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Education at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Medan considers religious values, ethics, leadership, and participation in extracurricular activities as an integral part of student character building. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a classification system that integrates these various aspects to ensure that the best students not only excel in academic exams but also have strong social, leadership, moral and extracurricular abilities. The purpose of this research is to implement the Random Forest Ensemble method in predicting the best students of MAN 1 Medan and build a system in predicting the best students of MAN 1 Medan using the Random Forest Ensemble method. The data used is 550 divided into 385 data as Training data and 165 Testing data. In the implementation of Random Forest with three decision trees formed from entropy calculations on 385 training data, followed by testing using 10 testing data from a total of 165 existing data, the results show that the model predicts 8 data as class 1 (best students) and 2 data as class 0 (normal students) from a total of 10 testing data. From the test results using 385 training data and 165 testing data, the Random Forest model predicted 70 data as the best students (class 1) and 95 data as normal students (class 0) with high precision for both classes (0.94 for class 0 and 0.99 for class 1), as well as high recall for both classes (0.92 for class 0 and 0.99 for class 1) The overall accuracy reached 0.96, confirming the model's ability to classify the data well overall.

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, various countries are always trying their best to restore global stability. One effective way is the discovery of several vaccines to prevent transmission of the virus. Indonesia is one of the countries that is aggressively implementing the COVID-19 vaccination. The vaccination process which has been carried out from February 2021 until the end of 2021 has covered approximately 160 million people or 76.83% of the target set by the government. Vaccine recipients have criteria to be able to get vaccinated to avoid side effects or complications. So it is necessary to classify groups that can receive vaccines and also delay vaccination. This research aims to determine the performance of the learning vector quantization classification method. Learning vector quantization method classification produces 95% accuracy, 97% precision, and 96% sensitivity. From these performance measurements, it can be concluded that the learning vector quantization method is very good and can be used in the classification of COVID-19 vaccination recipients at the Parumpanai Public Health Center, East Luwu Regency.

Abstract Ebola virus (EBOV) is able to persist and actively replicate in the reproductive tract of male disease survivors months or years after recovery from Ebola virus disease (EVD)1. Persistent EBOV infections are usually asymptomatic and can be transmitted sexually, but the host and viral factors that mediate these infections have not been characterized2,3. We investigated the interaction between host and viral factors during EBOV infection of the blood testis barrier (BTB), with a focus on Sertoli cells as a potential reservoir for viral persistence. We assessed viral replication kinetics and host responses of mouse testicular Leydig cells and Sertoli cells infected with EBOV Makona (i.e. infectious EBOV) and collected samples up to 28 days post-infection. Viral replication was apparent in both cell lines, but intracellular early viral loads were much higher in Leydig cells compared to Sertoli cells. We used RNAseq analysis to characterize transcriptomic responses of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells to EBOV infection over time. Further investigation of early interactions between host cells and EBOV was performed using virus-like particles (EBOV trVLP) and assays of phosphorylation-based cell signaling. Our findings indicate that virus-treated Sertoli cells responded more rapidly and robustly than Leydig cells, and with a particular emphasis on detection of, and response to, external stimuli. We discuss how the roles played by Sertoli cells in immune privilege and spermatogenesis may affect their initial and continued response to EBOV infection in a manner that could facilitate asymptomatic persistence.

In this research, it is aimed to compare the preschool education curricula of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), England, Finland, Southern Cyprus and India. In this study, pre-school education curricula in TRNC, England, Finland, Southern Cyprus and India were examined and the age groups covered by the curricula, their general objectives, areas of achievements, content and evaluation sections were compared. In the selection of the curricula of the countries included in the study, easily accessible and convenient sampling was used and the curricula of the countries whose full texts can be accessed on the internet were included. The data were collected using the document analysis method and the scanning model was used to determine the existing situation. The data in the study were obtained by using descriptive analysis and content analysis methods. When the findings of the research are examined, it is stated that the TRNC preschool education program has limited the age range, has aims and achievements to support all developmental areas, deals with early literacy, mathematics and environmental awareness in detail, is quite comprehensive in terms of content, it is also included in the evaluation of the teacher. All these points are considered as strengths of the TRNC preschool education program. It has also been observed that there are features that need to be improved. The TRNC program does not include self-evaluation of the child, does not emphasize the communication and interaction of society-school-programme-child. Suggestions are provided at the end of the study in accordance with the research findings.

Background The prevalence of depression among adolescents is an increasing global problem, including in Bangladesh as well. This cross-sectional data was collected to examine the physiological and psychological risk factors for depression among college-going adolescents in Bangladesh. Methodology Simple random sampling was employed as a sampling technique during the study period from May 2022 to August 2022. In the survey, a total of 1919 college-going adolescents were included through a Google-based questionnaire platform. The survey included socio-demographic characteristics and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) questions. Before starting the survey, the questionnaire was translated and pre-tested in Bengali. To assess the dataset's feasibility and effectiveness, the pre-testing was done with a total of 43 adolescents. The questionnaire was revised several times before the final study to ensure it satisfied all standards. Conclusion This dataset may be valuable for researchers investigating the relationship between academic performance, psychological well-being, and other socio-demographic characteristics. To get a deeper understanding of the broader framework, policymakers may find it advantageous to enact policies that are specifically tailored to meet the needs and preferences of adolescents

This research aims to find out the tradition of appointing parents of the same family as a condition of Malay traditional marriage and to find out how the Rokan Hulu Ulama views on the tradition. This research is designed with a qualitative method to be able to explain in as much detail as possible about the appointment of parents of the same family as a condition of Malay traditional marriage. This research is a normative-empirical research with a sociological approach. Primary data sources are obtained from interviews with several respondents, while secondary data sources are obtained from several references that explain the tradition of the appointment of surname parents as a condition of Malay traditional marriage in Rokan Hulu. While the analysis technique is descriptive. The results of this study found that the Rokan Hulu ulama did not approve of the appointment of semarga parents as a condition of marriage. Based on the results of this study, the author concludes that the Rokan Hulu scholars agreed to disagree with the appointment of parents of the same family as a condition of marriage because it contradicts the law of shara' and makes it difficult for someone who wants to get married, then this tradition only applies in the Rokan Hulu area and does not apply universally to Muslims so it deserves to be disapproved by the scholars.

Abstract Background and Aims Regulations response to COVID‐19 has increased internet addiction (IA), depression, and pornography addiction (PA) among adolescents worldwide. The objective of this nationwide study was to assess the current prevalence rate of IA, depression, and PA after the post‐COVID‐19 period among school‐going adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods A total of 8832 male and female adolescents participated in this research. The cross‐sectional study was conducted online using a simple random sampling method. Including the sociodemographic variables, Young's IA Test (IAT‐20) Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), and Pornography Craving Questionnaire (PCQ‐12) were used to measure IA, depression, and PA. By SPSS version 25.0, the prevalence and correlation between IA, depression, and PA were analyzed using the Chi‐square test, binary logistic regression, and a bivariate co‐relation matrix. Results Sixty‐three percent, 76.6%, and 62.9% of the students were suffering from IA, depression, and PA respectively. Depressive and anxious symptoms were significantly associated with IA. Female students were more depressed than males. Males were more addicted to pornography than females. Students who utilized social media but didn't exercise had greater depression and PA. IA, depression, and PA were correlated. Conclusion The research emphasizes the need for comprehensive mental health treatments, digital literacy programs, and family and teacher participation to reduce IA, depression, and PA among adolescents post‐COVID‐19. Promotion of physical exercise and supporting policies to build safer online settings for adolescents are also encouraged.

Abstract Civil infrastructure underpins urban receipts of food, energy, and water (FEW) produced in distant watersheds. In this study, we map flows of FEW goods from watersheds of the contiguous United States to major population centers and highlight the critical infrastructure that supports FEW flows. To do this, we draw upon detailed records of agriculture, electricity, and public water supply production and couple them with commodity flow and infrastructure information. We also compare the flows of virtual water embedded in food and energy commodity flows with physical water flows in inter‐basin water transfer projects around the country. We found that the virtual blue water transfers through crops and electricity to major US cities was 53 billion and 8 billion m3 in 2017, respectively, while physical interbasin water transfers for crops, electricity, and public supply water averaged 20.8 billion m3. Highways are the primary infrastructure used to import virtual water associated with food and fuel into cities, although waterways and railways are most utilized for long‐distance transport. All of the 204 watersheds in the contiguous US support the food, energy, and/or water supplies of major US cities, with dependencies stretching far beyond each city's borders. Still, most cities source the majority of their FEW and embedded water resources from nearby watersheds. Infrastructure such as water supply dams and inland ports serve as important buffers for both local and supply‐chain sourced water stress. These findings can inform efforts to reduce water resources and infrastructure risks in domestic supply chains.

Tropical cyclones have direct and indirect repercussions in many coastal areas worldwide. In coastal regions, several studies have identified the driving factors of cyclonic hazards and their associated impacts. However, previous studies have focused little on cyclone-induced damage and loss, consequences, and adaptation strategies. As a result, it is critical to explore the global focus areas of cyclone-related studies. This review systematically examined cyclone-induced damage and loss, its consequences, adaptation strategies in coastal regions, and associated research gaps. Results revealed eight main types of cyclone-induced damages and losses. About 46 % of studies focused on vegetation damages, followed by water and sanitation (11 %), crop damages (8 %), income or business losses (8 %), health and injuries (8 %), land use and land cover changes (8 %), infrastructural damages (5 %), and mixed damages and losses (5 %). These damages and losses led to further consequences, including disruption of biocenoses, fish death because defoliated leaves carried carbon into the water, changes in forest structure and composition, loss of timber plantation confidence, hampering the steady supply of safe drinking water, raising drinking water costs, unsanitary circumstances, an increase in infectious diseases, a decrease in protein consumption, and business and supply chain interruptions. Approximately 35 % of the studies addressed one or more of the thirteen adaptation strategies identified in this review. Most of these studies documented the use of natural regeneration and tree planting as responses to vegetation damage and water purification and the distribution of emergency-safe water in response to water and sanitation damage. The findings have led to a proposal for an adaptation framework for cyclone-induced damage and loss. This review recommended investigating cyclone-induced land use and land cover change, damage to vegetation functional traits and patterns, health and injuries, service networks, and infrastructural damages.

Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menjawab pokok permasalahan tentang substansi dari hak kebebasan berpendapat yaitu kritik dan penghinaan. Pokok permasalahan dikecilkan menjadi dua rumusan masalah, yaitu tentang perbedaan mendasar yang membedakan unsur-unsur suatu kebebasan berpendapat menjadi suatu kritikan atau menjadi suatu penghinaan. Kemudian, bagaimana dialektika hukum progresif dan hukum positif tentang ketentuan norma hukum hak kebebasan berpendapat. Sehingga untuk menemukan jawaban dari rumusan masalah tersebut, penelitian ini memanfaatkan metode penelitian hukum normatif dan dibingkai dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Bahan hukum didapatkan dari berbagai Undang-Undang yang relevan dan dari berbagai jurnal hukum dengan teknik studi dokumentasi dan interpretasi hukum. Sebagai kesimpulan dalam artikel ini dan merupakan jawaban atas rumusan masalah adalah pertama, unsur yang dominan membedakan antara kritik dan penghinaan adalah unsur fakta dan data serta unsur kesengajaan dengan secara langsung tertuju pada personal seseorang. Kedua, hukum progresif meninjau dari perspektif sosiologis menunjukkan bahwa hak kebebasan berpendapat adalah wadah untuk menyampaikan aspirasi dan keinginan rakyat yang tidak dapat ditampung oleh wakil rakyat secara komprehensif.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the concepts of multiculturalism and multicultural education and the multicultural experiences, attitudes and efficacies of prospective teachers of Turkish based on different variables. The study was carried out with a total of 249 prospective teachers of which 77% were female, and 23% were male who were receiving education in the spring semester of the academic year of 2018-2019 at the department of Turkish education of a state university. The study utilized the Multicultural Efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed by utilizing statistics and statistical techniques such as percentages, frequencies, arithmetic means, standard deviations, t-test and one-way analysis of variance. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient that was calculated for this study was 0.868. Based on the findings of the study, it was determined that the prospective Turkish teachers had above-average and positive efficacies towards multicultural education, the saw themselves capable in the "experience, attitude and selfefficacy" dimensions, their perception levels were high, and among different variables, there were significant differences in their multicultural efficacy levels based on the variables of class and place of residence.

The aim of this study is to analyze the attitudes of prospective Turkish language teachers towards the Course on Instructional Technologies and Material Development and find out whether these attitudes differ on the basis of changes in certain criteria. The sample consisted a total of 161 prospective teachers who took the Course on Instructional Technologies and Material Development offered at the Faculty of Education of a public university in Turkey in the academic year of 2018-2019. In this study, in which the descriptive survey model was used, the data were collected through the "Instructional Technologies and Material Development Course Scale" developed by Çetin et al. (2013). In data analysis, descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized. At the end of the data analysis, it was discerned that, in the attitudes of the prospective Turkish language teachers towards the Course on Instructional Technologies and Material Development, there was a moderate significant difference in terms of the 'enjoyment' and 'denial' sub-scales, whereas there was a strong significant difference in terms of the 'usefulness' sub-scale and the overall scale. In the attitudes of the prospective Turkish language teachers towards the Course on Instructional Technologies and Material Development, there was no significant difference on the basis of the class-year variable, whereas there was a statistically significant difference on the basis of the gender variable in favor of the female participants.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between reading habits and reading anxiety of secondary school students. In this research, the relational survey model of quantitative research methods was used. The research population consists of students who study at primary schools in the Palandöken district of Erzurum province in the 2019-2020 academic year. The research sample consists of students studying at a secondary school in Palandöken district, including 358 student participants. The research data was collected using two scales. According to the findings, while the gender variable made a significant difference in the reading habits of the students, it did not make a significant difference in reading anxiety. In terms of other sub-problems, the variables of grade, watching television, and going to the library differ significantly in terms of students' reading habits and reading anxiety. While there was no significant difference in terms of the mother's educational level variable, there was a significant difference in favor of the students whose father graduated from secondary education. In addition, it was found that there was a negative correlation between reading habits and reading anxiety of secondary school students, and that reading anxiety decreased when students' reading habits increased.

Bangladesh adopted inclusive education for all government primary schools when it implemented the National Education Policy 2010. However, Bangladesh continues to face several challenges in implementing inclusive education, and low teaching quality remains a significant issue in teaching children with special needs. To overcome this challenge, Bangladesh is developing inclusive teacher education. The current study reviewed 25 studies published in the last 15 years to compile and describe teachers' needs for implementing inclusive education in Bangladesh. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' training needs to implement inclusive education. This study also addressed the challenges of limited teacher training resources and discussed the three critical components of teacher training: professional learning, practice and engagement, and specific training content, such as involving children with special needs and collaborating with stakeholders including students, parents, and local leaders. This study also found that government primary school teachers need to be involved in long-term pre-service training. The result of this study can be used to develop a teacher training program for inclusive education in the future to fulfill government primary school teachers' training needs in Bangladesh. The findings of this study suggest the in-service training for government primary school teachers be improved to provide them teaching techniques for diverse students and collaboration skills with stakeholders in school communities to implement quality inclusive education.

In the realm of sustainable development, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance has become a crucial metric for evaluating the long-term viability and ethical conduct of businesses. However, there remains a gap in understanding how these factors operate within the context of developing nations such as Bangladesh. Given the unique socio-economic and environmental challenges faced by such countries, it is imperative to explore the relationship between green tax, energy efficiency, and ESG performance within their manufacturing sectors. Thus, this study investigates direct and mediated effects of green tax and energy efficiency on ESG performance. The study uses 457 responses from manufacturing companies and employs PLS-SEM and ANN model to analyze the data. The results reveal a positive association between green tax policies and ESG performance, indicating that such fiscal measures can contribute to sustainable business practices. Furthermore, energy efficiency initiatives exhibit a positive impact on all dimensions of ESG performance, highlighting their role in fostering environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and effective governance within manufacturing operations. Notably, green tax serves as a mediator between energy efficiency measures and ESG outcomes, emphasizing its intermediary role in driving sustainable practices. This research offers practical insights for policymakers, business leaders, and sustainability practitioners integrating energy efficiency initiatives into green tax policies to enhance ESG performance.

Background: Depression among adolescents is a growing concern worldwide, including in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate depression and its associated factors among college-going adolescents in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1919 college-going adolescents through a Google-based questionnaire covering all administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Respondents’ socio-demographic information was collected, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression. Different statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and multinomial logistic regression, were performed to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that a majority of the adolescents (65.5 %) were female and identified as Muslim (92.0 %). The average age was 17.5 years, with 33.9 % reporting pre-marital relationships and 10.7 % engaging in daily exercise. Alarmingly, over 80 % of college-going adolescents experienced moderate to severe depression (24.3 % moderate; 29.1 % moderately severe, and 26.8 % severe). Factors including gender, social media use, physical exercise, pre-marital relationships, religious practices, experiences of blackmail, and major physical illnesses have significant association (p < 0.001) with the increased risk of depression among college-going adolescents in Bangladesh. The multinomial logistic regression analysis found female adolescents, social media users, those not engaged in regular exercise, individuals in pre-marital relationships, non-practitioners of religion, victims of blackmail, and those with major physical illnesses had the higher odds of experiencing moderate to severe depression. Conclusion: The high depression level among Bangladeshi college-going adolescents underscores the urgent need for targeted mental health intervention to address associated risk factors and promote the well-being of college-going adolescents in Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, male child sexual assault is seldom ever reported. Due to cultural standards, sexual assault survivors often refrain from talking about their experiences. Depression therefore overtakes them. Their mental health declines and their chance of committing suicide rises. The goal of this study was to explore depression and suicide attempts among Bangladeshi male child sexual assault survivors. An online survey was conducted, and data was collected using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and one suicide attempt item. Descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square test, and a binary logistic regression model were fit to analyze the data. A total of 61 participants participated. All the participants were depressed, with 67.21 % having severe depression. 21.31 % of the survivors attempted suicide at least once. Disclosure rates were relatively low, with only 14.75 % of participants reporting affirmative disclosure, Furthermore, a significant proportion of participants experienced repetitive abuse (73.77 %), and the prevalence of physical abuse was also notable, with 78.69 % reporting such experiences. To safeguard children and adolescents, parents as well as government stakeholders must be aware of male child sexual abuse. Public discourse regarding the subject is recommended. To stave off suicide and safeguard victims, experts advise seeking professional assistance.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood that is high for a long period of time. Identification is the process of recognizing and determining the characteristics of a particular object or entity. hypertension (high blood pressure), smoking and lack of physical activity can affect the condition of diabetes mellitus patients. Therefore, an approach is needed that can identify groups of diabetic patients based on their risk factors, so that appropriate management and treatment can be carried out. The purpose of this study is to apply PCA method by reducing data dimension to identify the linear combination of the most contributing risk factors in diabetes mellitus patient data and apply K-Means Clustering to cluster into groups based on similar risk factors. The methods to be used are Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-Means Clustering. type of quantitative research, this research can be categorized as analytic research, variables are risk factors for diabetes mellitus disease. The results of research using the PCA (principal component analysis) method obtained 9 main components (PC) 86.9275%. correlation between attributes and principal components, then a matrix component is formed with a loading value that the greater the value, the stronger the correlation with the principal component formed with a cut off point of loading value> 0.4 regardless of positive and negative. By using the K-Means Clustering method, The clustering results obtained are divided into 3 groups of diabetes patients based on existing risk factors. Centroid C1 represents a group of diabetes mellitus patients whose condition is at a mild level, while Centroid C2 represents a group of diabetes mellitus patients who are at a moderate level, and Centroid C3 represents a group of patients with severe or dangerous diabetes mellitus.

In 2021, pak choi production in Indonesia was 727.47 Mg, marking an increase of 8.2% compared to the 2020 production, which was 667.47 Mg. Therefore, there is a clear need for cultivation improvement, particularly through the implementation of organic fertilisers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of liquid organic fertiliser (LOF) derived from fish waste and duck manure on the growth and yield of the pak choi plant ( Brassica rapa. L. var. Nauli F1). A randomised block design factorial was used with two factors and three replications. The first factor considered was LOF from fish waste, comprising three levels (LOF 0 = control, LOF 1 = 25 cm 3∙dm –3 of water, and LOF2 = 50 cm 3∙dm –3 of water). The second factor focused on duck manure fertiliser (DMF) and involved four levels (DMF 0 = control, DMF 1 = 3.7 kg∙plot –1, DMF 2 = 5.55 kg∙plot –1, and DMF 3 = 7.4 kg∙plot –1). The results showed that the application of LOF from fish waste positively influenced the growth and yield of pak choi, with the most effective treatment observed in LOF1 (25 cm 3∙dm –3 of water). However, the application of DMF did not yield a significant difference in its effect on the growth and yield of the pak choi plant. The control treatment (DMF 0) reported comparable results and the combination of LOF from fish waste and DMF did not show a significant effect, with the most favourable findings observed in the LOF 2DMF 0 treatment (50 cm 3∙dm –3 and control).