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‘Extract Method’ is considered one of the most frequently applied and beneficial refactorings, since the corresponding Long Method smell is among the most common and persistent ones. Although Long Method is conceptually related to the implementation of diverse functionalities within a method, until now, this relationship has not been utilized while identifying refactoring opportunities. In this paper we introduce an approach (accompanied by a tool) that aims at identifying source code chunks that collaborate to provide a specific functionality, and propose their extraction as separate methods. The accuracy of the proposed approach has been empirically validated both in an industrial and an open-source setting. In the former case, the approach was capable of identifying functionally related statements within two industrial long methods (approx. 500 LoC each), with a recall rate of 93 percent. In the latter case, based on a comparative study on open-source data, our approach ranks better compared to two well-known techniques of the literature. To assist software engineers in the prioritization of the suggested refactoring opportunities the approach ranks them based on an estimate of their fitness for extraction. The provided ranking has been validated in both settings and proved to be strongly correlated with experts’ opinion.

The work is devoted the analysis of structure, classification and influence on a condition of a human body of various smells. It's studied the influence both pleasant aromas, and repellent, type of a smell of the spoilt meat. As a functional condition, in the given degree work, it is represented in the form of an integrated indicator of work of cardiovascular, central and vegetative nervous systems. During experimental researches theoretic-empirical dependences on influence of tests on an organism on which basis the mathematical model of identification of a functional condition of bioobject is constructed are received. Chronometric adaptable and regenerative possibilities of an organism are studied.

FAPEG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás Vários sistemas orientados a objetos, tais como Lucene, Tomcat, Javac tem seus respectivos projetos (designs) documentados usando classes-chave, definidas como sendo classes importantes/centrais para compreender o projeto de sistemas orientados a objetos. Considerando este fato, e considerando que geralmente a arquitetura não é formalmente documentada para auxiliar os desenvolvedores a entenderem e avaliarem o projeto do software, é proposta Keecle, uma abordagem baseada em análise dinâmica e estática para detecção de classes-chave de maneira semi-automática. É proposta a aplicação de mecanismos de filtragem no espaço de busca dos dados dinâmicos, para obter um conjunto reduzido de classes-chave. A abordagem é avaliada com quatorze sistemas de código aberto e proprietários, a fim de verificar se as classes encontradas correspondem às classes-chave definidas na documentação ou definidas pelos desenvolvedores. Os resultados foram analisados em termos de precisão e recall e são superiores às abordagens da literatura. O papel das classes-chave para avaliar o projeto também foi investigado. Foi avaliado se a organização das classes-chave em um grafo de dependências, o qual destaca relações de dependência explícitas no código fonte, é um mecanismo adequado para avaliar o design. Foi analisado estatisticamente, se classes-chave são mais propensas a bad smells, e se tipos específicos de bad smells estão associados a diferentes níveis de métricas de coesão e acoplamento. Além disso, a propriedade (ownership) das classes-chave foi analisada, indicando concentração em um conjunto reduzido de desenvolvedores. Por fim, foram conduzidos um estudo experimental com estudantes e um survey com desenvolvedores para avaliar a documentação baseada em classes-chave. Os resultados demonstram que a documentação baseada em classes-chave apresenta resultados que indicam a viabilidade de uso como documentação complementar à existente ou como documentação principal em ambientes onde a documentação não está disponível. Several object-oriented systems, such as Lucene, Tomcat, Javac have their respective design documented using key-classes, defined as important/central classes to understand the object-oriented design. Considering this fact, and considering that, in general, software architecture is not formally documented to help developers understanding and assessing software design, Keecle is proposed as an approach based on dynamic and static analysis for detection of key classes in a semi-automatic way. The application of filtering mechanisms on the search space of the dynamic data is proposed in order to obtain a reduced set of key classes. The approach is evaluated with fourteen proprietary and open source systems in order to verify that the found classes correspond to the key classes of the ground-truth, which is defined from the documentation or defined by the developers. The results were analyzed in terms of precision and recall, and have shown to be superior to the state-of-the-art approach. The role of key classes in assessing design has also been investigated. The organization of the key classes in a dependency graph, which highlights explicit dependency relations in the source code, was evaluated to be adequate for design comprehension and assessment. Key classes were evaluated whether they are more prone to bad smells, and whether specific types of bad smells are associated with different levels of cohesion and coupling metrics. In addition, the ownership of key classes was shown to be more concentrated in a reduced set of developers. Finally, we conducted an experimental study with students and a survey with developers to evaluate documentation based on key classes. The results indicate that the documentation based on key classes are a feasible alternative for use as complementary documentation to the existing one, or for use as main documentation in environments where documentation is not available. Tese (Doutorado)

Olfactory Space in Maxim Gorky’s Childhood: On the Nature of Smell as Narrative Device in Autobiographical Writing. The article discusses the world of smells, as it is created in the text of Gorky’s trilogy. The presence of smell becomes an important narrative device within these autobiographical novels. While all smells that the young protagonist is experiencing seem to be unpleasant for him, they still create a complicated olfactory space within the novel that is marked by the definite binary nature: the unpleasant smells of alien and hostile environment are opposed by the smells of nature and smells of people close to little Aleksei. Olfactory space constitutes an important element of the novel’s world and serves as a decisive factor in the creation of Gorky’s childhood.

El marketing sensorial busca conocer al consumidor, sus emociones, sus experiencias y sobre todo como generarlas, busca ir más allá del precio y la promoción de un producto, quiere encontrar la forma de quedarse en la mente y lograr llegar al corazón del consumidor. Crear experiencias y emociones a partir de los sentidos del ser humano, conseguir que un aroma o imagen sea la representación de una marca, encontrar la textura correcta, el sabor adecuado, la música y el volumen en que se debe emitir este sonido para hacer más placentera ya sea una compra o una comida, identificar aquellos colores que de acuerdo a la finalidad del punto de venta sean los que incentiven la compra o el consumo de un producto. Este ensayo describe aquellos puntos claves que han generado nuevas ramas del marketing, en donde se explican los sentidos y sus funciones, los colores y en que utilizar cada uno de ellos. Sensory marketing seeks to know the consumer , emotions , experiences and especially how to generate them , seeks to go beyond the price and the promotion of a product, you want to find a way to stay in the mind and heart make it to the consumer. Create experiences and emotions from the human senses , get a scent or image is the representation of a mark, find the right texture , the right taste , the music and the volume that must be issued to make this sound pleasant either a purchase or a meal, identify colors that according to the purpose of the point of sale are those that encourage the purchase or consumption of a product. This paper describes those key points that have generated new branches of marketing , where the senses and their functions are explained , the colors and use each of them.

A dissertação tem como objetivo explicar o que são este tipo de Smells e como estes podem prejudicar a usabilidade nas aplicações interactivas/web. Um Smell é algo no código ou na aplicação que não sendo um erro torna difícil a sua compreensão, manutenção e evolução. Este trabalho apresentada um estudo de arte com base nos Code Smells de Martin Fowler e na abordagem que Hermans et al. apresenta para deteção de smells em folhas de cálculo. É então desenvolvido o catálogo de smells potencialmente relevantes para interfaces gráficas com o utilizador que irá servir de base ao estudo dos Usability Smells. É ainda explicado o que são Usability Smells, como podem ser encontrados e possíveis soluções para a sua eliminação baseadas no estudo de usabilidade realizado. Foi concluído que todos os Usability Smells apresentados no teste de usabilidade foram considerados anomalias que afetam a interface das aplicações prejudicando, assim, a compreensão, manutenção e evolução das mesmas. Além disso, foi também definido um Refactoring para cada um dos Usability Smells com o objetivo de os eliminar.

Memory for texture plays an important role in food expectations. After fasting overnight, subjects (41 women, 35 men, age 19-60 years) received a breakfast including breakfast drink, biscuits and yoghurt. Subsequently, they rated their hunger feelings every hour, and returned for a taste experiment in the evening. When unexpectedly confronted with five texture variations of each breakfast item, they were asked to recognise the samples they had eaten earlier. Signal detection showed that subjects could recognise the drinks and yoghurts, but not the biscuits. In a second test with newly coded samples, subjects rated liking and compared their perception of the sample with the remembered target on different attributes. Memory was not related to liking and it was poor for fat (biscuits and yoghurt), but good for thickness (drinks and yoghurt) and crispiness (biscuits). Levels of fat were not remembered as such, but showed some indirect distinctiveness in related attributes as crispiness, thickness or crumbling (biscuits) and thickness or creaminess (yoghurt). © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This work presents the way orality can be used as a tool to make history, bringing its value especially for studies mentality, private life or popular classes, between others. This study develops itself, according with an inter¬view that was made to a woman who lived in Pandi- Cundinamarca during the first half of the, 20th. Century. It tries to understand the cultural wealth that is found in the practice of the traditional rural medicine as the homemade medicine. Also tries to analyze the relation between the sense of the smell, the memory and the meaning of the smells that projects cultural constructions that are surrounded by dense and sometimes by unknown thoughts models. In this way, it tries to bring the sense of the smell as a way how human being notice, understand and preserve the world and their own life experiences. It has special characteristics as it reveals secrets that were hidden and unknown in the social body, which is not easy to express through visual and hearing sense.//Este trabajo reflexiona sobre la manera en que la oralidad puede ser usada como fuente al momento de hacer historia, rescatando su valor, en especial para estudios acerca de las mentalidades, la vida privada o las clases populares, entre otros. Se desarrolla con base a una entrevista realizada a una mujer que vivió en Pandi Cundinamarca durante la primera mitad del siglo XX y busca entender la riqueza cultural que se inscribe en prácticas propias de la medicina tradicional campesina como la preparación de remedios caseros. También intenta analizar la relación del sentido del olfato con la memoria y el significado que se le da a los olores como construcciones culturales que encierran complejos y muchas veces desapercibidos modelos de pensamiento. De este modo, se intenta rescatar el olfato como un medio por el cual los hombres han percibido, comprendido y perpetuado el mundo y sus experiencias de vida y que cuenta con unas características especiales en la medida en que revela lo secreto, lo escondido y lo incógnito en el cuerpo social, que no es expresado fácilmente a través de lo visual o lo auditivo.

Self-* properties have introduced a novelty in the IT world: software may change during its execution by performing modifications by itself on itself. The evaluation of such systems implies the evaluation of their ability to change. The variety of possible changes makes the evaluation a challenging task. This paper aims to (1) mention the available quality evaluation mechanisms in software engineering (ranging from design principles and patterns to anti-patterns and smells, as well as metrics), (2) outline which available mechanisms have been adapted to self-* systems, and (3) introduce a wish list for future research concerning the evaluation issues.

This paper presents a tool, dubbed Faulty Sheet Detective, for aiding in spreadsheet fault localization, which combines the detection of bad smells with a generic spectrum-based fault localization algorithm.

Das Paradigma der modellbasierten Softwareentwicklung (MBSD) erfreut sich immer zunehmender Beliebtheit, da es eine Steigerung von Effizienz und Qualität in der Softwareentwicklung verspricht. Folgedessen spielen Softwaremodelle eine immer wichtigere Rolle und die Themen Qualität und Qualitätssicherung von Software werden somit zurückgeführt auf die Themen Qualität und Qualitätssicherung der beteiligten Modelle. Der grundlegende Inhalt dieser Arbeit ist die Definition eines strukturierten, syntaxorientierten und an projektspezifische bzw. domänenspezifische Bedürfnisse anpassbaren Prozesses für die Qualitätssicherung von Softwaremodellen. Dieser Prozess besteht aus zwei Teilprozessen. Im ersten Prozess werden projektspezifische Techniken für die Qualitätssicherung spezifiziert, die anschließend mit Hilfe des zweiten Prozesses an konkreten Softwaremodellen während eines MBSD Projektes angewendet werden können. Der Ansatz konzentriert sich dabei auf diejenigen Qualitätsaspekte, die auf der abstrakten Syntax des Modells überprüft werden können und benutzt die aus der Forschungsliteratur bekannten Qualitätssicherungstechniken Modellmetriken, Smells und Refactorings, die bis dato jedoch nur se-parat betrachtet wurden. Der vorgeschlagene Prozess integriert jetzt diese Techniken auf strukturierte Weise und ermöglicht so eine systematische Qualitätssicherung von Softwaremodellen. Drei ausgesuchte Beispiele mit unterschiedlichen Modellierungssprachen dienen als Proof-of-Concept Implementierungen des Prozesses und zeigen die Eignung, die Flexibilität und somit die Zweckmäßigkeit des Ansatzes. Im Zusammenhang mit der Thematik Qualitätssicherung von Softwaremodellen beinhaltet die Arbeit zudem die folgenden zusätzlichen Beiträge: (1) die Definition eines Qualitätsmodells für Modellqualität, (2) Übersichten über Metriken, Smells und Refactorings für UML-Klassenmodelle inklusive strukturierter Beschreibungen dieser Techniken sowie (3) einen konzeptionellen Ansatz für die Spezifikation von komponierten Modell-Refactorings. Der hohe Zeitaufwand und die potentielle Fehleranfälligkeit von manuell durchgeführten Modellanalysen erfordern eine weitgehende Automatisierung verschiedener Aktivitäten des vorgeschlagenen Qualitätssicherungsprozesses. Ein weiterer Hauptbeitrag dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer flexiblen Werkzeugumgebung für die Qualitätssicherung von Modellen, die auf dem Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF), einer weit verbreiteten open-source Technologie im Bereich der modellbasierten Softwareentwicklung, basieren. Die Werkzeuge sind Teil des Eclipse Modeling Project (EMP) und gehören zum offiziellen Inkubations-Projekt EMF Refactor, das unter der Eclipse Public License (EPL) zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Das Framework unterstützt Modellierer und Analysten bei der Erstellung von Metrikenberichten, dem Auffinden sogenannter Model Smells sowie der systematischen Restrukturierung der Modelle durch Refactorings. Die Funktionalität von EMF Refactor ist dabei in die baumbasierten EMF Instanzeditoren, in die auf GMF basierenden grafischen Editoren und in die von Xtext bereitgestellten textuellen Modelleditoren integriert. Verschiedene Experimente und Studien zeigen die Zweckmäßigkeit und die Eignung der Werkzeuge für die Unterstützung der Techniken in dem zuvor beschriebenen syntaxorientierten Qualitätssicherungsprozess für Softwaremodelle., The paradigm of model-based software development (MBSD) has become more and more popular since it promises an increase in the efficiency and quality of software development. In this paradigm, software models play an increasingly important role and software quality and quality assurance consequently leads back to the quality and quality assurance of the involved models. The fundamental aim of this thesis is the definition of a structured syntax-oriented process for quality assurance of software models that can be adapted to project-specific and domain-specific needs. It is structured into two sub-processes: a process for the specification of project-specific model quality assurance techniques, and a process for applying them on concrete software models within a MBSD project. The approach concentrates on quality aspects to be checked on the abstract model syntax and is based on quality assurance techniques model metrics, smells, and refactorings well-known from literature. So far, these techniques are mostly considered in isolation only and therefore the proposed process integrates them in order to perform model quality assurance more systematically. Three example cases performing the process serve as proof-of-concept implementations and show its applicability, its flexibility, and hence its usefulness. Related to several issues concerning model quality assurance minor contributions of this thesis are (1) the definition of a quality model for model quality that consists of high-level quality attributes and low-level characteristics, (2) overviews on metrics, smells, and refactorings for UML class models including structured descriptions of each technique, and (3) an approach for composite model refactoring that concentrates on the specification of refactoring composition. Since manually reviewing models is time consuming and error prone, several tasks of the proposed process should consequently be automated. As a further main contribution, this thesis presents a flexible tool environment for model quality assurance which is based on the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF), a common open source technology in model-based software development. The tool set is part of the Eclipse Modeling Project (EMP) and belongs to the Eclipse incubation project EMF Refactor which is available under the Eclipse public license (EPL). The EMF Refactor framework supports both the model designer and the model reviewer by obtaining metrics reports, by checking for potential model deficiencies (called model smells) and by systematically restructuring models using refactorings. The functionality of EMF Refactor is integrated into standard tree-based EMF instance editors, graphical GMF-based editors as used by Papyrus UML, and textual editors provided by Xtext. Several experiments and studies show the suitability of the tools for supporting the techniques of the structured syntax-oriented model quality assurance process.

Odors can enrich the perception of our environment and are commonly used to attract people in marketing situations. However, the perception of an odor changes over repetitions. This study investigated whether repetitive exposition to olfactory stimuli leads to a change in the perceived pleasantness (“liking”) or in the wish to be further exposed to the same olfactory stimulus (“wanting”), and whether these two mechanisms show gender differences. Three different pleasant odors were each repeatedly presented for 40 times in random order with a mean inter-stimulus interval of 18 s. Eighteen participants rated both “liking” and “wanting” for each of the 120 olfactory stimuli. Wanting ratings decreased significantly over repetitions in women and men, with a steeper decrease for men during the initial trials before plateauing. In contrast, liking ratings decreased significantly over repetitions only in men, with a steeper decrease after the initial ratings, but not in women. Additionally, women scored higher in a questionnaire on reward responsiveness than men. We conclude that positive evaluation (liking) and the wish to experience more of the same (wanting) are different concepts even in the domain of olfaction. The persistence of perceived pleasantness in women may be due to the attribution of a greater subjective value to odors.

Identifying bad design patterns in software is a successful and inspiring research trend. While these patterns do not necessarily correspond to software errors, the fact is that they raise potential problematic issues, often referred to as code smells, and that can for example compromise maintainability or evolution. The identification of code smells in spreadsheets, which can be viewed as software development environments for non-professional programmers, has already been the subject of confluent researches by different groups. While these research groups have focused on detecting smells on concrete spreadsheets, or spreadsheet instances, in this paper we propose a comprehensive set of smells for abstract representations of spreadsheets, or spreadsheet models. We also propose a set of refactorings suggesting how spreadsheet models can become simpler to understand, manipulate and evolve. Finally we present the integration of both smells and refactorings under the MDSheet framework., Part funded by ERDF - European Regional Development Fund through the COMPETE Programme (operational programme for competitiveness) and by National Funds through the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia within projects FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-022701 and Network Sensing for Critical Systems Monitoring (NORTE-01-0124-FEDER-000058), ref. BIM-2013 BestCase RL3.2 UMINHO.

L'environnement n'est pas un espace physique précis et stable. Sa géométrie est statique mais il est sans cesse inondé par différentes ambiances qui elles sont dynamiques. De plus sa réalité est modelée par le terrain mouvant de notre mémoire qui encode nos expériences, nos rencontres et autres complexes associations vécues à différents moments. Les ambiances olfactives plus particulièrement participent à la définition d'un espace urbain de plusieurs façons. Produites et modelées par l'environnement géographique, les conditions climatiques, les activités économiques et l'activité humaine, les odeurs appellent des repères spatio-temporels précis car se référant à des événements que l'on a personnellement vécus. Bref, les multiples flux odorants qui façonnent dans la ville un paysage olfactif mouvant sont autant de possibilités de restructurer le réel du citadin. Aussi pour permettre d'élaborer des moyens mettant en oeuvre les odeurs dans l'espace public, nous avons examiné dans quelle mesure les signaux olfactifs influencent notre perception de l'environnement en provoquant l'apparition de paysages temporels., The smellscape participates in the definition of the environment in different ways. First, determined by the geographic environment, climate conditions, economic activities, and human activity, the reality of olfactory ambiances are also shaped by our memory. This is because odours are associated with precise spatiotemporal markers that refer to events that someone has personally experienced. Therefore, the multiple fluxes of odorants creating a mobile topography of smells in the city may become a strategic intervention tool in planning. And, with the goal of arriving at a representation of the temporal patterns provoked by odours, we have examined the influence of olfactory memory in urban space., pour plus d'informations concernant l'auteure et sa recherche veuillez consulter le http://www.natalieb.ca

Робота присвячена аналізу впливу на стан організму людини різних запахів. Вивчається вплив як приємних ароматів, так і відразливих, типу запаху зіпсованого м'яса. Функціональний стан представляється у вигляді інтегрального показника роботи серцево-судинної, центральної і вегетативної нервових систем. У ході експериментальних досліджень отримані теоретико-емпіричні залежності по впливу проб на організм, Работа посвящена анализу воздействия на состояние организма человека различных запахов. Изучается воздействие, как приятных ароматов, так и отталкивающего, типа запаха испорченного мяса. Функциональное состояния представляется в виде интегрального показателя работы сердечно-сосудистой, центральной и вегетативной нервных систем. В ходе экспериментальных исследований получены теоретико-эмпирические зависимости по воздействию проб на организм, The article deals with the influence of smells having different origin on an integrated indicator of the bioobject system’s work. The article gives a detailed analysis of functional changes in vegetative nervous system and brain parts. The methods and means for identification a functional state under Smell influence are noted. It should be stressed that the system and statistical analyses are involved in research. It’s reported that the functional condition for integrated and brain work indicator is a collateral smell. In conclusion, it should be emphasized that the results obtained find practical application in constructing biotechnical system model for early diagnostics of an organism state.

Desde tempos de antanho que se verifica uma intricada relação entre natureza, família, odores, sabores, mágoas, doença e saúde. A obsessão pela saúde, a magreza e a estética não poderá prejudicar o equilíbrio alimentar de que necessita o organismo humano. Comer demais ou não querer comer constituem duas atitudes extremas, favorecendo cada uma o desencadear da doença. Tendo presente esta problemática, neste trabalho propomo-nos desenvolver três aspectos que consideramos primordiais. O primeiro tem que ver com a influência desencadeada pela formação dos odores, dos gostos e do prazer numa sociedade hedonista, mas também com os riscos que lhe estão associados. O segundo prende-se com a influência da família em termos alimentares e os efeitos daí decorrentes para a saúde dos seus membros, tendo presentes as transformações familiares, de género, sociais, económicas e culturais em curso. Enfim, o último, tendo em conta as novas tecnologias agroalimentares e a rigidez dos horários, quer de trabalho, quer escolares, procura estudar os modos como a família consegue negociar o recurso a estas novas modalidades, sem que daqui advenham efeitos adversos para a saúde dos seus membros., Since time immemorial an intimate relationship has existed between nature, the family, smells, tastes, afflictions, disease and health. An obsession with health, thinness and aesthetics must not act to the detriment of the balanced diet that the human organism requires. Eating too much or not wanting to eat are two extreme attitudes, each of which favours the appearance of disease. With these issues in mind, this paper intends to develop three aspects that we consider of primary importance. The first relates to the influence exerted by the formation of smells, tastes and pleasure on a hedonistic society, along with the associated risks. The second relates to concerns with the influence of the family in dietary terms, and its effects on the health of the family members, considering the social, economic, cultural, gender and family transformations in progress. Finally, in view of the new agri-food technologies and the inflexibility of work and school timetables, the last seeks to study the ways in which the family manages to negotiate the use of these new forms without adverse effects on the health of its members., Depuis les temps les plus reculés on peut observer une relation étroite entre nature, famille, odeurs, saveurs, chagrins, maladie et santé. Obsession de la santé, maigreur et esthétique risquent de nuire à l’équilibre alimentaire dont le corps humain a besoin. Trop manger ou ne pas vouloir manger sont deux attitudes extrêmes qui favorisent le déclenchement de la maladie. À partir de cette problématique, nous nous proposons de développer dans ce travail trois aspects primordiaux à nos yeux. Le premier est lié à l’influence de la formation des odeurs, des goûts et du plaisir dans une société hédoniste, mais aussi aux risques qui y sont associés. Le deuxième concerne l’influence de la famille au plan alimentaire et les effets qui en adviennent pour la santé de ses membres, au regard des transformations familiales, de genre, sociales, économiques et culturelles en cours. Enfin, le troisième se base sur les nouvelles technologies agroalimentaires et la rigidité des horaires (de travail et scolaires) pour étudier les manières dont la famille arrive à négocier le recours à ces nouvelles modalités sans entraîner d’effets nocifs pour la santé de ses membres., Desde hace mucho tiempo que se puede constatar una relación compleja entre naturaleza, familia, olores, sabores, resentimientos, enfermedad y salud. La obsesión por la salud, la delgadez y la estética no podrá perjudicar el equilibrio alimenticio que necesita el organismo humano. Comer de más o no querer comer constituyen dos actitudes extremas, favoreciendo cada una el desencadenamiento de la enfermedad. Teniendo presente esta problemática, en este trabajo nos proponemos desarrollar tres aspectos que consideramos primordiales. El primero tiene que ver con la influencia desencadenada por la formación de los olores, de los sabores y del placer en una sociedad hedonista, pero también con los riesgos que le están asociados. El segundo se refiere a la influencia de la familia en términos de alimentación y los efectos consecuentes para la salud de sus miembros, teniendo en cuenta las transformaciones familiares, de género, sociales, económicas y culturales en curso. Finalmente, el último aspecto, toma en cuenta las nuevas tecnologias agro-alimentarias y la rigidez de los horarios, sean de trabajo o sean escolares, buscando estudiar los modos en como la familia consigue negociar el recurso a estas nuevas modalidades, sin que de esto resulten efectos adversos para la salud de sus miembros.

Este artigo trata de memórias escolares de estudantes de licenciatura compartilhadas na experiência do estágio, tendo como princípio de formação uma aproximação mais significativa com os fazeres do cotidiano escolar. Metodologicamente, a investigação questiona a clássica abordagem de produção de conhecimentos a partir do olhar, trazendo como elemento inovador a articulação entre a valorização de um caminho sensorial pouco usual - o olfato - e as memórias acionadas a partir dele. Na intenção de exercitar a possibilidade da escrita de histórias narrativas a partir de odores, foram propostas aos alunos as seguintes questões: que odores são sentidos no ambiente da escola onde se realiza seu estágio? Que memórias são acionadas a partir desses odores? Defendemos a idéia de que a formação docente passa também pelas memórias, muitas vezes inusitadas, pelas experiências comunicáveis e pelas sensibilidades dos professores em formação. This article deals with the shared school memories of undergraduate students during placement experience, promoting a more meaningful approximation with the daily life of the school as a principle of teacher training. Methodologically the investigation questions the conventional approach to the production of knowledge based on looking, and introduces as the innovative element the link between the promotion of that unusual sensory path - the smell - and the memories triggered by it. The following questions were put to the students with the intention of exercising the possibility of writing stories based on these smells: what smells were perceived in the school environment where you did your placement? What memories were triggered by these odours? We defend the idea that teacher training is also transmitted by the often unusual memories, communicated by the experiences and the sensibilities of the teachers in training. Este artículo trata de memorias escolares de estudiantes de licenciatura compartidas en la experiencia de la práctica, teniendo como principio de formación una aproximación más significativa con los hechos del cotidiano escolar. Metodológicamente, la investigación cuestiona la clásica abordaje de producción de conocimientos a partir de la mirada, trayendo como elemento innovador la articulación entre la valorización de un camino sensorial poco común - el olfato - y las memorias accionadas a partir de él. Con la intención de ejercitar la posibilidad de escribir historias narrativas a partir de olores, fueron propuestas a los alumnos las siguientes cuestiones: ¿qué olores son sentidos en el ambiente de la escuela donde se realiza su práctica? ¿Qué memorias son accionadas a partir de esos olores? Defendemos la idea de que la formación docente pasa también por las memorias, muchas veces inusitadas, por las experiencias comunicables y por las sensibilidades de los profesores en formación.

This study aims to present reflections on the meaning of olfactory sensations and perceptions, as well as their relevance as a phenomenon present in Nursing practice. It stresses the importance of the smells' chemical language in the hospital environment, emphasizing some deductions about the aesthetics of smells from the Nursing perspective. The authors conclude that a deeper aesthetic/philosophical and technical/scientific comprehension of smell emanations will contribute to human care, especially in Nursing diagnoses and prescriptions, environmental quality regulation and therapeutics. Este estudio presenta reflexiones acerca del significado de las percepciones y sensaciones olfativas y suya pertinencia como fenómeno presente en la práctica de la Enfermería. Destaca la importancia de la linguage química de los olores en el ambiente hospitalario, puntuando algunas deducciones sobre la estética de los olores por la enfermería. Concluye que la mayor comprensión estético/filosófica y técnico/científica de las emanaciones odorantes podrá contribuir para el cuidado humano, especialmente en el diagnóstico y prescripción de Enfermería, vigilancia de la calidad ambiental y terapéutica. Este estudo apresenta reflexões acerca do significado das percepções e sensações olfativas e sua pertinência como fenômeno presente na prática da Enfermagem. Destaca a importância da linguagem química dos odores no ambiente hospitalar, pontuando algumas deduções sobre a estética dos odores pela enfermagem. Conclui que a maior compreensão estético/filosófica e técnico/científica das emanações odorantes poderá contribuir para o cuidado humano, especialmente no diagnóstico e prescrição de Enfermagem, vigilância da qualidade ambiental e terapêutica.

Se hace patente el principio de prevención como guía de la política medioambiental, estableciendo en las DIAs la adopción de todas aquellas medidas que eviten impactos. La minimización, que se muestra en la necesidad de identificar y delimitar zonas de trabajos, excavaciones, dimensiones de zanjas así como en delimitar los espacios en que se realizarán trabajos de mantenimiento con riesgo de vertido de grasas. Cuando el vertido o impacto no se puede evitar, se debe garantizar la adecuada gestión del impacto generado, para lo cual se deberán aplicar medidas correctoras o compensatorias. El primer factor ambiental considerado es hábitats protegidos y vegetación, posiblemente por la dimensión de las instalaciones objeto, que en caso de no corregirse pueden dar lugar a un impacto importante en el medio. En segundo lugar se clasifica por importancia los ruidos y olores en las DIAs, siendo ambos impactos los que van a influir fundamentalmente en el ser humano. Por tanto es inexcusable en el Estudio de Impacto Ambiental considerar estos factores ambientales Environmental policies must be guided by the principle of prevention and EIS should include the obligation to adopt all and any measures that prevent impact on the environment. In any case, impact should be kept to a minimum and this must be reflected by the need to identify and set the limits of work areas, excavations and the size of conduits, as well as delimiting the spaces in which maintenance work is to be carried out with the risk of discharge of oily materials. When discharge or impact cannot be avoided, it will be necessary to ensure adequate management of the impact that has been generated, which will mean applying corrective or compensatory measures. The first environmental factors that must be takin into account are protected habitats and vegetation, perhaps due to the dimension of the target facilities, which if left uncorrected may lead to an important impact on the location. Secondly, noises and smells are classified in the EIS according to their importance, both of them being impacts that will affect human beings above all. It is therefore essential that these environmental factors be taken into account in the Environmental Impact Study

This study aims to present reflections on the meaning of olfactory sensations and perceptions, as well as their relevance as a phenomenon present in Nursing practice. It stresses the importance of the smells' chemical language in the hospital environment, emphasizing some deductions about the aesthetics of smells from the Nursing perspective. The authors conclude that a deeper aesthetic/philosophical and technical/scientific comprehension of smell emanations will contribute to human care, especially in Nursing diagnoses and prescriptions, environmental quality regulation and therapeutics. Este estudio presenta reflexiones acerca del significado de las percepciones y sensaciones olfativas y suya pertinencia como fenómeno presente en la práctica de la Enfermería. Destaca la importancia de la linguage química de los olores en el ambiente hospitalario, puntuando algunas deducciones sobre la estética de los olores por la enfermería. Concluye que la mayor comprensión estético/filosófica y técnico/científica de las emanaciones odorantes podrá contribuir para el cuidado humano, especialmente en el diagnóstico y prescripción de Enfermería, vigilancia de la calidad ambiental y terapéutica. Este estudo apresenta reflexões acerca do significado das percepções e sensações olfativas e sua pertinência como fenômeno presente na prática da Enfermagem. Destaca a importância da linguagem química dos odores no ambiente hospitalar, pontuando algumas deduções sobre a estética dos odores pela enfermagem. Conclui que a maior compreensão estético/filosófica e técnico/científica das emanações odorantes poderá contribuir para o cuidado humano, especialmente no diagnóstico e prescrição de Enfermagem, vigilância da qualidade ambiental e terapêutica.

HUSBANDRIES SMELLS TEXTS, CONFLICTS AND LOCAL NEGOTIATIONS From now, the space within agriculture is producing, is considered as ambivalent, between private and public. Thus, bad smells are unacceptabled. This reject is so hard as near as populations seem to discover industrial agriculture and its effects. Then, the lack of texts, as regulation means, increase resentments and conflicts. With an approch limited to husbandries waste smells and referins to fieldwork located in Dordogne, we développe the hypothesis that legal inefficiency taking care of smell problem lead to a non formal management, with find today its limits in a recombined rural space., Désormais, la production agricole dans un espace conçu comme ambivalent -entre privé et public- rend les odeurs inacceptables. Ce rejet est d'autant plus fort que les populations semblent découvrir une agriculture «industrialisée» et ses nuisances. Alors, l'absence des textes, comme ressources de régulation, accroît les rancœurs et développe les conflits. Avec une approche restreinte aux odeurs des effluents d'élevages et en faisant référence à des terrains situés en Dordo- gne, nous développons l'hypothèse que les carences de prise en compte légale de la question des odeurs en suscitent une gestion informelle, qui trouve aujourd'hui ses limites dans le cadre d'un espace rural en recomposition., Nicourt Christian, Girault Jean-Max, Bourliaud Jean. Les odeurs d'élevages: textes, conflits et négociations locales. In: Économie rurale. N°260, 2000. Le droit rural. Analyses économiques, juridiques, sociologiques. pp. 79-89.

Die persönliche Kommunikation in Geschäftsbeziehungen wird trotz der zunehmenden Beliebtheit digitaler Kommunikationsmedien weiterhin geschätzt, da sie Vertrauen zwischen Menschen schafft. Der passive Einflussfaktor Geruch kann nicht nur Auswirkungen auf die Kommunikation, sondern auch auf die Emotionsbildung haben. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit untersucht, welchen Einfluss olfaktorische Reize in einem Verkaufsgespräch haben. Durch den Einsatz eines Methodenmixes, wurde ein Experiment für die objektive Wahrnehmung sowie ein Fragebogen für die subjektive Wahrnehmung gewählt, um Tendenzen der Messungen abzuleiten. Im Zuge des Experiments wurden zwei unterschiedliche Gerüche herangezogen und deren Auswirkungen auf zwei separate Gruppen ermittelt. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass die Wahl eines bestimmten Geruchs einen Einfluss auf die Aktivierung und das Wohlbefinden der Proband*innen haben kann. Außerdem konnten Unterschiede der Entspannung und Emotionsbildung festgestellt werden., Face-to-face communication in business relationships is still valued despite the increasing popularity of digital communication media because it creates trust between people. The passive influencing factor of smell can not only have an impact on communication but also on emotion formation. This Master's thesis investigates the influence of olfactory stimuli in a sales conversation. By using a mix of methods, an experiment for objective perception and a questionnaire for subjective perception were chosen in order to derive the tendencies of the measurements. In the course of the experiment, two different smells were used and their effects on two separate groups were determined. The research showed that the choice of a certain smell can have an influence on the activation and well-being of the test persons. In addition, differences in relaxation and emotion formation were found.

Photographe du monde sensible, passionnée par l’univers olfactif et les émotions qu’il appelle, Eléonore de Bonneval recueille témoignages et récits de vie odorants depuis plus de dix ans. Ces histoires ont conduit à la création de plusieurs expositions : Anosmie, vivre sans odorat (2012), Le sens sentimental (2016), Voyages olfactifs (2017) et L’odorat, sens invisible (2018). Dans cette note de recherche, l’auteure-photographe fait dialoguer ses rencontres, partageant sa quête insolite au coeur du quotidien et des petites choses, apparemment, ordinaires., Photographer of the sensate, fascinated by olfactory perception and the emotions associated with it, Eléonore de Bonneval has been collecting testimonials and olfactory life stories for over ten years. These stories led to the creation of several exhibitions: Anosmia: Living Without A Sense of Smell (2012), The Sentimental Sense (2016), Olfactory Journeys (2017) and Smell: Invisible Sense (2018) In this research note, the author-photographer recounts numerous individual and intimate stories, and lets us in on her unusual quest into the recesses of everyday life and seemingly ordinary little things., Fotógrafa del mundo sensible, apasionada por el universo olfativo y las emociones que sugiere, Eléonore de Bonneval recoge testimonios y relatos de vida olorosos desde hace más de diez años. Esas historias han llevado a la presentación de varias exposiciones: Anosmia, vivir sin olor (2012), El sentido sentimental (2016), Viajes olfativos (2017) y El olor, sentido invisible (2018). En esta nota de investigación la autora-fotógrafa hace un diálogao de sus encuentros, compartiendo su exploración insólita en el seno de lo cotidiano y de las pequeñas cosas, aparentemente ordinarias.