Search

Abstract A two‐degrees‐of‐freedom (2DOF) dual‐rotor axial‐flux induction motor (2DOF‐DRAFIM) is proposed with independent movement capability of rotors and its performance is evaluated in detail. First, using the analytical equations, the steady‐state model of the motor is presented and the electrical equivalent circuit is extracted along with an electromagnetic design algorithm for the proposed motor. In the next step, using two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional finite element modelling (FEM), the performance of the proposed motor is investigated. The results of the experimental measurements on the manufactured prototype confirm the validity of the results of theoretical modelling and finite element simulations. The proposed structure provides some unique features. One of the fascinating behaviours of the proposed 2DOF‐DRAFIM is that the higher‐speed rotor produces higher output torque and the lower‐speed rotor has lower torque. In this regard, the 2DOF structure can be considered a potential concept for electric vehicles (EVs) without needing a conventional mechanical differential.

Abstract Background Low back pain (LBP) is a multifactorial disorder associated with a high range of physical and psychological burden on the society. Patient-led goal-setting approach has shown potential effects for improving chronic LBP. However, there are few studies investigating its benefits when combined with a supplementary intervention. This paper, therefore, presents a protocol for a randomized control trial (RCT) to study the effect of a patient-led goal-setting approach combined with pain neuroscience education (PNE) or manual therapy (MT) among patients with chronic LBP. Methods A total of 105 patients suffering from chronic LBP will be recruited via flyers displayed in hospitals and universities, and those meeting the study’s criteria will randomly be allocated into a patient-led goal-setting approach with the PNE group, and/or with the MT program group, and/or a control group. The primary outcomes will be the pain intensity and disability. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress, fear avoidance beliefs, kinesophobia, pain self-efficacy, catastrophic pain, neurophysiology of pain, and central sensitivity. All the outcomes will be recorded at 2 months after receiving the treatment as post-test sessions and after 4 and 12 months as follow-up sessions. The Ethics Committee in Research at Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran approved the protocol of this trial (IR.SSRC.REC.1400.084). Written, informed consent to participate will be obtained from all participants. All methods will be conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. We will disseminate the findings through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations and send them to the participants. Discussion This trial will demonstrate which supplementary intervention can better improve the impact of a patient-led goal-setting approach to treat LBP. If successful, the results will potentially have implications for athletic trainers, physiotherapists, and health care practitioners. Trial registration IRCT Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20210927052616N1. Registered on November 03, 2021.

Background and purpose: Gingivitis is an inflammatory disease of the gums caused by accumulation of dental plaque. It can become a chronic periodontal disease if plaque spread below the gum line. The most common pathogens that contribute to periodontal disease include Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Candida albicans. Due to the side effects of common treatment by chlorhexidine mouthwash, novel treatments to fight such microbes are much of interest. This study aimed at comparing the antimicrobial effect of herbal mouthwash containing the extracts of nut-grass and thyme and chlorhexidine mouthwash on common periodontal pathogens. Materials and methods: First, Cyperus rotundus and Thymus vulgaris were collected, powdered, and the hydro alcoholic extract of the mixture of two plants and the methanol extract of each plant were taken. Then, a mouthwash containing combined extract of the two plants was prepared using different exipients. To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the extracts, S. mutans, S. pyogenes, and C. albicans were used. After determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the effect of mouthwash on S. mutans biofilm formation and degradation was investigated. Results: The MIC of the mouthwash formulation against S. mutans, S. pyogenes, and C. albicans were 0.625, 0.039, and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively. The MBC of the mouthwash for each microorganism was 1.25, 0.078, and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The herbal mouthwash significantly inhibited biofilm formation compared to the positive control (P0.05). Findings showed no significant difference in biofilm destruction between the herbal mouthwash and the positive control (P>0.05). Conclusion: The prepared herbal mouthwash showed significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects, and was much more effective in preventing biofilm formation than the standard treatment by chlorhexidine.

Abstract The tumor microenvironment is overwhelmingly dictated by macrophages, intimately affiliated with tumors, exercising pivotal roles in multiple processes, including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix reconfiguration, cellular proliferation, metastasis, and immunosuppression. They further exhibit resilience to chemotherapy and immunotherapy via meticulous checkpoint blockades. When appropriately stimulated, macrophages can morph into a potent bidirectional component of the immune system, engulfing malignant cells and annihilating them with cytotoxic substances, thus rendering them intriguing candidates for therapeutic targets. As myelomonocytic cells relentlessly amass within tumor tissues, macrophages rise as prime contenders for cell therapy upon the development of chimeric antigen receptor effector cells. Given the significant incidence of macrophage infiltration correlated with an unfavorable prognosis and heightened resistance to chemotherapy in solid tumors, we delve into the intricate role of macrophages in cancer propagation and their promising potential in confronting four formidable cancer variants—namely, melanoma, colon, glioma, and breast cancers.

Background: Large-volume paracentesis is the preferred treatment for patients with severe and refractory ascites. Several complications were reported during therapeutical paracentesis. However, there are very few published studies on the change in blood cell count after paracentesis. This study aimed to evaluate any changes in blood cell counts after ascites fluid drainage. Methods: This study was conducted on patients with severe ascites and chronic liver disease who underwent large-volume paracentesis at Namazi Hospital, in Shiraz, Iran, between March 2021 and February 2022. A data gathering form containing the patient’s medical history, cause of cirrhosis, ascites fluid volume, as well as routine tests including primarily sodium, potassium, and basal creatinine, was filled out. Before and after the surgery, the total blood cell count was measured. Before the procedure, adjustment was made in the case of coagulopathy and albumin deficiency. The effect of factors such as the volume of drained fluid, splenomegaly, antibiotics, and steroid use was assessed on the changes in the number of blood cells. Using the JAMOVI 2.3.9 software, a paired t test and multiple regression were applied for statistical analysis (P0.001).Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that children with tense ascites who had large-volume paracentesis might experience a sharp drop in blood cell count after the procedure, which was a transient physiological condition.

BACKGROUND: Oncology nurses are confronted with various occupational hazards; consequently, it is of great importance to identify and measure their occupational health needs. Due to the fact that standard tools are not available to assess these needs, this study was conducted to develop a tool for assessing oncology nurses’ occupational health needs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study consisted of two phases from 2020 to 2021. The first phase was item generation and tool design. The initial development of the item pool was based on the result of the qualitative study and literature search. The second phase was item reduction and psychometric evaluation of the formulated tool including, face, content, and construct validity and reliability. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity with the participation of 300 oncology nurses. The reliability of the tool was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test-retest (intra-cluster correlation coefficient). RESULTS: The mean content validity index (CVI) of the tool was 0.95. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that this tool consisted of 69 items and four factors, explaining 65.88% of the variance. The results of the convergent validity assessment showed a significant positive correlation between the mean scores of occupational health needs and occupational stress (P < 0.0001 and r = 0.40). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.98) and tool stability (0.98) confirmed the appropriate reliability of the tool. CONCLUSION: The developed tool is recommended as a valid and reliable tool for assessing oncology nurses’ occupational health needs that can be used both in practice and in future studies.

The present study was conducted for developing and validating the Hardiness Based Parenting Behaviors Questionnaire (HBPBQ) for parents of children aged between 7 and 12. Based on a mixed-method approach, the research was carried out through the course of multiple stages. In the item development stage, items were generated by applying deductive and inductive methods. In Study 1, the exploratory factor analysis was evaluated, while Study 2 examined the construct validity of the questionnaire. Selected based on a convenience sampling method, a total of 663 parents made up the sample size of the two studies. In the item development section, three higher-order themes and 13 sub-themes were identified. In Study 1, the results of the exploratory factor analysis demonstrated a three-factor model (responsive interaction, empowering participation, and learning-oriented support) that is consistent with the existing research literature on hardiness. In Study 2, CFA results confirmed the factorial validity of the HBPBQ. The results also demonstrated that HBPBQ shows acceptable reliability and construct validity. Findings indicate that the 37-item HBPBQ can be applied in assessing parents' hardiness behaviors. However, further research is needed on the dimensions and application of the questionnaire in other cultures., Author(s): Fariba Soheili [sup.1] , Simin Hosseinian [sup.1] , Abbas Abdollahi [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411354.6, 0000 0001 0097 6984, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, AlzahraUniversity, , [...]

One of the most important eras in the development of Iran’s art and architecture, especially in the format of murals, is the Qajar era. The dominant attributes of this period are relations with the West and adopting its culture and art. Qajar’s mural art was represented in different buildings, including houses. Nasir al-Mulk House of Shiraz is one of the buildings of the Qajar era, and in its Shahneshin Hall, there are prominent and diverse ceiling paintings. Given that the existing paintings on the ceilings of this building provide a combination of Iranian and Western concepts and contents, the comparative study of their motifs becomes significant both for a better understanding of the visual and topical approaches of the ceiling painting art of the Qajar and also to fill the gap of the comparative information in this field.The ceiling painting of the aforementioned building was studied to answer the following question: What contents and representations do these paintings imply based on the iconographical comparative analysis?This research aims to identify, study, and carry out a comparative evaluation of the motifs in the ceiling of the Nasir al-Mulk House based on the iconography method.In addition to the library studies, this research was supplemented by data from field investigations, including in-site examination, documenting the paintings, and also describing and explaining them.The results of this research provoke the readers’ attention not only to the existing motifs in each mural but also to their latent concepts. The semantic perspective of the art of this era discloses the fact that despite the imitation and separation from originality, this art reached an individual identity that could be named as Qajar style. In the end, this research was an endeavor to provide a deep understanding of the existing concepts in the murals of this era in Shiraz and to discover the ontological viewpoints of individuals in this period.

Background and purpose: Pain is one of the most common problems after hysterectomy which causes long-term complications in postoperative recovery or delayed recovery. Today, there is a lot of tendency toward complementary medicine, including massage, to reduce the side effects of drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot massage on postoperative pain after hysterecxtomy. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 60 eligible hysterectomy patients. They were selected by convenience sampling at Tehran Shariati Hospital and Tehran Valiasr Hospital and divided into two groups using simple random allocation (n=30 per group) in 2017. In intervention group, foot massage was given for 20 minutes daily on two consecutive days after the operation, while the control group received routine care. Visual analog scale was used to measure pain intensity before the intervention and 24 hr after the intervention and also five days after the surgery. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test. Results: We observed significant differences in the mean scores for pain intensity before the intervention and 24 hr after the intervention between the intervention group (2.01±0.41) and the control group (0.47±0.21) (P

Micro-morphological characteristics of leaves such as stomata and trichomes are reliable indicators of plant response to environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the adaptation strategies of 10 woody species growing in semi-arid Zagros forests in western Iran based on leaf microstructures, focusing on trichomes and stomata using light and scanning electron microscopy. Different types of trichomes and stomata were recognized. Stomata were generally more visible on the abaxial sides of leaves, a feature that helps reduce water loss from leaf surfaces exposed to direct airflow and radiation. Trichomes were classified into two different types: glandular trichomes and non-glandular trichomes with subgroups such as solitary, two-armed T-shaped unicellular, crypt, hooked hairs with cystoliths, fasciculate, stellate, long coiled, tufted stellate, long multiradiate, short bristles with cystoliths, peltate scales, and dendritic hairs. The abundance of trichomes on the leaves indicates their role as biological control parameters. Eucalyptus camaldulensis was the only introduced species studied that lacked trichomes on both sides of the leaf. The most frequently observed types of stomata were "Anomocytic" and "Paracytic". The striking differences between the micro-morphological characteristics of the leaves of different species are an expression of the plants adaptations to the environmental ecological conditions.

Sport, and especially public sports, is very important because it increases life expectancy by promoting community health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of privatization in the development of participation in public sports in Alborz, Iran. This study was a mixed research (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative phase, the participants included 12 university faculty members and public sports administrators. In the quantitative section, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample based on Morgan table. Amiri et al.'s Privatization Questionnaire (2013) and a researcher-developed questionnaire were used to measure the research variables. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that privatization has a critical role in the development of participation in public sports in Alborz province. Therefore, expansion of the role and position of the private sector is one of the actions that can be taken in this field. It is suggested that sports, health and well-being officials seriously consider privatization in order to facilitate and increase the participation in public sports.

Objective: Psoriasis is a common, auto-immune skin disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and differentiationof keratinocytes. Studies revealed the role of stress stimulators in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Oxidative stressand heat shock are two important stress factors tuning differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes, regardingto psoriasis disease. BCL11B is a transcription factor with critical role in embryonic keratinocyte differentiation andproliferation. Given this, in keratinocytes we have investigated potential role of BCL11B in stress-induced differentiation.Furthermore, we searched for a potential intercommunication between BCL11B expression and psoriasis-relatedkeratinocyte stress factors.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, data sets of psoriatic and healthy skin samples were downloadedin silico and BCL11B was chosen as a potential transcription factor to analyze. Next, a synchronized in vitro model wasdesigned for keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Oxidative stress and heat shock treatments were employed onHaCaT keratinocytes in culture, and BCL11B expression level was measured. Cell proliferation rate and differentiationwere analyzed by synchronized procedure test. Flow cytometry was done to analyze cell cycle alterations due to theoxidative stress.Results: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data revealed a significantupregulation of BCL11B expression in keratinocytes, by 24 hours after initiating differentiation. However, it was followedby a significant down-regulation in almost all the experiments, including the synchronized model. Flow cytometer datademonstrated a G1 cell cycle arrest in the treated cells.Conclusion: Results indicated a remarkable role of BCL11B in differentiation and proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes.This data along with the results of flow cytometer suggested a probable role for BCL11B in stress-induced differentiation,which is similar to what is happening during initiation and progression of normal differentiation.

Abstract Objectives This meta-analysis evaluated the Efficacy and Effectiveness of several COVID-19 vaccines, including AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, Bharat, and Johnson & Johnson, to better estimate their immunogenicity, benefits, or side effects. Methods Studies reporting the Efficacy and Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines from November 2020 to April 2022 were included. The pooled Effectiveness/Efficacy with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) with Metaprop order was calculated. The results were presented in forest plots. Predefined subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results A total of twenty articles were included in this meta-analysis. After the first dose of the vaccine, the total effectiveness of all COVID-19 vaccines in our study was 71% (95% CI 0.65, 0.78). The total effectiveness of vaccines after the second dose was 91% (95% CI 0.88, 0.94)). The total efficacy of vaccines after the first and second doses was 81% (95% CI 0.70, 0.91) and 71% (95% CI 0.62, 0.79), respectively. The effectiveness of the Moderna vaccine after the first and second dose was the highest among other studied vaccines ((74% (95% CI, 0.65, 0.83) and 93% (95% CI, 0.89, 0.97), respectively). The highest first dose overall effectiveness of the studied vaccines was against the Gamma variant (74% (95% CI, 0.73, 0.75)), and the highest effectiveness after the second dose was observed against the Beta variant (96% (95% CI, 0.96, 0.96)). The Efficacy for AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines after the first dose was 78% (95% CI, 0.62, 0.95) and 84% (95% CI, 0.77, 0.92), respectively. The second dose Efficacy for AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Bharat was 67% (95% CI, 0.54, 0.80), 93% (95% CI, 0.85, 1.00), and 71% (95% CI, 0.61, 0.82), respectively. The overall efficacy of first and second dose vaccination against the Alfa variant was 84% (95% CI, 0.84, 0.84) and 77% (95% CI, 0.57, 0.97), respectively, the highest among other variants. Conclusion mRNA-based vaccines against COVID-19 showed the highest total efficacy and effectiveness than other vaccines. In general, administering the second dose produced a more reliable response and higher effectiveness than a single dose.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the structural equation pattern of relationships between job satisfaction with organizational commitment and ethical climate among librarians of public libraries in Kermanshah province.Methods: The research method is the type of correlation studies and the modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of this study included all 180 public librarians of Kermanshah province. Using stratified random sampling, 122 people were selected as the sample size basedon the Cochran formula. Spector's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (1999), Allen & Meyer's Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (1990), and the revised Victor and Cullen's Questionnaire (1988) were used. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling and correlation coefficient tests, simple linear regression, and the Seville test were used with SPSS software.Findings: The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the job satisfaction of public library librarians and their understanding of the ethical climate. The state of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and ethical climate is more than average at the public libraries in Kermanshah province.Also, the more job satisfaction librarians of public libraries have, the more commitment they will have to their organization, and public library officials should pay more attention to this issue. High organizational commitment increases the effect of job satisfaction on ethical climate. Finally, organizational commitment has an effect on the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational climate and makes the relationship between these two variables stronger.Conclusions: Ethical climate and recognition of ethical values in the organization lead to ethical behaviors. Furthermore, ethical climate plays a fundamental role in receiving organizational rewards and benefits, implementing organizational procedures and decisions, dealings, and interactions. Employees who find high satisfaction and commitment in the organization, their understanding of the ethical climate in the organization increases. The results of the structural equation analysis test on the proposed research model showed that the model had a good and acceptable fit and all paths (hypotheses) were confirmed with high confidence. The results showed that if the librarians have job satisfaction, they can have a positive understanding of the ethical climate in the library, spend more time there and show a high commitment to performing their duties.

Background: Organizational knowledge management requires a structure or framework to identify, extract and document knowledge. The review of knowledge management sources shows that since the late 1980s, several cycles have been introduced in the field of knowledge management, and the Mayer and Zack cycle has been one of the most important cycles. The purpose of this study was to design a model for documenting organizational experiences based on the view of point of Iranian libraries managers in medical sciences universities by using Mayer and Zack model. Methods: The research method was survey and correlation schemes are used. The population of the study consisted of 209 managers and heads of central and hospital libraries. Sampling was a stratified random sampling method. data gathering was done in 2022 by questionnaire. path- analyses and structural equation modeling was used to data analyses. RMS-Theta measure was used to test the model. Results: The results of the partial least squares test showed that the gathering knowledge and Knowledge refinement has a significant effect on knowledge documentation. Knowledge refinement had the highest and knowledge application had the lowest impact on knowledge documentation. Conclusion: The results confirmed the effects of knowledge collection and refinement on knowledge documentation. Therefore, it is possible to rely on the designed model and effective factors of knowledge documentation and generalize the obtained results for knowledge documentation in libraries and information centers.

Objective(s): Biofilm-associated infections are challenging to manage or treat since the biofilm matrix is impenetrable to most antibiotics. Therefore, the best approach to deal with biofilm infections is to interrupt the construction during the initial levels. Biofilm formation has been regulated through the quorum sensing (QS) network, making it an attractive target for any antibacterial therapy. Materials and Methods: Here, some coumarin members, including umbelliprenin, 4-farnesyloxycoumarin, gummosin, samarcandin, farnesifrol A, B, C, and auraptan, have been assessed as QS inhibitors in silico and in vitro. Their potential inhibitory effects on biofilm formation and virulence factor production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were evaluated. Results: First, the interaction of these compounds was investigated against one of the major transcriptional regulator proteins, PqsR, using molecular docking and structural analysis methodology. After that, in vitro evaluations indicated that 4-farnesyloxycoumarin and farnesifrol B showed considerable reduction in biofilm formation (62% and 56%, respectively), virulence factor production, and synergistic effects with tobramycin. Moreover, 4-farnesyloxycoumarin significantly (99.5%) reduced PqsR gene expression.Conclusion: The biofilm formation test, virulence factors production assays, gene expression analysis, and molecular dynamic simulations data demonstrated that coumarin derivatives are a potential anti-QS family through PqsR inhibition.

AbstractThe morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves are sensitive and adaptable to environmental changes. Determining eco-physiological patterns of leaf characteristics along elevational gradients allows for a better understanding and prediction of how plants might respond to climate change. In this work, the ecological adaptation mechanisms related to morphological and anatomical characteristics of Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaves were studied at three elevation classes (low, middle, and high) in two different Mediterranean and subhumid climates in Zagros forests in western Iran. There were no significant changes in leaf length, although the leaf-specific area was higher at low and middle elevations in subhumid climates. In addition, stomata length, width, density, and stomatal pore index were higher in the upper elevations of subhumid climate than in the Mediterranean climate. At low and middle elevations, dry matter content was higher at sites from the Mediterranean climate. The results of plasticity indices showed that individuals of Q. brantii from middle-elevation sites exhibited greater plasticity than those from low and high-elevation sites. Overall, Q. brantii, the dominant oak species in Zagros forests, appears to respond to elevational and environmental changes, suggesting that leaves can adapt to these changes through morphological and anatomical traits. These results provide new insights into the environmental adaptation strategies of plants at the morphological and anatomical levels against climate change.

Structural and nutrient traits of foliage are important for understanding plant ecological strategies. Understanding structural variations of trees in different environmental conditions helps to reveal adaptation mechanisms. We investigated morphological, chemical and stoichiometric traits in the foliage of four dominant woody species in sub-humid vs. semi-arid of the Zagros forests, west of Iran. Dry matter content, specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal length (SL), stomatal width (SW), density (SD) and stomatal pore index (SPI) traits were higher in the trees growing in a sub-humid climate. In Pistacia atlantica (PA) growing in the semi-arid climate, leaf length, SLA, SD and SPI traits were higher than the sub-humid climate. Leaf phosphorus content of Crataegus aronia (CA) was higher in the sub-humid, whereas PA was higher in the semi-arid climate. In PA and CA, the highest leaf C: P and N: P were in the sub-humid and the semi-arid climate. The relationship between SLA and leaf carbon content was significantly negative in PA. Among the different species, carbon content, nitrogen and phosphorus and their stoichiometry had strong positive and negative relationships in two climates. These results show the response of leaf functional traits to climate changes and how trees function under these changes. Furthermore, the leaf traits showing greater variability due to changes in the environmental can be determined. This improved understanding will assist in determining the most important adaptive parameters of trees to climate changes, to provide inputs to global environmental models.

Key Clinical Message Areca nut (AN) is an addictive substance widely used in different world regions. There are several side effects associated with the use of AN, which have already been reported. However, the reports on hepatotoxicity of AN are sporadic and non‐conclusive. In the present case report, we investigated the hepatotoxicity of AN in a four‐year‐old Iranian girl who was transferred to our medical center with abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and other symptoms such as hematuria, decreased mental status, multiple seizure episodes. After a comprehensive evaluation, it was concluded that these signs and symptoms were all attributed to AN consumption, which was given by her mother to control diarrhea. Eventually, the patient medical conditions were managed successfully, and she survived by intense medical care. In conclusion, we suggest AN should be considered a potential hepatotoxic agent.

Abstract Leaf traits, which vary across different climatic conditions, can reveal evolutionary changes within a species made to adapt to the environment. Leaf traits play major roles in a plant functions under varying climatic conditions. To examine adaptive modes and mechanisms applied by plants in different climates, we analyzed leaf morphology and anatomical structures in Quercus brantii in the Zagros forests, Western Iran. The plants adapted to the environmental differences with increased dry matter content in a Mediterranean climate, and increasing leaf length, specific leaf area, stomata length (SL), stomata width, stomatal density (SD), stomatal pore index (SPI), trichome length, and width in a sub-humid climate; trichome density was increased in a semi-arid climate. There were strong, positive correlations between SPI with SL and SD. Correlations for other leaf traits were weakly significant. Such morphological and anatomical plasticity probably leads to lower transpiration rates, control of internal temperature and water status, and improved photosynthetic capability under stressing conditions. These findings provide new insights into the adaptive strategies of plants to environmental changes at the morphological and anatomical levels.

BACKGROUND: Text Neck Syndrome (TNS) is a common issue in the neck. The emergence of such issues makes it more pressing to offer ergonomic training to prevent their consequences. The present study aimed to compare training through the lecture and Self-Study methods awareness and attitudes about the TNS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 94 female high-school students in 2021, and a quasi-experimental methodology was implemented. The participants were randomly divided into a lecture method and a self-study group. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized for data collection to measure the participants’ attitudes and awareness. The data were analyzed according to descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULT: The findings showed that the mean post-test scores of the participants’ awareness in the lecture method and self-study groups were 8.74 and 5.83, respectively, and a significant increase was observed in the post-test scores of the lecture method group. However, no significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test attitude scores of the two groups. CONCLUSION: As training by the use of the lecture method in a webinar format has the characteristics of a traditional and online educational simultaneously, it offers an advantage that can be utilized in educational institutions as a complementary (or even an independent) method. Moreover, the experts in medical informational sciences need to accompany training groups as they are responsible to select and prepare credible content materials for audiences.

Key Clinical Message ERCP is a safe and effective method for managing biliary obstruction in children. A case report illustrates successful removal of a bile duct stone in a 5‐year‐old child using ERCP. Pediatric ERCP is a viable option for treating biliary diseases in well‐equipped centers, alongside other approaches. Abstract We describe a 5‐year‐old child with extrahepatic biliary stone who successfully underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for stone removal. He suffered from persistent colicky abdominal pain accompanied by fever that confirmed biliary stone. ERCP along with other methods, can be considered a safe procedure for managing BD in children.

Key Clinical Message Most children with nephrotic syndrome heal without any sequelae. However, rare life‐threatening complications such as thromboembolism may occur in pediatric nephrotic syndrome and should be considered in those with a new‐onset neurologic deficit. Abstract The thromboembolism (TE) as a complication of nephrotic syndrome (NS) is rare and serious, and may involve renal, cerebral, pulmonary, or peripheral venous and/or arterial thrombosis. Here, we describe a 4.5‐year‐old male with a history of nephrotic syndrome, who developed hemorrhagic stroke in the territory of middle cerebral artery (MCA).

Key Clinical Message A patient presented with edema, ascites and jaundice. Histologic report was consistent with Celiac Disease. Liver biopsy commensurate with Glycogen storage disease III, which was confirmed by genetic testing. A gluten‐free diet was initiated. After 2 months, ascites was relieved, hepatic function was improved, and hepatic size reduced.

Aim: This study compared a topical formulation containing lytic phages with a routine antibiotic in the murine model of burn/Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected wound healing. Methods & Materials: Isolated and purified lytic bacteriophages from hospital sewage were added to the polyethylene glycol (PEG) based ointment. A second-degree burned wound on the back of twenty-four adult female mice was created. The wounds were infected subcutaneously with 100 μL of 1 × 102−3 CFU/mL P. aeruginosa. After 24 h, mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: mice received a standard antibiotic (antibiotic-treated group), mice received an ointment without bacteriophage (PEG-based group), mice received a PEG-ointment with bacteriophage (bacteriophage-treated group), or mice received no treatment (untreated-control group). Every two days, the contraction of burned wounds, physical activity, and rectal body temperature were recorded. On day 10, mice were sacrificed, and the wounds were cut off and evaluated histopathologically. Results: In ointments containing PEG, bacteriophages were active and stable. The mice receiving bacteriophage and PEG-based ointment had substantially different wound contraction in primary wound healing (P = 0.001). When compared to the control group, the bacteriophage-treated group showed significant variations in wound contraction (P = 0.001). The wound contraction changed significantly between the antibiotic and PEG-based groups (P = 0.002). In all groups, physical activity in mice improved over time, with significant differences (P = 0.001). When the 8th day was compared to the days 2, 4, and 6, significant changes were found (P = 0.001, P = 0.02, and P = 0.02, respectively). Both the positive control and bacteriophage-treated groups showed perfect wound healing histopathologically. However, no significant variations in microscopic histopathological criteria were found between the groups. Conclusion: Formulated phage ointment could be a promising approach for treating infected burn wounds infected by P. aeruginosa in mice with no allergic reactions.