Search

Byline: Paramdeep. Singh, Pushpinder. Singh, Simmi. Aggarwal, Chaitanya. Tapasvi Intracranial neurenteric cysts are uncommon congenital space-occupying lesions that may be misinterpreted for other more frequent nonneoplastic cysts and cystic tumors. [...]

Background: Radio-contrast media are the agents which are used on daily basis in the radiological practice for either diagnostic or therapeutic purpose. Currently used agents are considered to be safe but not devoid of side effects. Objectives: Objectives of the study were to assess the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the patients who receive radiographic contrast media for computed tomography (CT) and intravenous pyelography (IVP), to stratify the ADRs into different types based on their time of appearance and as per their severity. Materials and Methods: A prospective and observational study of 1-year duration was done on all the patients who received radio-contrast media (Iohexol) intravenously for CT and IVP in the radiodiagnosis department. Patients who experienced ADRs were recorded for the basic demographic characteristics and types of ADRs. Stratification of ADRs as per their severity was done using common terminology criteria for adverse events scale and Modified Hartwig and Siegel ADR Severity Assessment Scale, and casualty assessment was done using Naranjo's Algorithm. Results: Out of the total 3522 patients who were included in the study, eight patients got 12 suspected ADRs with some of the patients having more than one type of ADR. The most frequent ADR was nausea and vomiting (25%), followed by fever, chills, or sweating. Incidence of ADRs was 0.23%. All the ADRs were acute and occurred within 30 min of contrast administration. As per the severity scales used, all the ADRs were mild (75%) to moderate (25%) in nature with none of the reactions to be severe. Causality assessment showed 87.5% of the reactions to be "probable" in nature. Conclusion: Low osmolar nonionic radio contrast media are associated with very low incidence of ADRs in the North Indian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computerized advances affected individuals' lives. Most of these computerized gadgets depend on cloud capacity to meet their memory needs. A huge number of pictures, recordings, and sound documents are being moved to distributed storage. Large number of individuals all throughout the planet access these media consistently. Unapproved admittance to these media should be stayed away from. One of the flimsy parts for information breaks is the client end encryption. This paper proposes a procedure for further developing cloud information security by consolidating the AES and blowfish encryption and decoding calculations. AES-256 is utilized as the main layer, followed by blowfish as the subsequent layer, in the crossover arrangement. The yield of the principal layer is contribution to the second layer and the eventual outcome is examined. The proposed strategy likewise talks about other consolidated approaches, for example, AES with other customary calculations however the proposed strategy gives huge results contrasted with different methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the huge incidents of terrorist attacks and sniffing of security personnel, there is a need to integrate the higher degree of security in the defense vehicles. The key modus operandi by terrorists is that they intrude bypassing the security devices because of the vulnerabilities in the scenarios. In such a manner, to ensure sight and sound substance, cryptology, which has all the earmarks of being a compelling path for data security, has been utilized in numerous handy applications. In this manuscript, the key mechanisms related to cryptography and dynamic encryption are presented which can be used so that the defense personnel can communicate with each other with a higher degree of security, privacy, and anti-sniffing attempts. This paper presents the cryptography and hash-based approaches on assorted parameters with key features and the availability of specific secured implementations. The paper presents the assorted approaches and algorithms which can be integrated into the laser-guided defense weapons as well as vehicles so the overall communication will be secured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines are important structural motifs and are widely found in bioactive molecules, pharmaceuticals and synthetic drugs. In view of increasing environmental awareness, the development of transition-metal-free strategies for the synthesis of these compounds is highly desirable. Metal-free oxidative coupling and lithiation methodologies have emerged as effective tools in this area as they exclude the use of transition-metal catalysts and help in reducing unwanted and toxic-metal-based chemical waste in the environment. This review highlights recent advances on the direct arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines for the synthesis of the title compounds in the absence of a metal salt. Also, the emphasis has been placed on mechanistic considerations of these reactions. 1 Introduction 2 Arylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Oxidative Coupling 2.1 Arylation Using Grignard Reagents 2.2 Arylation Using Other Organometallic Reagents 2.3 Arylation Using Aryl Organoboranes or Arenes 3 Arylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Lithiation 3.1 Intermolecular Arylation 3.2 Intramolecular Arylation 4 Conclusion and Outlook [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent past, dialkyl azodicarboxylates have been embraced as versatile reagents in synthetic strategies other than Mitsunobu reactions. These azo compounds have been utilized as an oxidant or dehydrogenating reagent in oxidative transformations, such as cross dehydrogenative coupling, oxidative Ugi‐type reaction, dehydrogenation etc. Moreover, they have been utilized in different types of bond construction like C‐Heteroatom (C‐Het) and S−N bond. Very recently, these azo compounds have also been explored in photochemical reactions. Such types of reported reactions and their reaction pathways are presented here in this minireview, which manifested the oxidative abilities and advantageous features of dialkyl azodicarboxylates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recreational drug abuse is a serious health problem that poses detrimental effects on central nervous system. Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in the detection of these abnormal changes in the brain associated with the drug abuse. This study focuses on the grading of cerebral atrophy in the opioid-addicted patients and their association with the age and duration of opioid abuse. Objectives: Grading of cerebral atrophy in opioid-addicted patients and to assess the probable association between chronic opioid abuse and cerebral atrophy in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was carried out on 40 patients of opioid abuse who were admitted in the ICU of the hospital over a period of 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of these patients was done using Siemens Avanto 1.5 Tesla scanner. Results: All the patients were male with 25 patients having varying degrees of cerebral atrophy as assessed from Pasquier scale. Majority of the patients (n = 14) on chronic opioid abuse had global cortical atrophy (GCA) score of 1 indicative of mild cerebral atrophy. The associated factors like the duration of abuse and age of presentation had significant association with the cerebral atrophic changes in the brain (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Opioid-dependent patients with long-term substance abuse had probable association with the atrophic changes in brain as assessed from neuroimaging. The progressing age and longer duration of drug abuse may foster significant alterations to the brain structure leading to varied degree of cerebral atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the control of bacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, sixty four Pseudomonas fluorescens strains were recovered from rice and wheat rhizosphere. These strains were identified on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. It was observed that the strains showing fluorescence in the selective media showed the amplification of the targeted P. fluorescens specific ITS region. The strains were also characterized for the production of the antibiotic 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) using phlD locus. The characteristic 750bp region was amplified in all the DAPG producing strains. These strains were evaluated against X. oryzae in vitro by dual culture method. The P. fluorescens strains found effective in vitro were further tested in field for their antagonistic potentiality and disease suppression ability. P. fluorescens strain number Pf-4-R showed maximum inhibition i.e. of 5.5 mm against the test pathogen X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Talc based powder formulation of the effective strain Pf-4-R used for field evaluation, showed that pre-inoculation foliar sprays were effective in controlling bacterial blight of rice with disease suppression efficiency ranging from 29.6 to 65.6 per cent in different treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]