruce balm (Vulpuran), Norway spruce resin (Abilar), pork lard (ointment base of Vulpuran), no treatment (negative control) and antibiotic blue spray (Cyclo spray, positive control). Wound healing parameters (such as healing time, wound size, reddening of wound edges and surrounding, swelling, secretion and wound contamination), microbiological status and the haptoglobin level as an inflammation parameter were investigated. In the Norway spruce groups, some positive effects on wound healing parameters were found. In the first 6 days of treatment, Abilar or Vulpuran showed the smallest means of wound areas, and at the end of the study (day 15 + 17), the highest rates of completely closed wounds compared to the other groups. Vulpuran treatment led to significantly lower wound secretion (p = 0.003) and wound contamination (p = 0.015) than the untreated control did. Furthermore, the microbiological status was determined using MALDI-TOF-MS and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing at different days of treatment. A comparison of the five treatment groups on day 3 revealed that Norway spruce led to the lowest rate of wounds colonised with fungi, mainly classified into genus Candida, (Abilar 77%, Vulpuran 70%) in comparison with blue spray (89%), lard (100%) and untreated control (100%). Fungi could only be detected in one of the 13 samples treated with Vulpuran on day 8, which nearly reached significance (p = 0.055). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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87. Chronic pneumonia in calves after experimental infection with Mycoplasma bovis strain 1067: Characterization of lung pathology, persistence of variable surface protein antigens and local immune response

Author

Hermeyer Kathrin, Buchenau Inka, Thomasmeyer Anne, Baum Berit, Spergser Joachim, Rosengarten Renate, and Hewicker-Trautwein Marion

Subjects
Cattle, Mycoplasma bovis, pneumonia, immunoglobulins, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cells, MHC class II, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Background Mycoplasma bovis is associated with pneumonia in calves characterized by the development of chronic caseonecrotic lesions with the agent persisting within the lesion. The purposes of this study were to characterize the morphology of lung lesions, examine the presence of M. bovis variable surface protein (Vsp) antigens and study the local immune responses in calves after infection with M. bovis strain 1067. Methods Lung tissue samples from eight calves euthanased three weeks after experimental infection with M. bovis were examined by bacteriology and pathology. Lung lesions were evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for wide spectrum cytokeratin and for M. bovis Vsp antigens and pMB67 antigen. IHC identification and quantitative evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and immunoglobulin (IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IgA)-containing plasma cells was performed. Additionally, expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) was studied by IHC. Results Suppurative pneumonic lesions were found in all calves. In two calves with caseonecrotic pneumonia, necrotic foci were surrounded by epithelial cells resembling bronchial or bronchiolar epithelium. In all calves, M. bovis Vsp antigens were constantly present in the cytoplasm of macrophages and were also present extracellularly at the periphery of necrotic foci. There was a considerable increase in numbers of IgG1- and IgG2-positive plasma cells among which IgG1-containing plasma cells clearly predominated. Statistical evaluation of the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, however, did not reveal statistically significant differences between inoculated and control calves. In M. bovis infected calves, hyperplasia of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was characterized by strong MHC class II expression of lymphoid cells, but only few of the macrophages demarcating the caseonecrotic foci were positive for MHC class II. Conclusions The results from this study show that infection of calves with M. bovis results in various lung lesions including caseonecrotic pneumonia originating from bronchioli and bronchi. There is long-term persistence of M. bovis as demonstrated by bacteriology and immunohistochemistry for M. bovis antigens, i.e. Vsp antigens and pMB67. The persistence of the pathogen and its ability to evade the specific immune response may in part result from local downregulation of antigen presenting mechanisms and an ineffective humoral immune response with prevalence of IgG1 antibodies that, compared to IgG2 antibodies, are poor opsonins.

Published
2012
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91. Urban brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) as possible source of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., Vienna, Austria, 2016 and 2017

Author

Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, primary, Ruppitsch, Werner, additional, Lepuschitz, Sarah, additional, Szostak, Michael P, additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, Feßler, Andrea T, additional, Schwarz, Stefan, additional, Monecke, Stefan, additional, Ehricht, Ralf, additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, and Loncaric, Igor, additional

Published
2019
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92. Increased genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from companion animals

Author

Loncaric, Igor, primary, Lepuschitz, Sarah, additional, Ruppitsch, Werner, additional, Trstan, Alan, additional, Andreadis, Thomas, additional, Bouchlis, Nikolaos, additional, Marbach, Helene, additional, Schauer, Bernhard, additional, Szostak, Michael P., additional, Feßler, Andrea T., additional, Künzel, Frank, additional, Licka, Theresia, additional, Springer, Burkhard, additional, Allerberger, Franz, additional, Monecke, Stefan, additional, Ehricht, Ralf, additional, Schwarz, Stefan, additional, and Spergser, Joachim, additional

Published
2019
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93. First description of two moderately halophilic and psychrotolerant Mycoplasma species isolated from cephalopods and proposal of Mycoplasma marinum sp. nov. and Mycoplasma todarodis sp. nov

Author

Ramírez, Ana S., primary, Vega-Orellana, Orestes M., additional, Viver, Tomeu, additional, Poveda, José B., additional, Rosales, Rubén S., additional, Poveda, Carlos G., additional, Spergser, Joachim, additional, Szostak, Michael P., additional, Caballero, Mª José, additional, Ressel, Lorenzo, additional, Bradbury, Janet M., additional, Mar Tavío, Mª, additional, Karthikeyan, Smruthi, additional, Amann, Rudolf, additional, Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T., additional, and Rossello-Mora, Ramon, additional

Published
2019
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97. Characterization of mecC gene-carrying coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. isolated from various animals

Author

Loncaric, Igor, primary, Kübber-Heiss, Anna, additional, Posautz, Annika, additional, Ruppitsch, Werner, additional, Lepuschitz, Sarah, additional, Schauer, Bernhard, additional, Feßler, Andrea T., additional, Krametter-Frötscher, Reinhild, additional, Harrison, Ewan M., additional, Holmes, Mark A., additional, Künzel, Frank, additional, Szostak, Michael P., additional, Hauschild, Tomasz, additional, Desvars-Larrive, Amélie, additional, Misic, Dusan, additional, Rosengarten, Renate, additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, Slickers, Peter, additional, Monecke, Stefan, additional, Ehricht, Ralf, additional, Schwarz, Stefan, additional, and Spergser, Joachim, additional

Published
2019
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100. Vaccination and Infection of Swine With Salmonella Typhimurium Induces a Systemic and Local Multifunctional CD4+ T-Cell Response.

Author

Schmidt, Selma, Sassu, Elena L., Vatzia, Eleni, Pierron, Alix, Lagler, Julia, Mair, Kerstin H., Stadler, Maria, Knecht, Christian, Spergser, Joachim, Dolezal, Marlies, Springer, Sven, Theuß, Tobias, Fachinger, Vicky, Ladinig, Andrea, Saalmüller, Armin, and Gerner, Wilhelm

Subjects
SALMONELLA typhimurium, SALMONELLA diseases, T cells, VACCINATION, LYMPH nodes
Abstract

The gram-negative facultative intracellular bacteria Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) often leads to subclinical infections in pigs, but can also cause severe enterocolitis in this species. Due to its high zoonotic potential, the pathogen is likewise dangerous for humans. Vaccination with a live attenuated STM strain (Salmoporc) is regarded as an effective method to control STM infections in affected pig herds. However, information on the cellular immune response of swine against STM is still scarce. In this study, we investigated the T-cell immune response in pigs that were vaccinated twice with Salmoporc followed by a challenge infection with a virulent STM strain. Blood- and organ-derived lymphocytes (spleen, tonsils, jejunal and ileocolic lymph nodes, jejunum, ileum) were stimulated in vitro with heat-inactivated STM. Subsequently, CD4+ T cells present in these cell preparations were analyzed for the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A by flow cytometry and Boolean gating. Highest frequencies of STM-specific cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells were found in lamina propria lymphocytes of jejunum and ileum. Significant differences of the relative abundance of cytokine-producing phenotypes between control group and vaccinated + infected animals were detected in most organs, but dominated in gut and lymph node-residing CD4+ T cells. IL-17A producing CD4+ T cells dominated in gut and gut-draining lymph nodes, whereas IFN-γ/TNF-α co-producing CD4+ T cells were present in all locations. Additionally, the majority of cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells had a CD8α+CD27- phenotype, indicative of a late effector or effector memory stage of differentiation. In summary, we show that Salmonella -specific multifunctional CD4+ T cells exist in vaccinated and infected pigs, dominate in the gut and most likely contribute to protective immunity against STM in the pig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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