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67. Chemical characterization of fine particle emissions from fireplace combustion of woods grown in the northeastern United States

Author

Fine, Philip M., Cass, Glen R., and Simoneit, Bernd R. T.

Subjects
Northeastern United States -- Environmental aspects, Forest products industry -- Research, Air pollution -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

Six species of trees grown in the northeastern United States, including northern red oak, eastern white pine, paper birch, eastern hemlock, red maple, and balsalm fir are burned to study the particle-phase organic compounds emitted from different types of wood. Detailed speciation of the compounds emitted from the trees is charted.

Published
2001

70. Abstracts of the 6th FECS Conference 1998 Lectures

Author

Rowland, F. Sherwood, Blake, Donald R., Larsen, B. R., Lindskog, Anne, Peterson, Peter J., Williams, W. Peter, Wallington, T. J., Pilling, M. J., Carslaw, N., Creasey, D. J., Heard, D. E., Jacobs, P., Lee, J., Lewis, A. C., McQuaid, J. B., Stockwell, William R., Frank, Hartmut, Sacco, P., Cocheo, V., Lynge, E., Andersen, A., Nilsson, R., Barlow, L., Pukkala, E., Nordlinder, R., Boffetta, P., Grandjean, P., Heikkil, P., Hürte, L. G., Jakobsson, R., Lundberg, I., Moen, B., Partanen, T., Riise, T., Borowiak, A., De Saeger, E., Schnitzler, K. G., Gravenhorst, G., Jacobi, H. W., Moelders, S., Lammel, G., Busch, G., Beese, F. O., Dentener, F. J., Feichter, J., Fraedrich, K., Roelofs, G. J., Friedrich, R., Reis, S., Voehringer, F., Simpson, D., Moussiopoulos, N., Sahm, P., Tourlou, P. M., Salmons, R., Papameletiou, D., Maqueda, J. M., Suhr, Per B., Bell, W., Paton-Walsh, C., Woods, P. T., Partridge, R. H., Slemr, J., Slemr, F., Schmidbauer, N., Ravishankara, A. R., Jenkin, Michael E., de Leeuw, G., van Eijk, A. M. J., Flossmann, A. I., Wobrock, W., Mestayer, P. G., Tranchant, B., Ljungström, E., Karlsson, R., Larsen, S. E., Roemer, M., Builtjes, P. J. H., Koffi, Brigitte, Koffi, Ernest N’Dri, De Saeger, Emile, Ro-Poulsen, H., Mikkelsen, T. N., Hummelshøj, P., Hovmand, M. F., Simoneit, Bernd R. T., van der Meulen, A., Meyer, Michael B., Berndt, T., Böge, O., Stratmann, F., Cass, Glen R., Harrison, Roy M., Shi, Ji Ping, Hoffmann, T., Warscheid, B., Bandur, R., Marggraf, U., Nigge, W., Kamens, Richard, Jang, Myoseon, Strommen, Mike, Chien, Chao-Jung, Leach, Keri, Ammann, M., Kalberer, M., Arens, F., Lavanchy, V., Gâggeler, H. W., Baltensperger, U., Davies, J. A., Cox, R. A., Alonso, S. García, Pastor, R. Pérez, Argüello, Gustavo A., Willner, Helge, Berndt, T., Böge, O., Bogillo, V. I., Pokrovskiy, V. A., Kuraev, O. V., Gozhyk, P. F., Bolzacchini, E., Bruschi, M., Fantucci, P., Meinardi, S., Orlandi, M., Rindone, B., Bolzacchini, Ezio, Bohn, Birger, Rindone, Bruno, Bruschi, Maurizo, Zetzsch, Cornelius, Brussol, C., Duane, M., Larsen, B., Carlier, P., Kotzias, D., Caracena, A. Baeza, Aznar, A. Miñana, Ferradás, E. González, Christensen, C. S., Skov, H., Hummelshøj, P., Jensen, N. O., Lohse, C., Cocheo, V., Sacco, P., Chatzis, C., Cocheo, V., Sacco, P., Boaretto, C., Quaglio, F., Zaratin, L., Pagani, D., Cocheo, L., Cocheo, Vincenzo, Asnar, Agustin Minana, Baldan, Annerita, Ballesta, Pascual P., Boaretto, Caterina, Caracena, Antonia B., Ferradas, Enrique Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Flesca, Nobert, Goelen, Eddie, Hansen, Asger B., Sacco, Paolo, De Saeger, Emile, Skov, Henrik, Consonni, V., Gramatica, P., Santagostino, A., Galvani, P., Bolzacchini, E., Consonni, Viviana, Gramatica, Paola, Todeschini, Roberto, Dippel, G., Reinhardt, H., Zellner, R., Dämmer, K., Bednarek, G., Breil, M., Zellner, R., Febo, A., Allegrini, I., Giliberti, C., Perrino, C., Fogg, P. G. T., Geiger, H., Barnes, I., Becker, K. H., Maurer, T., Geyskens, F., Bormans, R., Lambrechts, M., Goelen, E., Giese, Martina, Frank, Hartmut, Glasius, M., Hornung, P., Jacobsen, J. K., Klausen, H. S., Klitgaard, K. C., Møller, C. K., Petersen, A. P. F., Petersen, L. S., Wessel, S., Hansen, T. S., Lohse, C., Boaretto, E., Heinemeier, J., Glasius, M., Di Bella, D., Lahaniati, M., Calogirou, A., Jensen, N. R., Hjorth, J., Kotzias, D., Larsen, B. R., Gonzalez-Flesca, N., Cicolella, A., Bates, M., Bastin, E., Gurbanov, M. A., Akhmedly, K. M., Balayev, V. S., Haselmann, K. F., Ketola, R., Laturnus, F., Lauritsen, F. R., Grøn, C., Herrmann, H., Ervens, B., Reese, A., Umschlag, Th., Wicktor, F., Zellner, R., Herrmann, H., Umschlag, Th., Müller, K., Bolzacchini, E., Meinardi, S., Rindone, B., Jenkin, Michael E., Hayman, Garry D., Jensen, N. O., Courtney, M., Hummelshøj, P., Christensen, C. S., Larsen, B. R., Johnson, Matthew S., Hegelund, Flemming, Nelander, Bengt, Kirchner, Frank, Klotz, B., Barnes, Ian, Sørensen, S., Becker, K. H., Etzkorn, T., Platt, U., Wirtz, K., Martín-Reviejo, M., Laturnus, Frank, Martinez, E., Cabañas, B., Aranda, A., Martín, P., Salgado, S., Rodriguez, D., Masclet, P., Jaffrezo, J. L., Hillamo, R., Mellouki, A., Le Calvé, S., Le Bras, G., Moriarty, J., O’Donnell, S., Wenger, J., Sidebottom, H., Mingarrol, M. T. Bomboi, Cosin, S., Pastor, R. Pérez, Alonso, S. García, Sanz, M. J., Bravo, I., Gonzalez, D., Pérez, M. A., Mustafaev, Islam, Mammadova, Saida, Noda, J., Hallquist, M., Langer, S., Ljungström, E., Nohara, K., Kutsuna, S., Ibusuki, T., Oehme, Michael, Kölliker, Stephan, Brombacher, Stephan, Merz, Leo, Pastor, R. Pérez, Alonso, S. García, Cabezas, A. Quejido, Peeters, J., Vereecken, L., El Yazal, J., Pfeffer, Hans-Ulrich, Breuer, Ludger, Platz, J., Nielsen, O. J., Sehested, J., Wallington, T. J., Ball, J. C., Hurley, M. D., Straccia, A. M., Schneider, W. F., Pérez-Casany, M. P., Nebot-Gil, I., Sánchez-Marín, J., Putz, E., Folberth, G., Pfister, G., Weissflog, L., Elansky, N. P., Sørensen, Søren, Barnes, Ian, Becker, K. H., Shao, M., Heiden, A. C., Kley, D., Rockel, P., Wildt, J., Silva, G. V. A., Vasconcelos, M. T., Fernandes, E. O., Santos, A. M. S., Skov, Henrik, Hansen, Asger, Løfstrøm, Per, Lorenzen, Gitte, Stabel, J. R., Wolkoff, P., Pedersen, T., Strom, A. B., Skov, Henrik, Hertel, Ole, Jensen, Finn Palmgren, Hjorth, Jens, Galle, Bosse, Wallin, Svante, Theloke, J., Libuda, H. G., Zabel, F., Touaty, Muriel, Bonsang, Bernard, Ullerstam, M., Langer, S., Ljungström, E., Wenger, John, Bonard, Amélie, Manning, Marcus, Nolan, Sinéad, O’Sullivan, Niamh, Sidebottom, Howard, Wenger, John, Collins, Eoin, Moriarty, Jennie, O’Donnell, Sinéad, Sidebottom, Howard, Wenger, John, Collins, Eoin, Moriarty, Jennie, O’Donnell, Sinéad, Sidebottom, Howard, Wenger, John, Sidebottom, Howard, Chadwick, Paul, O’Leary, Barbara, Treacy, Jack, Wolkoff, Peder, Clausen, Per A., Wilkins, Cornelius K., Hougaard, Karin S., Nielsen, Gunnar D., Zilinskis, Viktors, Jansons, Guntis, Peksens, Aigars, Lazdins, Agris, Arinci, Y. V., Erdöl, N., Ekinci, E., Okutan, H., Manlafalioglu, I., Bakeas, Evangelos B., Siskos, Panayotis A., Viras, Loizos G., Smirnioudi, Vasiliki N., Bottenheim, Jan W., Biesenthal, Thomas, Gong, Wanmin, Makar, Paul, Delmas, Véronique, Menard, Tamara, Tatry, Véronique, Moussafir, Jacques, Thomas, Dominique, Coppalle, Alexis, Ellermann, Thomas, Hertel, Ole, Skov, Henrik, Frohn, Lise, Manscher, Ole H., Friis, Jørgen, Girgzdiene, Rasa, Girgzdys, Aloyzas, Gurevich, N. A., Gårdfeldt, Katarina, Langer, Sarka, Hermans, C., Vandaele, A. C., Carleer, M., Fally, S., Colin, R., Bernath, P. F., Jenouvrier, A., Coquart, B., Mérienne, M. -F., Hertel, Ole, Frohn, Lise, Skov, Henrik, Ellermann, Thomas, Huntrieser, H., Schlager, H., Feigl, C., Kemp, Kåre, Palmgren, Finn, Kiilsholm, Sissi, Rasmussen, Alix, Sørensen, Jens Havskov, Klemm, Otto, Lange, Holger, Larsen, René Wugt, Larsen, Niels Wessel, Nicolaisen, Flemming, Sørensen, Georg Ole, Beukes, Jon Are, Larsen, Poul Bo, Jensen, Steen Solvang, Fenger, Jes, de Leeuw, Gerrit, Kunz, Gerard, Cohen, Leo, Schlünzen, Heinke, Muller, Frank, Schulz, Michael, Tamm, Susanne, Geernaert, Gary, Hertel, Ole, Pedersen, Britta, Geernaert, Lise Lotte Sørensen, Lund, Søren, Vignati, Elisabetta, Jickells, Tim, Spokes, Lucinda, Matei, C., Jinga, O. A., Jinga, D. C., Moliner, R., Braekman-Danheux, C., Fontana, A., Suelves, I., Thieman, T., Vassilev, S., Skov, Henrik, Hertel, Ole, Zlatev, Zahari, Brandt, Jørgen, Bastrup-Birk, Annemarie, Ellermann, Thomas, Frohn, Lise, Vandaele, A. C., Hermans, C., Carleer, M., Tsouli, A., Colin, R., Windsperger, Andreas M., Turi, Kristina, Dworak, Oliver, Zellweger, C., Weingartner, E., Rüttimann, R., Hofer, P., Baltensperger, U., Ziv, A., Iakovleva, E., Palmgren, F., Berkovicz, R., Skov, H., Alastuey, A., Querol, X., Chaves, A., Lopez-Soler, A., Ruiz, C., Andrees, J. M., Allegrini, I., Febo, A., Giusto, M., Angeloni, M., Di Filippo, P., D’Innocenzio, F., Lepore, L., Marconi, A., Arshinov, M. Yu., Belan, B. D., Davydov, D. K., Kovaleskii, V. K., Plotinov, A. P., Pokrovskii, E. V., Sklyadneva, T. K., Tolmachev, G. N., Arshinov, M. Yu., Belan, B. D., Sklyadneva, T. K., Behnke, Wolfgang, Elend, Manfred, Krüger, Ulrich, Zetzsch, Cornelius, Belan, B. D., Arshinov, M. Yu., Davydov, D. K., Kovalevskii, V. K., Plotnikov, A. P., Pokrovskii, E. V., Rasskazchikova, T. M., Sklyadneva, T. K., Tolmachev, G. N., Belan, B. D., Arshinov, M. Yu., Simonenkov, D. V., Tolmachev, G. N., Bilde, Merete, Aker, Pamela M., Börensen, C., Kirchner, U., Scheer, V., Vogt, R., Ellermann, T., Geernaert, L. L. S., Pryor, S. C., Barthelmie, R. J., Feilberg, Anders, Nielsen, Torben, Kamens, Richard M., Freitas, M. C., Marques, A. P., Reis, M. A., Alves, L. C., Ilyinskikh, N. N., Ilyinskikh, I. N., Ilyinskikh, E. N., Johansen, Keld, Stavnsbjerg, Peter, Gabrielsson, Pär, Bak, Flemming, Andersen, Erik, Autrup, Herman, Kamens, Richard, Jang, Myoseon, Strommen, Michael, Leach, Keri, Kirchner, U., Scheer, V., Börensen, C., Vogt, R., Igor, Komov, Svjatoslav, Galiy, Anatoliy, Burlak, Komov, I. L., Istchenko, A. A., Lourenço, M. G., MacTavish, D., Sirois, A., Masclet, Pierre, Jaffrezo, Jean Luc, van der Meulen, A., Milukaite, A., Morkunas, V., Jurgutis, P., Mikelinskiene, A., Nielsen, Torben, Feilberg, Anders, Binderup, Mona Lise, Pineda, M., Palacios, J. M., Garcia, E., Cilleruelo, C., Moliner, R., Popovitcheva, O. B., Trukhin, M. E., Persiantseva, N. M., Buriko, Yu, Starik, A. M., Demirdjian, B., Suzanne, J., Probst, T. U., Rietz, B., Alfassi, Z. B., Pokrovskiy, V. A., Zenobi, R., Bogatyr’ov, V. M., Gun’ko, V. M., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Lopez-Soler, A., Mantilla, E., Plana, F., Artiño, B., Rauterberg-Wulff, A., Israël, G. W., Rocha, Teresa A. P., Duarte, Armando C., Röhrl, Andreas, Lammel, Gerhard, Spindler, G., Müller, K., Herrmann, H., Strommen, Michael R., Vignati, Elisabetta, de Leeuw, Gerrit, and Berkowicz, Ruwim

Published
1998
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74. Bioassay-directed chemical analysis of Los Angeles airborne particulate matter using a human cell mutagenicity assay

Author

Hannigan, Michael P., Cass, Glen R., Penman, Bruce W., Crespi, Charles L., Lafleur, Arthur L., Busby, William F., Jr., Thilly, William G., and Simoneit, Bernd R. T.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

Unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) are the main sources of human cell mutagenicity within airborne fine particulate matter found in Los Angeles, CA. The main types of PACs found in the airborne matter are benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, cyclopental[cd]pyrene, and benzo[k]flouranthene. Other mutagens present in the airborne particulate matter include 6H-benzo[cd]pyren-6-one and 2-nitrofluoranthene.

Published
1998

75. Gas-phase and particle phase organic compounds emitted from motor vehicle traffic in a Los Angeles roadway tunnel

Author

Fraser, Matthew P., Cass, Glen R., and Simoneit, Bernd R. T.

Subjects
Los Angeles, California -- Research, Tunnels -- Research, Air pollution -- Research, Carbon monoxide -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

A Los Angeles roadway tunnel yielded carbon monoxide emissions rates of 130 g L-1 of gasoline-equivalent fuel burned and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of 9.1 gL-1. The concentration of organic compounds in the tunnel is consistent with a linear combination of the pollutants over a fairly wide range of about 74-97% vehicle exhaust when VOC emissions composition in the tunnel compared to that of tailpipe emissions source test date and to the composition of additional unburned whole gasoline. The fine particulate emissions within the tunnel are made up mostly of carbonaceous material and ammonium nitrate.

Published
1998

77. Sources of fine organic aerosol. 9. pine, oak, and synthetic log combustion in residential fireplaces

Author

Rogge, Wolfgang F., Hildemann, Lynn M., Mazurek, Monica A., Cass, Glen R., and Simoneit, Bernd R. T.

Subjects
Air pollution -- Research, Combustion gases -- Environmental aspects, Fireplaces -- Environmental aspects, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

The fine particle organic carbon (OC) emmisions to the Los Angeles urban atmosphere appear to have come mostly from the combustion of wood. The fine organic aerosol from wood combustion accounts for 14% of the total OC emissions annually and 30% on winter days. Pine and oak logs are found to produce smoke rich with lignin decomposition products. Resin acids and their thermal alteration products mostly constitute pine smoke. Synthetic log combustion, meanwhile, yields major components of petroleum products combined with traces of sawdust components from which it is made.

Published
1998

81. Air quality model evaluation data for organics. 4. C2-C36 non-aromatic hydrocarbons

Author

Fraser, Matthew P., Cass, Glen R., Simoneit, Bernd R. T., and Rasmussen, R. A.

Subjects
Los Angeles, California -- Research, Photochemical smog -- Research, Alkanes -- Research, Hydrocarbon research -- Evaluation, Environmental issues, Science and technology
Abstract

N-alkanes appear to be the most abundant among the 143 non-aromatic hydrocarbons measured in 36 samples collected during a severe photochemical smog occurrence in Los Angeles, CA. The concentrations of individual low moleculer weight alkenes is reduced during transport across the city in the expected order as they react with the hydroxyl radicals. A substantial decrease in the concentration of petroleum biomarkers, which serve as tracers for particulate organics emitted from vehicle exhaust, was observed between 1982 and 1993.

Published
1997

83. Chapter 10 Future research

Author

Holm, Nils G., Cairns-Smith, A. Graham, Daniel, Roy M., Ferris, James P., Hennet, Remy J. -C., Shock, Everett L., Simoneit, Bernd R. T., and Yanagawa, Hiroshi

Published
1992
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88. Aqueous organic geochemistry at high temperature/high pressure

Author

Simoneit, Bernd R. T

Subjects
Oceanography
Abstract

A description of the fate and chemical alterations of organic matter under hydrothermal conditions is given, with a brief overview of the geographic localities where these processes have been investigated to date. Two major aspects are examined: (1) alteration and degradation processes and reactions, both reductive and oxidative; and (2) synthesis processes and reactions which are primarily reductive. Examples of industrial applications of the related supercritical fluid technology are discussed.

Published
1992
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93. Seasonal variations of sugars in atmospheric particulate matter from Gosan, Jeju Island: Significant contributions of airborne pollen and Asian dust in spring

Author

Fu, Pingqing, Kawamura, Kimitaka, Kobayashi, Minoru, and Simoneit, Bernd R. T.

Subjects
Sucrose, Airborne pollen, Asian dust, Saccharides, Organic aerosols
Abstract

Sugars are important water-soluble organic constituents of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). In order to better understand the sources and seasonal variations of sugars in aerosols, primary saccharides (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and trehalose) and sugar alcohols (arabitol and mannitol), together with levoglucosan, have been studied in ambient aerosols at Gosan, Jeju Island in the western North Pacific, the downwind region of the Asian outflow, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the sugar composition varied seasonally with a total concentration range of 6.8-1760 ng m^[-3] (mean 246 ng m^[-3]). The total identified sugars had the highest concentration in April, the spring bloom season at Jeju Island, when sucrose contributed up to 80% of the total sugars. The dominance of sucrose was also detected in pollen samples, suggesting that pollen can contribute significantly to sucrose in aerosols during the spring bloom. The seasonal variation of trehalose is consistent with those of non-sea-salt Ca2+ and δ13C of total carbon with elevated levels during the Asian dust storm events. This study indicates that sugar compounds in atmospheric PM over East Asia can be derived from biomass burning, Asian dust, and primary biological aerosols such as fungal spores and pollen. Furthermore, this study supports the idea that sucrose could be used as a tracer for airborne pollen grains, and trehalose as a tracer for Asian dust outflow.

Published
2012

97. Morphology of Cunninghamia chaneyi from the Middle Miocene Clarkia flora northern Idaho

Author

REMBER, WILLIAM C., OTTO, ANGELIKA, and SIMONEIT, BERND R. T.

Subjects
Paleobotany -- Miocene, Botany -- Morphology, Plants, Fossil -- Research, Plants -- Chemical analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

The occurrence of Cunninghamia chaneyi from the middle Miocene sediments of the former Lake Clarkia in Northern Idaho is the last known occurrence of this genus in the geologic record of North America. Cunninghamia chaneyi has been reported on the basis of foliar branches from the Oligocene Rujada, Lyons and Bridgecreek floras of Oregon and the Oligocene Gumboot flora of southwestern Washington. These resemble the extant C. lanceolata. The C. marquettii from the Haynes Creek flora of east central Idaho more closely resembles C. konishii. Both C. protokonishii from the middle Miocene of Japan and C. europaea from the later Miocene of Poland also resemble C. konishii. The C. miocenica that has been described from the Oligocene and Miocene of central Europe is thought to be intermediate between the two extant species. The Clarkia Cunninghamia chaneyi is represented at four localities by well preserved compressions and impressions of foliar branches, rarely single needles, seed cones and pollen cone fascicles. The foliar branches are similar to those found beneath arboretum trees of C. lanceolata. The needles are lightly smaller in both width and length than those of the extant species. The size of the cones and cone fascicles of the fossils is identical to that of the extant C. lanceolata. However the shape of the cone bracts, the reduced cone scales and the seed attachment scars are some what different from that of the extant species. Most significantly, stomatal bands on the fossil species are half as wide as those on the extant species. The excellent preservation allowed analysis of extractable chemical compounds from foliar branches and cones of Cunninghamia chaneyi from Clarkia. Several mono-, sesqui- and diterpenoids have been identified in the extracts. The sesquiterpenoid pattern is similar to that described from the resin of C. miocenica from Central Europe.

Published
2000

98. Chemical characteristics of five fossil conifer species from the Miocene Clarkia Flora, Emerald Creek, Idaho, USA

Author

OTTO, ANGELIKA, REMBER, WILLIAM C., and SIMONEIT, BERND R. T.

Subjects
Conifers -- Research, Paleobotany -- Miocene, Plants, Fossil -- Research, Plants -- Chemical analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

The excellent preservation of plant macrofossils of the Miocene Clarkia flora, Emerald Creek, Idaho, USA, allowed the analysis of the extractable chemical compounds of five fossil conifer species. Foliar branches and cones of Cunninghamia chaneyi, Glyptostrobus oregonensis and Taxodium dubium (Taxodiaceae) and foliar branches of Metasequoia occidentalis (Taxodiaceae) and Calocedrus sp. (Cupressaceae) have been extracted with organic solvents, and the extracts have been analyzed as is and derivatized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Generally, the extracts from foliar branches and cones of the same species showed similar extract patterns while the extracts from different species yielded different extract compositions. Several sesqui- and diterpenoids that probably originate from the resins have been identified. Most of the terpenoids have been degraded during diagenesis, but some compounds have been preserved unaltered. An aliphatic alcohol, n-nonacosan- 10-ol, that occurs in the waxes of extant conifers was present in the foliage of all investigated fossil conifers. Furthermore, all conifer species contained the diterpenoids ferruginol and 6,7-dihydroferruginol which are known from extant species of Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae and Podocarpaceae. The fossil conifer species showed characteristic diterpenoid patterns which in part match the compounds that have been found in related extant species. In Taxodium dubium some terpenoids (sugiol, ferruginol methylether, isochamaecydine) have been identified which also occur in extant T. distichum. Glyptostrobus oregonensis contains terpenoids similar to Taxodium dubium, but lacks ferruginol methylether. Cunninghamia chaneyi is characterized by two diterpenoids (hinokiol, hinokione) that have also been identified in the extracts of extant C. lanceolata. Specific terpenoids have not been observed in the foliar branches of Metasequoia occidentalis. Extracts of Calocedrus sp. (Cupressaceae) contain totarol which is known from numerous extant species of Cupressaceae and Podocarpaceae, but has been described only from one species of the Taxodiaceae (Cryptomeria).

Published
2000

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