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A cidade inteligente possui capacidades da cidade digital para implementar sistemas de informações que melhorem a disponibilidade e a qualidade das infraestruturas e serviços públicos, incrementando sua capacidade de crescimento e estimulando a inovação e o desenvolvimento sustentável. Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar os resultados de uma solução tecnológica inteligente aplicada na área da saúde pública para a prevenção e combate ao Aedes aegypti. A ideia concebida no âmbito do município de Itajaí se revela original devido a construção estratégica de suas instituições para o desenvolvimento de uma solução, de um produto, estabelecendo uma rede de conexões que alimentarão o sistema com informações e ações conjuntas com foco no bem-estar, utilizando geoprocessamento para espacializar dados, auxiliando os gestores na tomada de decisões. O estudo trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa por meio de um estudo de caso múltiplo. A aplicabilidade do projeto se deu por meio do desenvolvimento da solução tecnológica desenvolvida pela Secretaria de Tecnologia - SETEC e dos dados da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde da Prefeitura Municipal de Itajaí (Santa Catarina, Brasil). A solução desenvolvida pelo município de Itajaí tem se mostrado uma ferramenta eficaz no combate à Dengue, permitindo aprimorar a fiscalização e controle da doença, auxiliando as equipes da Vigilância Epidemiológica do município na coleta e tratamento de dados, de modo a aprimorar a estratégia de aplicação de políticas públicas.

An important urban-regional arrangement was formed having as components the Brazilian Central Plateau, whose nuclei are constituted by the federal capital, Brasília, and the two main cities of the State of Goiás: Goiânia and Anápolis. At the extremes of this arrangement, the two most relevant cities in the Midwest. This region came to be known as the Brasília-Anápolis-Goiânia Urban-Regional Arrangement, or even the Goiânia-Anápolis-Brasília Axis, among other designations, which changed the positions of the cities. Faced with this diversity of terminology, sometimes adopted by the same author to designate this region, this work aims to propose a name. The linguistic reference lies in the acronym, used to designate the regions comprised by the US megacities: BosWash, ChiPitts and San-San. It was previously applied to the Cariri region of Ceará, when it was known as Crajubar, a designation consisting of the initials of the names of the cities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha. Thus, the term GoiABra is suggested to designate this urban arrangement nucleated by Goiânia, Anápolis and Brasília, which uses the initials of the names of the three cities. In addition, the term GoiABra refers to the natural and cultural dimensions of the Cerrado, the morphoclimatic domain where the aforementioned urban-regional arrangement is located, where the guava tree is typical and the fruit is widely consumed by its inhabitants., Se formó un importante arreglo urbano-regional teniendo como componentes la Meseta Central Brasileña, cuyos núcleos están constituidos por la capital federal, Brasilia, y las dos principales ciudades del Estado de Goiás: Goiânia y Anápolis. En los extremos de este arreglo, las dos ciudades más relevantes del Medio Oeste. Esta región pasó a ser conocida como el Arreglo Urbano-Regional Brasilia-Anápolis-Goiânia, o incluso el Eje Goiânia-Anápolis-Brasília, entre otras designaciones, que cambiaron las posiciones de las ciudades. Ante esta diversidad de terminología, a veces adoptada por el mismo autor para designar esta región, este trabajo pretende proponer un nombre. La referencia lingüística se encuentra en las siglas, utilizadas para designar las regiones que componen las megaciudades estadounidenses: BosWash, ChiPitts y San-San. Anteriormente se aplicaba a la región de Cariri de Ceará, cuando era conocida como Crajubar, designación formada por las iniciales de los nombres de las ciudades de Crato, Juazeiro do Norte y Barbalha. Así, se sugiere el término GoiAbra para designar este arreglo urbano nucleado por Goiânia, Anápolis y Brasilia, que utiliza las iniciales de los nombres de las tres ciudades. Además, el término GoiAbra se refiere a las dimensiones naturales y culturales del Cerrado, el dominio morfoclimático donde se ubica el mencionado arreglo urbano-regional, donde el guayabo es típico y el fruto es ampliamente consumido por sus habitantes., Um importante arranjo urbano-regional foi formado tendo como componentes o Planalto Central brasileiro, cujos núcleos se constituem da capital federal, Brasília, e das duas principais cidades do Estado de Goiás: Goiânia e Anápolis. Nos extremos desse arranjo, as duas cidades de maior relevância do Centro-Oeste. Essa região passou a ser conhecida como Arranjo Urbano-Regional Brasília-Anápolis-Goiânia, ou ainda, Eixo Goiânia-Anápolis-Brasília, entre outras designações, que alteram as posições das cidades. Diante dessa diversidade de terminologia, às vezes, adotada por um mesmo autor para designar essa região, este trabalho objetiva, assim, propor um nome. A referência linguística recai no acrônimo, empregado para designar as regiões compreendidas pelas megalópoles estadunidenses: BosWash, ChiPitts e San-San. E aplicado anteriormente à região do Cariri cearense, quando esta era conhecida por Crajubar, designação constituída pelas iniciais dos nomes das cidade de Crato, Juazeiro do Norte e Barbalha. Assim, sugere-se o termo GoiABra para designar esse arranjo urbano nucleado por Goiânia, Anápolis e Brasília, que utiliza as iniciais dos nomes das três cidades. Além disso, o termo GoiABra remete às dimensões naturais e culturais do Cerrado, domínio morfoclimático onde está situado o referido arranjo urbano-regional, donde a goiabeira é típica e o fruto bastante consumido por seus habitantes.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are air pollutants emitted from different sources, mainly by industries and motor vehicles. The evaluation of the emission of these compounds into the atmosphere should be done systematically and with a varied class of compounds. The large number of data generated during the monitoring of these VOCs requires the use of multivariate data tools to interpret the results. In this sense, this work aimed to monitor 10 aromatic VOCs present in the atmosphere of the largest cities in the Norte Fluminense (Campos dos Goytacazes) and Noroeste Fluminense (Itaperuna) regions. The VOCs were actively sampled and analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection after thermal desorption. After treatment of analytical results, it was observed that in both cities there is influence of vehicular emissions. In the city of Itaperuna, due to the relief and lower dispersion of contaminants, there is a higher occurrence of photochemical reactions. The exploratory analysis of the data allowed identifying the variables that were more significant and correlating these variables with the main sources of emission of the compounds. This is the first study of VOCs evaluation in Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaperuna, demonstrating the relevance of this research for understanding the behavior of VOCs in these cities, which have different reliefs and high traffic of cars and trucks in the studied sites.

Chemometrics is a subfield of chemistry that emerged from advances in analytical instrumentation and computing. When seeking to solve chemical problems that depend on many concomitants experimental variables, chemometrics can be employed in order to extract as much information as possible in the least possible number of experiments. In addition, it is possible to evaluate the important effects and interactions among the variables to understand the processes being monitored in each system. In this sense, this article aimed to develop a didactic experiment of caffeine extraction using an espresso machine, applying the 25-1 fractional factorial design. The variables studied were temperature (75 and 78 °C), pressure (2 and 15 bar), granulation (bean and ground), type of coffee (special and traditional) and period of the day (morning and afternoon) to obtain maximum extraction of caffeine. The coffee extracts obtained were analyzed using UV-Vis molecular absorption spectrophotometry. The developed experiment showed the potential to spread the application of chemometrics in the academic environment and to facilitate the teaching of fractional factorial design.

Chusquea calderoniae K.V.A.Vidal & L.G.Clark sp. nov. TYPE:— BRAZIL. Bahia, Mun. Rio de Contas, fragmento de Mata Atlântica próximo à base do Pico das Almas, regi ã o de córrego do rio, nascente do Rio Brumado, ca. 3.5 km de distância da estrada principal (text in Portuguese), 13°31’29’’S, 41°57’24’’W, 1489 m, 13 June 2016 (fl.), Vidal & Clark 241 (holotype HUEFS!, isotypes CEPEC!, ISC!, SP!, SPF!, US!). Figs. 1, 2. Diagnosis:— Chusquea calderoniae differs from C. attenuata mainly by the presence of a white waxy infranodal band (vs. absent), culm leaves with blades triangular to narrow-triangular (vs. triangular to deltate), central bud triangular in outline (vs. circular), longer subsidiary branches [(20.5‒) 31‒45 (‒68.5) cm long vs. (9.1‒) 24‒33.5 cm], as well as foliage leaf sheaths with a longer inner ligule on the underlapping margin [2.5‒9 mm long vs. (0.4‒) 0.5‒1.7 mm]. Reproductively, the new species bears shorter spikelets [5‒6 mm long vs. (5.1‒) 7.1‒8.5 mm] and shorter glumes III [2.7‒3.2 mm long vs. (3.5‒) 5‒6 mm] and IV [3.1‒4 mm long vs. (3.7‒) 4.8‒7 mm], as well as shorter lemmas [4‒5.1 mm long vs. (5.2‒) 6.1‒7.8 mm] and paleas (4.4‒5.2 mm long vs. 5‒6.6 mm). Description: —Rhizomes unknown. Culms 4‒5 m tall, (0.65‒) 0.9‒1.2 cm in diameter, erect at the base then arching or scandent towards the apex; internodes 21.5‒25 cm long, terete, solid, green to vinaceous, glabrous except scabrous with a white waxy band (2‒3 cm long) just below the node. Culm leaves (7.2‒) 8.4‒12.4 cm long, erect, not reaching the next node, the juncture of the sheath and blade abaxially a faint line or obscure; sheaths (6‒) 6.5‒9.8 cm long, (0.8‒) 1.4‒1.8 cm wide, 2.3‒6 (‒12) times as long as the blade, persistent, linear-triangular, margins glabrous, the overlapping one fused to the sheath at the base for (0.2‒) 0.5‒1 cm, abaxially scabrous to slightly scabrous towards the apex, adaxially glabrous and shiny, tessellate; summit extensions absent; girdles (2.8‒) 7‒9 mm long, stramineous to brown, pilose, no prominent skirt but with a slight corky ridge at the juncture with the sheath; outer ligule absent; inner ligule 0.2‒0.5 (‒1) mm long, erect, rigid or sometimes slightly membranous, stramineous to brown, glabrous or less frequently pubescent, apex truncate and long ciliate; blades (0.6‒) 1.2‒2.8 (‒3.5) cm long, 0.3‒0.5 cm wide, triangular to narrow-triangular, non-pseudopetiolate, erect, persistent, abaxially scabrous, adaxially long-pilose to scabrous, slightly tessellate, the midrib evident only at the tip, margins glabrous, apex long setose, 0.3‒0.7 mm long. Nodes at mid-culm with a triangular central bud subtended by 18‒36 smaller, subequal subsidiary buds in 2‒3 rows, in a constellate arrangement; central bud prophyll glabrous with margins long ciliate; nodal line dipping slightly below the bud/branch complement; nodal region 0.5‒0.7 mm long; supranodal ridge visible, slightly raised and prominent; nodal line raised and prominent. Branching infra-extravaginal, being initially infravaginal, often becoming also extravaginal as branches develop, leafy subsidiary branches 18‒36 per node, (20.5‒) 31‒45 (‒68.5) cm long, subequal, non-rebranching, non-geniculate, arching and ascending. Foliage leaves 6‒11 per complement; sheaths 2.9‒4.5 cm long, glabrous to scabrous or hispid at the apex, stramineous, keeled on the upper half, the margins long ciliate on only one side, summit extension on both sides, being fused to the inner ligule on underlapping one, 0.5‒1.2 mm long, subequal, scabrous to hispid; outer ligule asymmetrical and 2-lobed, scabrous (less frequently glabrous), erect and rigid, apically ciliolate, the smaller side 0.2‒0.4 mm long, the bigger one 0.35‒0.8 mm long; inner ligule asymmetrical, membranous, scabrous, glabrous at the apex, towards the overlapping margin, 0.2‒0.4 mm long, truncate and free from the summit extension, on the underlapping one 2.5‒9 mm long, attenuate and fused to the summit extension; pseudopetioles 1‒3 mm long, thick, distinct to somewhat distinct, abaxially glabrescent with widely spaced trichomes, adaxially pilose with deposition of wax, pulvinus brown when present; blades 4.1‒12 cm long, 0.3‒0.8 cm wide, L:W 13.5‒27.6, linear-lanceolate, non-tessellate, abaxially scabrous and rarely with a tuft of trichomes at the base, adaxially pilose, sometimes scabrous only at the base, base attenuate, midrib slightly excentric, abaxially prominent throughout the blade except at the apex, adaxially prominent only on the lower half of the blade, both margins scabrous, apex long setose. Synflorescences (4.5‒) 5‒9.4 cm long, (3‒) 3.6‒8 cm in diameter, paniculate, open, pyramidal, with the lower branches slightly reflexed to reflexed, subtended by 1‒2 spatheate bracts, these slightly scabrous at the base becoming scabrous-pilose towards the apex, the first (lower) one less differentiated, its sheath (2.6‒) 3.8‒7.1 cm long, papyraceous, stramineous to greenish, a band of trichomes around the node, its blade 1.6‒2.1 cm long, green, linearlanceolate, apex long setose, the second (upper) one differentiated, its sheath (3.7‒) 7.4‒9.9 cm long, papyraceous, its blade 0.4‒1.1 cm long, green to stramineous, linear-lanceolate with apex long setose; rachis (3.9‒) 7.5‒10.5 mm long, triquetrous, densely pilose; branches and pedicels angular, densely pilose to hispid, all subtended by a scar or rim or occasionally a scale-like subtending bract, the 1‒3 lowermost branches erect when young and divergent (horizontal) to reflexed at maturity, the lowermost one 1‒4.5 cm long, the second 1.2‒4.3 cm long, and the third 1.2‒4.3 cm long, the next higher 1‒3 branches (fourth through sixth) ascending when young and slightly reflexed at maturity, the fourth (1‒) 2‒2.8 cm long, the fifth (1‒) 1.5‒2.2 cm long, and the sixth 1‒2 cm long, the next higher 1‒3 middleupper branches (seventh through ninth) erect when young and reflexed to strongly reflexed at maturity, the seventh 0.8‒1.5 cm long, the eighth 0.7‒1 cm long, and ninth ca. 1 cm long, the tenth and higher branches and pedicels erect to appressed to the primary branches; pedicels 0.5‒1.3 (‒2.8) mm long. Spikelets 5‒6 mm long, 0.9‒1.2 mm wide, dorsally compressed; glumes I and II scale-like, obtuse, non-nerved; glume I 0.2‒0.35 mm long, Etymology: —The specific epithet honors the Argentinian bamboo researcher Cleofé E. Calderón (1929‒2007), who first collected this species, and who made great contributions to research in bamboos and other grasses worldwide (Clark et al. 2008). Taxonomic notes: —According to the current classification (Clark 2004, Fisher et al. 2014, Andrade et al. 2019, Vidal et al. 2021, Clark et al. 2022), eight species are recognized in the C. meyeriana informal group: C. anelythra, C. anelytroides Ruprecht ex D̂ll (1880: 206), C. attenuata, C. clemirae Mota, Oliveira & Clark in Mota et al. (2013: 95), C. cordata, C. longispiculata Clark (2004: 34), C. meyeriana, and C. parviligulata Andrade, Pianissola & Clark in Andrade et al. (2019: 29), all of them endemic to Brazil, occurring in the Atlantic rainforest from the state of Rio Grande do Sul to Bahia (Clark et al. 2020, Vidal et al. 2021, Clark et al. 2022). This group is recognized by several morphological similarities, such as the presence of a white waxy infranodal band, culm leaves with at least a slight corky ridge at the juncture of the girdle and sheath, at least initially infravaginal branching, synflorescence branches subtended by 1‒4 spatheate bracts, at least the lower two primary synflorescence branches strongly reflexed, and spikelets with very reduced glumes I and II (Clark 2004, Andrade et al. 2019, Vidal et al. 2021, Clark et al. 2022). Chusquea calderoniae is herein included in the C. meyeriana informal group, due to its clear morphological similarities to C. attenuata, considering that samples were previously misidentified as “ C. attenuata ” or annotated as “ C. aff. attenuata ” in herbarium collections. In fact, these two taxa share several vegetative characters (Table 1), such as culm leaves not reaching the next node, with blades of similar length and not very well-differentiated from the sheaths, in addition to subsidiary buds arranged in 1‒3 rows, foliage leaves with similar-sized outer ligules, inner ligules asymmetrical (but these can also be attenuate in C. attenuata), and blades linear-lanceolate. Reproductively, these species can be recognized by the presence of up to 1‒2 spatheate bracts subtending the synflorescences, and spikelets bearing glumes III and IV not reaching the full spikelet length, even though they differ in lengths (Table 1, Fig. 1). ......continued on the next page However, despite these similarities, Chusquea calderoniae exhibits several morphological differences from C. attenuata (Table 1). Vegetatively, it can be recognized by the presence of a white waxy infranodal band 2‒3 cm long (vs. absent); shorter culm leaves [(7.2‒) 8.4‒12.4 cm long vs. 12.4‒16.5 cm], with blades triangular to narrowtriangular (vs. triangular to deltate), in addition to the sheaths shorter [(6‒) 6.5‒9.8 cm long vs. 11‒14.7 cm]; subsidiary branches arching and ascending (vs. straight, geniculate to slightly geniculate at the basal nodes) and longer [(20.5‒) 31‒45 (‒68.5) cm long vs. (9.1‒) 24‒33.5 cm]; foliage leaves with the outer ligule asymmetrical and 2-lobed [vs. U-shaped, less usually asymmetrical, one side truncate (smaller) and other 1-lobed (bigger)], and longer inner ligule on the underlapping margin [2.5‒9 mm long vs. (0.4‒) 0.5‒1.7 mm]; and blades abaxially scabrous and rarely with a tuft of trichomes at the base (vs. pilose, with a tuft of trichomes at the base) and adaxially pilose, sometimes scabrous only at the base (vs. scabrous to hispid-scabrous, sometimes slightly scabrous on the upper half). Reproductively, C. calderoniae presents smaller spikelets [5‒6 mm long vs. (5.1‒) 7.1‒8.5 mm], as well as shorter spikelet bracts: glume III [2.7‒3.2 mm long, ca. 1/2 the length of the spikelet vs. (3.5‒) 5‒6 mm, 3/4 to 4/5 of it], glume IV [3.1‒4 mm long, 3/5 to 2/3 the length of the spikelet vs. (3.7‒) 4.8‒7 mm, 4/5 to 5/6 of it], lemma [4‒5.1 mm long vs. (5.2‒) 6.1‒7.8 mm], and palea (4.4‒5.2 mm long vs. 5‒6.6 mm). Additionally, the new species can also be differentiated by having glume III mucronate to apiculate (vs. awned), glume IV aristulate (vs. awned), and the palea 2-apiculate (vs. 2-awned, less usually 2-apiculate). Characteristics of the culm leaves and the central and subsidiary buds are important features in the taxonomy of Chusquea (Clark 1989, 1992, 1993, 1997, Vidal et al. 2018, 2021, Andrade et al. 2019, Ruiz-Sanchez et al. 2021 b, 2022, Clark et al. 2022, McMurchie et al. 2022). We observed two main morphological groups within the C. meyeriana group based on the shape of the central bud: circular and triangular.Although C. calderoniae shares a triangular central bud with C. clemirae, C. cordata, C. longispiculata, and parviligulata, the new species differs from those four by having culm leaves not reaching the next node (vs. reaching or surpassing the next node), and with the blade nondifferentiated (vs. blades easily differentiated). On the other hand, these characters bring C. calderoniae closer to C. anelythra, C. anelytroides, C. attenuata, and C. meyeriana, which all have circular central buds. Distribution and habitat: — Chusquea calderoniae is currently known from only three populations distributed throughout the Espinhaço Range, one from Pico das Almas, which is part of the Chapada Diamantina province, in the state of Bahia, and the other two from the Diamantina Plateau district, located in the Southern Espinhaço province, in the state of Minas Gerais (Colli-Silva et al. 2019) (Fig. 3). These specimens were collected in forest fragments, at 1100–1500 m.a.s.l, and always around rivers. The flora where this species occurs is usually rich in trees, with a partially closed canopy and herbaceous substrate, occurring together with representatives of Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, and ferns. Analysis of the herbarium samples of Chusquea attenuata indicates the occurrence of this species in Atlantic rainforest fragments of eastern Brazil, mostly in Meridional Espinhaço Range towards campos de altitude, from the eastern portion of Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro states (Campos et al. 2017, Vidal et al. unpubl. data). Although both C. calderoniae and C. attenuata occur towards the southern limit of the Espinhaço Range (municipalities of Ouro Branco and Ouro Preto in Minas Gerais state), they occupy different bioregions and phytophysiognomies in this region (Colli-Silva et al. 2019). The new species is restricted to the Espinhaço Range, mainly in forest fragments associated with campo rupestre vegetation, whereas C. attenuata occurs in the Atlantic rainforest domain, being restricted to southeastern Brazil, and generally associated with forests or campos de altitude from Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais) to the state of Rio de Janeiro (Clark et al. 2020). Conservation status: —The estimated area of occupancy (AOO) of Chusquea calderoniae is 12 km ², whereas the extent of occurrence (EOO) is 1,183 km ². Following the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022), this new species should be considered Endangered (EN) [B1, B2ab(iii)] since it has a reduced number of documented populations (only three) and an AOO less than 500 km ² and an EOO less than 5,000 km ², in addition to being restricted to forest fragments associated with campo rupestre vegetation, whose areas are under intensely anthropic actions, even in environmental protection areas (Mota et al. 2013, Clark et al. 2022). According to CNCFlora (2022), C. attenuata is also considered Endangered (EN) [A2c] (Clark et al. 2020); however, the circumscription of this species is under study to provide accurate information about its conservation status (Vidal et al. unpubl. data). Phenology: —Two flowering collections of Chusquea calderoniae from the state of Bahia were found, collected in June 2016 (Vidal & Clark 241) and April 2017 (Pianissola & Clark 174). The collections from the state of Minas Gerais were in the vegetative stage: one in February 1990 (Clark & Morel 711) and another in April 2016 (Vidal et al. 210, 211, 212), the latter in the same year as the flowering one from Bahia state (Vidal & Clark 241). Even in the vegetative stage, the characters were enough to confirm their identification. These data make it difficult to accurately infer anything about the flowering cycle of this new species. Thus, we cannot discard the possibility of an asynchronous or sporadic flowering event in this species. In any case, a flowering event extending for up to two years may be inferred. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Bahia: municipality of Rio de Contas, Pico das Almas, “Campo do Queiros” 19 km by car of Rio de Contas and 4 km walking, 1400 m, 11 April 1977 (veg.), Calderón 2458 (SP, US); idem, 10 August 2000 (veg.), Oliveira 606 (HUEFS); idem, 22 January 2017 (veg.), Mascarenhas 315 (HUEFS); idem, 13°31’29’’S, 41°57’24’’W, 1489 m, 19 April 2017 (fl.), Pianissola & Clark 174 (HUEFS). Minas Gerais: municipality of Diamantina, road west from Diamantina to Biribiri, on the other side of Riber ã o das Pedras about 0.5 km from Biribiri, 18°10’S 43°38’W, 1100 m, 27 February 1990 (veg.), Clark & Morel 711 (BHCB, ISC, RB, SJR, SP, US); same municipality, estrada Diamantina/Datas, caminho a esquerda antes da placa de limite de município Diamantina-Datas, cerca de 1 km dentro da trilha, córrego debaixo de ponte em uma bifurcaç ã o, pegando o caminho a esquerda, 19 April 2016 (veg.), Vidal et al. 210, 211, 212 (HUEFS).

Resenha de: FRIGHETTO, R. Exílio e exclusão política no Mundo Antigo: de Roma ao Reino Godo de Tolosa (séc. II a. C. – VI d. C.). Jundiaí: Paco, 2019. 152 p. Book review of: FRIGHETTO, R. Exílio e exclusão política no Mundo Antigo: de Roma ao Reino Godo de Tolosa (séc. II a. C. – VI d. C.). Jundiaí: Paco, 2019. 152 p.

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo geral compreender o processo de ocupação produtiva nas áreas de Cerrado a partir de 1960, considerando a sua biodiversidade e os impactos socioambientais do modelo produtivo consolidado com a Revolução Verde, com destaque para o Estado de Goiás. Para isto, fazemos inicialmente uma caracterização geral do Bioma Cerrado, considerando sua diversidade biológica e sociocultural, assim como o histórico processo de degradação ambiental. Em seguida analisamos o processo de modernização da agricultura e sua relação com o processo de degradação social e ambiental do Cerrado, com destaque para o Cerrado goiano. Por fim, buscamos compreender as características do movimento recente de fortalecimento do agronegócio nas áreas de Cerrado, destacando o crescimento no uso de agrotóxicos, uma das bases deste processo. Metodologicamente, a construção do texto tem como base um levantamento referencial detalhado, a partir do qual, selecionamos alguns autores que entendemos essenciais para apoiar a compreensão e análise da ocupação histórica do Bioma Cerrado pela agricultura moderna. Os resultados demonstram, de forma geral, a nocividade do modelo baseado nos parâmetros do agronegócio ao meio ambiente e à sociedade de forma geral. O aumento no uso de agrotóxicos, especificamente, tem ocasionado impactos socioambientais irreversíveis ao Cerrado e à sua população. ABSTRACT This article has as main objective to understand the production process of occupation in the areas of Cerrado in the post-1960 and printed social and environmental impacts from this development model, the state of Goias. For this, first make a general characterization of the Cerrado, considering their biological diversity and the degradation process suffered historically. Then we analyze the agricultural modernization process and its relationship to the process of social and environmental degradation of Goias Cerrado and finally, to understand the recent motion characteristics Agribusiness strengthening in the areas of Cerrado, highlighting the growth in use of pesticides, one of the bases of this process. Methodologically, text the construction is based on a detailed benchmark survey, from which we selected some authors who believe it is essential to support the understanding and analysis of the historical occupation of the Cerrado by modern agriculture. The results show, generally, the harmfulness of the model based on the parameters in agribusiness to the environment and to society in general. The increased use of pesticides, specifically, has caused irreversible environmental impacts to the Cerrado and its people.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Renan Frighetto Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História. Defesa : Curitiba, 22/02/2022 Inclui referências Resumo: No esteio dos debates sobre as disputas discursivas entre autores cristãos na Antiguidade Tardia, essa dissertação teve como objetivo averiguar na biografia de Melânia, a Jovem, a existência de uma identidade monástica na produção hagiográfica do autor Gerôncio, biógrafo, discípulo e capelão de Melânia, buscou demonstrar na obra como a atuação de Melânia pode servir de exemplo de asceta e defensora da fé ortodoxa para se público leitor. A obra foi concebida em meados da década de 450, anos depois da morte da protagonista em um momento de profundas transformações políticas, sociais e religiosas na comunidade cristã mediterrânica. Dessa forma, buscou-se compreender e contextualizar o surgimento do movimento monástico, a instituição eclesiástica e as transformações estruturais do Império Romano Tardio. A partir dessas considerações e auxiliados com os conceitos de identidade, holy man e discurso hagiográfico, ficou perceptível a construção discursiva do autor fazendo de Melânia a sua heroína. Por outro lado, a comparação das informações dadas por Gerôncio com outras encontradas em diferentes fontes evidenciou ainda mais o aparato ideológico do autor. Assim, a obra, mais do que recital de informações acerca dessa intrigante mulher, é também portadora de uma identidade religiosa e d’um modelo monástico, conceitos que ultrapassavam nossas primeiras ideias acerca da narrativa. Abstract: In the mainstay of the debates about the discursive disputes between Christian authors in Late Antiquity, this dissertation aimed to investigate in the biography of Melania the Younger, the existence of a monastic identity in the hagiographic production of the author. Gerontius, Melania's biographer, disciple and chaplain, tried to demonstrate in his work how Melania's actions could serve as an example of an ascetic and defender of the orthodox faith for the reading public. The work was conceived in the mid 450's, years after the death of the protagonist in a moment of profound political, social and religious transformations in the Christian Mediterranean community. In this way, we sought to understand and contextualize the emergence of the monastic movement, the ecclesiastical institution, and the structural transformations of the Late Roman Empire. From these considerations and aided with the concepts of identity, holy man, and hagiographic discourse, the discursive construction of the author making Melania his heroine was perceptible. On the other hand, the comparison of the information given by Gerontius with others found in different sources further evidenced the ideological apparatus of the author. Thus, the work, more than a recital of information about this intriguing woman, is also the bearer of a religious identity and a monastic model, concepts that went beyond our first ideas about the narrative.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a more common disorder of the oral mucosa and is characterized by a well-defined, painful ulcerated lesion with a necrotic center, raised borders, and an erythematous halo. However, the characterization of a specific etiological agent for this condition has not yet occurred. RAS has three main forms, with the smallest RAS being the most common in the oral cavity, which are painful and well-defined ulcerations that heal within 10 to 14 days. Herpetiformis, which has several lesions and can coalesce between 7 and 10 days, finally we have the longest RAS, which can last for more than 6 weeks and can leave scars. Methodology: This study is a qualitative and descriptive case report, bringing relevant data from the literature. The ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki were respected and the patient signed the “Informed Consent Form” to participate in the research. The aim of this study was to report a case of RAS in a 41-year-old male patient with Sutton's disease, presenting multiple necrotizing ulcers within 9 years of recurrence. Conclusion: As the etiology of RAS is still unknown and a common and recurrent disorder in the oral cavity, current treatment is diversified and focuses on relieving the symptoms of the disease, ranging from the use of natural products, topical use, anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulators and low power laser application. La estomatitis aftosa recurrente (EAR) es un trastorno más común de la mucosa oral y se caracteriza por una lesión ulcerada dolorosa y bien definida con un centro necrótico, bordes elevados y un halo eritematoso. Sin embargo, aún no se ha realizado la caracterización de un agente etiológico específico para esta afección. El RAS tiene tres formas principales, siendo el RAS más pequeño el más común en la cavidad oral, que son ulceraciones dolorosas y bien definidas que cicatrizan en 10 a 14 días. Herpetiformis, que tiene varias lesiones y puede coalescer entre 7 y 10 días, finalmente tenemos el RAS más largo, que puede durar más de 6 semanas y puede dejar cicatrices. Metodología: Este estudio es un reporte de caso cualitativo y descriptivo, aportando datos relevantes de la literatura. Se respetaron los principios éticos de la Declaración de Helsinki y el paciente firmó el “Formulario de consentimiento informado” para participar en la investigación. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar un caso de EAR en un paciente masculino de 41 años con enfermedad de Sutton, que presenta múltiples úlceras necrotizantes dentro de los 9 años de recidiva. Conclusión: Como la etiología del EAR aún se desconoce y es un trastorno común y recurrente en la cavidad oral, el tratamiento actual está diversificado y se enfoca en aliviar los síntomas de la enfermedad, que van desde el uso de productos naturales, uso tópico, medicamentos antiinflamatorios, inmunomoduladores y aplicación de láser de baja potencia. A estomatite aftosa recorrente (EAR) é uma alteração mais comum da mucosa oral e se caracteriza por uma lesão ulcerada, bem definida, dolorosa, com centro necrótico, bordas elevadas e halo eritematoso, levando a um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Entretanto, ainda não ocorreu a caracterização de um agente etiológico específico para essa afecção. A EAR possui três formas principais, sendo a EAR menor a mais comum na cavidade bucal, as quais são ulcerações bem definidas, dolorosas e cicatrizam em torno de 10 a 14 dias. A herpetiforme, que possui várias lesões e podem coalescer entre 7 e 10 dias, por fim temos a EAR maior, a qual pode perdurar por mais de 6 semanas e podem deixar cicatrizes. O diagnóstico das lesões é feito após um exame clínico minucioso. Metodologia: Este estudo é um relato de caso de forma qualitativa e descritiva, trazendo dados relevantes da literatura. o ético os princípios da Declaração de Helsinque foram respeitados e o paciente assinou o “Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido” para participar da pesquisa. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de EAR em um paciente do gênero masculino de 41 anos de idade com doença de Sutton, apresentando múltiplas úlceras necrosantes dentro de 9 anos de recidivas. Conclusão: Por ser a etiologia da EAR ainda desconhecida e uma desordem comum e recorrente na cavidade bucal o tratamento atual é diversificado e atenta-se no alívio dos sintomas da doença, variando, desde o uso de produtos naturais, uso tópico, anti-inflamatórios, imunomoduladores e aplicação do laser de baixa potência.