Search

Your search keyword '"Somot, S."' showing total 211 results
Start Over Author "Somot, S."
211 results on '"Somot, S."'

51. Interaction of dense shelf water cascading and open-sea convection in the northwestern Mediterranean during winter 2012

Author

Durrieu de Madron, X., Houpert, L., Puig, P., Sanchez-Vidal, A., Testor, P., Bosse, A., Estournel, C., Somot, S., Bourrin, F., Bouin, M. N., Beauverger, M., Beguery, L., Calafat, A., Canals, M., Cassou, C., Coppola, L., Dausse, D., D'Ortenzio, F., Font, J., Heussner, S., Kunesch, S., Lefevre, D., Le Goff, H., Martín, J., Mortier, L., Palanques, A., Raimbault, P., Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France, Développement Instrumental et Techniques Marines (DITM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), CERFACS, Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 287600,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-OCEAN-2011,PERSEUS(2012), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est (DIRSE), Météo-France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Dense water formation, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Mediterranean Sea, Open-sea convection, Dense shelf water cascading
Abstract

International audience; The winter of 2012 experienced peculiar atmospheric conditions that triggered a massive formation of dense water on the continental shelf and in the deep basin of the Gulf of Lions. Multiplatforms observations enabled a synoptic view of dense water formation and spreading at basin scale. Five months after its formation, the dense water of coastal origin created a distinct bottom layer up to a few hundreds of meters thick over the central part of the NW Mediterranean basin, which was overlaid by a layer of newly formed deep water produced by open-sea convection. These new observations highlight the role of intense episodes of both dense shelf water cascading and open-sea convection to the progressive modification of the NW Mediterranean deep waters.

Published
2013

52. HyMeX, le cycle de l'eau méditerranéen à la loupe

Author

Drobinski, Philippe, Ducrocq, Vincent, Arbogast, P., Basdevant, C., Bastin, S., Beguery, L., Belamari, S., Béranger, K., Bock, O., Bouin, M.N., Boudevillain, B., Bousquet, O., Bouvier, C., Braud, Isabelle, Calvet, J.C., Champollion, C., Chanzy, Andre, Claude, Mathilde, Cocquerez, P., Coppola, L., Coquillat, S., Courault, Dominique, Defer, E., Delanoë, J., Delrieu, G., Doerenbecher, A., Dörfliger, Nathalie, Esteves, M., Estournel, C., Flamant, Cyril, Fourrié, N., Garrouste, O., Gaume, E., Giordani, H., Gomes, Luciana, Roberts, G., Jourde, H., Labatut, L., Lambert, D., Le Coz, Jérémy, Ludwig, Wolfgang, Lutoff, C., Mahfouf, J.F., Martin, E., Mastrorillo, Laurence, Mathys, N., Michel, Y., Nuret, M., Orain, F., Perez, Sarah, Prigent, Cybill, Radakovitch, O., Ramage, Karine, Richard, E., Roujeau, J.L., Roussot, Odile, Ruin, I., Saïd, F., Schwarzenböck, A., Sellegri, K., Somot, S., Taupier Letage, I., Testor, P., Van Baelen, J.S., Vandervaere, J.P., Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), LABORATOIRE DE RECHERCHE EN GEODESIE LAREG INSTITUT GEOGRAPHIQUE NATIONAL MARNE LA VALLEE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), OBSERVATOIRE OCEANOLOGIQUE DE VILLEFRANCHE SUR MER FRA, LABORATOIRE D'AEROLOGIE TOULOUSE FRA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), CENTRE DE FORMATION ET DE RECHERCHE SUR LES ENVIRONNEMENTS MEDITERRANEENS CEFREM PERPIGNAN FRA, PACTE GRENOBLE FRA, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Météo France, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), HYDROSCIENCES MONTPELLIER FRA, GEOSCIENCES MONTPELLIER FRA, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, HYMEX, BASSIN MEDITERRANEEN
Abstract

D’initiative française, le projet international HyMeX a pour objectif d’améliorer la compréhension du cycle de l’eau en Méditerranée, de sa variabilité, de l’échelle de l’événement météorologique aux échelles saisonnières et interannuelles, et de ses caractéristiques sur une décennie, dans un contexte de changement global. Le projet est motivé par le rôle déterminant des processus de mésoéchelle, couplés entre l’atmosphère, la mer et la terre, sur la variabilité du système climatique et sur le déclenchement d’événements hydrométéorologiques extrêmes (précipitations et inondations, vents forts et convection océanique, canicules et sécheresses). Le projet vise enfin à évaluer les conséquences de ces événements extrêmes sur la vulnérabilité sociale et économique de cette région et sa capacité d’adaptation.

Published
2013

53. Projected climate change and the changing biogeography of coastal Mediterranean fishes

Author

Albouy, C., Guilhaumon, François, Leprieur, F., Lasram, F. B., Somot, S., Aznar, R., Velez, Laure, Le Loc'h, François, and Mouillot, D.

Subjects
climate change, recreational fishing, commercial fishing, Body size, species distribution modelling, Mediterranean fish
Abstract

Aim To forecast the potential effects of climate change in the Mediterranean Sea on the species richness and mean body size of coastal fish assemblages. Location The Mediterranean Sea. Methods Using an ensemble forecasting approach, we used species distribution modelling to project the potential distribution of 288 coastal fish species by the middle and end of the 21st century based on the IPCC A2 scenario implemented with the Mediterranean climatic model NEMOMED8. Results A mean rise of 1.4 degrees C was projected for the Mediterranean Sea by the middle of the 21st century and 2.8 degrees C by the end of the 21st century. Projections for the end of the century suggest that: (1) 54 species are expected to lose their climatically suitable habitat, (2) species richness was predicted to decrease across 70.4% of the continental shelf area, especially in the western Mediterranean Sea and several parts of the Aegean Sea, and (3) mean fish body size would increase over 74.8% of the continental shelf area. Small-bodied species that are not targeted by either commercial or recreational fleets presented, on average, the highest predicted decrease in geographic range size. Main conclusions Projected climate change in the Mediterranean Sea may have deleterious effects on coastal fish diversity, including a significant loss of climatically suitable habitat for endemic fish species. In addition, climate change may contribute to the loss of small and low trophic-level fishes, which may have ecosystem-wide impacts by reducing food supply to larger and higher trophic-level species. Fishing pressure is already selectively removing large-bodied species from marine ecosystems, and so fishing and climatic change might act in tandem to drive both direct and secondary extinctions.

Published
2013

54. A 4-D climatology (1979-2009) of the monthly aerosol optical depth distribution over the Mediterranean region from a comparative evaluation and blending of remote sensing and model products

Author

Nabat, P., Somot, S., Mallet, M., Chiappello, A., Morcrette, J. J., Solmon, F., Szopa, Sophie, Dulac, F., Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

Since the 1980s several spaceborne sensors have been used to retrieve the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Mediterranean region. In parallel, AOD climatologies coming from different numerical model simulations are now also available, permitting to distinguish the contribution of several aerosol types to the total AOD. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of this unique multi-year database in terms of total AOD and of its apportionment by the five main aerosol types (soil dust, sea-salt, sulfate, black and organic carbon). We use 8 different satellite-derived monthly AOD products: NOAA/AVHRR, SeaWiFS, TERRA/MISR, TERRA/MODIS, AQUA/MODIS, ENVISAT/MERIS, PARASOL/POLDER and MSG/SEVIRI, as well as 3 more historical data sets: NIMBUS7/CZCS, NIMBUS7/TOMS and METEOSAT/MVIRI. Monthly model datasets include the aerosol climatology from Tegen et al. (1997), the climate-chemistry models LMDz-OR-INCA and RegCM-4, and the reanalyses GEMS and MACC. Ground-based Level-2 AERONET AOD observations from 47 stations around the basin are used here to evaluate the model and satellite data. The sensor MODIS (on AQUA and TERRA) has the best average AOD scores over this region, showing a relevant spatio-temporal variability and highlighting high dust loads over Northern Africa and the sea (spring and summer), and sulfate aerosols over continental Europe (summer). The comparison also shows limitations of certain data sets (especially MERIS and SeaWiFS standard products). Models reproduce the main patterns of the AOD variability over the basin. The MACC reanalysis is the closest to AERONET data but appears to underestimate dust over Northern Africa, where RegCM-4 is found closer to MODIS thanks to its interactive scheme for dust emissions. The vertical dimension is also investigated using the CALIOP instrument. This study confirms differences between dust aerosols which can be lifted up to 5000 m, and other continental and marine aerosols which are confined in the boundary layer. From this compilation, we propose a 4-D blended product from model and satellite data, consisting in monthly time series of 3-D aerosol distribution at a 50 km horizontal resolution over the Euro-Mediterranean marine and continental region for the 2003–2009 period. The product is based on the total AOD from AQUA/MODIS, apportioned into sulfates, black and organic carbon from the MACC reanalysis, and into dust and sea-salt aerosols from RegCM-4 simulations, which are distributed vertically based on CALIOP climatology. We extend the 2003–2009 reconstruction to the past up to 1979 using the 2003–2009 average and applying the decreasing trend in sulfate aerosols from the LMDz-OR-INCA model, based on the recent emission reconstruction proposed by Lamarque et al. (2010). Finally optical properties of the different aerosol types in this region are proposed from the literature so that this reconstruction can be included in regional climate models for aerosol radiative forcing and aerosol-climate studies.

Published
2012

55. Precipitation in the Mediterranean basin as seen from the 2000-2010 TRMM-3B42-v6 database

Author

Sarrand B., Dulac F., Baldi M., Bargaoui Z., Cindrić, Ksenija, Ducrocq V., Schiavone M. J., de Silvestri L., Somot S., Tovar-Sánchez A., and European Geophysical Union

Subjects
TRMM, precipitatiion, Mediterrenean
Abstract

This work presents a detailed analysis of 11 yrs of the version 6 of the TRMM-3B42 multi-sensor precipitation product (3-h and 0.25° resolution) from March 2000 to February 2011 over the whole Mediterranean basin and surrounding areas including the Black Sea (25°N-50°N, 10°W-43°E). We first discuss some issues in the data set regarding spatial and temporal discontinuities in coastal areas, and further illustrate a critical underestimation of light rains at latitudes higher than 36-37° that somewhat improves from 2007 on and is associated to the absence of coverage by the Precipitation Radar. North of the radar field of view, it seems that the marine coastal band is subject to a significant under detection of precipitation, whereas, on the opposite, the terrestrial coastal band south of 35°N in North Africa and the Near East shows unrealistic over detection of precipitation. We then evaluate the product against rain gauges with a focus on the western Mediterranean basin and the Adriatic. Our reference rain gauge data set includes about 1 million daily rain reports from more than 260 Mediterranean surface stations from Croatia, France, Italy, Malta, Spain (including 2 stations on the northern coast of Africa) and Tunisia, and from 9 additional non-Mediterranean stations from a flat region in France. It includes stations from almost 20 small Mediterranean islands. The comparison shows a significant correlation between TRMM-3B42v6 and rain gauges but with an overall tendency to underestimation. The average ratio of daily rates between surface stations and TRMM product is ~0.63 with significant regional variations, Corsica showing the poorest results and Spain the best. Over the Mediterranean stations considered, the average rate of success on the occurrence of precipitation (~0.75) is enhanced by the high proportion of dry days in the Mediterranean climate (~4 over 5 on average in the rain gauge data set) and drops off when only days with precipitation recorded at surface stations are considered. Averaging fallout at monthly and annual time scales somewhat improves the comparison to rain gauges. We find that results are better in summer and likely more generally in unstable conditions, as illustrated by a subset of data composed of days with high African dust load over the basin. Using a few TRMM pixels that cover 3 or even 5 surface stations, we further illustrate how the small scale heterogeneity of precipitation is a limitation in the comparison between the integrated view of precipitation from space and the local surface measurements. Finally we integrate the variability of the rainfall geographical distribution at seasonal and annual scales over 5 sub-basins (western and eastern Mediterranean, Adriatic, Aegean, and Black Sea). An increasing trend in annual precipitation in the Mediterranean basin is observed over the decade that is also found at the global scale and appears related to the improving performance of the product with time regarding the detection of light rains, especially over Europe and the Mediterranean. Finally we compare the TRMM-3B42v6 precipitation budget over the basin with comparable budgets from ERA-Interim, HOAPS and CMAP data sets.

Published
2012

58. Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign

Author

Mallet, M., primary, Dulac, F., additional, Formenti, P., additional, Nabat, P., additional, Sciare, J., additional, Roberts, G., additional, Pelon, J., additional, Ancellet, G., additional, Tanré, D., additional, Parol, F., additional, di Sarra, A., additional, Alados, L., additional, Arndt, J., additional, Auriol, F., additional, Blarel, L., additional, Bourrianne, T., additional, Brogniez, G., additional, Chazette, P., additional, Chevaillier, S., additional, Claeys, M., additional, D'Anna, B., additional, Denjean, C., additional, Derimian, Y., additional, Desboeufs, K., additional, Di Iorio, T., additional, Doussin, J.-F., additional, Durand, P., additional, Féron, A., additional, Freney, E., additional, Gaimoz, C., additional, Goloub, P., additional, Gómez-Amo, J. L., additional, Granados-Muñoz, M. J., additional, Grand, N., additional, Hamonou, E., additional, Jankowiak, I., additional, Jeannot, M., additional, Léon, J.-F., additional, Maillé, M., additional, Mailler, S., additional, Meloni, D., additional, Menut, L., additional, Momboisse, G., additional, Nicolas, J., additional, Podvin, J., additional, Pont, V., additional, Rea, G., additional, Renard, J.-B., additional, Roblou, L., additional, Schepanski, K., additional, Schwarzenboeck, A., additional, Sellegri, K., additional, Sicard, M., additional, Solmon, F., additional, Somot, S., additional, Torres, B., additional, Totems, J., additional, Triquet, S., additional, Verdier, N., additional, Verwaerde, C., additional, Wenger, J., additional, and Zapf, P., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

59. Dust aerosol radiative effects during summer 2012 simulated with a coupled regional aerosol–atmosphere–ocean model over the Mediterranean

Author

Nabat, P., primary, Somot, S., additional, Mallet, M., additional, Michou, M., additional, Sevault, F., additional, Driouech, F., additional, Meloni, D., additional, di Sarra, A., additional, Di Biagio, C., additional, Formenti, P., additional, Sicard, M., additional, Léon, J.-F., additional, and Bouin, M.-N., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

63. HyMeX Science Plan, Version 2.3, May 2010

Author

Ducrocq, Vincent, Roussot, Odile, Béranger, K., Braud, Isabelle, Chanzy, Andre, Delrieu, G., Drobinski, Philippe, Estournel, C., Ivenna Picek, B., Josey, S., Lagouvardos, K., Lionello, P., Llasat, M.C., Ludwig, Wolfgang, Lutoff, Céline, Mariotti, André, Montanari, Andrea, Romero, R., Ruin, I., Somot, S., Météo France, École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, irstea, Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est (DIRSE), Météo-France, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, BASSIN MEDITERRANEEN
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]ARCEAU; The Mediterranean basin has quite a unique character that results both from physiographic conditions and historical and societal developments. The region features a nearly enclosed sea surrounded by very urbanized littorals and mountains from which numerous rivers originate. This results in many interactions and feedback between ocean-atmosphere-land processes that play a prominent role in climate and high-impact weather. The Mediterranean area actually concentrates the major natural risks related to the water cycle, including heavy precipitation and flash-flooding during the fall season, severe cyclogenesis associated with strong winds and large sea waves during winter, and heat waves and droughts accompanied by forest fires during summer. Such natural hazards highly impact the populations living in the area. The capability to predict such high-impact events remains weak because of the contribution of very fine-scale processes and their non-linear interactions with the larger scale processes. Water resource is a critical issue for a large part of the Mediterranean basin. Freshwater is rare and unevenly distributed in time and space with few short duration heavy precipitation and long drought periods. Such situation occurs against a background of increasing water demand and aggravates with climate change. The Mediterranean region has indeed been identified as one of the two main hot-spots of climate change, which means that its climate is especially responsive to global change. Large decrease in mean precipitation and increase in precipitation variability during dry (warm) season are expected, as well as large increase in temperature. Climate evolution in the Mediterranean is however still largely uncertain. This region is also characterized by a rapid increase of population and urbanization, putting higher pressure on water resources. Progress has to be made in the monitoring and modelling of the Mediterranean coupled climate system (atmosphere-land-ocean) in order to quantify the ongoing changes and to better predict their future evolution in order to provide guidelines for the development of adaptation measures. These societal and science issues motivate the HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment, http://www.hymex.org/) experimental programme. HyMeX aims at a better quantification and understanding of the water cycle in the Mediterranean with emphasis on intense events. HyMeX proposes to monitor and model the Mediterranean atmosphere-land-ocean coupled system, as well as the social vulnerability related to water resources and extreme event impacts. The variability of the system will be monitored from the event to the seasonal and interannual scales, and its characteristics over one decade (2010-2020) in the context of global change. HyMeX science is organized along five major topics.

Published
2010

64. Dust aerosol radiative effects during summer 2012 simulated with a coupled regional aerosol–atmosphere–ocean model over the Mediterranean

Author

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RSLAB - Grup de Recerca en Teledetecció, Nabat, Pierre, Somot, S, Mallet, Marc, Michou, M, Sevault, F, Driouech, F, Meloni, D, di Sarra, G, di Biagio, C, Formenti, P, Sicard, Michaël, Leon, JF, Bouin, MN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RSLAB - Grup de Recerca en Teledetecció, Nabat, Pierre, Somot, S, Mallet, Marc, Michou, M, Sevault, F, Driouech, F, Meloni, D, di Sarra, G, di Biagio, C, Formenti, P, Sicard, Michaël, Leon, JF, and Bouin, MN

Abstract

The present study investigates the effects of aerosols on the Mediterranean climate daily variability during summer 2012. Simulations have been carried out using the coupled regional climate system model CNRM-RCSM5 which includes prognostic aerosols, namely desert dust, sea salt, organic, black-carbon and sulfate particles, in addition to the atmosphere, land surface and ocean components. An evaluation of the dust aerosol scheme of CNRM-RCSM5 has been performed against in-situ and satellite measurements. This scheme shows its ability to reproduce the spatial and temporal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Mediterranean region in summer 2012. Observations from the TRAQA/ChArMEx campaign also show that the model correctly represents dust vertical and size distributions. Thus CNRM-RCSM5 can be used for aerosol–climate studies over the Mediterranean. Here we focus on the effects of dust particles on surface temperature and radiation daily variability. Surface shortwave aerosol radiative forcing variability is found to be more than twice higher over regions affected by dust aerosols, when using a prognostic aerosol scheme instead of a monthly climatology. In this case downward surface solar radiation is also found to be better reproduced according to a comparison with several stations across the Mediterranean. Moreover, the radiative forcing due to the dust outbreaks also causes an extra cooling in land and sea surface temperatures. A composite study has been carried out for 14 stations across the Mediterranean to identify more precisely the differences between dusty days and the set of all the days. Observations show that dusty days receive less radiation at the surface and are warmer than average because of southwesterly fluxes often generating dust outbreaks. Only the simulation using the prognostic aerosol scheme is found to reproduce the observed intensity of the dimming and warming on dusty days. Otherwise, the dimming is underestimated and the war, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Published
2014

65. Hydrological cycle in Mediterranean experiment (HyMeX) : Towards a major field experiment in 2010-2020 : white book, draft 1.3.2

Author

Drobinski, P. (coord.), Ducrocq, V. (coord.), Béranger, K., Braud, I., Carlotti, F., Chanzy, A., Claud, C., Delrieu, G., Doerenbecher, A., Despiau, S., Drobinski, P., Ducrocq, V., Dulac, F., Durrieu de Madron, X., Elbaz Poulichet, F., Escadafal, Richard, Estournel, C., Giordani, H., Guieu, C., Guiot, J., Hallegate, S., Kageyama, M., Jacob, Frédéric, Lachassagne, P., Lang, M., Li, L., Martin, E., Médail, F., Noilhan, J., Moussa, R., Perrin, J.L., Plu, M., Prieur, L., Ricard, D., Rinaudo, J.C., Radakovitch, O., Roux, F., Lutoff, C., Somot, S., and Taupier Letage I.

Subjects
CYCLE HYDROLOGIQUE, METEOROLOGIE, PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE, CIRCULATION THERMOHALINE, MODELISATION, PREVISION, CLIMAT, BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE, PRECIPITATION, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, CIRCULATION ATMOSPHERIQUE, CRUE, IMPACT SOCIOECONOMIQUE, INTERACTION OCEAN ATMOSPHERE, IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Published
2008

66. Dust aerosol radiative effects during summer 2012 simulated with a coupled regional aerosol–atmosphere–ocean model over the Mediterranean

Author

Nabat, P., primary, Somot, S., additional, Mallet, M., additional, Michou, M., additional, Sevault, F., additional, Driouech, F., additional, Meloni, D., additional, Di Sarra, A., additional, Di Biagio, C., additional, Formenti, P., additional, Sicard, M., additional, Léon, J.-F., additional, and Bouin, M.-N., additional

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

70. Escenarios climáticos marinos en el entorno de la Península Ibérica

Author

Gomis, D., Marcos, M., Jordà, G., Calafat, F.M., Martínez-Asensio, A., Llasses, J., Álvarez-Fanjul, E., Aznar, R., Sotillo, M.G., Gómez, M., Pérez, B., Padorno, E., Sánchez, J.C., Rodríguez-González, J.M., Ramos, D., Conde, J., Rodríguez-Camino, E., Somot, S., Tsimplis, M.N., Gomis, D., Marcos, M., Jordà, G., Calafat, F.M., Martínez-Asensio, A., Llasses, J., Álvarez-Fanjul, E., Aznar, R., Sotillo, M.G., Gómez, M., Pérez, B., Padorno, E., Sánchez, J.C., Rodríguez-González, J.M., Ramos, D., Conde, J., Rodríguez-Camino, E., Somot, S., and Tsimplis, M.N.

Published
2012

78. Future projections of the surface heat and water budgets of the Mediterranean Sea in an ensemble of coupled atmosphere–ocean regional climate models

Author

Dubois, C., primary, Somot, S., additional, Calmanti, S., additional, Carillo, A., additional, Déqué, M., additional, Dell’Aquilla, A., additional, Elizalde, A., additional, Gualdi, S., additional, Jacob, D., additional, L’Hévéder, B., additional, Li, L., additional, Oddo, P., additional, Sannino, G., additional, Scoccimarro, E., additional, and Sevault, F., additional

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

89. Speciation of Ra226, uranium and metals in uranium mill tailings.

Author

Somot S., Tailings and mine waste '00 Fort Collins, Colorado 23-Jan-0026-Jan-00, Pagel M, Ruhlmann F., Thiry J., Somot S., Tailings and mine waste '00 Fort Collins, Colorado 23-Jan-0026-Jan-00, Pagel M, Ruhlmann F., and Thiry J.

Abstract

A characterisation has been carried out of uranium mill tailings and their pore water at various depths within three French tailings impoundments. The objective was to evaluate the way mill tailings evolve with time and the mineralogical speciation of radio-nuclides and metals. As the behaviour of Ra226 remained uncertain, its distribution in various mineralogical phases in the mill tailings was studied. Qualitative mapping of Ra226 by coupling alpha auto-radiography and fission track mapping on thin sections of tailings, suggested that radium was essentially linked to sulphates and iron oxy-hydroxides. A method of speciation of Ra and accompanying elements was developed in order to quantify Ra226 proportions which are bound to easily leached elements, to acidic and complexing leachable phases, to reducing and complexing leachable phases and to residual minerals. Results showed that in acid tailings, dissolved Ra activities are controlled by gypsum whereas in alkaline tailings the activity seems to be controlled by carbonates., A characterisation has been carried out of uranium mill tailings and their pore water at various depths within three French tailings impoundments. The objective was to evaluate the way mill tailings evolve with time and the mineralogical speciation of radio-nuclides and metals. As the behaviour of Ra226 remained uncertain, its distribution in various mineralogical phases in the mill tailings was studied. Qualitative mapping of Ra226 by coupling alpha auto-radiography and fission track mapping on thin sections of tailings, suggested that radium was essentially linked to sulphates and iron oxy-hydroxides. A method of speciation of Ra and accompanying elements was developed in order to quantify Ra226 proportions which are bound to easily leached elements, to acidic and complexing leachable phases, to reducing and complexing leachable phases and to residual minerals. Results showed that in acid tailings, dissolved Ra activities are controlled by gypsum whereas in alkaline tailings the activity seems to be controlled by carbonates.

Published
2000

90. Design and validation of MEDRYS, a Mediterranean Sea reanalysis over 1992-2013.

Author

Hamon, M., Beuvier, J., Somot, S., Lellouche, J. M., Greiner, E., Jordà, G., Bouin, M. N., Arsouze, T., Béranger, K., Sevault, F., Dubois, C., Drevillon, M., and Drillet, Y.

Subjects
OCEANOGRAPHY, ATMOSPHERIC models, OCEAN bottom, SALINITY
Abstract

The French research community on the Mediterranean Sea modelling and the French operational ocean forecasting center Mercator Océan have gathered their skill and expertise in physical oceanography, ocean modelling, atmospheric forcings and data as- similation, to carry out a MEDiterranean sea ReanalYsiS (MEDRYS) at high resolution for the period 1992-2013. The ocean model used is NEMOMED12, a Mediterranean configuration of NEMO with a 1/12° (~ 7 km) horizontal resolution and 75 vertical z levels with partial steps. At the surface, it is forced by a new atmospheric forcing dataset (ALDERA), coming from a dynamical downscaling of the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis by the regional climate model ALADIN-Climate with a 12 km horizontal and 3 h temporal resolutions. This configuration is used to carry a 34 year free simulation over the period 1979-2013 (NM12-FREE) which is the initial state of the reanalysis in October 1992. The first version of MEDRYS uses the existing Mercator Océan data assimilation system SAM that is based on a reduced-order Kalman filter with a 3-D multivariate modal decomposition of the forecast error. Altimeter data, satellite SST and temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated. This paper describes the configuration we used to perform the MEDRYS simulation. We then first validate the skills of the data assimilation system. It is shown that the data assimilation restores a good averaged temperature and salinity in intermediate layers compared to the free simulation. No particular biases are identified in the bottom layers. However, the reanalysis show slight positive biases of 0.02 psu and 0.15 °C above 150m depth. In the validation stage, it is also shown that the assimilation allows to better reproduce water, heat and salt transports through the Strait of Gibraltar. Finally, the ability of the reanalysis to represent the sea surface high frequency variability is pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

91. Simulated anthropogenic CO2 storage and acidification of the Mediterranean Sea.

Author

Palmiéri, J., Orr, J. C., Dutay, J.-C., Béranger, K., Schneider, A., Beuvier, J., and Somot, S.

Subjects
CARBON sequestration, OCEAN acidification, GLOBAL Ocean Observing System, WATER alkalinity
Abstract

Constraints on the Mediterranean Sea's storage of anthropogenic CO2 are limited, coming only from data-based approaches that disagree by more than a factor of two. Here we simulate this marginal sea's anthropogenic carbon storage by applying a perturbation approach in a high-resolution regional model. Our model simulates that, between 1800 and 2001, basin-wide CO2 storage by the Mediterranean Sea has increased by 1.0 Pg C, a lower limit based on the model's weak deep-water ventilation, as revealed by evaluation with CFC-12. Furthermore, by testing a data-based approach (transit time distribution) in our model, comparing simulated anthropogenic CO2 to values computed from simulated CFC-12 and physical variables, we conclude that the associated basin-wide storage of 1.7 Pg, published previously, must be an upper bound. Out of the total simulated storage of 1.0 Pg C, 75% comes from the air--sea flux into the Mediterranean Sea and 25% comes from net transport from the Atlantic across the Strait of Gibraltar. Sensitivity tests indicate that the Mediterranean Sea's higher total alkalinity, relative to the global-ocean mean, enhances the Mediterranean's total inventory of anthropogenic carbon by 10 %. Yet the corresponding average anthropogenic change in surface pH does not differ significantly from the global-ocean average, despite higher total alkalinity. In Mediterranean deep waters, the pH change is estimated to be between -0.005 and -0.06 pH units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

92. Dust aerosol radiative effects during summer 2012 simulated with a coupled regional aerosol-atmosphere-ocean model over the Mediterranean.

Author

Nabat, P., Somot, S., Mallet, M., Michou, M., Sevault, F., Driouech, F., Meloni, D., Di Sarra, A., Di Biagio, C., Formenti, P., Sicard, M., Léon, J.-F., and Bouin, M.-N.

Abstract

The present study investigates the effects of aerosols on the Mediterranean climate daily variability during summer 2012. Simulations have been carried out using the coupled regional climate system model CNRM-RCSM5 which includes prognostic aerosols, namely desert dust, sea salt, organic, black-carbon and sulfate particles, in addition to the atmosphere, land surface and ocean components. An evaluation of the dust aerosol scheme of CNRM-RCSM5 has been performed against in-situ and satellite measurements. This scheme shows its ability to reproduce the spatial and temporal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Mediterranean region in summer 2012. Observations from the TRAQA/ChArMEx campaign also show that the model correctly represents dust vertical and size distributions. Thus CNRM-RCSM5 can be used for aerosol-climate studies over the Mediterranean. Here we focus on the effects of dust particles on surface temperature and radiation daily variability. Surface shortwave aerosol radiative forcing variability is found to be more than twice higher over regions affected by dust aerosols, when using a prognostic aerosol scheme instead of a monthly climatology. In this case downward surface solar radiation is also found to be better reproduced according to a comparison with several stations across the Mediterranean. Moreover, the radiative forcing due to the dust outbreaks also causes an extra cooling in land and sea surface temperatures. A composite study has been carried out for 14 stations across the Mediterranean to identify more precisely the differences between dusty days and the set of all the days. Observations show that dusty days receive less radiation at the surface and are warmer than average because of southwesterly fluxes often generating dust outbreaks. Only the simulation using the prognostic aerosol scheme is found to reproduce the observed intensity of the dimming and warming on dusty days. Otherwise, the dimming is underestimated and the warming overestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

94. 8: The Mediterranean Climate Change under Global Warming: 8.2. Global-Coupled Climate Models.

Author

Ulbrich, U., May, W., Li, L., Lionello, P., Pinto, J. G., and Somot, S.

Abstract

Part 2 of Chapter 8 of the book "Mediterranean Climate Variability," by P. Lionello, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli and R. Boscolo, is presented. It provides an overview of the analysis on the effect of future emission scenario on the Mediterranean Climate considering the results of multi-model and ensemble simulations. It explores a study that shows the differences in cyclonic activity which have been estimated for two 30-year long-time experiments carried out with ECHAM4 model.

Published
2006

95. 8: The Mediterranean Climate Change under Global Warming: 8.3. Regional Climate Scenarios.

Author

Ulbrich, U., May, W., Li, L., Lionello, P., Pinto, J. G., and Somot, S.

Abstract

Part 3 of Chapter 8 of the book "Mediterranean Climate Variability," by P. Lionello, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli and R. Boscolo, is presented. It provides an overview of the analysis on the effect of future emission scenario on the Mediterranean Climate considering the results of multi-model and ensemble simulations. It explores the statistical downscaling method which is a common approach used for obtaining local values.

Published
2006

96. THE CIRCE SIMULATIONS.

Author

GUALDI, S., SOMOT, S., LI, L., ARTALE, V., ADANI, M., BELLUCCI, A., BRAUN, A., CALMANTI, S., CARILLO, A., DELL'AQUILA, A., DĖQUĖ, M., DUBOIS, C., ELIZALDE, A., HARZALLAH, A., JACOB, D., L'HĖVĖDER, B., MAY, W., ODDO, P., RUTI, P., and SANNA, A.

Subjects
*CLIMATOLOGY, *CLIMATE change, *COMPUTER simulation, *METEOROLOGY
Abstract

In this article, the authors describe an innovative multimodel system developed within the Climate Change and Impact Research: The Mediterranean Environment (CIRCE) European Union (EU) Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) project and used to produce simulations of the Mediterranean Sea regional climate. The models include high-resolution Mediterranean Sea components, which allow assessment of the role of the basin and in particular of the air-sea feedbacks in the climate of the region. The models have been integrated from 1951 to 2050, using observed radiative forcings during the first half of the simulation period and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario during the second half. The projections show a substantial warming (about 1.5°-2°C and a significant decrease of precipitation (about 5%) in the region for the scenario period. However, locally the changes might be even larger. In the same period, the projected surface net heat loss decreases, leading to a weaker cooling of the Mediterranean Sea by the atmosphere, whereas the water budget appears to in- crease, leading the basin to lose more water through its surface than in the past. Overall, these results are consistent with the findings of previous scenario simulations, such as the Prediction of Regional Scenarios and Uncertainties for Defining European Climate Change Risks and Effects (PRUDENCE), Ensemble-Base Predictions of Climate Changes and Their Impacts (ENSEMBLES), and phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). The agreement suggests that these findings are robust to substantial changes in the configuration of the models used to make the simulations. Finally, the models produce a 2021-50 mean steric sea level rise that ranges between +7 and +12 cm, with respect to the period of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

98. A study of the effective neutralisation potential of sulphidic mill tailings.

Author

Somot S., Godard F., Olsen C., Somot S., Godard F., and Olsen C.

Abstract

Studies have been carried out to quantify the effective neutralisation potential of tailings depending on their mineralogy. Samples used were from mines in the Canadian Abitibi greenstone belt. Kinetic column and batch leaching tests were used to study the main parameters that control the acidification of water draining through sulphidic mill tailings. The petrology and mineralogy of the tailings were determined, and O2 consumption rates were measured. Leachates were analysed for a large spectrum of elements in order to understand the geochemical processes and the mineralogical controls on the evolution of the quality of mill tailings drainage water with time. The results showed that whatever the total metal content of the tailings, their release depends on host mineral solubility in pore waters., Studies have been carried out to quantify the effective neutralisation potential of tailings depending on their mineralogy. Samples used were from mines in the Canadian Abitibi greenstone belt. Kinetic column and batch leaching tests were used to study the main parameters that control the acidification of water draining through sulphidic mill tailings. The petrology and mineralogy of the tailings were determined, and O2 consumption rates were measured. Leachates were analysed for a large spectrum of elements in order to understand the geochemical processes and the mineralogical controls on the evolution of the quality of mill tailings drainage water with time. The results showed that whatever the total metal content of the tailings, their release depends on host mineral solubility in pore waters.

99. A mineralogical and geochemical study of the Ecarpiere uranium mill tailings: their diagenesis over the last thirty years.

Author

Somot S., Pacquet A., Pagel M., Reyx J., Thiry J., Somot S., Pacquet A., Pagel M., Reyx J., and Thiry J.

Abstract

The uranium at Ecarpiere (France) was recovered from ground ore by a classical acid hydrometallurgical process; the tailings were stored about 30 years ago. The investigation combined uranium series disequilibrium studies on the solids; a petrological, mineralogical and geochemical study of the tailing solid samples; geochemistry of the porewater and mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the particles left on the filters; and leaching tests on the tailings with demineralised water and simulated rain water. The main conclusions are that significant diagenesis has occurred over the last 30 years and that the leaching behaviour of radium and other metals is different in fresh and stored tailings and in tailings from different sites., The uranium at Ecarpiere (France) was recovered from ground ore by a classical acid hydrometallurgical process; the tailings were stored about 30 years ago. The investigation combined uranium series disequilibrium studies on the solids; a petrological, mineralogical and geochemical study of the tailing solid samples; geochemistry of the porewater and mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the particles left on the filters; and leaching tests on the tailings with demineralised water and simulated rain water. The main conclusions are that significant diagenesis has occurred over the last 30 years and that the leaching behaviour of radium and other metals is different in fresh and stored tailings and in tailings from different sites.

100. High self-heating rate of pyrrhotite-rich material: H2S as a fuel?

Author

Somot S., Finch J.A., Somot S., and Finch J.A.

Abstract

Investigations were carried out into the self-heating of pyrrhotite, mixed with sand as an inert material. Self-heating increased with increasing pyrrhotite content but oxidation decreased. H2S production was hypothesised and tested for and evidence was found., Investigations were carried out into the self-heating of pyrrhotite, mixed with sand as an inert material. Self-heating increased with increasing pyrrhotite content but oxidation decreased. H2S production was hypothesised and tested for and evidence was found.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results