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54. Response of foundation macrophytes to near‐natural simulated marine heatwaves

Author

Saha, Mahasweta, Barboza, Francisco Rafael, Somerfield, Paul J., Al-Janabi, Balsam, Beck, Miriam, Brakel, Janina, Ito, Maysa, Pansch, Christian, Nascimento‐Schulze, Jennifer C., Jakobsson Thor, Stina, Weinberger, Florian, and Sawall, Yvonne

Abstract

Marine heatwaves have been observed worldwide and are expected to increase in both frequency and intensity due to climate change. Such events may cause ecosystem reconfigurations arising from species range contraction or redistribution, with ecological, economic and social implications. Macrophytes such as the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and the seagrass Zostera marina are foundation species in many coastal ecosystems of the temperate northern hemisphere. Hence, their response to extreme events can potentially determine the fate of associated ecosystems. Macrophyte functioning is intimately linked to the maintenance of photosynthesis, growth and reproduction, and resistance against pathogens, epibionts and grazers. We investigated morphological, physiological, pathological and chemical defence responses of western Baltic Sea F. vesiculosus and Z. marina populations to simulated near‐natural marine heatwaves. Along with (a) the control, which constituted no heatwave but natural stochastic temperature variability (0HW), two treatments were applied: (b) two late‐spring heatwaves (June, July) followed by a summer heatwave (August; 3HW) and (c) a summer heatwave only (1HW). The 3HW treatment was applied to test whether preconditioning events can modulate the potential sensitivity to the summer heatwave. Despite the variety of responses measured in both species, only Z. marina growth was impaired by the accumulative heat stress imposed by the 3HW treatment. Photosynthetic rate, however, remained high after the last heatwave indicating potential for recovery. Only epibacterial abundance was significantly affected in F. vesiculosus. Hence both macrophytes, and in particular F. vesiculosus, seem to be fairly tolerant to short‐term marine heatwaves at least at the intensities applied in this experiment (up to 5°C above mean temperature over a period of 9 days). This may partly be due to the fact that F. vesiculosus grows in a highly variable environment, and may have a high phenotypic plasticity.

Published
2020
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58. Colonization and early succession on artificial hard substrata by meiofauna

Author

da Fonseca-Genevois, Veronica, Somerfield, Paul J., Neves, Maria Helena Baeta, Coutinho, Ricardo, and Moens, Tom

Subjects
Meiofauna -- Natural history, Meiofauna -- Environmental aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

An experiment was undertaken at Farol Island, Brazil, to examine colonization of bare aluminium surfaces by microbes and meiofauna. It was hypothesized that a primary source of meiofaunal colonists was sediment resuspended during upwelling events, two of which occurred during the experiment. Microbial biofilms formed on the experimental substrata within 1 day, and continued to develop throughout the experimental period. Among meiofaunal groups copepods also appeared on the first day, and nematodes on the second. Meiofaunal community structure developed in three main phases: an initial phase of 2 days, characterized by low abundances of copepods; a second phase during the first upwelling period characterized by higher abundances of copepods and also by turbellarians; and a third phase from day 13 onwards characterized by relatively stable abundances of a range of taxa including copepods, cirripedes, nematodes and ostracods. Nematode assemblages also developed in three phases, but with different timings coinciding with upwelling events: an initial phase, from the beginning of the experiment to day 9, characterized by few species and low (or no) abundances; a second phase following the first upwelling characterized by moderate abundances of Chromadorina, Chromadorella, Daptonema and Euchromadora sp. 3; a third phase following the second upwelling period (from day 26 onwards) in which Daptonema disappeared and the assemblage was characterized by moderate to high abundances of Euchromadora (species 1 and 2) and Chromadorella. Although shifts in nematode assemblage structure coincided with upwelling events no evidence was found for sediments being the primary source of colonizers on the aluminium substrata, in contrast to our hypothesis., Introduction Fouling of surfaces by abiotic substances and living organisms has three levels of organization (Rittschof 1999). Molecular fouling is the accretion of organic and/or inorganic molecules from solution onto [...]

Published
2006

59. The application of an indicator based on taxonomic distinctness for UK marine biodiversity assessments

Author

Leonard, D.R.P., Clarke, K. Robert, Somerfield, Paul J., and Warwick, Richard M.

Subjects
Biological diversity conservation, Biological diversity, Sustainable development, Environmental issues
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.008 Byline: D.R.P. Leonard (a), K. Robert Clarke (b), Paul J. Somerfield (b), Richard M. Warwick (b) Abstract: Mankind needs to use the resources and opportunities offered by the marine environment while protecting ecological processes and systems. This is the foundation for sustainable development, which can only be achieved by adopting an appropriate management approach. Whether internationally or at a regional scale, successful management of marine ecosystems needs to be based on a scientifically robust approach to monitoring environmental change. Within such a framework, the conservation of marine biological diversity is problematic, as many conventional measures of diversity are not appropriate for measuring the types of change that require management. New indicators are required and in this paper we summarise some of the current methodology being used to derive such indices, which may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of marine stewardship initiatives. Through a series of examples we demonstrate the application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator of biodiversity to marine environmental assessment and its development towards becoming an operational tool. Author Affiliation: (a) Defra, Environmental Protection Directorate, Rm. 305, Eastbury House, Albert Embankment, London SE1 7TL, UK (b) Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK Article History: Received 10 September 2004; Revised 21 February 2005; Accepted 12 April 2005

Published
2006

72. Nitrification in the oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean.

Author

Clark, Darren R., Rees, Andrew P., Ferrera, Charissa, Al-Moosawi, Lisa, Somerfield, Paul J., Harris, Carolyn, Quartly, Graham D., Goult, Stephen, Tarran, Glen, and Lessin, Gennadi

Subjects
NITRIFICATION, EUPHOTIC zone, OCEAN zoning, MESOSCALE eddies, NITROGEN cycle, OXIDATION
Abstract

The recycling of scarce nutrient resources in the sunlit open ocean is crucial to ecosystem function. Ammonium oxidation, the first stage of the nitrification process, directs ammonium derived from organic matter decomposition towards the regeneration nitrate, an important resource for photosynthetic primary producers. However, the technical challenge of making nitrification rate measurements in oligotrophic conditions combined with the remote nature of these marine systems means that data availability, and the understanding that provides, is limited. This study reports rate measurements of ammonium oxidation over a 13, 000 km transect within the photic zone of the Atlantic Ocean. These measurements, at relatively fine resolution (order 300 km), permit the examination of interactions with environmental conditions that may warrant explicit development and inclusion in model descriptions. At all locations we report measurable rates with significant variability between and within Atlantic provinces. This adds to evidence that nitrification is an important component of pelagic nitrogen cycling which modifies the inorganic nitrogen inventory of the sunlit ocean. Particular features of interest included a significant hemispheric difference in ammonium oxidation rate and elevated rates associated with mesoscale eddy features. Statistical analysis of potential links between ammonium oxidation rate and routinely measured ecosystem variables indicated significant correlative structure, explaining ~65% of the data variability. Differences between sampling depths were of the same magnitude or greater than horizontally resolved differences along the transect length, identifying distinct biogeochemical niches between depth horizons. Principle component analysis demonstrated that the best overall match between ammonium oxidation rate and environmental variables involved a combination of chlorophyll-a concentration, the duration of the light phase and silicate concentration (which we argue to be a short-term tracer of physical instability). Results allude to an association between ammonium oxidation and potentially short-term product(s) of photosynthetic activity and subsequent degradation. Approximately 35% of data variability was not explained, which may include descriptions of DOM pool dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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73. Research Infrastructures offer capacity to address scientific questions never attempted before: Are all taxa equal?

Author

Arvanitidis, Christos D, Warwick, Richard M, Somerfield, Paul J, Pavloudi, Christina, Pafilis, Evangelos, Oulas, Anastassis, Chatzigeorgiou, Giorgos, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Patkos, Theodoros, Bailly, Nicolas, Hernandez, Francisco, Vanhoorne, Bart, Vandepitte, Leen, Appeltans, Ward, Adlard, Robert, Adriaens, Peter, Kee-Jeong, Ahn, Shane, Ahyong, Nesrine, Akkari, Anderson, Gary, Martin, Angel, Arango, Claudia, Artois, Tom, Atkinson, Stephen, Bank, Ruud, Barber, Anthony D, Barbosa, Joao P, Bartsch, Ilse, Bellan-Santini, Denise, Bernot, Jimmy, Berta, Annalisa, Bieler, Rüdiger, Błażewicz, Magda, Bock, Phil, Böttger-Schnack, Ruth, Bouchet, Philippe, Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Boxshall, Geoff, Boyko, Christopher B, Nunes Brandão, Simone, Bray, Rod, Bruce, Niel L, Cairns, Stephen, Campinas Bezerra, Tania N, Cárdenas, Paco, Chan, Benny KK, Chan, Tin-Yam, Cheng, Lanna, Churchill, Morgan, Corbari, Laure, Cordeiro, Ralf, Cornils, Astrid, Crandall, Keith A, Cribb, Thomas, Dhondt, Jean-Loup, Daly, Meg, Daneliya, Mikhail, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Davie, Peter, De Broyer, Claude, De Mazancourt, Valentin, De Voogd, Nicole, Decker, Peter, Defaye, Danielle, Dijkstra, Henk, Dohrmann, Martin, Domning, Daryl, Downey, Rachel, Drapun, Inna, Eisendle-Flöckner, Ursula, Ewers-Saucedo, Christine, Faber, Marien, Figueroa, Diego, Finn, Julian, Fonseca, Gustavo, Fordyce, Ewan, Foster, William, Furuya, Hidetaka, Galea, Horia, Garcia-Alvarez, Oscar, Garic, Rade, Gasca, Rebeca, Gaviria-Melo, Santiago, Gerken, Sarah, Gibson, David, Gil, João, Gittenberger, Arjan, Glasby, Chris, Gofas, Serge, Gómez-Noguera, Samuel E, González-Solís, David, Gordon, Dennis, Grabowski, Michal, Gravili, Cinzia, Guerra-García, José M, Guidetti, Roberto, Guilini, Katja, Hadfield, Kerry A, Hendrycks, Ed, Herrera, Bachiller, Ho, Ju-Shey, Høeg, Jens, Holovachov, Oleksandr, Hooge, Matthew D, Hooper, John, Horton, Tammy, Hughes, Lauren, Hyžný, Matús, Moretti, Luiz IF, Iseto, Tohru, Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N, Jarms, Gerhard, Jaume, Damià, Jazdzewski, Krzysztof, Karanovic, Ivana, Kim, Young-Hyo, King, Rachael, Klautau, Michelle, Kolb, Jürgen, Kotov, Alexey, Krapp-Schickel, Traudl, Kremenetskaia, Antonina, Kristensen, Reinhardt, Kroh, Andreas, Kullander, Sven, La Perna, Rafael, LeCroy, Sara, Leduc, Daniel, Lemaitre, Rafael, Lörz, Anne-Nina, Lowry, Jim, Macpherson, Enrique, Madin, Larry, Mamos, Tomasz, Manconi, Renata, Marshall, Bruce, Marshall, David J, Martin, Patrick, McInnes, Sandra, Mees, Jan, Meidla, Tõnu, Merrin, Kelly, Miljutin, Dmitry, Mills, Claudia, Mokievsky, Vadim, Molodtsova, Tina, Mooi, Rich, Morandini, André C, Moreira Da Rocha, Rosana, Moretzsohn, Fabio, Mortelmans, Jonas, Mortimer, Jeanne, Musco, Luigi, Neubauer, Thomas A, Neubert, Eike, Neuhaus, Peter NG, Nguyen, Anh D, Nielsen, Claus, Norenburg, Jon, OHara, Tim, Okahashi, Hisayo, Opresko, Dennis, Osawa, Masayuki, Ota, Yuzo, Paulay, Gustav, Perrier, Vincent, Perrin, William, Petrescu, Iorgu, Picton, Bernard, Pilger, John F, Pisera, Andrzej, Polhemus, Dan, Poore, Gary, Reimer, James D, Reip, Hans, Reuscher, Michael, Rios Lopez, Pilar, Rius, Marc, Rützler, Klaus, Rzhavsky, Alexander, Saiz-Salinas, José, Sartori, André F, Schatz, Heinrich, Schierwater, Bernd, Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas, Schneider, Simon, Schönberg, Christine, Senna, André R, Serejo, Cristiana, Shaik, Shabuddin, Shamsi, Shokoofeh, Sharma, Jyotsna, Shenkar, Noa, Shinn, Andrew, Sicinski, Jacek, Siegel, Volker, Sierwald, Petra, Simmons, Elizabeth, Sinniger, Frederic, Sivell, Duncan, Sket, Boris, Smit, Harry, Smol, Nicole, Souza-Filho, Jesser F, Spelda, Jörg, Stampar, Sérgio N, Stienen, Eric, Stoev, Pavel, Stöhr, Sabine, Strand, Malin, Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Summers, Mindi, Swalla, Billie J, Taiti, Stefano, Tanaka, Masaatsu, Tandberg, Anne H, Tang, Danny, Tasker, Mark, ten Hove, Harry, ter Poorten, Jan J, Thomas, Jim, Thuesen, Erik V, Thuy, Ben, Timi, Juan T, Todaro, Antonio, Turon, Xavier, Uetz, Peter, Utevsky, Sergiy, Vacelet, Jean, Väinölä, Risto, van der Meij, Sancia ET, van Haaren, Ton, Venekey, Virág, Vos, Chris, Walker-Smith, Genefor, Walter, Chad T, Watling, Les, Wayland, Matthew, Whipps, Christopher, Williams, Gary, Wilson, Robin, Yasuhara, Moriaki, Zanol, Joana, and Zeidler, Wolfgang

Abstract

Research Infrastructures (RIs) are facilities, resources and services used by the scientific community to conduct research and foster innovation. LifeWatch ERIC has developed various virtual research environments, which include many virtual laboratories (vLabs) offering high computational capacity and comprehensive collaborative platforms that supporting the needs of digital biodiversity science. Over its 250 years of history, the taxonomic research community has developed a system for describing, classifying and naming taxa across multiple levels. For the marine biota, taxonomic information is organized and made publicly available through the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) that records more than 250,000 described valid species. Although scientists tend to assign an equal status (in terms of contribution to overall diversity) to each taxon used in taxonomy, biogeography, ecology and biodiversity, the question “are all taxa equal?” has never been tested at a global scale. We present evidence that this question can be addressed by applying relatedness indices (Taxonomic Distinctness) over the entire WoRMS metazoan tree. The RvLab, developed by the LifeWatchGreece RI, operating on a high-performance computer cluster, has been used to meet the high computational demands required for such an analysis at a global scale.

Published
2018
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74. Response of foundation macrophytes to near‐natural simulated marine heatwaves

Author

Saha, Mahasweta, primary, Barboza, Francisco R., additional, Somerfield, Paul J., additional, Al‐Janabi, Balsam, additional, Beck, Miriam, additional, Brakel, Janina, additional, Ito, Maysa, additional, Pansch, Christian, additional, Nascimento‐Schulze, Jennifer C., additional, Jakobsson Thor, Stina, additional, Weinberger, Florian, additional, and Sawall, Yvonne, additional

Published
2019
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77. Projecting changes in the distribution and productivity of living marine resources: A critical review of the suite of modeling approaches used in the large European project VECTORS

Author

Peck, Myron A., Arvanitidis, Christos, Butenschon, Momme, Canu, Donata Melaku, Chatzinikolaou, Eva, Cucco, Andrea, Domenici, Paolo, Fernandes, Jose A., Gasche, Loic, Huebert, Klaus B., Hufnagl, Marc, Jones, Miranda C., Kempf, Alexander, Keyl, Friedemann, Maar, Marie, Mahevas, Stephanie, Marchal, Paul, Nicolas, Delphine, Pinnegar, John K., Rivot, Etienne, Rochette, Sebastien, Sell, Anne F., Sinerchia, Matteo, Solidoro, Cosimo, Somerfield, Paul J., Teal, Lorna R., Travers-trolet, Morgane, Van De Wolfshaar, Karen E., Peck, Myron A., Arvanitidis, Christos, Butenschon, Momme, Canu, Donata Melaku, Chatzinikolaou, Eva, Cucco, Andrea, Domenici, Paolo, Fernandes, Jose A., Gasche, Loic, Huebert, Klaus B., Hufnagl, Marc, Jones, Miranda C., Kempf, Alexander, Keyl, Friedemann, Maar, Marie, Mahevas, Stephanie, Marchal, Paul, Nicolas, Delphine, Pinnegar, John K., Rivot, Etienne, Rochette, Sebastien, Sell, Anne F., Sinerchia, Matteo, Solidoro, Cosimo, Somerfield, Paul J., Teal, Lorna R., Travers-trolet, Morgane, and Van De Wolfshaar, Karen E.

Abstract

We review and compare four broad categories of spatially-explicit modelling approaches currently used to understand and project changes in the distribution and productivity of living marine resources including: 1) statistical species distribution models, 2) physiology-based, biophysical models of single life stages or the whole life cycle of species, 3) food web models, and 4) end-to-end models. Single pressures are rare and, in the future, models must be able to examine multiple factors affecting living marine resources such as interactions between: i) climate-driven changes in temperature regimes and acidification, ii) reductions in water quality due to eutrophication, iii) the introduction of alien invasive species, and/or iv) (over-)exploitation by fisheries. Statistical (correlative) approaches can be used to detect historical patterns which may not be relevant in the future. Advancing predictive capacity of changes in distribution and productivity of living marine resources requires explicit modelling of biological and physical mechanisms. New formulations are needed which (depending on the question) will need to strive for more realism in ecophysiology and behaviour of individuals, life history strategies of species, as well as trophodynamic interactions occurring at different spatial scales. Coupling existing models (e.g. physical, biological, economic) is one avenue that has proven successful. However, fundamental advancements are needed to address key issues such as the adaptive capacity of species/groups and ecosystems. The continued development of end-to-end models (e.g., physics to fish to human sectors) will be critical if we hope to assess how multiple pressures may interact to cause changes in living marine resources including the ecological and economic costs and trade-offs of different spatial management strategies. Given the strengths and weaknesses of the various types of models reviewed here, confidence in projections of changes in the distribut

Published
2018
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78. Diverse effects of invasive ecosystem engineers on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functions - a global review and meta-analysis

Author

Guy-Haim, Tamar, Lyons, Devin A., Kotta, Jonne, Ojaveer, Henn, Queirós, Ana M., Chatzinikolaou, Eva, Arvanitidis, Christos, Como, Serena, Magni, Paolo, Blight, Andrew J., Orav-Kotta, Helen, Somerfield, Paul J, Crowe, Tasman P., Rilov, Gil, Guy-Haim, Tamar, Lyons, Devin A., Kotta, Jonne, Ojaveer, Henn, Queirós, Ana M., Chatzinikolaou, Eva, Arvanitidis, Christos, Como, Serena, Magni, Paolo, Blight, Andrew J., Orav-Kotta, Helen, Somerfield, Paul J, Crowe, Tasman P., and Rilov, Gil

Abstract

Invasive ecosystem engineers (IEE) are potentially one of the most influential types of biological invaders. They are expected to have extensive ecological impacts by altering the physical–chemical structure of ecosystems, thereby changing the rules of existence for a broad range of resident biota. To test the generality of this expectation, we used a global systematic review and meta-analysis to examine IEE effects on the abundance of individual species and communities, biodiversity (using several indices) and ecosystem functions, focusing on marine and estuarine environments. We found that IEE had a significant effect (positive and negative) in most studies testing impacts on individual species, but the overall (cumulative) effect size was small and negative. Many individual studies showed strong IEE effects on community abundance and diversity, but the direction of effects was variable, leading to statistically non-significant overall effects in most categories. In contrast, there was a strong overall effect on most ecosystem functions we examined. IEE negatively affected metabolic functions and primary production, but positively affected nutrient flux, sedimentation and decomposition. We use the results to develop a conceptual model by highlighting pathways whereby IEE impact communities and ecosystem functions, and identify several sources of research bias in the IEE-related invasion literature. Only a few of the studies simultaneously quantified IEE effects on community/diversity and ecosystem functions. Therefore, understanding how IEE may alter biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships should be a primary focus of future studies of invasion biology. Moreover, the clear effects of IEE on ecosystem functions detected in our study suggest that scientists and environmental managers ought to examine how the effects of IEE might be manifested in the services that marine ecosystems provide to humans.

Published
2018
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81. Research Infrastructures offer capacity to address scientific questions never attempted before: Are all taxa equal?

Author

Arvanitidis, Christos D, primary, Warwick, Richard M, additional, Somerfield, Paul J, additional, Pavloudi, Christina, additional, Pafilis, Evangelos, additional, Oulas, Anastassis, additional, Chatzigeorgiou, Giorgos, additional, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, additional, Patkos, Theodoros, additional, Bailly, Nicolas, additional, Hernandez, Francisco, additional, Vanhoorne, Bart, additional, Vandepitte, Leen, additional, Appeltans, Ward, additional, Adlard, Robert, additional, Adriaens, Peter, additional, Kee-Jeong, Ahn, additional, Shane, Ahyong, additional, Nesrine, Akkari, additional, Anderson, Gary, additional, Martin, Angel, additional, Arango, Claudia, additional, Artois, Tom, additional, Atkinson, Stephen, additional, Bank, Ruud, additional, Barber, Anthony D, additional, Barbosa, Joao P, additional, Bartsch, Ilse, additional, Bellan-Santini, Denise, additional, Bernot, Jimmy, additional, Berta, Annalisa, additional, Bieler, Rüdiger, additional, Błażewicz, Magda, additional, Bock, Phil, additional, Böttger-Schnack, Ruth, additional, Bouchet, Philippe, additional, Boury-Esnault, Nicole, additional, Boxshall, Geoff, additional, Boyko, Christopher B, additional, Nunes Brandão, Simone, additional, Bray, Rod, additional, Bruce, Niel L, additional, Cairns, Stephen, additional, Campinas Bezerra, Tania N, additional, Cárdenas, Paco, additional, Chan, Benny KK, additional, Chan, Tin-Yam, additional, Cheng, Lanna, additional, Churchill, Morgan, additional, Corbari, Laure, additional, Cordeiro, Ralf, additional, Cornils, Astrid, additional, Crandall, Keith A, additional, Cribb, Thomas, additional, D'hondt, Jean-Loup, additional, Daly, Meg, additional, Daneliya, Mikhail, additional, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, additional, Davie, Peter, additional, De Broyer, Claude, additional, De Mazancourt, Valentin, additional, De Voogd, Nicole, additional, Decker, Peter, additional, Defaye, Danielle, additional, Dijkstra, Henk, additional, Dohrmann, Martin, additional, Domning, Daryl, additional, Downey, Rachel, additional, Drapun, Inna, additional, Eisendle-Flöckner, Ursula, additional, Ewers-Saucedo, Christine, additional, Faber, Marien, additional, Figueroa, Diego, additional, Finn, Julian, additional, Fonseca, Gustavo, additional, Fordyce, Ewan, additional, Foster, William, additional, Furuya, Hidetaka, additional, Galea, Horia, additional, Garcia-Alvarez, Oscar, additional, Garic, Rade, additional, Gasca, Rebeca, additional, Gaviria-Melo, Santiago, additional, Gerken, Sarah, additional, Gibson, David, additional, Gil, João, additional, Gittenberger, Arjan, additional, Glasby, Chris, additional, Gofas, Serge, additional, Gómez-Noguera, Samuel E, additional, González-Solís, David, additional, Gordon, Dennis, additional, Grabowski, Michal, additional, Gravili, Cinzia, additional, Guerra-García, José M, additional, Guidetti, Roberto, additional, Guilini, Katja, additional, Hadfield, Kerry A, additional, Hendrycks, Ed, additional, Herrera, Bachiller, additional, Ho, Ju-Shey, additional, Høeg, Jens, additional, Holovachov, Oleksandr, additional, Hooge, Matthew D, additional, Hooper, John, additional, Horton, Tammy, additional, Hughes, Lauren, additional, Hyžný, Matús, additional, Moretti, Luiz IF, additional, Iseto, Tohru, additional, Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N, additional, Jarms, Gerhard, additional, Jaume, Damià, additional, Jazdzewski, Krzysztof, additional, Karanovic, Ivana, additional, Kim, Young-Hyo, additional, King, Rachael, additional, Klautau, Michelle, additional, Kolb, Jürgen, additional, Kotov, Alexey, additional, Krapp-Schickel, Traudl, additional, Kremenetskaia, Antonina, additional, Kristensen, Reinhardt, additional, Kroh, Andreas, additional, Kullander, Sven, additional, La Perna, Rafael, additional, LeCroy, Sara, additional, Leduc, Daniel, additional, Lemaitre, Rafael, additional, Lörz, Anne-Nina, additional, Lowry, Jim, additional, Macpherson, Enrique, additional, Madin, Larry, additional, Mamos, Tomasz, additional, Manconi, Renata, additional, Marshall, Bruce, additional, Marshall, David J, additional, Martin, Patrick, additional, McInnes, Sandra, additional, Mees, Jan, additional, Meidla, Tõnu, additional, Merrin, Kelly, additional, Miljutin, Dmitry, additional, Mills, Claudia, additional, Mokievsky, Vadim, additional, Molodtsova, Tina, additional, Mooi, Rich, additional, Morandini, André C, additional, Moreira Da Rocha, Rosana, additional, Moretzsohn, Fabio, additional, Mortelmans, Jonas, additional, Mortimer, Jeanne, additional, Musco, Luigi, additional, Neubauer, Thomas A, additional, Neubert, Eike, additional, Neuhaus, Peter NG, additional, Nguyen, Anh D, additional, Nielsen, Claus, additional, Norenburg, Jon, additional, O'Hara, Tim, additional, Okahashi, Hisayo, additional, Opresko, Dennis, additional, Osawa, Masayuki, additional, Ota, Yuzo, additional, Paulay, Gustav, additional, Perrier, Vincent, additional, Perrin, William, additional, Petrescu, Iorgu, additional, Picton, Bernard, additional, Pilger, John F, additional, Pisera, Andrzej, additional, Polhemus, Dan, additional, Poore, Gary, additional, Reimer, James D, additional, Reip, Hans, additional, Reuscher, Michael, additional, Rios Lopez, Pilar, additional, Rius, Marc, additional, Rützler, Klaus, additional, Rzhavsky, Alexander, additional, Saiz-Salinas, José, additional, Sartori, André F, additional, Schatz, Heinrich, additional, Schierwater, Bernd, additional, Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas, additional, Schneider, Simon, additional, Schönberg, Christine, additional, Senna, André R, additional, Serejo, Cristiana, additional, Shaik, Shabuddin, additional, Shamsi, Shokoofeh, additional, Sharma, Jyotsna, additional, Shenkar, Noa, additional, Shinn, Andrew, additional, Sicinski, Jacek, additional, Siegel, Volker, additional, Sierwald, Petra, additional, Simmons, Elizabeth, additional, Sinniger, Frederic, additional, Sivell, Duncan, additional, Sket, Boris, additional, Smit, Harry, additional, Smol, Nicole, additional, Souza-Filho, Jesser F, additional, Spelda, Jörg, additional, Stampar, Sérgio N, additional, Stienen, Eric, additional, Stoev, Pavel, additional, Stöhr, Sabine, additional, Strand, Malin, additional, Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, additional, Summers, Mindi, additional, Swalla, Billie J, additional, Taiti, Stefano, additional, Tanaka, Masaatsu, additional, Tandberg, Anne H, additional, Tang, Danny, additional, Tasker, Mark, additional, ten Hove, Harry, additional, ter Poorten, Jan J, additional, Thomas, Jim, additional, Thuesen, Erik V, additional, Thuy, Ben, additional, Timi, Juan T, additional, Todaro, Antonio, additional, Turon, Xavier, additional, Uetz, Peter, additional, Utevsky, Sergiy, additional, Vacelet, Jean, additional, Väinölä, Risto, additional, van der Meij, Sancia ET, additional, van Haaren, Ton, additional, Venekey, Virág, additional, Vos, Chris, additional, Walker-Smith, Genefor, additional, Walter, Chad T, additional, Watling, Les, additional, Wayland, Matthew, additional, Whipps, Christopher, additional, Williams, Gary, additional, Wilson, Robin, additional, Yasuhara, Moriaki, additional, Zanol, Joana, additional, and Zeidler, Wolfgang, additional

Published
2018
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82. A comparative analysis of metabarcoding and morphology‐based identification of benthic communities across different regional seas

Author

Cahill, Abigail E., primary, Pearman, John K., additional, Borja, Angel, additional, Carugati, Laura, additional, Carvalho, Susana, additional, Danovaro, Roberto, additional, Dashfield, Sarah, additional, David, Romain, additional, Féral, Jean‐Pierre, additional, Olenin, Sergej, additional, Šiaulys, Andrius, additional, Somerfield, Paul J., additional, Trayanova, Antoaneta, additional, Uyarra, Maria C., additional, and Chenuil, Anne, additional

Published
2018
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83. Short-term CO 2 exposure and temperature rise effects on metazoan meiofauna and free-living nematodes in sandy and muddy sediments: Results from a flume experiment

Author

Ingels, Jeroen, primary, dos Santos, Giovanni, additional, Hicks, Natalie, additional, Vazquez, Yirina Valdes, additional, Neres, Patricia Fernandes, additional, Pontes, Letícia Pereira, additional, Amorim, Mayara Nataly, additional, Román, Sara, additional, Du, Yongfen, additional, Stahl, Henrik, additional, Somerfield, Paul J., additional, and Widdicombe, Stephen, additional

Published
2018
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86. Projecting changes in the distribution and productivity of living marine resources: A critical review of the suite of modelling approaches used in the large European project VECTORS

Author

Peck, Myron A., primary, Arvanitidis, Christos, additional, Butenschön, Momme, additional, Canu, Donata Melaku, additional, Chatzinikolaou, Eva, additional, Cucco, Andrea, additional, Domenici, Paolo, additional, Fernandes, Jose A., additional, Gasche, Loic, additional, Huebert, Klaus B., additional, Hufnagl, Marc, additional, Jones, Miranda C., additional, Kempf, Alexander, additional, Keyl, Friedemann, additional, Maar, Marie, additional, Mahévas, Stéphanie, additional, Marchal, Paul, additional, Nicolas, Delphine, additional, Pinnegar, John K., additional, Rivot, Etienne, additional, Rochette, Sébastien, additional, Sell, Anne F., additional, Sinerchia, Matteo, additional, Solidoro, Cosimo, additional, Somerfield, Paul J., additional, Teal, Lorna R., additional, Travers-Trolet, Morgan, additional, and van de Wolfshaar, Karen E., additional

Published
2018
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87. Diverse effects of invasive ecosystem engineers on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functions: A global review and meta‐analysis

Author

Guy‐Haim, Tamar, primary, Lyons, Devin A., additional, Kotta, Jonne, additional, Ojaveer, Henn, additional, Queirós, Ana M., additional, Chatzinikolaou, Eva, additional, Arvanitidis, Christos, additional, Como, Serena, additional, Magni, Paolo, additional, Blight, Andrew J., additional, Orav‐Kotta, Helen, additional, Somerfield, Paul J., additional, Crowe, Tasman P., additional, and Rilov, Gil, additional

Published
2018
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89. An Objective Framework to Test the Quality of Candidate Indicators of Good Environmental Status

Author

Queirós, Ana M., Strong, James A., Mazik, Krysia, Carstensen, Jacob, Bruun, John, Somerfield, Paul J., Bruhn, Annette, Ciavatta, Stefano, Flo, Eva, Bizsel, Nihayet, Chuševė, Romualda, Muxika, Iñigo, Nygård, Henrik, Papadopoulou, Nadia, Pantazi, Maria, and Krause-Jensen, Dorte

Subjects
pressure, marine strategy framework directive, indicator, water framework directive (WFD), European union, good environmental status, ecosystems
Abstract

Large efforts are on-going within the EU to prepare the Marine Strategy Framework Directive's (MSFD) assessment of the environmental status of the European seas. This assessment will only be as good as the indicators chosen to monitor the 11 descriptors of good environmental status (GEnS). An objective and transparent framework to determine whether chosen indicators actually support the aims of this policy is, however, not yet in place. Such frameworks are needed to ensure that the limited resources available to this assessment optimize the likelihood of achieving GEnS within collaborating states. Here, we developed a hypothesis-based protocol to evaluate whether candidate indicators meet quality criteria explicit to the MSFD, which the assessment community aspires to. Eight quality criteria are distilled from existing initiatives, and a testing and scoring protocol for each of them is presented. We exemplify its application in three worked examples, covering indicators for three GEnS descriptors (1, 5, and 6), various habitat components (seaweeds, seagrasses, benthic macrofauna, and plankton), and assessment regions (Danish, Lithuanian, and UK waters). We argue that this framework provides a necessary, transparent and standardized structure to support the comparison of candidate indicators, and the decision-making process leading to indicator selection. Its application could help identify potential limitations in currently available candidate metrics and, in such cases, help focus the development of more adequate indicators. Use of such standardized approaches will facilitate the sharing of knowledge gained across the MSFD parties despite context-specificity across assessment regions, and support the evidence-based management of European seas.

Published
2016

90. What can indicators of good environmental status tell us about ecosystem services?: Reducing efforts and increasing cost-effectiveness by reapplying biodiversity indicator data

Author

Broszeit, Stefanie, primary, Beaumont, Nicola J., additional, Uyarra, Maria C., additional, Heiskanen, Anna-Stiina, additional, Frost, Matthew, additional, Somerfield, Paul J., additional, Rossberg, Axel G., additional, Teixeira, Heliana, additional, and Austen, Melanie C., additional

Published
2017
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92. Solutions for ecosystem-level protection of ocean systems under climate change

Author

Queiros, Ana M., Huebert, Klaus B., Keyl, Friedemann, Fernandes, Jose A., Stolte, Willem, Maar, Marie, Kay, Susan, Jones, Miranda C., Hamon, Katell, Hendriksen, Gerrit, Vermard, Youen, Marchal, Paul, Teal, Lorna R., Somerfield, Paul J., Austen, Melanie C., Barange, Manuel, Sell, Anne F., Allen, Icarus, Peck, Myron A., Queiros, Ana M., Huebert, Klaus B., Keyl, Friedemann, Fernandes, Jose A., Stolte, Willem, Maar, Marie, Kay, Susan, Jones, Miranda C., Hamon, Katell, Hendriksen, Gerrit, Vermard, Youen, Marchal, Paul, Teal, Lorna R., Somerfield, Paul J., Austen, Melanie C., Barange, Manuel, Sell, Anne F., Allen, Icarus, and Peck, Myron A.

Abstract

The Paris Conference of Parties (COP21) agreement renewed momentum for action against climate change, creating the space for solutions for conservation of the ocean addressing two of its largest threats: climate change and ocean acidification (CCOA). Recent arguments that ocean policies disregard a mature conservation research field and that protected areas cannot address climate change may be oversimplistic at this time when dynamic solutions for the management of changing oceans are needed. We propose a novel approach, based on spatial meta-analysis of climate impact models, to improve the positioning of marine protected areas to limit CCOA impacts. We do this by estimating the vulnerability of ocean ecosystems to CCOA in a spatially explicit manner and then co-mapping human activities such as the placement of renewable energy developments and the distribution of marine protected areas. We test this approach in the NE Atlantic considering also how CCOA impacts the base of the food web which supports protected species, an aspect often neglected in conservation studies. We found that, in this case, current regional conservation plans protect areas with low ecosystem-level vulnerability to CCOA, but disregard how species may redistribute to new, suitable and productive habitats. Under current plans, these areas remain open to commercial extraction and other uses. Here, and worldwide, ocean conservation strategies under CCOA must recognize the long-term importance of these habitat refuges, and studies such as this one are needed to identify them. Protecting these areas creates adaptive, climate-ready and ecosystem-level policy options for conservation, suitable for changing oceans.

Published
2016
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94. Solutions for ecosystem-level protection of ocean systems under climate change

Author

Queirós, Ana M., primary, Huebert, Klaus B., additional, Keyl, Friedemann, additional, Fernandes, Jose A., additional, Stolte, Willem, additional, Maar, Marie, additional, Kay, Susan, additional, Jones, Miranda C., additional, Hamon, Katell G., additional, Hendriksen, Gerrit, additional, Vermard, Youen, additional, Marchal, Paul, additional, Teal, Lorna R., additional, Somerfield, Paul J., additional, Austen, Melanie C., additional, Barange, Manuel, additional, Sell, Anne F., additional, Allen, Icarus, additional, and Peck, Myron A., additional

Published
2016
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95. An Objective Framework to Test the Quality of Candidate Indicators of Good Environmental Status

Author

Queirós, Ana M., primary, Strong, James A., additional, Mazik, Krysia, additional, Carstensen, Jacob, additional, Bruun, John, additional, Somerfield, Paul J., additional, Bruhn, Annette, additional, Ciavatta, Stefano, additional, Flo, Eva, additional, Bizsel, Nihayet, additional, Özaydinli, Murat, additional, Chuševė, Romualda, additional, Muxika, Iñigo, additional, Nygård, Henrik, additional, Papadopoulou, Nadia, additional, Pantazi, Maria, additional, and Krause-Jensen, Dorte, additional

Published
2016
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97. Relationships between biodiversity and the stability of marine ecosystems: comparisons at a European scale using meta-analysis.

Author

Cusson, Mathieu, Crowe, Tasman P., Araujo, Rita M., Arenas, Francesco, Aspden, Rebecca. J., Bulleri, Fabio, Davoult, Dominique, Dyson, Kristie, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Herkül, Kristjan, Hubas, Cédric, Jenkins, Stuart R., Kotta, Jonne, Kraufvelin, Patrik, Migné, Aline, Molis, Markus, Mulholland, Olwyen, Noël, Laure M-LJ, Paterson, David M., Saunders, James, Somerfield, Paul J., Sousa-Pinto, Isabel, Spilmont, Nicolas, Terlizzi, Antonio, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Cusson, Mathieu, Crowe, Tasman P., Araujo, Rita M., Arenas, Francesco, Aspden, Rebecca. J., Bulleri, Fabio, Davoult, Dominique, Dyson, Kristie, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Herkül, Kristjan, Hubas, Cédric, Jenkins, Stuart R., Kotta, Jonne, Kraufvelin, Patrik, Migné, Aline, Molis, Markus, Mulholland, Olwyen, Noël, Laure M-LJ, Paterson, David M., Saunders, James, Somerfield, Paul J., Sousa-Pinto, Isabel, Spilmont, Nicolas, Terlizzi, Antonio, and Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro

Abstract

The relationship between biodiversity and stability of marine benthic assemblages was investigated through meta-analyses using existing data sets (n = 28) covering various spatial (m-km) and temporal (1973-2006; ranging from 5 to >250 months) scales in different benthic habitats (emergent rock, rock pools and sedimentary habitats) over different European marine systems (North Atlantic and western Mediterranean). Stability was measured by a lower variability in time, and variability was estimated as temporal variance of species richness, total abundance (density or % cover) and community structure (using Bray-Curtis dissimilarities on species composition and abundance). Stability generally decreased with species richness. Temporal variability in species richness increased with the number of species at both quadrat (<1 m2) and site (100 m2) scales, while no relationship was observed by multivariate analyses. Positive relationships were also observed at the scale of site between temporal variability in species richness and variability in community structure with evenness estimates. This implies that the relationship between species richness or evenness and species richness variability is slightly positive and depends on the scale of observation. Thus, species richness does not stabilize temporal fluctuations in species number, rather species rich assemblages are those most likely to undergo the largest fluctuations in species numbers and abundance from time to time. Changes within community assemblages in terms of structure are, however, generally independent of biodiversity. Except for sedimentary and rock pool habitats, no relationship was observed between temporal variation of total abundances and diversity at either scale. Overall, our results emphasise that the relation between species richness and species-level measures of temporal variability depend on scale of measurements, type of habitats and the marine system (North Atlantic and Mediterranean) considered.

Published
2015

98. There are no whole truths in meta-analyses: all their truths are half-truths

Author

Lyons, Devin A., Arvanitidis, Christos, Blight, Andrew J., Chatzinikolaou, Eva, Guy-Haim, Tamar, Kotta, Jonne, Queirós, Ana M., Rilov, Gil, Somerfield, Paul J., Crowe, Tasman P., Lyons, Devin A., Arvanitidis, Christos, Blight, Andrew J., Chatzinikolaou, Eva, Guy-Haim, Tamar, Kotta, Jonne, Queirós, Ana M., Rilov, Gil, Somerfield, Paul J., and Crowe, Tasman P.

Abstract

In a recent letter, Thomsen and Wernberg (2015) reanalyzed data compiled for our recent paper (Lyons et al. 2014). In that paper, we examined the effects of macroalgal blooms and macroalgal mats on seven important measures of community structure and ecosystem functioning, and explored several ecological and methodological factors that might explain some of the variation in the observed effects. Thomsen and Wernberg (2015) reanalyzed two small subsets of the data, focusing on experimental studies examining effects of blooms/mats on invertebrate abundance. Their analyses revealed two interesting patterns.

Published
2015
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99. Inverse analysis in non-parametric multivariate analyses: distinguishing groups of associated species which covary coherently across samples

Author

Somerfield, Paul J. and Clarke, K. Robert

Subjects
Non-parametric multivariate, Species association, Inverse analysis, R-mode analysis, SIMPROF, Coherence
Abstract

For decades multivariate analysis has been recognised as being appropriate for the analysis and description of complex ecological datasets, such as are routinely generated in studies of biota along gradients in time or space. The main focus of analyses tends to be the description and analysis of patterns among samples and groups of samples. Early applications of multivariate analyses to ecological data also recognised the importance of, and gave equal weight to, understanding how variables (species or taxa, in biotic datasets) varied among samples and groups of samples, but such analyses have inherent difficulties. Among these are the facts that species do not vary independently of each other, that responses of species to gradients may not be monotonic, that there are generally many more species than samples, that abundances vary widely within and among species, and that some species are rare. Although some methods are routinely applied to explore species responses across and among samples to environmental gradients, few explicitly recognise that species do not vary independently. Within a very widely-used framework for the nonparametric multivariate analysis of ecological data we demonstrate how Similarity Profiles (SIMPROF) analysis and other approaches may be combined to analyse associations among species and to visualise those relationships. Type 2 SIMPROF determines whether observed associations could have arisen by chance. Type 3 SIMPROF detects statistically distinct subsets of species which respond to gradients in a coherent manner. How different groups respond is visualised using component line plots (coherent curves). We illustrate the method using a range of datasets. We show how the method discriminates groups of species which respond differently to a single gradient, or respond coherently to different environmental or anthropogenic pressure gradients. We demonstrate how these approaches extend naturally to analyses of other types of multivariate data where the identification of coherent groups of variables is of interest.

Published
2013

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