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Cable driven parallel manipulator (CDPM) is a special class of parallel manipulator in which the rigid extensible links are replaced by actuated cables. It is necessary to take into consideration the cable dynamics, i.e.; its mass, flexibility and curved shape for manipulating a long-span CDPM. These terms complicate governing equation of motion in a way that special tactic are applied for simulation and solving this problem. Flexibility and mass of cables impose vibration and error in path trajectory planning. Effect of varying stiffness in precise performance of CDPM is surveyed. The cables are modelled, in ADAMS software to illustrate the dynamical behaviours of the manipulator for comparison with the simulated results. Moreover, an algorithm is developed to study the effects of velocity and acceleration of the end-effector on the dynamics of CDPMs. Moreover it is shown that the evolutionary computing algorithms are so effective in solving complicated nonlinear dynamic path trajectory planning. Simulations for different trajectories of two CDPMs are included to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water treatment is performed using some conventional processes including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation (clarification), and filtration. Due to the importance of clarification unit in potable water treatment, extensive studies on its advantages and disadvantages elucidate new horizons for evaluation of Accelerator and Pulsator. In this study, four water treatment plants in Tehran were compared with each other in terms of physical and chemical analysis, effluent water from clarifier unit, and effluent of treated water during 6 months from June to October 2012. Results showed the average turbidity in all plants is below standard except the plant No. 5. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency was undesirable in the both clarification systems (Accelator and Pulsator). On the other hand, TOC removal in Pulsator unit was monitored 40% more than that in Accelator unit. The TDS level was increased during the time period; however, the level lied down standard level. Pulsator is more efficient than Accelator in iron removal. The level of effluent iron in Accelator is more than that in Pulsator referring to iron escape from Accelator. Effluent iron in both systems is lower than the standard values. According to the consumption of chemical coagulants and coagulant aids, Accelator system consumes more than that of Pulsator system thus adding to the overall associated costs of the system. Effluent water in pulsator systems offer better quality than Accelator systems. Moreover, Pulsator system showed better resistance against qualitative and quantitative shocks on raw water. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A three-generation resource population was developed using two distinct Japanese quail strains, wild and white, to map quantitative trait loci underlying hatching weight and growth traits. Eight pairs of white and wild birds were crossed reciprocally and 34 F1 birds were produced. The F1 birds were intercrossed to generate 422 F2 offspring. All of the animals from three generations (472 birds) were genotyped for eight microsatellite markers on chromosome 1. Liveweight data from hatch to 5 weeks of age were collected on the F2 birds. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted applying the line-cross model and the least-squares interval mapping approach. The results indicated QTL affecting hatching weight and several growth related traits on chromosome 1. The F2 phenotypic variance explained by the detected additive QTL effects ranged from 1.0 to 3.7 for different traits. Modelling both additive and dominance QTL effects revealed additional QTL with significant dominance mode of action affecting pre-slaughter weight. However, there was no evidence for imprinting (parent-of-origin) effects. The variance due to the reciprocal cross effect ranged between 3.0 and 19.1% for weight at 1 week of age and hatching weight, respectively. Genetic mapping of loci underlying economic traits in Japanese quail is of great interest both for biologists and animal breeders. The results of this study indicated significant regions on chromosome 1 affecting hatching weight and growth-related traits. These results pave the way for future gene discovery in Japanese quail as an animal model species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important benefits of a forest, which can be considered over the revenue yielded from timber and other wood based products, is the recreational benefits for visitors. Considering the novelty and necessity of evaluating bio-environmental economics of forest parks in developing countries such as Iran, the present study will focus on the evaluation of the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for a northern Iranian Forest park (Abbas Abad-Behshahr as a case study) utilizing one of the worldwide common methods of evaluation (Travel Cost Method). Based on the method, the park was considered as the centre of the fivefold region as concentric circles. The number of visitors was determined using questionnaires and the park’s value was determined by estimation of the visitors access cost using Travel Cost Method. Furthermore, the economic value extracted timber products of the neighbouring forestry plan was reckoned. The calculated factor was then compared to the economic value of the park. As a result, the park’s recreational value was judged to be much more than produced timber values. Therefore, it is concluded that the unparalleled natural, historical and bio-environmental values of the park would be preserved by planning an appropriate and well- programmed management system, considering the unique conditions of the Park. Thus, it can fulfil the recreational requirements of the people in the local/national scale.

Bovine theileriosis is important disease in tropical and subtropical areas with great economic losses in livestock husbandry in Iran. The aim of study was to assess the prevalence of Theileria annulata infection in cattle and Hyalomma species of Kermanshah Province, Iran. A number of 138 blood samples were randomly taken from examined cattle. The genomic DNA was extracted and PCR was performed to specifically amplify a 721-bp-long fragment of the 30 Kilo Dalton major merozoite surface antigen (30 KDa msa) of T. annulata. The amplified products were digested with TaqI, Rasl, and AluI restriction enzymes. Overall prevalence was 9.44% (13/138) with lymphadnopathy (1.17%) and pale mucosal membrane (1.9%) in Holstein cattle aged

Background: The high psychological burden of rape, together with complications such as pregnancy and chronic conditions, is associated with an increase in mental disorders. Social cognitive theory (SCT) is an important health theory that views behavior as dynamic and influenced by environmental, behavioral and individual factors. The aim of the present research is to determine the effect of an educational intervention on post-traumatic stress disorder and social cognitive theory constructs in women who have experienced sexual assault., Methods/design: This study is randomized, double-blind clinical trial research that will be conducted on 40 women with experience of sexual. In this research, by the intervention program based on social cognitive theory include" awareness, self-efficacy, outcome expectations and environment. Written consent will be obtained from the participants to participate in the research. Participants in the intervention group will be taught about health, hygiene, psychology and stress reduction methods in group or individual sessions according to their preference in 6 sessions of 60 min each, one session per week. A post-test will be conducted for both groups., Discussion: This study provides comprehensive data on the effect of providing an educational intervention using the social cognition Theory. Social cognitive theory focuses on how patterns of behavior are learned and how they function in interaction between the individual and the environment. It seems that the use of this theory in designing the content of educational interventions can be useful and practical., Trial Registration: The trial is prospectively recorded at the IRCT registry (Trial ID: IRCT20230926059526N1. Date recorded: 18/10/2023., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of M technique massage on behavioral state and weight gain in preterm neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This was a randomized controlled trial study in which a total of 64 preterm neonates were randomly allocated to intervention and control group. Intervention group received M technique massage and control group received routine care. Neonatal weight and behavioral state were measured for two weeks. After intervention, no statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of neonatal weight (mean difference: 44.03, 95% CI [-180.66, 268.74]). At baseline, the mean score for behavioral state response was 5.84 ± 2.20 (mean ± SD) in control group and 5.68 ± 2.15 (mean ± SD) in intervention group and the difference was not significant (mean difference: 0.16, 95% CI [-1.21, 1.52]), but 2 weeks later, and also, after intervention, a statistically significant difference was found between groups (mean difference: 2.16, 95% CI [1.19, 3.17]) and (mean difference: 3.03, 95% CI [2.15, 3.91]), respectively, meaning that it was significantly lower in intervention group compared with control group. According to the findings, massage with M technique in premature neonates can have a positive effect on behavioral state, but no effect on their weight gain., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Clinical decision-making and biomedical research heavily rely on imaging techniques to visualize tissue morphology. To examine tissues in detail, it is necessary to use special histochemical stains to enhance contrast. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of these stains in diagnosing oral pathologic specimens. We conducted a search in 8 databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Ovid, Cinahl, and Cochrane, up to June 2022. Of 87,393 studies, 41 articles were selected for inclusion in our study. The results revealed that the specificity and sensitivity of the special histochemical stains were 86% with confidence interval (CI) 95%: 80%-90% and 83% with CI 95%: 75%-89%, respectively. Among the stains evaluated, toluidine blue, Papanicolaou, silver stain, Giemsa, Gram, feulgen, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) were the most frequently used for the detection of malignancy, premalignant lesions, dysplasia, and candidiasis. The specificity and sensitivity of each stain were analyzed individually, considering the type of specimen. Toluidine blue was the most commonly utilized special histochemical stain, particularly effective, for detecting malignancy, with a specificity of 97% with CI 95%: 88%-99% and sensitivity of 76% with CI 95%: 56%-89%. In conclusion, special histochemical stains are effective in diagnosing oral lesions, exhibiting reasonable specificity and sensitivity, especially in cases of premalignant and malignant lesions. Based on the reviewed articles in our study, the silver stain was identified as highly sensitive, while Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain exhibited the highest specificity., Competing Interests: The authors of this manuscript declare that they have no conflicts of interest, real or perceived, financial or non-financial in this article., (Copyright: © 2024 Dental Research Journal.)

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with an unpredictable course of recurrent exacerbations alternating with more stable disease. SLE is characterized by broad immune activation and autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA and numerous proteins that exist in cells as aggregates with nucleic acids, such as Ro60, MOV10, and the L1 retrotransposon-encoded ORF1p., Results: Here we report that these 3 proteins are co-expressed and co-localized in a subset of SLE granulocytes and are concentrated in cytosolic dots that also contain DNA: RNA heteroduplexes and the DNA sensor ZBP1, but not cGAS. The DNA: RNA heteroduplexes vanished from the neutrophils when they were treated with a selective inhibitor of the L1 reverse transcriptase. We also report that ORF1p granules escape neutrophils during the extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and, to a lesser degree, from neutrophils dying by pyroptosis, but not apoptosis., Conclusions: These results bring new insights into the composition of ORF1p granules in SLE neutrophils and may explain, in part, why proteins in these granules become targeted by autoantibodies in this disease., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including heterogenous populations with phenotypic and functional diversity that coordinate bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (STAT) factors as key proteins in cytokine signaling were shown to play distinct roles in the maturation and antigen presentation of DCs and play a pivotal role in modulating immune responses mediated by DCs such as differentiation of T cells to T helper (Th) 1, Th2 or regulatory T (Treg) cells. This review sheds light on the importance of STAT transcription factors' signaling pathways in different subtypes of DCs and highlights their targeting potential usages for improving DC-based immunotherapies for patients who suffer from cancer or diverse autoimmune conditions according to the type of the STAT transcription factor and its specific activating or inhibitory agent.