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This study examined Chinese news content in the Zambian media, classified as government, commercial, Community, and religiously owned. The purpose was to investigate how each media category frames stories about China (either as episodic or thematic) and the implications of such frames. By analyzing 1321 news items published between 2012 and 2020, we were able to show that in all the four media categories, stories about China mainly were routine/ready-made and culled from Chinese-owned organizations. Second, China's dominance continued to grow over time as the reporting shifted from being treated as an object to the story's subject. As a result, the majority of stories were episodic and positively framed in favor of China. When China was presented negatively, the frames were thematic, yet China still held a "subject" position in the narrative. In this view, negative cases mentioning China were attributed to individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagonal dominance property has been applied in many different ways and has proven to be very useful in various research areas. Its generalization, also known under the name H-matrix property, can be applied and produce significant benefits in economic theory, environmental sciences, epidemiology, neurology, engineering, etc. For example, it is known that the (local) stability of a (nonlinear) dynamic system is ensured if the (Jacobian) matrix belongs to the H-matrix class, and all its diagonal elements are negative. However, checking the H-matrix property itself is too expensive (from a computational point of view), so it is always worth investing effort in finding new subclasses of H-matrices, defined by relatively simple and practical conditions. Here, we will define a new subclass, which is closely related to the Euclidean vector norm, give some possible applications of this new class, and consider its relationship to some known subclasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social dominance orientation (SDO) refers to the degree to which people support the superiority of an ingroup over outgroups and oppose equality. It has been consistently found to be a strong predictor of negative attitudes toward disadvantaged groups. Therefore, understanding the factors that predict SDO might be the first step in reducing negative attitudes toward these groups and promoting equality. The purpose of this study is to examine whether childhood experiences of being a victim of social rejection can predict SDO in adulthood. An additional goal is to examine whether empathic concern and resilience can mediate this association. Using a quantitative method, a questionnaire that tested social rejection during school years, SDO, empathic concern, and resilience was administered to 589 Israeli adults. In accordance with the hypotheses, social rejection was found to be a predictor of SDO after adjusting for gender and religion, mediated by empathic concern and resilience. The findings of the current study contribute to social dominance theory since they demonstrate for the first time that social rejection at school has direct and indirect effects on SDO through empathic concern and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neoliberalism is based on the dogma that free‐market capitalism serves the public better than governmental programs (e.g., public universities). In this research, we first asked what psychological orientations and beliefs predict support for one of the fundamental tenets of neoliberalism: the belief that government interferes with the smooth functioning of public life and the free market. Second, we examined how these predictors function across economic contexts and political regimes by collecting data in the United States and Turkey. We find that in two U.S. samples, high levels of Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and the belief in personal wherewithal (i.e., anybody can move ahead if they work hard enough) predicted people's support for neoliberalism. In the Turkish sample, we found that RWA and personal wherewithal significantly predicted support for neoliberalism, but unlike the US, in Turkey, higher levels of RWA were related to the rejection of neoliberalism. Our research highlights the flexible relationship authoritarianism has with neoliberalism and the importance of a belief in personal wherewithal in justifying neoliberalism. This research illuminates differences between US neoliberal logic and populist neoliberalism in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summer high temperature is an important climate issue. Severe heat waves occurred over China during summer 2022. Using daily temperature, we examine the severity of the 2022 high‐temperature event, and explore the dominance of summer cumulative temperature from the frequency and intensity of high temperature, for both the interannual variation of the 63 years (1960–2022) and the year of 2022. Corresponding to different “high” temperature thresholds, the frequency (number of the days) of high temperature, the summer cumulative temperature, and the intensity of high temperature are obtained for each summer with the daily data. Statistical tests show that cumulative temperature can be linearly regressed to frequency and intensity, which can help find the dominance from the two factors. For interannual variation, the comparison of the normalized regression coefficients suggests that, in the variation of cumulative temperature, the relative importance can vary from “dominated by intensity”, which corresponds to low temperature threshold (28°C), to “dominated by frequency”, which corresponds to high threshold (36°C). For the year 2022, we compare the two terms in the regression, which uses the coefficients from multi‐year regression along with the normalized frequency and intensity of this year, to determine the relative importance. Results show that overall it also varies from “dominated by intensity” to “dominated by frequency”, with the increase in threshold. Note that, for the two cases, these are the overall situation for the whole country; however, for each specific station, whether frequency or intensity dominates needs to be determined with the measures. A moderate threshold of 32°C, which considers both frequency and intensity, is suggested for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence of the Frasnian Genundewa Event at the FZ 2 – FZ 3 boundary interval has been detected in the facies of the isolated carbonate platform in Subpolar Urals. The preserved traces of the Genundewa Event represent micritic microlaminated carbonates, which manifests a short-term deepening episode in an extremely shallow water background. From the onset of this deep-water deposition there is a dominance of Polygnathus, Ancyrodella, and Mesotaxis whereas in the underlying shallow water deposits, the genus Polygnathus clearly predominated. No specific features of the Genundewa Event were observed in the C-isotope record. The mean δ13Ccarb value is approximately 2‰ in the event interval. The onset of the Genundewa Еvent corresponds to the beginning of Euro-American IIb-2 cycle and is correlated with the base of the Sargaevian regional substage of the Urals and Russian Platform, as well as the base of Poland IC cycle. This correlation confirms the global character of this event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three studies explore the relation between victim sensitivity—the sensitivity to being a victim of injustice – and anti‐immigration attitudes and behaviour. Based on theoretical considerations and prior research, we hypothesized that victim sensitivity positively predicts anti‐immigration attitudes and behaviour over and above political orientation and ideology. Results from a longitudinal study (Study 1; N = 1038), a computerized online experiment (Study 2; N = 299), and a laboratory experiment (Study 3; N = 178) provide support for this hypothesis. Studies 2 and 3 indicate that a heightened fear of exploitation mediates the effect of victim sensitivity on anti‐immigration attitudes and behaviour even though attempts to scrutinize this mechanism by 'switching off' the psychological process were unsuccessful. We discuss methodological and theoretical implications and possible avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyse the foundations of Western dominance in the discipline of International Relations (IR) in Indonesia. Drawing on a contextualized autoethnographic reflection of learning and researching IR in Indonesia during my undergraduate studies between 2008 and 2013, I argue that Western dominance in Indonesian IR discipline is not simply characterized by imposition of a certain academic tradition from the West but also reproduced in everyday academic discourse and naturalized through institutional practices of power. Drawing on my autoethnographic reflections, Western dominance has been maintained and naturalized through everyday exclusionary practices in IR discipline. I encountered this exclusionary practice through a gatekeeping question that was often asked during my time as an undergraduate student and researcher in Indonesia: 'which part of your work is IR?'. This gatekeeping practice is rooted in the larger history of bureaucratization and state co-optation of Indonesian academic community, which is still perpetuated by the government. Nevertheless, this Western epistemic dominance has been resisted through non-academic spaces. Through this contextualized autoethnographic reflections, I offer some rethinking of Global IR project by highlighting internal hierarchy and Western dominance in the discipline of International Relations, as well as resistance against it by non-academic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioural lateralization is widespread across animal taxa. Consistent with the idea that lateralization indicates advantageous specialization of the brain hemispheres, individuals with more lateralized behaviour are often found to have better cognition. Among-individual differences in behavioural lateralization nevertheless exist, sometimes associated with differences in other phenotypic traits. Knowing which phenotypes are associated with behavioural lateralization gives cues as to why differences in lateralization exist within populations, but past research has often focused on one or a few phenotypes, and found different, sometimes opposed, correlations with lateralization. Here, we assayed behavioural lateralization of common waxbills, Estrilda astrild , in a feeding task, to test for associations with phenotypic differences, using a broad set of traits that might influence or be influenced by lateralization: a cognitive trait (inhibitory control), size, personality, social dominance, cues of stress and sex. Most individuals consistently fed with the right side towards the food, resulting in a population level right-side lateralization. However, evaluating photographs from waxbills feeding in the wild worldwide, we found no evidence of a preferred feeding side, contrasting with results in our population. There were also differences between individuals in our population in the direction and strength of lateralization. Females were, on average, more right-side lateralized than males, and there were larger among-individual differences in lateralization among males. None of the phenotypes studied predicted differences in the strength of lateralization. However, individual differences in the direction of lateralization were related to inhibitory control, an aspect of cognition, more strongly so in males than in females. These are among the few results indicating that the direction of behavioural lateralization, rather than its strength, is associated with cognitive differences among individuals. It is also the first time that a sex-dependent association between behavioural lateralization and cognitive performance has been found, suggesting that sex-specific functions are implicated in maintaining differences in behavioural lateralization. • It is still not clear why individuals differ in behavioural lateralization. • We studied the direction and strength of common waxbill behavioural lateralization. • Most individuals fed preferentially with their right side from a feeder. • We found sex differences in lateralization and, in males, associations with cognition. • Sex-specific functions may thus help maintain differences in lateralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) refers to individuals' perceived decline in memory and/or other cognitive abilities relative to their previous level of performance. Sensory decline is one of the main manifestations of decline in older adults with SCD. The efficient integration of visual and auditory information, known as audiovisual integration, is a crucial perceptual process. This study aims to evaluate audiovisual integration in older adults with SCD. Methods: We adopted the audiovisual detection task, the Colavita task, and the Sound‐Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI) task to evaluate the audiovisual integration by examining both redundant and illusory effects. Older adults diagnosed with SCD (N = 50, mean age = 67.8 years) and a control group of non‐SCD older adults (N = 51, mean age = 66.5 years) were recruited. All participants took part in the three aforementioned experiments. Results: The outcomes showed that a redundant effect occurred in both SCD and non‐SCD older adults, with SCD older adults gaining more benefits in audiovisual detection task. Moreover, an equivalent amount of the visual dominance effect was observed among both SCD and non‐SCD older adults in Colavita task. In addition, older adults with SCD perceived an equal fission illusion but a bigger fusion illusion compared with non‐SCD older adults in SIFI task. Conclusions: Overall, older adults with SCD exhibit increased audiovisual redundant effects and stronger fusion illusion susceptibility compared to non‐SCD older adults. Besides, visual dominance was observed in both groups via the Colavita task, with no significant difference between non‐SCD and SCD older adults. These findings implied that audiovisual integration might offer a potential way for the identification of SCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper proposes a novel multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method for interval rough numbers (IRNs) considering different distribution types, namely uniform, exponential, and normal distributions. Upper and lower approximate interval dominance degrees are defined and aggregated using dynamic weights to obtain pairwise comparisons of IRNs. The properties of dominance are verified, and an attribute weight determination method based on the dominance balance degree is introduced. The proposed MADM method is data-driven and does not rely on the subjective preferences of decision-makers. Case analysis demonstrates the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method, revealing that the distribution type of IRNs significantly impacts decision results, potentially leading to reversed ranking outcomes. The proposed method offers a comprehensive framework for handling MADM problems with IRNs under different distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Dama wallaby (Notamacropus eugenii) and Bennett's wallaby (N. rufogriseus) are invasive pests on the New Zealand mainland and consequently are subject to ongoing control measures that include deployment of toxic baits in feeding stations. Aim: We investigated whether behavioural interactions between wallabies and introduced brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) at bait feeders are likely to reduce the efficacy of this method for wallaby control. Methods: Wallaby and possum visits and encounters at cereal bait feeders were monitored with trail cameras for several months in dama wallaby habitat near Rotorua, and in Bennett's wallaby habitat in South Canterbury. The response of Bennett's wallabies to possum carcases placed at feeders was also assessed. Key results: The diurnal activity of wallabies and possums at the feeders overlapped extensively, although Bennett's wallabies exhibited more daytime activity than the other two species. Thousands of visits by wallabies and possums were recorded but close encounters between the species at feeders were infrequent (N = 251). When encounters did occur, the wallaby was usually excluded from the feeder (72% of 229 encounters at Titoki Estate, near Rotorua, and 95% of 22 encounters at Blue Cliffs, South Canterbury) regardless of which species arrived at the feeder first. Zero instances of a wallaby excluding a possum from a feeder were recorded. When possum carcases were placed beside feeders, visitations by Bennett's wallabies reduced significantly, by 86% during the first week when a possum carcase was present. This effect was short lived, however, because the carcase soon decayed or was scavenged by other wildlife. Conclusions: Despite their smaller body size, possums are strongly behaviourally dominant over both wallaby species. Consequently, possums may empty feeders of bait before visiting wallabies have an opportunity to feed. Furthermore, interruption and exclusion of feeding wallabies by possums will increase the risk of sublethal toxic dosing and consequent bait shyness. Implications: Since possums are common throughout most wallaby habitat in New Zealand, their dominance behaviour is likely to reduce the efficacy of bait feeder control of wallabies at many sites. Possum population suppression is, therefore, likely to increase the effectiveness of wallaby bait feeder programs but will be costly to achieve. Feeding stations deploying toxic bait are being developed to control invasive dama and Bennett's wallabies on the New Zealand mainland. This field study investigated whether brushtail possums' behaviour affects wallabies' use of such feeders. Despite their smaller size, possums dominated wallabies and often excluded them from feeders. Possum population suppression is likely to improve the success of wallaby bait feeder programs. Photograph by Tim Day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how the commitment to maintain an established inflation target as opposed to changing it depends on the extent to which institutional or economic preconditions improve in a country. For 19 inflation‐targeting countries, we show that stronger operational commitment to the preannounced target is pronounced in countries with a greater improvement in institutional or economic preconditions, such as central bank independence, inflation, government indebtedness, financial development and central bank credibility. Our results also highlight the heterogeneous contingencies for the discretionary behaviour of adjusting the target, including the gradual disinflation phase, fiscal dominance and the transition to flexible targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In postconflict Kosovo and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, we investigated the relationships of right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), symbolic and realistic threat with attitudes toward peace and war. We also examined the mediating role of symbolic and realistic threat in the links between RWA, SDO, and attitudes toward peace and war. In Study 1, we focused on Kosovo Albanians (N = 415) and their relationship with Serbs, and in Study 2, we focused on the relationship between Russians (N = 132) and Ukrainians (N = 102). In both studies, we found that SDO was negatively associated with positive attitudes toward peace and positively with positive attitudes toward war. RWA was positively associated with positive attitudes toward war in Study 1. Symbolic threat was negatively related to positive attitudes toward peace, and realistic threat was positively related to positive attitudes toward war in both studies. The relationship between RWA and attitudes toward peace was mediated by symbolic threat, and the relationship between RWA and attitudes toward war was mediated by realistic threat. These findings attest to the negative role of RWA, SDO, symbolic and realistic threat on attitudes toward peace and war in conflict‐related contexts. We discuss potential implications for interventions that challenge negative attitudes toward peace and positive attitudes toward war in (former) adversary groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the complexity of human social life, it is astonishing to observe how quickly children adapt to their social environment. To be accepted by the other members, it is crucial to understand and follow the rules and norms shared by the group. How and from whom do young children learn these social rules? In the experiments, based on the crucial role of affective social learning and dominance hierarchies in simple rule understanding, we showed 15-to-23-month-olds and 3-to-5-year-old children videos where the agents’ body size and affective cues were manipulated. In the dominant rule-maker condition, when a smaller protagonist puts an object in one location, a bigger agent reacts with a positive reaction; on the contrary, when the smaller protagonist puts an object in another location, the bigger agent displays a negative reaction. In the subordinate rule-maker condition, the roles are shifted but the agents differ. Toddlers expect the protagonist to follow the rules (based on anticipatory looks), independent of the dominant status of the rule-making agent. Three-to-five-year-old pre-schoolers overall perform at the chance level but expect the protagonist to disobey a rule in the first trial, and obey the rule in the second trial if the rule-maker is dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The dominance behavioral system, a fundamental aspect of human behavior, orchestrates the drive for dominance, regulates dominantsubordinate dynamics, and shapes responses to perceived power dynamics. While the existing literature extensively delves into the components of this system, scant attention is paid to its interplay with mentalization, theory of mind, and assertiveness. Moreover, gender disparities in dominance behaviors are largely studied in terms of biological variables (levels of testosterone) and clinical populations. This study aims to understand the relationships between activation strategies of the dominance behavioral system, mentalization processes, theory of mind abilities, and levels of social discomfort in assertive communication. Moreover, to identify gender differences in the dominance behavioral system in a non-clinical sample. Methods: Our sample was composed of 67 students from a non-clinical population. They claimed the absence of any psychological, neurological, or developmental disorders. Results: A regression analysis was performed, and we found that levels of mentalization predict levels of hyperactivation of dominance behavioral system, but no significant results for the deactivation levels of the system were found. Moreover, no gender differences were found in levels of activations of the dominance behavioral system. Conclusion: These findings underscore the pivotal role of mentalization abilities in interpersonal dynamics, emphasizing the need for individuals to navigate social interactions adeptly. Furthermore, our research unveils implications for individual well-being and psychopathology, urging further investigation into how these dimensions intersect with various psychological disorders. By discerning the intricate mechanisms at play, we can develop targeted therapeutic interventions tailored to specific behavioral patterns, ultimately enhancing psychological resilience and fostering healthier social relationships in a non-clinical population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence syntheses for advancing equitable traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, policy, and practice presents formidable challenges. Research and clinical frameworks are currently not specific to equity, diversity, and inclusion considerations, despite evidence that persons with TBI live in societies in which power imbalances and systems of social dominance may privilege some people and marginalize others. The present protocol outlines a strategy for a research program, supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, that explores the integration of PROGRESS-Plus parameters in research with the goal of advancing open-science databases and tools to improve our understanding of equity in cognitive and brain health outcomes in TBI. PROGRESS-Plus is a framework outlining social, economic, and cultural parameters that may influence health opportunities and outcomes (e.g., place of residence, race, occupation, gender, etc.). A multistep research program is proposed to support three objectives: (1) organizing existing data on TBI-induced changes in cognition and brain health into a template to facilitate future research, including research using machine learning techniques; (2) updating published evidence with a more rigorous approach to the consideration of PROGRESS-Plus parameters; and (3) mobilizing knowledge on the current state of evidence that is relevant, equitable, and accessible. This program facilitates partnerships with knowledge users across clinical, research, academic, and community sectors to address the three research objectives through a unifying workflow of exchange, synthesis, and knowledge mobilization. We anticipate that this global collaboration between topic experts and community leaders in equity in brain health will add significant value to the field of TBI by promoting equity-transformative advancements in knowledge synthesis, policy, and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English medium instruction (EMI) and critical language education are both relatively established areas of education and scholarship. While the booming trends of EMI have generally foregrounded the technical aspects of instruction and the related linguistic challenges, the ongoing development of EMI theory, research, policy, and practice can be further integrated with critical views. Although a stream of EMI research based on critical perspectives does already exist, there is still a considerable place for more serious critical engagements in this area. Therefore, in this paper we argue for the development of ‘Critical EMI’ praxis that embraces criticality in an explicit, inclusive, and coherent manner. Considering that EMI is a still emerging phenomenon in many contexts, we argue that this is the right time for endeavouring to help it grow as a sociopolitically sensitive area in essence while it is developing roots. We highlight issues of ideology, policy, identity, social justice, and the politics of English as five essential aspects of criticality in Critical EMI and further discuss some of the insights that it can offer in encountering the neocolonial spread and dominance of English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In order to gain a better understanding of the individual and joint impact of testosterone and cortisol on behavior, the present study was developed to test the differences in each hormone alone and conjointly between perpetrators of IPV and non-violent controls. Method: Perpetrators of IPV on probation were compared to a control group of non-aggressive males from Hidalgo County in the Rio Grande Valley on baseline testosterone and cortisol, as well as several relevant questionnaires measuring aggression and trait anger. Differences in cortisol following exposure to a stressful event were also examined. Procedures included two laboratory visits consisting of questionnaires, a number of salivary testosterone and cortisol collections, and exposure to a stressor. Results: Perpetrators had higher basal testosterone and post stressor cortisol levels than non- violent controls as well as a higher T/C ratio. In addition, trait anger moderated the relationship between both testosterone alone, and the testosterone/cortisol ratio and perpetration of IPV. Conclusion: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that testosterone leads to antisocial behavior, including perpetration of violence. The results are also consistent with the dual hormone hypothesis, i.e., that testosterone and cortisol work together to jointly regulate social dominance and aggression. Both the increased freestanding testosterone and the increased cortisol following exposure to stress places these men at risk for perpetrating violence. Clinical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Venezuelan exodus represents the largest known displacement of people in recent Latin American history. The regional crisis caused by this mass Venezuelan migration drove the development of multiple interagency initiatives (such as the R4V platform) as well as academic attempts to keep track of outflow intensity. However, little is known about the age and gender composition of the emigrants since most existing literature to date has focused primarily on total volume and country‐specific shares of migration outflows. This study examines the demographics of recent outflows from Venezuela, the chronology of associated changes, and the demographic implications for those remaining in the country. Official counts of Venezuelan‐born populations compiled in seven main destinations are used to estimate annual outflows by age and gender from 2011 to 2021. Changes in the demographic composition of emigration are traced using parameters of the Rogers–Castro model, specifically the children‐to‐labor force dominance, and by decomposing the age contributions to the annual gross migraproduction rate. In the early phase of the crisis (2014–2017), emigration flows had high child dependency ratios. As the crisis entered its most acute phase (peaking in 2019), the mean age of migrants increased. Outward migration has resulted in the current Venezuelan population having 20 percent fewer women of reproductive age and 17.8 percent fewer individuals of working age. Consequently, the share of the population aged 60 or older has increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Location Time period Major taxa studied Methods Results Main conclusions Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species?Global.1990–2017.Trees.We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated.Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large‐scale land degradation.By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest that also widespread species should be considered in large‐scale management and conservation practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominance is a primary determinant of social dynamics and resource access in social animals. Recent studies show that dominance is also reflected in the gene regulatory profiles of peripheral immune cells. However, the strength and direction of this relationship differs across the species and sex combinations investigated, potentially due to variation in the predictors and energetic consequences of dominance status. Here, we investigated the association between social status and gene expression in the blood of wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta; n = 113 individuals), including in response to lipopolysaccharide, Gardiquimod (an agonist of TLR7, which detects single‐stranded RNA in vivo) and glucocorticoid stimulation. Meerkats are cooperatively breeding social carnivores in which breeding females physically outcompete other females to suppress reproduction, resulting in high reproductive skew. They therefore present an opportunity to disentangle the effects of social dominance from those of sex per se. We identify a sex‐specific signature of dominance, including 1045 differentially expressed genes in females but none in males. Dominant females exhibit elevated activity in innate immune pathways and a larger fold‐change response to LPS challenge. Based on these results and a preliminary comparison to other mammals, we speculate that the gene regulatory signature of social status in the immune system depends on the determinants and energetic costs of social dominance, such that it is most pronounced in hierarchies where physical competition is important and reproductive skew is large. Such a pattern has the potential to mediate life history trade‐offs between investment in reproduction versus somatic maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive periods, in which experiences have a large impact on phenotypic development, are most common early in ontogeny. Yet, they may also occur at later ontogenetic stages, such as adolescence. At present, however, we know little about why natural selection favours sensitive periods for some traits early in ontogeny and for others later in ontogeny. This article synthesizes recent mathematical models and empirical studies that explore sensitive periods beyond early ontogeny. Across mathematical models, we observe two general patterns. First, sensitive periods emerge beyond early ontogeny when an organism's uncertainty about the environment‐phenotype fit increases at later developmental stages. Second, sensitive periods emerge beyond early ontogeny when cues at later stages reduce this uncertainty more than earlier cues do. In the empirical literature, we observe that traits showing sensitive periods beyond early ontogeny tend to be social traits, particularly among mammals. Connecting theory to data, we hypothesize that mammals have evolved to expect reliable information from peers in adolescence to reduce uncertainty about the current and future social environment (e.g. social dominance, mate value). Finally, we highlight current gaps in our understanding and suggest future directions for strengthening bridges between empirical and theoretical studies of sensitive periods. Ultimately, we hope our synthesis will contribute towards an integrative science of sensitive periods across the biological and the social sciences. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is well known as the executive center of the brain, combining internal states and goals to execute purposeful behavior, including social actions. With the advancement of tools for monitoring and manipulating neural activity in rodents, substantial progress has been made in understanding the specific cell types and neural circuits within the PFC that are essential for processing social cues and influencing social behaviors. Furthermore, combining these tools with translationally relevant behavioral paradigms has also provided novel insights into the PFC neural mechanisms that may contribute to social deficits in various psychiatric disorders. This review highlights findings from the past decade that have shed light on the PFC cell types and neural circuits that support social information processing and distinct aspects of social behavior, including social interactions, social memory, and social dominance. We also explore how the PFC contributes to social deficits in rodents induced by social isolation, social fear conditioning, and social status loss. These studies provide evidence that the PFC uses both overlapping and unique neural mechanisms to support distinct components of social cognition. Furthermore, specific PFC neural mechanisms drive social deficits induced by different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global rise of right‐wing populist [RWP] parties presents a major political concern. RWP parties' voters tend to be citizens who have either experienced or fear economic deprivation. Income change constitutes a viable measure of this deprivation. However, previous contributions examining effects of income change on support for RWP parties have yielded diverging conclusions. This paper challenges previous findings by incorporating considerations of gender and within‐household inequality. We hypothesise a negative relationship between, on the one hand, personal and household income change and, on the other hand, sympathy towards RWP parties. Furthermore, we expect to find a stronger association between personal income change and RWP sympathy among men. Moreover, we expect the relationship between household income change and RWP sympathy to differ between genders. Finally, we hypothesise that this gender disparity can be interpreted by considering who contributes most to the household income. All these hypotheses are grounded in gender socialisation and economic dominance theories. Analysing Dutch LISS longitudinal data spanning from 2007 to 2021 (N = 7,801, n = 43,954) through fixed‐effects multilevel linear regression models enables us to address various competing explanations. It appears that only for men, personal income change is negatively linked with sympathies towards RWP parties. However, considering who is the highest earner within households reveals that women are also affected by their personal income change if they earn the highest income. For both men and women, household income change is negatively linked with sympathies towards RWP parties. These results lend partial support to both the socialisation and economic dominance theories. The implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Attentional focus is a phenomenon in which shifting the focus of attention alters performance of standing postural control. It can be categorized as internal focus (IF), which directs attention to the body parts, or external focus (EF), which directs attention to the external environment. Although attentional focus that improves standing postural control in younger people exhibits individual dominance, the dominance of attentional focus in standing postural control in older adults remains ambiguous. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the dominance of attentional focus in standing postural control between healthy younger and older adults, a crucial step for understanding the aging process. Methods: The participants performed a standing postural control task under the IF and EF conditions. Based on the condition during which they exhibited superior performance, the participants were divided into two groups: IF-dominant and EF-dominant. The standing postural control performance in each group under the IF and EF conditions was subsequently compared. Results: The results showed that the participants, encompassing both younger and older adults, were divided into the IF-dominant and EF-dominant groups, confirming the dominance of attentional focus. The performance under the EF condition in older adults was also influenced by the dominance of attentional focus. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential importance of intervention methods based on the dominance of attentional focus, providing valuable insights into future research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many animals use formalized signals to communicate dominance relationships. In some primates, such as macaques, the function of such signals varies with dominance style. Despotic species produce unidirectional submission signals that have a dual function: in conflict contexts, they signal a willingness to withdraw, whereas in peaceful contexts, they indicate the agreement to subordination. More despotic species produce these calls to a lesser extent than less despotic species. Here, we investigated whether the use of unidirectional submission signals is also related to dominance style in two lemur species and whether signalling subordination stabilizes social relationships at the group level. Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) exhibit a more despotic dominance hierarchy than Verreaux's sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi). We observed social interactions in 75 dyads of Verreaux's sifakas and 118 dyads of ring-tailed lemurs. Both species used unidirectional submissive calls that have a dual function, potentially suggesting convergent evolution of the function of these signals in independent primate lineages. However, signalling subordination did not stabilize social relationships at the group level in both species. Additionally, subordination occurred more frequently in dyads of the more despotic ring-tailed lemurs than in Verreaux's sifakas, indicating opposite patterns to macaques in the coevolution of social traits with dominance style. This article is part of the theme issue 'The power of sound: unravelling how acoustic communication shapes group dynamics'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rape myths support and fuel cultural understandings regarding gender roles and deny the victim’s rights and strengthen those of the instigator. Little research exists examining the invariance of rape myths measures and models used to explain rape myths across gay and straight samples. Examining correlates of rape myths and determining if the pattern of relations between correlates is similar across gay and straight male and female samples provides insights into socially constant factors that are influencing rape myth acceptance. Participants (294 straight women, 282 gay women, 293 straight men, and 234 gay men) were asked to complete measures of social dominance orientation (SDO), right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), ambivalent sexism toward women, ambivalent sexism toward men, and rape myths toward women. We tested four models that highlighted significant, direct paths between SDO, RWA, and rape myth acceptance. Both hostile sexism toward women and benevolent sexism toward men demonstrated significant indirect effects between SDO, RWA, and rape myth acceptance. Benevolent sexism toward women and hostile sexism toward men demonstrated, in most samples, significant indirect effects between SDO, RWA, and rape myth acceptance. However, the strength of those relations differed for gay and heterosexual samples. This provides further understanding of rape myths as SDO, RWA, and benevolent and hostile sexism toward men and women play a role in supporting rape myth acceptance and establishes that, overall, these relations are more similar than dissimilar across straight and gay samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a historical-sociological lens to approach coercive and violent relations within remunerated household labor. Drawing from Orlando Patterson, these relations are understood as interpersonal relations of domination with the concept of domestic servitude. They are analyzed in a qualitative empirical case study on socioculturally isolated domestic workers in Lima, Peru. While the paper attends to scholars concerning migration and domestic work, its main sociological contribution is to empirically and theoretically enrich debates on "unfreedom" beyond economic exploitation. It argues for a reflective and differentiated elaboration on sociocultural dimensions of coercion and violence that are embedded in colonial and patriarchal power structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluated the possible effects of empathy-focused group work on the participants, which is designed by bringing together cisgender heterosexual and LGBTQ+ people. Method: The study group of the research consists of 28 people (14 people in each of the experimental and control groups) who receive social service from a municipality in Istanbul, Turkey. The empathy-focused group work lasted 8 weeks, and pretest and posttest measurements were performed using the Affective and Cognitive Measure of Empathy (ACME) Scale and the Social Dominance Orientation Scale. Results: The result of this study showed that the participants were able to experience positive contact experiences in group work with heterogeneous groups, and an increase in the emotional and cognitive empathy levels of the participants and a decrease in their social dominance orientation. Conclusions: Implications for future research and professional practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze legal accountability and factors that affect perpetrators in the misuse of Pertalite Assignment Fuel Oil. In a five-year period, from 2019 to 2023, the Bali Regional Police Directorate handled 10 cases of misuse of Oil and Gas Fuel. The authors conclude that the absence of regulation regarding the maximum limit for the purchase of special assignment fuel with jerry cans, thus causing the Blurring of Legal Norms, so that this can cause the abuse of fuel oil. Factors such as low legal awareness and public compliance with the rules, the dominance of individual and group interests, and the lack of knowledge about applicable regulations are the main causes of the misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special edition embarks on a critical exploration of Joseph Campbell's The Hero's Journey, challenging its dominance as a universal narrative framework and its implications for contemporary storytelling, particularly in the context of evolving media landscapes. Drawing on C.P. Nield's critique of Campbell's monomyth as a "Hollywood McMyth," the collection of articles within this edition seeks to unravel the monomyth by advocating for a narrative plurality that reflects a more inclusive and diverse spectrum of stories. Contributors to this edition engage with alternative narrative paradigms that emphasise community, companionship, and commonality, moving beyond the individualistic focus of Campbell's framework. This shift is underscored by the rise of interactive and immersive storytelling technologies, such as VR, AR, and XR, which demand a re-evaluation of narrative structures to accommodate the dynamic and fluid nature of contemporary storytelling. Through a decolonial lens, the articles collectively argue for a decentring of narrative meaning, proposing new approaches that embrace the complexities of global challenges and the multiplicity of human experiences. Setting the stage for a critical examination of The Hero's Journey, inviting readers to consider the ethical implications of narratives in shaping socio-cultural values and norms in an era of immersive and participatory media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to analyze democracy legitimacy in a non-WEIRD country from a political psychology perspective. More specifically, two dimensions of democracy legitimacy were empirically isolated: diffuse and specific support. We tested a system justification model of democracy legitimacy, while also assessing the role of sociodemographic and context evaluation variables. We applied a questionnaire with closed-ended response choices to a non-probabilistic quota sample of adults from Cordoba, Argentina (n = 450). Besides descriptively analyzing democracy legitimacy, two hierarchical multiple regression analyzes were performed, one for each criterion variable. The results evidenced that diffuse support for democracy remains relatively high, while specific support for Argentine political system is markedly low. Different variables explained each dimension of political legitimacy: those regarding ideological system justification—right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political conservatism—explained an important amount of the variance of diffuse support but had only a marginal role in explaining specific support. The latter was better predicted by context evaluation variables, suggesting that system performance is more relevant than ideology when it comes to specific support. Thus, although democracy legitimacy could be based on a relatively developed civic culture, a poor system performance is not innocuous. The authors discuss how the theoretical explanations developed and framed in Western democracies may be not adequate to comprehend Latin American political culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal body coloration is often linked to social dominance and mating success. This is because it can carry information on an animal's body condition and competitive ability by reflecting the genetic quality of individuals or by responding to their current or past living conditions. The present study investigates genetic and environmental effects on a conspicuous color pattern of the cichlid fish Tropheus sp. black "Ikola," in which the size of a carotenoid‐based yellow area on the body co‐varies with social dominance. To examine environmental plasticity of the color pattern, we tested for effects of early‐life stress, induced by reduced feeding of juveniles prior to color pattern formation, as well as effects of a stress treatment administered to fully colored adult fish. None of the stress treatments affected the color pattern as quantified by the width of the yellow bar. However, offspring bar width was correlated to parental values in mid‐parent‐mid‐offspring regression analyses, and animal models estimated significant additive genetic effects on bar width, indicating heritability of the trait. Depending on the random effects structure of the animal models (i.e., whether including or excluding maternal and brood effects), narrow‐sense heritability estimates for bar width ranged between 0.2 and 0.8, with the strongest statistical support for the highest estimate. In each of the alternative models, a large proportion of the total variance in bar width was explained by the included random effects, suggesting that bar width is strongly determined by genetic factors or shared maternal and brood environments, with limited scope for environmental influences later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The engagement between markets and cultural hegemonies is shaped by the politics that promote or deny the emergence of fresh legitimations in response to the opportunities offered to consumers by new commodities. In the case of Islam and the assisted reproductive technology (ART) market, core cultural values concerning procreation, family and lineage come into direct conflict with the potential consumer demand generated by new ART technologies. Shaped by the character of multiple Islamic modernities and the authority structures of religion and state, it is the Shi'a–Sunni divide which most illuminates the politics of emergence driving the different Islamic responses to those cultural tensions. In Sunni states the hegemonic challenge of the ART commodity market is contained by the senior clerics, the traditional intellectuals of Islamic authority, often acting in concert with the state apparatus. In contrast, in Shi'a states the flexibility of its religious authority structures underpinned by the principles of ijtihad allows the formation of an alliance between traditional and medical organic intellectuals which facilitates the consumer choice of both ART commodities and legitimating values. However, what remains unresolved is the long‐term impact of that trasformismo on the stability of the social structures which the Shi'a moral economy serves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uneven regional development fomented by city-centric growth agendas generates significant challenges for regional peripheries. Placing regional margins and other plural geographies at the centre, in this article we apply a normative framework based on justice theory to uncover the dominance of urban viewpoints in urban regional development policy. Departing from Nancy Fraser's three-dimensional justice theory, we provide a deconstruction of city-centrism by illustrating how regional disparities in two regions in Sweden are not only reproduced by economic maldistribution but also by political misrepresentation and cultural misrecognition. By doing so, we illustrate the fruitfulness of applying a normative justice framework to create a broader understanding of factors that contribute to the political production of uneven regional development and need to be addressed if a transformative and progressive change is to occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The p‐dispersion problem is a spatial optimization problem that aims to maximize the minimum separation distance among all assigned nodes. This problem is characterized by an innate spatial structure based on distance attributes. This research proposes a novel approach, named the distance‐based spatially informed property (D‐SIP) method to reduce the problem size of the p‐dispersion instances, facilitating a more efficient solution while maintaining optimality in nearly all cases. The D‐SIP is derived from investigating the underlying spatial characteristics from the behaviors of the p‐dispersion problem in determining the optimal location of nodes. To define the D‐SIP, this research applies Ripley's K‐function to the different types of point patterns, given that the optimal solutions of the p‐dispersion problem are strongly associated with the spatial proximity among points discovered by Ripley's K‐function. The results demonstrate that the D‐SIP identifies collective dominances of optimal solutions, leading to building the spatially informed p‐dispersion model. The simulation‐based experiments show that the proposed method significantly diminishes the size of problems, improves computational performance, and secures optimal solutions for 99.9% of instances (999 out of 1,000 instances) under diverse conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For most birds that exhibit delayed dispersal (remaining on the natal territory rather than dispersing to seek a breeding opportunity), siblings appear free to stay or leave the natal area. However, in rare cases, delaying dispersal is determined via conflict among siblings, with the dominant individual remaining on the natal territory. We used radio-tracking to examine brood reduction, and subsequent juvenile survival, of first-year Canada Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Soon after juveniles become nutritionally independent, intra-brood struggles lead to one "dominant juvenile" remaining on the natal territory after permanently expelling the subordinate siblings ("ejectees"). Males in above-average condition when nestlings were the most likely to become the dominant juveniles and females did so only when broods were all-female at the time of the expulsion. Dominant juveniles were much more likely to survive their first summer compared to ejectees (survival probabilities = 0.84 and 0.45, respectively), suggesting that ejectees are especially vulnerable to mortality risk in the critical interval between their expulsion from the natal territory and their settlement on a new territory. However, if ejectees lived to autumn, they had only a slightly lower probability of first-winter survival (0.73) than dominant juveniles (0.85). These results suggest that the survival advantage gained by dominant juveniles is greatest during the first summer after hatching, with a much smaller difference over the first winter after ejectees have settled on non-natal territories. Our work provides insight into potential evolutionary and ecological mechanisms driving social dominance hierarchies in wild birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Job resources are known to be key drivers of work engagement, but surprisingly, little is known about the relative importance of specific job resources in comparison to one another. We investigated the relative importance of eight job resources both cross-sectionally and over a 3-year time period. We hypothesized that job resources at the task level are "universally" important and contribute relatively more to work engagement than other types of job resources. We employed dominance analyses to a large cross-sectional data set (N = 11,468 from 87 organizations), focusing specifically on 11 jobs, and to a two-wave data set (N = 2,334). Three job resources emerged as the most important both for concurrent and future work engagement across the jobs and samples: skill discretion, job feedback, and team empowerment. Practically, this study suggests that interventions to enhance work engagement could focus on increasing skill discretion and job feedback and on building team empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomie describes a situation in which society does not meet individuals' expectations and does not offer moral standards and a just and reasonable social context. Perceived anomie is related to numerous psychological variables, such as political decisions and self-esteem. This study aims to adapt and assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Perception of Anomie Scale. The sample consisted of 332 participants (189 women) aged between 18-66. For convergent validity we used Group Integration Scale and Belief in a Dangerous World Scale, for discriminant validity we used General Belief in a Just World Scale and Social Dominance Orientation Scale, for predictive validity we used Life Satisfaction Scale and Importance of Identity Scale. The results demonstrated the structural validity of the scale and presented adequate evidence for the measurement validity of the Turkish version of the Perception of Anomie Scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the digital age, bullying manifests in two distinct forms: traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Children's peer relationships are important predictors of bullying, and bullying in turn predicts peer relationships. However, few researchers have noted the bidirectional relationship between peer relationships and bullying. Methods: The present study used a two‐wave cross‐lagged longitudinal design to fill this gap. The potential sex differences were also examined in this relationship. The sample consisted of 527 Chinese children aged 8 to 12 years (M = 9.69, SD =.96; 53.5% female). Participants completed peer nominations for peer acceptance, peer rejection and social dominance, as well as self‐reports of traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Results: Results showed that peer rejection at the first time point (T1) significantly and positively predicted traditional bullying perpetration, cyberbullying perpetration and cyberbullying victimization at the second time point (T2). Traditional bullying victimization at T1 significantly and negatively predicted peer acceptance and social dominance at T2. The results also revealed significant male and female differences. For instance, among boys, peer acceptance at T1 significantly and negatively predicted cyberbullying victimization at T2. In contrast, this relationship was not observed among girls. The present findings have important implications for understanding the cyclical relationship between peer relationships and bullying and providing practical guidance for improving peer relationships and reducing bullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inbred populations often suffer from increased mutational load and reduced fitness due to lower efficacy of purifying selection in groups with small effective population sizes. Genetic rescue (GR) is a conservation tool that is studied and deployed with the aim of increasing the fitness of such inbred populations by assisted migration of individuals from closely related outbred populations. The success of GR depends on several factors—such as their demographic history and distribution of dominance effects of mutations—that may vary across populations. While we understand the impact of these factors on the dynamics of GR, their impact on local adaptations remains unclear. To this end, we conduct a population genetics simulation study to evaluate the impact of trait complexity (Mendelian vs. polygenic), dominance effects, and demographic history on the efficacy of GR. We find that the impact on local adaptations depends highly on the mutational load at the time of GR, which is in turn shaped dynamically by interactions between demographic history and dominance effects of deleterious variation. Over time local adaptations are generally restored post-GR, though in the short term they are often compromised in the process of purging deleterious variation. We also show that while local adaptations are almost always fully restored, the degree to which ancestral genetic variation affecting the trait is replaced by donor variation can vary drastically and is especially high for complex traits. Our results provide insights on the impact of GR on trait evolution and considerations for the practical implementation of GR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the magnitude and direction of inter-limb asymmetry in 21 professional female sepak takraw players across several task-specific tests. Five inter-limb asymmetry assessments were employed: unilateral countermovement jump (Uni-CMJ), bilateral countermovement jump (Bi-CMJ), single-leg hop (SLH), triple hop test (THOP), and isokinetic concentric peak torque of the knee flexors and extensors at 60 deg/s−1, 120 deg/s−1, and 180 deg/s−1 angular velocities. A "true" inter-limb asymmetry was only observed for Uni-CMJ jump height (16.62%) and THOP distance (6.09%). Kappa coefficients demonstrated fair agreement in the direction of asymmetry between the Uni-CMJ and Bi-CMJ tests for jump height (Kappa = 26.67), but only slight agreement for peak force (Kappa = 0.11), propulsive impulse (Kappa = −0.12), and eccentric impulse (Kappa = −0.14). Fair agreement was observed between the SLH and THOP (Kappa = 0.32). Slight to moderate agreement was found for concentric peak torque across angular velocities for the knee extensors (Kappa = 0.08 to 0.48), while fair to nearly perfect agreement was noted for the knee flexors (Kappa = 0.31 to 1). The Uni-CMJ and THOP are most sensitive to detect between-limb asymmetries in female sepak takraw players. Given the inconsistencies in asymmetry direction across tests, monitoring asymmetry direction is important for strength and conditioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a non-preemptive single machine scheduling problem for a non-negative penalty function f, where an optimal schedule satisfies the left-shifted property, i.e. in any optimal sequence all executions happen without idle time with a starting time t 0 ≥ 0 . For this problem, every job j has a priority weight w j and a processing time p j , and the goal is to find an order on the given jobs that minimizes ∑ w j f (C j) , where C j is the completion time of job j. This paper explores local dominance properties, which provide a powerful theoretical tool to better describe the structure of optimal solutions by identifying rules that at least one optimal solution must satisfy. We propose a novel approach, which allows to prove that the number of sequences that respect the local dominance property among three jobs is only two, not three, reducing the search space from n! to n ! / 3 ⌈ n / 3 ⌉ schedules. In addition, we define some non-trivial cases for the problem with a strictly convex penalty function that admits an optimal schedule, where the jobs are ordered in non-increasing weight. Finally, we provide some insights into three future research directions based on our results (i) to reduce the number of steps required by an exact exponential algorithm to solve the problem, (ii) to incorporate the dominance properties as valid inequalities in a mathematical formulation to speed up implicit enumeration methods, and (iii) to show the computational complexity of the problem of minimizing the sum of weighted mean squared deviation of the completion times with respect to a common due date for jobs with arbitrary weights, whose status is still open. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We tested whether the fearless dominance trait, which originated in the psychopathy literature and is typically presumed to relate to non‐adaptive behaviors, also can lead to successful leader behaviors. According to Lykken's argument on fearlessness in psychopathy, the direction of the career path of individuals high on fearless dominance is mainly influenced by their level of pre‐vocational socialization, and prior research has found encouraging results for this view. Our goal was to test this hypothesis specifically in the leadership context. By connecting Lykken's fearlessness argument to a recent process model of leadership by Zaccaro and colleagues, we suggest that fearless dominance and successful pre‐vocational socialization (i.e., greater education) influence leadership outcomes via political skill. Our sample comprises 239 leaders, their superiors (N = 239), and a total of 457 subordinates. Using moderated mediation analyses, we show that leaders high on both fearless dominance and educational level possessed greater political skill at work, mediating improved job performance, transformational leader behavior, and team performance. However, for low educational level, this mediated relation is negative. We review our findings regarding Lykken's argument of successful fearlessness and provide an outlook for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is robust evidence that being more extraverted is related to higher popularity, only few studies have examined which actual behaviours (e.g., verbal content, body language) might explain this association. The current study examined whether observer‐rated dominant behaviours (nonverbal, paraverbal, verbal, and general cues) mediate the relationship between self‐rated extraversion and its facets (assertiveness, sociability, and activity) and other‐rated popularity in zero‐acquaintance settings. In two studies, we analysed data from face‐to‐face (Study 1, N = 124) and virtual (Study 2, N = 291) group interactions where participants were videotaped while performing a task and subsequently rated each other on popularity. Across studies, extraversion and the facets assertiveness and sociability were consistently associated with higher popularity, while the role of dominant behaviours differed. In Study 1, only two nonverbal behaviours, dominant gestures and upright posture, mediated the association between extraversion and popularity. In Study 2, all four types of behavioural cues mediated the association between extraversion (facets) and popularity. We discuss how these findings provide insights into the mechanisms of attaining popularity at zero acquaintance in diverse social settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the subordinate male target hypothesis (SMTH), racism is based on an ethnicity‐by‐gender interaction, with a stronger link between experiencing racist discrimination and subordinate or dominant ethnic group status for men compared to women. This study reevaluates the SMTH, originally focused on objective discrimination, by applying it to self‐reported active harm as a theoretically derived measure of racist discrimination and by exploring interindividual differences in female ethnic minority members' discriminatory experiences. We proposed that social dominance orientation (SDO) among female ethnic minorities would influence SMTH predictions. We tested this using multiple linear regression analyses among a sample of New Zealand Europeans as the majority in New Zealand and non‐Europeans as the minority. As hypothesized, male non‐Europeans reported disproportionally more active harm than female non‐Europeans. Unexpectedly, not only female but also male, non‐Europeans high in SDO reported more active harm than non‐Europeans low in SDO. Therefore, applied to self‐reported racist experiences, oppression of ethnic minorities is driven by interindividual differences rather than by gender. Together, these findings provide evidence that the SMTH cannot be unreservedly extended to reports of racist discrimination and that other processes may underlie these subjective experiences of discrimination that need to be considered in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expanding upon Duckitt's dual‐process motivational model of ideology and prejudice (DPM; Duckitt, 2001), this research explores the psychological underpinnings of the approval of hostile design (AoHD) measures. Hostile design measures are interventions designed to deter undesirable behaviours and specific social groups in urban areas. Across three correlational studies (N = 798) conducted in Germany and the US, we investigated the relationship between AoHD, Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), as well as dangerous and competitive worldviews. AoHD was positively associated with RWA and SDO, as well as with dangerous and competitive worldviews. In line with the DPM, the relationship between a competitive worldview and AoHD is mediated by SDO in Studies 2 and 3. In addition, the relationship between a dangerous worldview and AoHD is mediated by RWA in Study 2 but not in Study 3. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]