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At present, the growth of the mining industry is influenced by a high degree of uncertainty in macroeconomic parameters and geopolitical factors. To mitigate potential risks in the current environment, it is important to focus on the development, justification, and selection of strategic alternatives that enable organizations not only to grow over the medium and long term but also to adapt to changes in the external environment. In science, a substantial methodological foundation has been laid for strategic management and corporate planning. However, prevailing methodologies and tools, such as the extended SWOT analysis method, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, the GE-McKinsey matrix, the ADL/LC matrix, and the Ansoff matrix, fail to account for the unique characteristics of companies operating in the mining and processing sectors. This study aims to assess the applicability of matrix-based analysis methods in identifying and developing strategic alternatives for mining and metals companies. It undertakes a comprehensive review of methodological approaches to identifying business development strategies and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods and tools. In pursuit of practical validation, matrix methods are applied to the task of developing strategic alternatives for a company operating in the Arctic region, specifically, Nornickel. The study illuminates the potential and limitations associated with employing these methods to solve management problems. The article gives methodological and practical recommendations aimed at enhancing the utility of matrix-based methods for their effective application in the development of corporate strategies in the mining and metals sector.

Introduction. In view of the course of the disease, patients suffering from pancreatic adenocarcinoma go through all stages of medical care in St. Petersburg. To date, in the available literature, there are no works devoted to the analysis of the types, volumes and outcomes of medical interventions performed in this category of patients. The data obtained from such an analysis can become the basis for the development of algorithms and programs for optimizing the provision of care for patients suffering from this pathology. The objective of the study was to analyze the types of medical interventions for patients suffering from pancreatic cancer in hospitals in St. Petersburg for the period from 2014 to 2020. Methods and materials. The study group consisted of a continuous sampling of data from 2414 cards of patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who applied to medical organizations in St. Petersburg in the period from 2014 to 2020. The provided medical interventions were divided into the following types: radical, symptomatic and palliative treatment. Results. In 69.4 % of patients in the study sample during the initial visit, stage III and IV of the disease were diagnosed. The volumes and methods of treatment differed for different localizations of the tumor node. In patients with a tumor lesion of the head of the pancreas, «symptomatic treatment» was most often used, in patients with localization of the neoplastic process in the body of the pancreas, «diagnostic surgery» was most often performed, in the case of damage to the tail of the pancreas, the main method of treatment was «radical surgery». In federal medical organizations, «symptomatic treatment» was most often performed. In specialized oncological medical organizations of the city, «radical», «symptomatic» and «diagnostic» interventions were performed in the same way. In city multidisciplinary hospitals, «symptomatic treatment» was most often performed. Conclusion. The data obtained should be taken into account when improving and developing new programs for the detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma at early stages. Further monitoring of medical interventions in this category of patients is required.

Introduction. The large fragment of DNA polymerase I from Geobacillus stearothermophilus GIM1.543 (Bst DNA polymerase) possesses 5'-3' DNA polymerase activity, 5'-3' displacement activity and high processivity. These properties make it possible to use Bst DNA polymerase in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which provides highly specific amplification of the target sequence and is used for rapid detection of agents causing human infectious diseases. The purpose of the study was to produce a recombinant Bst polymerase enzyme in the bacterial expression system and to assess its properties for LAMP-based diagnostics of infectious diseases. Materials and methods. Expression constructs carrying the Bst polymerase gene were obtained using genetic engineering techniques. Different Escherichia coli strains were used for protein expression. Metal-chelate and gel filtration chromatography techniques were used for protein purification. Catalytic characteristics of the enzyme were assessed in loop-mediated isothermal amplification reactions using AmpliSens SARS-CoV-2-IT, AmpliSens IAV-IT and AmpliSens IBV-IT diagnostic systems designed for high-quality detection of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza B virus (IBV) RNA, respectively. Results. The offered protocol for production, extraction and purification of recombinant Bst polymerase makes it possible to produce the enzyme in the bacterial expression system using E. coli cells in a soluble form and reaching the yield up to 20% of the total cell mass. In LAMP reactions, the obtained enzyme demonstrates activity comparable with that of the commercial enzyme Bst 2.0 (NEB). Conclusion. Considering the fast purification and production of the enzyme, the obtained recombinant Bst polymerase can be used in LAMP-based diagnostic kits.

The concept of procedural status of participants in criminal proceedings is considered. According to the Criminal Code of Ukraine, participants in criminal proceedings are parties to criminal proceedings, persons who take part in criminal proceedings. A comparison of this definition with specific norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which refer to participants in criminal proceedings, shows that the law includes not only persons involved in criminal proceedings, but also the subjects of criminal procedural activity themselves, i.e. officials and bodies that conduct (investigate) criminal proceedings, etc. The procedure for recognizing a person as a subject of criminal procedural relations established by law is of great importance for ensuring the legality of criminal proceedings and allows to properly protect the interests of persons involved in this field of activity. Ambiguity of understanding and extended interpretation of the reasons for involvement in criminal proceedings, failure to establish a clear procedure for acquiring the relevant status violate the orderliness of procedural activities, which thus reflects on the legitimate interests of the participants in criminal proceedings. Therefore, a formal approach to determining the circle of participants in criminal proceedings should be followed. This approach is able to give such positive results as certainty, stability of the procedural provision, predictability of the behavior of participants in criminal proceedings and the results of their actions, as well as to create a logical and consistent system of mechanisms for the exercise, protection and protection of their rights and legitimate interests.

Background. Low-grade inflammation is currently one of the main risk factors for the development of adverse events in the cardiovascular system, including death from cardiovascular diseases or their complications that cause mortality in the postCOVID period.The aim of the study. To assess the impact of health resort treatment in the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea on clinical and functional parameters, as well as on the level of systemic inflammation in patients after a new coronavirus infection.Materials and methods. The study included 67 patients (54.9 ± 9.05 years) in the post-COVID period who underwent health resort treatment at the I.M. Sechenov Academic Research Institute of Physical Treatment Methods, Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation. Methods of health resort treatment included climatic treatment on the Southern Coast of Crimea, therapeutic breathing exercises, terrainkur, and various methods of respiratory therapy. In all patients, the study of the C-reactive protein (CRP) in peripheral blood upon admission and at discharge was carried out.Results. Despite a statistically significant improvement in most clinical and functional parameters, the level of CRP and the number of leukocytes and their subpopulations in peripheral blood in patients who underwent health resort treatment did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from the baseline values obtained upon admission at the I.M. Sechenov Academic Research Institute of Physical Treatment Methods, Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation. The CRP index upon admission and at discharge corresponded to the lower limit of the interval specific for low-grade inflammation (from 3 to 10 mg/l).Conclusion. Our results indicate the lack of effectiveness of the presented plan of health resort treatment in the correction of low-intensity inflammation, as well as the necessity for deeper scientific research in the direction of studying the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation development and the methods of its management.

Introduction. People in helping professions are more prone to emotional burnout and depression. Even at the university level, future physicians experience an increase in depressed mood. Despite the fact that this problem has been studied quite extensively, the role of socio-cognitive factors has not yet been studied enough. The purpose of this research is to fill this gap and explore the relationship between career anchors and the level of depressed mood among Russian medical students. Materials and Methods. The survey was conducted in 2020 and 2021. The sample of the survey included 864 students of the SSMU named after V. I. Razumovsky. Methods used in the survey: the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), adapted by T. I. Balashova and the diagnosis of career anchors, using Schein’s Career Orientations Inventory (COI) in the adaptation of V. A. Chiker. Data analysis methods: Shapiro‒Wilk and Fligner‒Killeen tests, Wilcoxon‒Mann‒Whitney and Nemenyi tests, and biweightmidcorrelation analysis. The search for predictors of depressed mood was carried out using the method of generalized additive models. Results. Career anchors are predictors of depressed mood. Service orientation and professional competence reduce the severity of depressed mood, while the relationship is non-linear. The desire of students to integrate different areas of their lives and organize the activities of other people is negatively associated with depressed mood, but the relationship is linear. The severity of depressed mood is exacerbated by career anchoring on autonomy. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study contribute to the understanding of the complex relationship between depressiveness and socio-cognitive factors. The results of this study can be instrumental in the development of a set of measures reducing the risk of depression in medical professionals by studying at a university.

Introduction. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is steadily increasing. However, at the same time, even terminal renal failure is not a “verdict”, since there are well-proven methods of renal replacement therapy, the spectrum of which is quite wide. The COVID‑19 pandemic has significantly reduced the cohort of dialysis patients. However, unfortunately, the very fact of the transferred disease has negative consequences in the long term. The purpose of this study was to search for predictors of an unfavorable outcome in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‑19 receiving treatment with programmed hemodialysis. Patients and methods. 62 patients with chronic kidney disease of stage C5 receiving HD treatment were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (41 people) — those who were diagnosed with COVID‑19 and group 2 (21 people) — those who were not. To assess the condition, biochemical parameters of the protocol for the management of dialysis patients, food diaries, and caliperometry were used. Results. The incidence was statistically significantly affected by visceral obesity, insufficient protein intake, excessive fat intake, impaired carbohydrate tolerance, hyperleptinemia and the presence of any cardiovascular disease. During the two-year follow-up, 15 people died. At the same time, there were 14 patients in the group of COVID‑19 patients. Accordingly, mortality in the group of patients without a history of COVID‑19 amounted to 4.7%, in the comparison group — 35%. Conclusion. The most likely cause of high mortality in patients who have undergone COVID‑19 is protein-­energy deficiency. In obese patients, its development may not attract attention for a long time due to the fact that the BMI is in the formally safe range.

The article is devoted to the understanding of transformation of the profession and mission of a university professor in a rapidly changing world. The crisis of the theory of human capital, the return on investment in higher education is increasingly challenged, which leads to the transformation of the university. The career trajectory of a professor has been formed for decades, requires large intellectual, social and labor investments, while the institute of higher education is in a state of constant reform. The university as an institution comes into conflict with the world of uncertainty. Instability runs counter to a long-term commitment to an academic career. The educational process is conservative in nature and is associated with the development of a complex socio-cultural environment. This requires the stability of institutions, and the context is exactly the opposite. Uncertainty is generated by a huge range of forms of agency, among which proprietary agents, such as artificial intelligence, will compete with the professor in the labor market. The article raises questions about the discrepancy between the university and the market of professions, the university and the competencies of graduates, the impact of entrepreneurship and digitalization on the profession, the refraction of the conflict between investment logic and the logic of culture in academic communities. Comparative analysis of statistical data and the situation in advanced countries and Russia shows that this process is universal. Consideration of the professor as a profession determines the possible ways of managing and leveling uncertainty. Liquid modernity makes the profession of a university professor out of proportion to the situation, at most, or radically transforms it, at least in professional, social, and ethical changes.

The paper presents an analysis of scientific research on rehabilitation of persons with disabilities acquired during special military operations. We identified scientific deficiencies in secondary vocational rehabilitation and vocational retraining of these persons. We described main approaches of the concept of professional and psychological rehabilitation in the context of psychophysiological, psychological, professional-pedagogical and socio-environmental directions. The resource potential of educational institutions of higher education is analyzed from the point of view of the effectiveness of the implementation of this concept.

Aim. To study the problem of obesity at the national level.Material and methods. The ESSE-RF3 study examined a representative sample of the population of 15 Russian regions aged 35-74 years with a response >70% (n=28731). Modular design questionnaire was used. The study received approval from the Independent Ethics Committee of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. Signed informed consent was obtained from each participant. Body mass (BM) was measured once with an accuracy of 100 g. The height was measured with an accuracy of 0,5 cm once in a standing position without shoes. Waist circumference was measured with a standard measuring tape with an accuracy of 0,5 cm. There were following BM categories: insufficient (BM index (BMI) 40). Abdominal obesity (AO) was assessed using the following criteria: waist circumference ≥102 cm and ≥88 cm for men and women, respectively. The changes of obesity were studied with the inclusion of materials from the ESSE-RF (2012-14) and ESSE-RF2 (2017) studies, carried out using the same methodology with ESSE-RF3 in the same age range of 35-64 years. Statistical analysis was carried out using the open-source R 3.6.1 environment. Analysis of associations between factors and a binary variable was carried out using the logistic regression method. The significance level for all tested hypotheses was 0,05.Results. Mean BMI values is 28,2±4,6 kg/m2 among men and 28,9±5,9 kg/m2 among women. The prevalence of overweight is 44,0 and 33,7%, obesity — 30,0 and 39,5%, AO — 30,9 and 55,1% among men and women, respectively. In addition, 30,3% have a combination of obesity and AO; obesity and/or AO — 49,1%. Obesity statistics did not significantly change, but in each section the rates are higher among women. The closest associations were found between obesity and hypertension (men: odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 2,88 (2,66-3,12), women: OR 3,03 (2,81-3,27) (p

Aim. To analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression in Russians using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) during the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study. To study the associations of increased levels of anxiety and depression (HADS-A/ HADS-D ≥8+) with demographic and socio-economic characteristics according to the ESSE-RF3 study.Material and methods. In the ESSE-RF3 study, a representative sample of the population of 15 Russian regions aged 35-74 years was examined with a response >70%. After removing respondents with missing data from the analysis, the final sample was 28716 people. The level of anxiety/depression was assessed by the sum of points

Aim. To analyze the prevalence of smoking according to the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study, and compare these data with the previous two stages.Material and methods. Data from following three cross sections of the ESSE-RF study were used: 2013-2014, 2017, 2020-2022. At the first stage, the prevalence and probability of smoking was assessed according to ESSE-RF3 data in 2020-2022 (n=28628, 35-74 years). At the second stage, an analysis was carried out over time using data from all three ESSE-RF sections (n=43804, 35-64 years).Results. In the overall ESSE-RF3 sample, the prevalence of smoking was 17,0% (men — 27,7%, women — 7,6%). Smoking probability varies significantly by sex, age, education level and income. Over time, the standardized prevalence of smoking increases from 25,0% in 20132014 to 26,2% in 2017, and then decreases to 21,5% in 2020-2022. Women are characterized by the same direction of trends, while men had consistent decrease in prevalence from 41,3 to 37,0 and 34,3%, respectively. The probability of smoking in 2017, relative to 20132014, decreases only in some socio-demographic categories of the population. In 2020-2022, a decrease in the probability of smoking is typical for both the general sample and all subgroups of the population.Conclusion. The results obtained characterize the current situation and time trends of the last decade and contain important information on smoking epidemiology in Russia.

At the present time, there is a growing trend of vegetarian diets, even in countries with a traditional Nordic diet.Aim. To study the prevalence and characteristics of vegetarian diets in the Russian population at the present stage.Material and methods. The analysis included data from representative samples of the adult population 25-74 years old, examined within three sections of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study in 20132014, 2017 and 2020-2022. A total of 57351 participants (24862 men and 32489 women) were analyzed. Nutrition assessment was carried out using the frequency method. Restrictive diets include semi-vegetarian, vegetarian and vegan diets. Data are presented as frequencies and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results. The prevalence of restrictive diets in the Russian population according to three sections of the ESSE-RF study was 3,1%. There is an increase in the prevalence of these diets from 2,7% in 2013, to 3,6% in 2017 and 3,3% in 2020-2022. Men are less likely than women to exclude red meat from their diet (OR 0,55 [0,49-0,61], p

Aim. To assess the associations of social and behavioral risk factors with cognitive impairment in the Russian population aged 55-74 years.Material and methods. This study was conducted as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. A total of 13736 participants living in 14 Russian regions were examined. Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score as follows: cognitive impairment was recorded in the total score

Aim. To study the proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors and hospitalization cases of the Russian population for the period 2020-2022, depending on socio-demographic characteristics.Material and methods. The work was performed on random samples of the population aged 35-74 years from 15 regions participating in the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. The examination was carried out from February 2020 to March-April 2022 (n=28718, 47% men).Results. According to a survey of sample participants, the proportion of respondents who had COVID-19 by the spring of 2022 among all surveyed was 26,0%. Among 45-54-year-old respondents, this parameter was maximum (28,0%), while among those aged 65-74-year-old — minimal (22,3%). The following categories of people were more likely to have COVID-19: women (27,9 vs 23,9% of men, p

Aim. To establish reference values of handgrip test for a middle-aged and elderly population (35-74 years), as well as study the association of health characteristics and muscle strength.Material and methods. For the analysis, we used data from the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study, conducted in 2020-2022. The sample was selected similarly to the previous ESSE-RF stages. The sample included 27689 men and women aged 35-74 years from 14 Russian regions. Of the individual variables, the characteristics with the highest evidence level of influence on muscle strength were taken as covariates. Muscle strength was assessed by a handgrip test using a MEGEON 34090 device with an accuracy of 0,1 kg. Three measurements were taken for each arm in a standing position, and the maximum value was used in the analysis. Normative sex-specific handgrip test values were established regardless of age: a participant's handgrip value was considered reduced if it was 2 standard deviations below the average value of participants at the age with the best/highest scores.Results. The average handgrip test values for the entire male sample were 43,4±11,1 kg, while for the female sample — 27,6±6,1 kg. In men under 53 years of age, muscle strength decreases at a rate of 0,12 kg/year, then the decline accelerates to 0,48 kg/year. In women under 45,5 years of age, a slight and insignificant increase in muscle strength was detected by 0,02 kg/year, and after 45,5 years, handgrip value falls at a rate of 0,2 kg/year. Therefore, both men and women lose 1,3% of muscle strength per year to year and the decline rate do not differ. The peak age can be considered 35 years old, since at this age, the average muscle strength in men and women is 47,6±11,5 and 29,2±5,7 kg, respectively, and the calculated norm (M–2SD) for men was 47,6–2´11,5≈24 kg using rounding down, and for women it was 29,2– 2´5,7≈17 kg. With age, as expected, the proportion of people of both sexes with a metabolic syndrome level below the threshold increases, reaching 7,5% after 65 years. Multivariate regression analysis showed that, taking into account adjustments for covariates, for every 10 years, muscle strength decreases by an average of 3,1 kg in men and by 1,7 kg in women. Negative associations of metabolic syndrome with inflammation markers (fibrinogen and C-reactive protein) and noncommunicable diseases are also significant, but only men have significantly lower rates of metabolic syndrome in the presence of anxiety and depression, low income and urban residence.Conclusion. The use of handgrip test in any age range during medical examinations or preventive examinations of the adult population and informing primary care specialists about the results obtained can help improve the general health of the population.

Aim. To analyze alcohol consumption according to the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study and compare these data with the previous two ESSE-RF sections.Material and methods. Data from following cross-sectional sections of the ESSE-RF study were used: 2013-2014, 2017, 2020-2022. At the first stage, alcohol consumption was assessed according to ESSE-RF3 data in 2020-2022, conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (n=28685, 35-74 years). At the second stage, a comparison of all three sections of the ESSE-RF study was carried out (n=42043, 35-64 years). Alcohol consumption was divided into those not drinking alcohol, those drinking alcohol little or moderately (

Aim. To study the epidemiological characteristics and changes of hypertension (HTN), as well as factors associated with HTN in the Russian population aged 35-74 years.Material and methods. The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study examined a representative sample of the population aged 35-74 years of 15 Russian regions with a response >70% (n=28611). Modular design questionnaire was used. Blood pressure (BP) was measured twice after a 5-minute rest in a sitting position on the right arm with an Omron blood pressure monitor. There were following criteria for hypertension: systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg, and/or antihypertensive therapy. The effectiveness of treatment was considered the proportion (%) of people who achieved target blood pressure values among those being treated, while the control was considered the proportion (%) of patients with a BP

Aim. To study levels and types of physical activity, as well as its individual socio-demographic and seasonal determinants in the Russian population according to the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study.Material and methods. Data from the ESSE-RF2 (2017) and ESSERF3 (2020-2022) was used. The sample included 28731 men and women aged 35-74 from 15 regions. The level of physical activity was assessed using the Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). The following socio-economic and demographic characteristics were taken as covariates: sex, age, place of residence (urban and rural), level of education, marital status, work characteristics, income level, season of the year. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp. USA).Results. The study showed that 27,4% of the sample have insufficient physical activity. Among the low physical activity category, there are more women than men (28,12 vs 26,7%, p

Aim. To assess the prevalence of psychological stress (PS) using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) in various Russian regions and to analyze PS associations with socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors and some non-communicable diseases (NCDs).Material and methods. We studied representative samples of the population aged 35-74 years in the Russian regions, examined as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. The subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire containing a section on the psychological stress — PSS-10. For men, PS levels are ranked as follows: "Low" — 0-11, "Medium" — 12-17, "High" — 18-40. For women, PS levels are ranked as follows: "Low" — 0-13, "Medium" — 14-19, "High" — 20-40. Statistical analysis was carried out using the open-source R 3.6.1 environment.Results. The average PS level was 12,0±7,3 (men: 10,7±7,0; women: 13,1±7,4). Every fifth person (20,3%) in the Russian population has a high PS level, with higher PS rates among women compared to men (high PS level — 21,6 vs 18,9%, respectively). A high PS level was associated with the income level (average or low), no marriage, unemployment, low level of physical activity, depression, anxiety, NCDs (type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke), additionally for women — hypertension.Conclusion. The Russian population is characterized by a high PS prevalence, while PS rates are higher among women, which must be taken into account when predicting the NCD risks.

Aim. To study the prevalence of dyslipidemias and their association with various risk factors in the Russian population of men and women aged 35-74 years in 2020-2022.Material and methods. This work was carried out as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. The sample included 28731 men and women aged 35-74 years living in 15 Russian regions. Hypercholesterolemia (HC) was diagnosed with total cholesterol (TC) ≥5,0 mmol/l, while elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was considered ≥3,0 mmol/l, hypertriglyceridemia — with triglyceride levels ≥1,7 mmol/l, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

Aim. To assess adherence to a healthy lifestyle depending on the individual and socio-economic characteristics of the Russian population (according to the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study), followed by a comparative analysis with ESSE-RF2 (2017).Material and methods. The analysis was carried out based on research data from ESSE-RF2 in 2017 and ESSE-RF3 in 2020-2022. The healthy lifestyle adherence index included following parameters: no smoking; sufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits; physical activity; no excessive salt intake and alcohol abuse. Three following categories of adherence to a healthy lifestyle were analyzed: high, satisfactory, low. From individual variables, individual socio-economic characteristics with the highest evidence level of influence on healthy lifestyle were taken.Results. In the ESSE-RF3 sample, 47,2% of respondents had low adherence to a healthy lifestyle, 37,2% — satisfactory, and 15,6% — high. Women are more committed to healthy behavior compared to the male population — 19,6 vs 11,1% (p

Aim. To analyze availability and affordability of alcoholic beverages in Russian cities.Material and methods. We assessed the actual state of urban infrastructure in the Arkhangelsk, Tver and Sverdlovsk regions. Data were collected in three districts of Arkhangelsk, three districts of Tver, three districts of Yekaterinburg and Revda, where participants of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study (2021) lived. The study objects were elements of the city infrastructure where alcoholic beverages were sold. To assess the infrastructure, special software was developed to collect and analyze the necessary data using Open Street Maps. Data were collected from January to March 2022.Results. In total, 1180 alcohol-selling outlets were identified in the study areas: in Arkhangelsk — 450, in Yekaterinburg and Revda — 444, and in Tver — 286. Mainly alcoholic beverages in Sverdlovsk and Tver regions can be purchased in the alcohol section of a grocery store (n=260, 58,6% and n=185, 41,4%, respectively), and in the Arkhangelsk region — in a specialized liquor stores (n=263, 58,4%). The median number of alcohol stores located within a radius of 1000 m from the place of residence of the ESSE-RF3 participant was 33, and within a radius of 400 meters — 8. In Arkhangelsk, the alcohol was sold in a grocery store located in the same building as the college branch. In the Sverdlovsk region, the nearest alcohol store was located at a distance of 50 m from the kindergarten, in the Tver region — 44 m from the college. A 0,5 liter bottle of vodka was sold below the price floor in 55,1% of specialized liquor stores in the Sverdlovsk region and in 66,8% of such liquor stores in the Tver region.Conclusion. As a result of the study, availability and affordability of alcoholic beverages in Arkhangelsk, Tver, Yekaterinburg and Revda was assessed. The findings reflect the high availability of alcohol and indicate the need for interventions at both the national and local government levels. The used method of collecting and analyzing data demonstrated sufficient research effectiveness and can be recommended for wider use.

Aim. To study the relationship of the density and proximity of tobacco products (TPs) and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) with increased levels of depression, anxiety and stress among the population in 3 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Material and methods. The work used data from the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study in 3 Russian regions (Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk and Tver regions) among the population aged 35-64 years (n=1674), who signed a consent to participate in the study. We analyzed data on the status of smoking and consumption of ENDS, passive smoking, attempts to quit smoking, as well as the presence of depression, anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score ≥8) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) >21). Elements of urban infrastructure (data collection: January-March 2022) selling TPs and ENDS were assessed using aт OpenStreetMap-based program. Associations were established using logistic regression analysis.Results. With a twofold increase in the distance of TP and ENDS outlets from the place of residence, the depression probability was reduced by 13% (odds ratio (OR) 0,87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0,79-0,96) and by 12% (OR 0,88; 95% CI: 0,78-0,99), respectively. With increase in distance from of TP outlets, the anxiety decreased probability by 12% (OR 0,88; 95% CI: 0,81-0,97). With an increase in the number of TP outlets within a radius of 1000 m from the place of residence, there were an increase in the probability of depression (OR 1,18; 95% CI: 1,031,36), anxiety (OR 1,12; 95% CI: 1-1,26) and stress (OR 1,24; 95% CI: 1,05-1,46). A greater number of ENDS outlets within a radius of 1000 m and 400 m was associated with a high likelihood of depression (OR 1,17; 95% CI: 1,02-1,34 and OR 1,25; 95% CI: 1,04-1,47, respectively). An increased depression probability was found in those exposed to tobacco smoke at home (OR 1,88; 95% CI: 1,27-2,73) and at work (OR 1,67; 95% CI: 1,14-2,41). An increase in the number of attempts to quit smoking doubles the odds of depression (OR 2,40; 95% CI: 1,35-4,23) and anxiety (OR 2,00; 95% CI: 1,18-3,38).Conclusion. Unfavorable environmental factors, including the proximity and density of TP and ENDS outlets, can increase the probability of depression, anxiety and stress among the population living in these areas.

Aim. To assess the compliance of the management of patients with heart failure (HF) with quality criteria (QC) for health care, including discharge instructions for patients.Material and methods. Hospitalizations of patients aged over 18 years with HF (ICD 10 code — I50.x) during the period from January 1, 2019 to October 1, 2020 were randomly selected from the "Chronic Heart Failure" registry of St. Petersburg. Discharge and post-mortem summaries were assessed for compliance with the quality criteria listed in the 2020 Russian Chronic Heart Failure guidelines.Results. The study included 553 patients (women, 71,1%, mean age, 82,0±9 years, comorbidities: hypertension — 99,1%, coronary artery disease — 97,6%, chronic kidney disease — 53,2%, diabetes — 32,6%). Electrocardiography (QC № 1) was performed in 94,2% of patients, chest radiography (QC № 2) 91,7%, echocardiography (QC № 3) — 81,0%, but the results were not always informative. The exact ejection fraction (EF) value was reported in 55,4% of patients. Laboratory examination corresponded to QC № 4-6 in 20,3% of cases and was performed in 53,3-94,9%. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) were not determined (QC № 7-0%).The completeness of intravenous therapy (QC № 8) was not assessed due to insufficient physical examination data.Oral therapy (QC № 9) was prescribed frequently as follows: renin-angiotensinaldosterone system inhibitors (RAASo) — 93,3%, beta blockers (BBs) — 85,4%, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) — 78,7%. However, triple RAAS+BB+MRA therapy was carried out in 54,1% of HF cases with EF

Background: This study investigated the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of various types and ages of grape wines and the correlation these spectra presented with their phenolic constituents. Firstly, the differences in UV spectra were characterized for different wine samples, depending on their type and age. Methods: The following methods were used in this study: ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry, Folin–Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method, high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Then, it was demonstrated that for identically aged wines, the 280 nm absorbance is proportional to the concentration of phenolic compounds, as determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Next, an investigation was conducted into the absorption coefficients of different phenolic classes commonly found in grapes and wine. Finally, the range in variation of phenolic compounds in various types of grape wines was established. Conclusions: This work provides a methodological approach to rapidly determine the concentration of phenolic compounds in wines using UV spectroscopy, provided that their age is known. As UV spectrophotometers are available in nearly all laboratories, this may provide a cheaper and faster alternative to current methods, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Introduction: The 30–50% non-response rate to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) calls for improved patient selection and optimized pacing lead placement. The study aimed to develop a novel technique using patient-specific cardiac models and machine learning (ML) to predict an optimal left ventricular (LV) pacing site (ML-PS) that maximizes the likelihood of LV ejection fraction (LVEF) improvement in a given CRT candidate. To validate the approach, we evaluated whether the distance DPS between the clinical LV pacing site (ref-PS) and ML-PS is associated with improved response rate and magnitude.Materials and methods: We reviewed retrospective data for 57 CRT recipients. A positive response was defined as a more than 10% LVEF improvement. Personalized models of ventricular activation and ECG were created from MRI and CT images. The characteristics of ventricular activation during intrinsic rhythm and biventricular (BiV) pacing with ref-PS were derived from the models and used in combination with clinical data to train supervised ML classifiers. The best logistic regression model classified CRT responders with a high accuracy of 0.77 (ROC AUC = 0.84). The LR classifier, model simulations and Bayesian optimization with Gaussian process regression were combined to identify an optimal ML-PS that maximizes the ML-score of CRT response over the LV surface in each patient.Results: The optimal ML-PS improved the ML-score by 17 ± 14% over the ref-PS. Twenty percent of the non-responders were reclassified as positive at ML-PS. Selection of positive patients with a max ML-score >0.5 demonstrated an improved clinical response rate. The distance DPS was shorter in the responders. The max ML-score and DPS were found to be strong predictors of CRT response (ROC AUC = 0.85). In the group with max ML-score > 0.5 and DPS< 30 mm, the response rate was 83% compared to 14% in the rest of the cohort. LVEF improvement in this group was higher than in the other patients (16 ± 8% vs. 7 ± 8%).Conclusion: A new technique combining clinical data, personalized heart modelling and supervised ML demonstrates the potential for use in clinical practice to assist in optimizing patient selection and predicting optimal LV pacing lead position in HF candidates for CRT.

Aim. This study aims to assess the incidence of heart failure (HF) and associated mortality, and also the burden on the healthcare system in the subjects of Russian Federation, based on the HF encoding data.Material and methods. We made a structured request for the number of patients with HF and the number of cases of providing medical care in 2019. HF was understood to mean the presence of at least one of the codes I09.9, I11.0, I13.0, I13.2, I25.5, I42.0, I42.5, I42.6, I42.7, I42.8, I42.9, I43.0, I43.1, I43.2, I43.8, I50.X (expanded encoding) according to International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. The code I50.X was considered separately (the standard HF enconding).Results. The information about the incidence of HF, associated mortality and burden on the healthcare system was obtained from 15 subjects (53,6% from those that gave the data according to the request; the adult population is 18,9% from total adult population of Russian Federation). We noted significant heterogeneity between the regions. The median of the incidence of HF and associated mortality was 2,6 and 3,2% in accordance with the data of the expanded encoding, and 0,21 and 11,3% — according to the standard HF encoding. The presence of the code I50.x was observed in average in 9,4% of all cases of HF and defined the patients who frequently used emergency medical services and were frequently hospitalized (60 (18, 96) and 48 (20, 137) cases per 100 patients versus 9 (5, 24) and 17 (10, 70) cases in the expanded encoding).Conclusion. According to the encoding, the indicators of the incidence of HF and associated mortality vary greatly between the regions, the median values are 2,6 and 3,2% in expanded and 0,21 and 11,3% in standard approaches. In the standard encoding, there were more frequent use of emergency medical services and less number of outpatient visits. The development and introduction of a unified approach to encoding and recording the cases of HF will provide obtaining objective statistical data and using them for management decisions.