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Late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is an unusual case. It rarely appears apart from the neonate. We report the case of a 3-month-old male infant presented with a history of recurrent chest infections and breathlessness for the past 4 days. Examination revealed the signs of respiratory distress in the form of subtitles and tachypnea; there was no air entry on the left side but bowel sounds were audible better heart sounds could be auscultated to right. A chest X-ray showed a suspicion of left-sided CDH. Subsequently, the patient was transferred to operation theater farminent. Laparotomy surgery was done under general anesthesia. Note intraoperatively bowel and spleen were reduced from the thoracic cavity and delivered through this posterolateral defect. Following insertion of a chest tube and repositioning the herniated organs back into abdominal cavity, closure was performed. The patient recovered uneventfully with an improvement of the postoperative radiograph. With time, he improved and was able to tolerate oral feeds.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease, particularly myocardial infarction (MI), remains a leading cause of mortality globally and in India. The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among young adults in India presents unique challenges, marked by earlier onset and distinct risk factor profiles. However, comprehensive data on young MI patients in rural areas are scarce, necessitating an investigation into their demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: This institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, NIMS Super Specialty Hospital, Jaipur, focused on individuals under 45 years old admitted with MI. Data encompassing demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, and angiographic profiles were collected and analyzed. The study spanned from December 2022 to December 2023. Results: Among 45 young MI patients studied, males constituted a substantial majority (86.67%). Lower socioeconomic status (SES) was prevalent (71.11%), and risk factors such as smoking (51.11%) and hypertension (35.56%) were notable. Troponin-T/CPK MB levels were significantly elevated in 57.78% of cases, indicating myocardial damage. Angiographic assessments revealed predominance in left anterior descending (LAD) artery abnormalities (55.56%) and a significant proportion underwent primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) (46.67%). Conclusion: The study highlights the concerning prevalence of MI among young adults in rural areas of India, with a predominance of males and a high prevalence of traditional risk factors such as smoking and hypertension, as well as the notable influence of low SES (P = 0.0046). Contrary to previous studies that linked higher SES and sedentary lifestyles to an increased risk of CAD, this study underscores the significant burden of CAD among young individuals from lower socioeconomic groups. The elevated levels of troponin-T and CPK-MB, along with the predominance of LAD artery abnormalities, emphasize the severity and distinct coronary involvement patterns in this demographic. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted preventive strategies and improved access to health-care services for young adults in lower socioeconomic groups in rural areas.

In paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), advanced medical care meets deeply emotional human experiences. This review examines grief and bereavement support in PICUs, emphasising its significance in extending palliative care beyond end-of-life scenarios. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar from 2014 to 2023 yielded 50 relevant studies. The findings illustrate the unique challenges in PICUs, such as children’s limited communication abilities, parental distress and emotional burden on healthcare providers. Our review revealed the multifaceted nature of grief in PICUs, including anticipatory and complicated grief, and its profound impact on families and siblings of PICU patients. We identified diverse emotional, psychological, cultural and spiritual support needs that underscored the importance of continuous bereavement care and access to resources. Current support practices, including counselling, support groups, memorial services and interdisciplinary teamwork, are explored. Challenges such as resource limitations, healthcare providers’ emotional toll and communication barriers are discussed. The study also highlights emerging trends such as digital tools, innovative therapies and policy changes to enhance holistic, family-centred care in PICUs.

Healthcare professionals in emergency departments (EDs) navigate multifaceted challenges, including strenuous environments and complex situations inherent to this high-pressure setting. This research examines the dynamics of emergency medicine, highlighting issues such as ED overcrowding, resource constraints, the emotional and ethical dilemmas of end-of-life care, and the implications of integrating advanced technologies like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The study paves the way for potential policy reforms, educational advancements, and administrative strategies to enhance healthcare delivery in emergencies by analyzing these challenges in detail. We used thorough review methodology to analyze global evidence from 2002 to 2023, systematically searching databases like MEDLINE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar with a blend of search terms, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), refining the search strategy with Boolean operators “AND” and “OR” to improve search results. A PRISMA flow diagram aided the careful selection of studies, while Zotero-6 helped remove duplicates. This collaborative process pinpointed key areas of interest, such as workload, burnout, ethics, and technology in emergency care, ensuring comprehensive review. We focused on including peer-reviewed English articles from the last twenty years, covering review articles, original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. We excluded unpublished theses and nonrelevant studies. This approach provided detailed overview of the challenges and complexities characterizing the emergency care landscape, suggesting ways to enhance practice and policy.

In the scientific field, there is a critical need for the rapid and timely dissemination of findings to foster collaborations, seek funding, and establish oneself as a growing expert within their chosen domain. Abstracts are essential for conveying research findings and their significance in a concise manner. A well-written abstract is both unbiased and easily understandable, avoiding hype and jargon that might be difficult for readers without background knowledge in the field to understand. Keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) are important tools for enhancing the accessibility and discoverability of research. While authors prioritize keywords for search engine optimization, MeSH terms, created by the National Library of Medicine, ensure that articles in medical databases are correctly indexed. Properly choosing and strategically placing keywords with optimal density can effectively increase the visibility and impact of an article. This letter emphasizes the importance of a concise, focused abstract that is easy to read and well-organized, using bullet lists to enhance the dissemination and visibility of scientific research and discusses strategies for choosing and improving keywords.

Over the past few decades, society's perception of transgender individuals has significantly transformed, leading to increased recognition and acceptance. However, despite these positive changes, transgender people have historically faced numerous challenges and stigmatization. This article delves into psychiatric perspectives on transgender sexuality and its impact on mental health. It emphasizes the importance of integrating psychiatrists into primary care to enhance engagement in outpatient behavioral health services for transgender and nonbinary adults. Gender identity and sexuality are interconnected aspects of human experience, and understanding transgender sexuality is essential for mental health professionals to provide effective support and care. Gender dysphoria, a psychological condition stemming from incongruence between gender identity and assigned sex, profoundly affects the mental health of transgender individuals, emphasizing the necessity of affirming and comprehensive mental health care. The significance of cultural factors and intersectionality in supporting transgender individuals and mental health professionals play a critical role in identity development by creating safe and supportive environments for exploration and self-acceptance. Affirmative approaches and treatment options, such as hormone replacement therapy and gender confirmation surgery, are discussed, stressing the importance of collaborative care involving medical and mental health professionals. Ultimately, this article underscores mental health professionals' vital role in supporting transgender individuals' mental well-being, fostering inclusivity, and contributing to more affirming society.

Introduction. The intensive care unit (ICU) plays a pivotal role in providing specialized care to patients with severe illnesses or injuries. As a critical aspect of healthcare, ICU admissions demand immediate attention and skilled care from healthcare professionals. However, the intricacies involved in this process necessitate analytical solutions to ensure effective management and optimal patient outcomes. Aim. The aim of this review was to highlight the enhancement of the ICUs through the application of analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Methods. The review approach was carried out through databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, Sage, ProQuest, Science Direct, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. These databases were chosen due to their potential to offer pertinent and comprehensive coverage of the topic while reducing the likelihood of overlooking certain publications. The studies for this review involved the period from 2016 to 2023. Results. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have been instrumental in benchmarking and identifying effective practices to enhance ICU care. These advanced technologies have demonstrated significant improvements in various aspects. Conclusions. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analysis techniques significantly improved critical care, patient outcomes, and healthcare delivery.

Alarm fatigue has become a significant concern for intensive care unit (ICU) nurses. The incessant flood of alarms can result in desensitization, negatively affecting both nurses and consequently, patient care. This article delves into the struggles ICU nurses encounter due to alarm fatigue, its repercussions, and potential strategies to tackle the problem. By comprehending and addressing alarm fatigue, healthcare professionals can foster a safer and more efficient work environment for ICU nurses.

India bears a significant portion of the worldwide burden of chronic and terminal illnesses. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of a standardized approach in delivering optimal end-of-life care (EOLC) to a substantial proportion of patients who have reached the terminal phase of their lives. Health-care providers are urged by health-care professionals to be aware of the cultural and spiritual beliefs and practices that can shape patients' and their families' perspectives on EOLC. They should also emphasize the importance of providing support for religious and cultural practices and involving family members in the EOLC process. Holistic care is discussed as an approach that considers the physical, emotional, spiritual, and social aspects of a patient's well-being. Healthcare providers must address ethical and legal issues when delivering EOLC and prioritize personalized care that respects patients' choices. Language and communication barriers in multicultural EOLC are identified as significant challenges. In a nutshell, the authors discuss the importance of incorporating cultural and spiritual practices in bereavement support to help patients and their families process grief and celebrate the patient's life and legacy. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of cultural and spiritual awareness in EOLC for elderly patients. It emphasizes the necessity for health-care providers to deliver inclusive and culturally sensitive care, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for both individuals and their loved ones. The significance of cultural and spiritual awareness in improving EOLC for older individuals is underscored in this context.