127 results on '"Shikha D"'
Search Results
52. Semi-Markov process based model for performance analysis of wireless LANs.
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Kadiyala, M.K., Shikha, D., Pendse, R., and Jaggi, N.
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- 2011
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53. Corrosion and Thrombogenicity of Argon-Implanted HAP/Alumina.
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SHAHID, MD., SHIKHA, D., and SINHA, S. K.
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HYDROXYAPATITE coating ,ALUMINUM oxide ,ION beams ,SOL-gel processes ,PHYSIOLOGIC salines - Abstract
The article presents a study that investigate corrosion and thrombogenicity of hydroxyapatite (HAP) coating on an alumina substrate. It focuses on the use of technique called ion beam mixing for surface modification for the study and mentions that HAP thin films were grown on alumina using sol-gel that were further mixed with MeV Argon (AH) ions. It also discusses corrosion resistance in Ringer solution.
- Published
- 2016
54. Periradicular Cystic Enucleation and PRF Grafting Following Apicoectomy in Trichotillomania Patient- A Case Report
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Vimanyu kataria, Surender Sodhi, Shikha Dogra, and Vignesh Guptha Raju
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accelerated healing ,obsessive compulsive disorder ,surgical endodontics ,Medicine - Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment planning of untreated traumatised anterior teeth specially in children with psychiatric disorders or special health care needs is a challenge to paediatric dentist, that too in non-pharmacological means is a difficult task. Most of the time when these patients report with such complaint, it is already too late. This could be due to unintentional reasons like lack of parent awareness or patient’s response at the time of insult. All these factors bypass the time of conservative and minimal invasive treatment approaches. Ultimately, delayed treatment of trauma to anterior region exposes pulp and infection progress to periradicular region with cystic changes. Here, in this case report, the non-pharmacological management of periradicular cyst enucleation, followed by apicoectomy and Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) grafting was done in a 15-year-old female patient with obsessive compulsive disorder i.e., Trichotillomania (TTM) under local anaesthesia. Symptoms and intraoral swelling was resolved postoperatively in follow-up visits.
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- 2020
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55. Leprosy drug clofazimine activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and synergizes with imatinib to inhibit chronic myeloid leukemia cells
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Harish Kumar, Sourav Chattopadhyay, Nabanita Das, Sonal Shree, Dinesh Patel, Jogeswar Mohapatra, Anagha Gurjar, Sapana Kushwaha, Abhishek Kumar Singh, Shikha Dubey, Kiran Lata, Rajesh Kushwaha, Riyazuddin Mohammed, Krishnarup Ghosh Dastidar, Namrata Yadav, Achchhe Lal Vishwakarma, Jiaur Rahaman Gayen, Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay, Abhijit Chatterjee, Mukul Rameshchandra Jain, Anil Kumar Tripathi, Arun Kumar Trivedi, Naibedya Chattopadhyay, Ravishankar Ramachandran, and Sabyasachi Sanyal
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Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Abstract
Leukemia stem cells contribute to drug-resistance and relapse in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and BCR-ABL1 inhibitor monotherapy fails to eliminate these cells, thereby necessitating alternate therapeutic strategies for patients CML. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist pioglitazone downregulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and in combination with imatinib induces complete molecular response in imatinib-refractory patients by eroding leukemia stem cells. Thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone are, however, associated with severe side effects. To identify alternate therapeutic strategies for CML we screened Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs in K562 cells and identified the leprosy drug clofazimine as an inhibitor of viability of these cells. Here we show that clofazimine induced apoptosis of blood mononuclear cells derived from patients with CML, with a particularly robust effect in imatinib-resistant cells. Clofazimine also induced apoptosis of CD34+38− progenitors and quiescent CD34+ cells from CML patients but not of hematopoietic progenitor cells from healthy donors. Mechanistic evaluation revealed that clofazimine, via physical interaction with PPARγ, induced nuclear factor kB-p65 proteasomal degradation, which led to sequential myeloblastoma oncoprotein and peroxiredoxin 1 downregulation and concomitant induction of reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis. Clofazimine also suppressed STAT5 expression and consequently downregulated stem cell maintenance factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and -2α and Cbp/P300 interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 2 (CITED2). Combining imatinib with clofazimine caused a far superior synergy than that with pioglitazone, with clofazimine reducing the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of imatinib by >4 logs and remarkably eroding quiescent CD34+ cells. In a K562 xenograft study clofazimine and imatinib co-treatment showed more robust efficacy than the individual treatments. We propose clinical evaluation of clofazimine in imatinib-refractory CML.
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- 2020
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56. Evaluation of stable reference genes in white mustard (Sinapis alba) for qRT-PCR analysis under various stress conditions
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SHIKHA DIXIT, VINOD KUMAR JANGID, and ANITA GROVER
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geNorm ,Normfinder ,Reference genes ,qRT-PCR ,Sinapis alba ,Agriculture - Abstract
White mustard (Sinapis alba L.) is a member of Brassicaceae family and is a source of various biotics stress resistance genes. S. alba is closely related to the cultivated Brassica juncea which exhibit susceptibility towards various pathogens. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is an efficient method to estimate the gene expression levels but the efficiency of its outcome is largely influenced by the stability of the reference gene. Many studies have reported considerable variation in the expression of reference genes in different tissues and treatments therefore, screening for accurate reference genes is important for functional analysis of the target gene. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying suitable reference genes for efficient quantitative gene expression analysis in S. alba. This experiment was conducted in National Phytotron Facility, IARI, Pusa campus in the month of November-December 2017. In this study, stability of seven candidate reference genes were identified across diverse samples of S. alba representing- hormone treated, wounded and A. brassicae inoculated samples. Results revealed that TIPS41 and PP2A the overall best performing reference genes in S. alba. However, best-ranked reference gene should be selected according to the specific sample subset.
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- 2020
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57. In silico characterization of WRKY33 TF from Sinapis alba
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VINOD KUMAR JANGID, SHIKHA DIXIT, LALIT DEV TIWARI, INDRA SINGH, ATMAKURI RAMAKRISHNA RAO, and ANITA GROVER
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Docking ,Plant defense ,Sinapis alba ,Transcription factors ,WRKY33 ,W-Box ,Agriculture - Abstract
The WRKY family of transcription factors modulates the host defense mechanisms in response to various environmental stresses. The role of WRKY33 in plant defense and its crosstalk with defense hormone was well established in Arabidopsis but very few information was noted in Sinapis alba. The present study was carried out in 2017, in which computational approaches to characterize the structural and functional features of SaWRKY33 transcription factor was used. Full length WRKY33 coding sequence (1509 bp) from S. alba has been cloned, sequenced and identified as AtWRKY33 homolog. The expression of SaWRKY33 was scored higher in fungal pathogen challenged and jasmonate-treated samples while lower expression was noticed in salicylate-treated samples. Phylogenetic classification, sequence alignment and MEME-based motif scanning demonstrated the remarkable sequential conservation in the WRKY domains and SaWRKY33 clusters with Crambe abyssinica exhibiting the monophyletic origin and paraphyletic evolution from their wild relatives. STRING data showed SaWRKY33 were interacted with MKS1, MPK3, SIB1, and those are involved in plant defense responses against diverse stress conditions. The homology-based modeling of SaWRKY33 functional WRKY domains showed acceptable Ramachandran statistics and satisfies all the necessary energy parameters. The Hex Docking server-based analysis of DNA-protein interaction showed that WRKY domain binds to the W-box through WRKYGQK along with few conserved amino acid residues in the flanking sequences and zinc finger motifs.
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- 2020
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58. Early childhood caries in preschool children of gram panchayat Anoo, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh
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Shikha Dogra, Rangeela Ram Rao, Gaurav Pratap Singh, Swetha Mohan, and Amit Patel
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Anganwadis ,early childhood caries ,preschool children ,risk factors ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Aim and Objectives: A study on prevalence and associated etiological factors of ECC. This study aimed to find the prevalence of ECC and the associated factors among preschool children in Anoo village, Hamirpur district (H.P). Materials and Methods: A sample of 65 children of age between 1 to 5 years was selected from anganwadi units of Anoo village. Dental caries was recorded and information regarding risk factors for caries was obtained through a questionnaire given to mothers or caretakers. Result: The prevalence of ECC was 55.38% and there was a strong association of ECC with some of the risk factors studied. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need of dental health programs in preschool children. Increasing the awareness regarding maintaining good oral hygiene and encouraging the intake of healthy snacks in children can reduce ECC in concerned population.
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- 2018
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59. REMOTE SENSING OF COTTON NITROGEN STATUS USING THE CANOPY CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT INDEX (CCCI).
- Author
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El-Shikha, D. M., Barnes, E. M., Clarke, T. R., Hunsaker, D. J., Haberland, J. A., Pinter Jr., P. J., Waller, E. M., and Thompson, T. L.
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CROPS , *NITROGEN , *COTTON , *PLANT nutrients , *PLANT canopies , *CHLOROPHYLL - Abstract
Various remote sensing indices have been used to infer crop nitrogen (N) status for field-scale nutrient management. However, such indices may indicate erroneous N status if there is a decrease in crop canopy density influenced by other factors, such as water stress. The Canopy Chlorophyll Content Index (CCCI) is a two--dimensional remote sensing index that has been proposed for inferring cotton N status. The CCCI uses reflectances in the near-infrared (NIR) and red spectral regions to account for seasonal changes in canopy density, while reflectances in the NIR and far-red regions are used to detect relative changes in canopy chlorophyll, a surrogate for N content. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the CCCI and several other remote sensing indices for detecting the N status for cotton during the growing season. A secondary objective was to evaluate the ability of the indices to appropriately detect N in the presence of variable water status. Remote sensing data were collected during the 1998 (day of year [DOY] 114 to 310) and 1999 (DOY 106 to 316) cotton seasons in Arizona, in which treatments of optimal and low levels of N and water were imposed. In the 1998 season, water treatments were not imposed until late in the season (DOY 261), well after full cover. Following an early season N application in 1998 for the optimal (DOY 154) but not the low N treatment, the CCCI detected significant differences in crop N status between the N treatments starting on DOY 173, when canopy cover was about 30%. A common vegetation index, the ratio of NIR to red (RVI), also detected significant separation between N treatments, but RVI detection occurred 16 days after the CCCI response. After an equal amount of N was applied to both optimal and low N treatments on DOY 190 in 1998, the CCCI indicated comparable N status for the N treatments on DOY 198, a trend not detected by RVI. In the 1999 season, both N and water treatments were imposed early and frequently during the season. The N status was poorly described by both the CCCI and RVI under partial canopy conditions when water status differed among treatments. However, once full canopy was obtained in 1999, the CCCI provided reliable N status information regardless of water status. At full cotton cover, the CCCI was significantly correlated with measured parameters of N status, including petiole NO3-N (r = 0.74), SPAD chlorophyll (r = 0.65), and total leaf N contents (r = 0.86). For well-watered cotton, the CCCI shows promise as a useful indicator of cotton N status after the canopy reaches about 30% cover. However, further study is needed to develop the CCCI as a robust N detection tool independent of water stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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60. Evaluation of suitable reference genes in Brassica juncea and its wild relative Camelina sativa for qRT-PCR analysis under various stress conditions.
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Shikha Dixit, Vinod Kumar Jangid, and Anita Grover
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is an efficient method to estimate the gene expression levels but the accuracy of its result largely depends on the stability of the reference gene. Many studies have reported considerable variation in the expression of reference genes (RGs) in different tissue and conditions. Therefore, screening for appropriate RGs with stable expression is crucial for functional analysis of the target gene. Two closely related crucifers Brassica juncea (cultivated) and Camelina sativa (wild) respond differently towards various abiotic and biotic stress where C. sativa exhibits higher tolerance to various stress. Comparative gene expression analysis of the target genes between two such species is the key approach to understand the mechanism of a plant's response to stress. However, using an unsuitable RG can lead to misinterpretation of expression levels of the target gene in such studies. In this investigation, the stability of seven candidate RGs including traditional housekeeping genes (HKGs) and novel candidate RGs were identified across diverse sample sets of B. juncea and C. sativa representing- hormone treated, wounded, Alternaria brassicae inoculated and combination treated samples (exogenous hormone treatment followed by A. brassicae inoculation). In this investigation, we identified stable RGs in both the species and the most suitable RGs to perform an unbiased comparative gene expression analysis between B. juncea and C. sativa. Results revealed that TIPS41 and PP2A were identified as the overall best performing RGs in both the species. However, the most suitable RG for each sample subset representing different condition must be individually selected. In Hormone treated and wounded samples TIPS41 expressed stably in both the species and in A. brassicae inoculated and combination treatment performance of PP2A was the best. In this study, for the first time, we have identified and validated stable reference gene in C. sativa for accurate normalization of gene expression data.
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- 2019
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61. Anomalous Event Recognition in Videos Based on Joint Learning of Motion and Appearance with Multiple Ranking Measures
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Shikha Dubey, Abhijeet Boragule, Jeonghwan Gwak, and Moongu Jeon
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anomalous event ,deep multiple instance learning ,deep motion flow ,multiple ranking measures ,data fusion ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Given the scarcity of annotated datasets, learning the context-dependency of anomalous events as well as mitigating false alarms represent challenges in the task of anomalous activity detection. We propose a framework, Deep-network with Multiple Ranking Measures (DMRMs), which addresses context-dependency using a joint learning technique for motion and appearance features. In DMRMs, the spatial-time-dependent features are extracted from a video using a 3D residual network (ResNet), and deep motion features are extracted by integrating the motion flow maps’ information with the 3D ResNet. Afterward, the extracted features are fused for joint learning. This data fusion is then passed through a deep neural network for deep multiple instance learning (DMIL) to learn the context-dependency in a weakly-supervised manner using the proposed multiple ranking measures (MRMs). These MRMs consider multiple measures of false alarms, and the network is trained with both normal and anomalous events, thus lowering the false alarm rate. Meanwhile, in the inference phase, the network predicts each frame’s abnormality score along with the localization of moving objects using motion flow maps. A higher abnormality score indicates the presence of an anomalous event. Experimental results on two recent and challenging datasets demonstrate that our proposed framework improves the area under the curve (AUC) score by 6.5% compared to the state-of-the-art method on the UCF-Crime dataset and shows AUC of 68.5% on the ShanghaiTech dataset.
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- 2021
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62. Measurment of radon, thoron and their progeny in indoor environment of Mohali, Punjab, Northern India, using pinhole dosimeters
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Mehta Vimal, Shikha Deep, Singh Pal Suprret, Chauhan Pal Rishi, and Mudahar Singh Gurmel
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radon ,thoron ,progeny ,solid-state nuclear track detector ,dwelling ,annual effective dose ,ventilation ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
The health hazards of radon and its decay products above certain levels are well known. However, for any preventive measures to be taken, we have to be aware of radon levels of that particular area. Measurement of radon and its decay products in indoor environments is an important aspect of assessing indoor air quality and health conditions associated with it. Keeping this in mind, measurements of radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations were carried out in Mohali, Northern India, using pinhole-based twin cup dosimeters. Radon exhalation rates of soil samples in the dwellings/areas were measured via an active technique of a continuous radon monitor. The indoor radon concentration in Mohali varied from 15.03 ± 0.61 Bq/m3 to 39.21 ± 1.46 Bq/m3 with an average of 26.95 Bq/m3 ,while thoron concentration in the same dwellings varied from 9.62 ± 0.54 Bq/m3 to 52.84 ± 2.77 Bq/m3 with an average of 31.09 Bq/m3. Radon progeny levels in dwellings under study varied from 1.63 to 4.24 mWL, with an average of 2.94 mWL, while thoron progeny levels varied from 0.26 to 1.43 mWL , with an average of 0.84 mWL. The annual dose received by the inhabitants of dwellings under study varied from 0.78 to 2.36 mSv, with an average of 1.61 mSv. The in situ gamma dose rate varied from 0.12 to 0.32 mSv/h.
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- 2016
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63. Esthetic improvement of white spot lesions and non-pitted fluorosis using resin infiltration technique: Series of four clinical cases
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Neeraj Gugnani, I K Pandit, Virinder Goyal, Shalini Gugnani, Jyoti Sharma, and Shikha Dogra
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Brown stains ,dental caries ,dental fluorosis ,minimally invasive technique ,non-pitted fluorosis ,resin infiltration ,white spot lesions ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
White opacities have always been a major concern of esthetics for patients and can have varying etiology. In general, white discolorations of enamel might be due to dental fluorosis, early caries (white spot lesions), developmental defects etc. Conventional treatment options available for such opacities include non-invasive and invasive approaches. Recently, a new "micro-invasive" technique has been introduced as an alternative therapeutic approach that improves such opacities esthetically, in a single sitting, is painless and exhibits no complications. This case series illustrates the use of resin infiltration to treat fluorosis stains and WSLs, exhibiting significant improvement in esthetics.
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- 2014
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64. Indirect evaluation of corneal apoptosis in contact lens wearers by estimation of nitric oxide and antioxidant enzymes in tears
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R P Bhatia, Shikha Dhawan, H D Khanna, and Amitabh Dash
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Apoptosis ,contact lens ,glutathione peroxidase ,nitric oxide ,superoxide dismutase ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Background : Contact lens induced trauma to the corneal epithelium results in increased release of inflammatory mediators. The keratocyte apoptosis is directly related to epithelial injury and has been correlated with increased production of nitric oxide. Potent antioxidant enzymes protect cells from oxidative damage by inactivating reactive oxygen species and thus inhibiting apoptosis. This study aims at determination of total nitric oxide and antioxidant enzymes in tears which will be an indirect criteria for assessing apoptosis. Materials and Methods : Nitric oxide and antioxidant enzymes were estimated in tears of 25 soft contact lens wearers and compared with 25 age and sex matched controls. Results : Statistically significant increase of nitric oxide (P< 0.001), superoxide dismutase (P< 0.001) and glutathione peroxidase (P< 0.001) levels was seen in tears of contact lens wearers as compared to controls. There was also statistically significant increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (P< 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (P< 0.01), with increase in the total duration of contact lens wear in years. Conclusions : Increase in the level of nitric oxide and antioxidant enzymes in tears of contact lens wearers suggested that contact lens wear suppresses the process of apoptosis. However, it was also postulated that the increased levels of nitric oxide balances the anti-apoptotic activities of increased levels of antioxidant enzymes by its pro-apoptotic activity leading to protective outcomes in contact lens wearers.
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- 2010
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65. Correction: Phase I Clinical Trial of a Recombinant Blood Stage Vaccine Candidate for Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Based on MSP1 and EBA175.
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Chetan E Chitnis, Paushali Mukherjee, Shantanu Mehta, Syed Shams Yazdani, Shikha Dhawan, Ahmad Rushdi Shakri, Rukmini Bhardwaj, Puneet Kumar Gupta, Dhiraj Hans, Suman Mazumdar, Bijender Singh, Sanjeev Kumar, Gaurav Pandey, Varsha Parulekar, Nathalie Imbault, Preethi Shivyogi, Girish Godbole, Krishna Mohan, Odile Leroy, Kavita Singh, and Virander S Chauhan
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117820.].
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- 2015
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66. Phase I Clinical Trial of a Recombinant Blood Stage Vaccine Candidate for Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Based on MSP1 and EBA175.
- Author
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Chetan E Chitnis, Paushali Mukherjee, Shantanu Mehta, Syed Shams Yazdani, Shikha Dhawan, Ahmad Rushdi Shakri, Rukmini Bhardwaj, Puneet Kumar Gupta, Dhiraj Hans, Suman Mazumdar, Bijender Singh, Sanjeev Kumar, Gaurav Pandey, Varsha Parulekar, Nathalie Imbault, Preethi Shivyogi, Girish Godbole, Krishna Mohan, Odile Leroy, Kavita Singh, and Virander S Chauhan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
A phase I randomised, controlled, single blind, dose escalation trial was conducted to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of JAIVAC-1, a recombinant blood stage vaccine candidate against Plasmodium falciparum malaria, composed of a physical mixture of two recombinant proteins, PfMSP-1(19), the 19 kD conserved, C-terminal region of PfMSP-1 and PfF2 the receptor-binding F2 domain of EBA175.Healthy malaria naïve Indian male subjects aged 18-45 years were recruited from the volunteer database of study site. Fifteen subjects in each cohort, randomised in a ratio of 2:1 and meeting the protocol specific eligibility criteria, were vaccinated either with three doses (10 μg, 25 μg and 50 μg of each antigen) of JAIVAC-1 formulated with adjuvant Montanide ISA 720 or with standard dosage of Hepatitis B vaccine. Each subject received the assigned vaccine in the deltoid muscle of the upper arms on Day 0, Day 28 and Day 180.JAIVAC-1 was well tolerated and no serious adverse event was observed. All JAIVAC-1 subjects sero-converted for PfF2 but elicited poor immune response to PfMSP-1(19). Dose-response relationship was observed between vaccine dose of PfF2 and antibody response. The antibodies against PfF2 were predominantly of IgG1 and IgG3 isotype. Sera from JAIVAC-1 subjects reacted with late schizonts in a punctate pattern in immunofluorescence assays. Purified IgG from JAIVAC-1 sera displayed significant growth inhibitory activity against Plasmodium falciparum CAMP strain.Antigen PfF2 should be retained as a component of a recombinant malaria vaccine but PfMSP-1(19) construct needs to be optimised to improve its immunogenicity.Clinical Trial Registry, India CTRI/2010/091/000301.
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- 2015
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67. The influence of pH on properties of nanocrystalline ZnSe thin films
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Shikha, D., Vimal Mehta, Sharma, J. K., and Sharma, J.
68. Testicular metastasis in Wilms' tumor
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Shikha Dhal, Maitrik J Mehta, Ankita Parikh, Maitri Bhagat, and Aryakumar Banidutta
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2017
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69. 2-Bromo-5-tert-butyl-N-methyl-N-[2-(methylamino)phenyl]-3-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzamide
- Author
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Poonam Rajesh Prasad, Shikha Das, Harkesh B. Singh, and Ray J. Butcher
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crystal structure ,Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
In the title compound, C27H29BrN4O, benzimidazole ring system and the amide moiety are planar [r.m.s. deviations = 0.016 (2) and 0.017 (1) Å, respectively]. The molecule adopts a conformation in which the amide linkage is almost perpendicular to the central ring [dihedral angle = 85.79 (8)°], while the benzimidazole ring system makes a dihedral angle of 70.26 (11)° with the central ring. In the crystal, the molecules form dimers through N—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...O interactions. These dimers are further linked into zigzag ribbons along [201] by weak C—H...Br interactions. As a result of the bulky nature of the molecule, as evidenced by the large dihedral angles between rings, there is little evidence for any π–π interactions.
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- 2014
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70. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid
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Senjuti Dasgupta, Sudipta Chakrabarti, Prakas Kumar Mandal, and Shikha Das
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association, hashimoto’s thyroiditis, histopathology, medullary carcinoma of thyroid. ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis has been found to be associated with lymphoma, papillary carcinoma and Hürthle cell neoplasms of thyroid. In contrast, there are only a few reports of co-existence of HT with medullary carcinoma of thyroid. An overall prevalence of medullary carcinoma of only 0.35% has been reported in HT patients. Such a rare combination is being presented here. A 33 year old female presented with history of goiter for one year. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the swelling revealed cytological features suggestive of medullary carcinoma of thyroid. Histopathological examination of total thyroidectomy specimen revealed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis along with medullary carcinoma of thyroid. Although Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can uncommonly coexist with thyroid neoplasm, its association with medullary carcinoma is extremely rare and hence being presented. Keywords: association, hashimoto’s thyroiditis, histopathology, medullary carcinoma of thyroid.
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- 2014
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71. Enhancing TB case detection: experience in offering upfront Xpert MTB/RIF testing to pediatric presumptive TB and DR TB cases for early rapid diagnosis of drug sensitive and drug resistant TB.
- Author
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Neeraj Raizada, Kuldeep Singh Sachdeva, Sreenivas Achuthan Nair, Shubhangi Kulsange, Radhey Shayam Gupta, Rahul Thakur, Malik Parmar, Christen Gray, Ranjani Ramachandran, Bhavin Vadera, Shobha Ekka, Shikha Dhawan, Ameet Babre, Mayank Ghedia, Umesh Alavadi, Puneet Dewan, Mini Khetrapal, Ashwini Khanna, Catharina Boehme, and Chinnambedu Nainarappan Paramsivan
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children is challenging due to difficulties in obtaining good quality sputum specimens as well as the paucibacillary nature of disease. Globally a large proportion of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) cases are diagnosed based only on clinical findings. Xpert MTB/RIF, a highly sensitive and specific rapid tool, offers a promising solution in addressing these challenges. This study presents the results from pediatric groups taking part in a large demonstration study wherein Xpert MTB/RIF testing replaced smear microscopy for all presumptive PTB cases in public health facilities across India. METHODS:The study covered a population of 8.8 million across 18 programmatic sub-district level tuberculosis units (TU), with one Xpert MTB/RIF platform established at each study TU. Pediatric presumptive PTB cases (both TB and Drug Resistant TB (DR-TB)) accessing any public health facilities in study area were prospectively enrolled and tested on Xpert MTB/RIF following a standardized diagnostic algorithm. RESULTS:4,600 pediatric presumptive pulmonary TB cases were enrolled. 590 (12.8%, CI 11.8-13.8) pediatric PTB were diagnosed. Overall 10.4% (CI 9.5-11.2) of presumptive PTB cases had positive results by Xpert MTB/RIF, compared with 4.8% (CI 4.2-5.4) who had smear-positive results. Upfront Xpert MTB/RIF testing of presumptive PTB and presumptive DR-TB cases resulted in diagnosis of 79 and 12 rifampicin resistance cases, respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) for rifampicin resistance detection was high (98%, CI 90.1-99.9), with no statistically significant variation with respect to past history of treatment. CONCLUSION:Upfront access to Xpert MTB/RIF testing in pediatric presumptive PTB cases was associated with a two-fold increase in bacteriologically-confirmed PTB, and increased detection of rifampicin-resistant TB cases under routine operational conditions across India. These results suggest that routine Xpert MTB/RIF testing is a promising solution to present-day challenges in the diagnosis of PTB in pediatric patients.
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- 2014
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72. Complications of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking
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Shikha Dhawan, Kavita Rao, and Sundaram Natrajan
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Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Cross-linking of corneal collagen (CXL) is a promising approach for the treatment of keratoconus and secondary ectasia. Several long-term and short-term complications of CXL have been studied and documented. The possibility of a secondary infection after the procedure exists because the patient is subjected to epithelial debridement and the application of a soft contact lens. Formation of temporary corneal haze, permanent scars, endothelial damage, treatment failure, sterile infiltrates, and herpes reactivation are the other reported complications of this procedure. Cross-linking is a low-invasive procedure with low complication and failure rate but it may have direct or primary complications due to incorrect technique application or incorrect patient's inclusion and indirect or secondary complications related to therapeutic soft contact lens, patient’s poor hygiene, and undiagnosed concomitant ocular surface diseases.
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- 2011
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73. Microfilarial worms in retroperitoneal mass: A case report
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Amita Giri, Anup Kumar Kundu, Manashi Chakraborty, and Shikha Das
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Retroperitoneum ,W. bancrofti ,Hydroureter ,Filariasis ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Published
- 2000
74. Residues of TRPM8 at the Lipid-Water-Interface have Coevolved with Cholesterol Interaction and are Relevant for Diverse Health Disorders.
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Shikha D, Dalai R, Kumar S, and Goswami C
- Abstract
TRPM8 is a non-selective cation channel that is expressed in several tissues and cells and also has a unique property to be activated by low-temperature. In this work, we have analyzed the conservation of amino acids that are present in the lipid-water-interface (LWI) region of TRPM8, the region which experiences a microenvironment near the membrane surface. We demonstrate that the amino acids present in the LWI region are more conserved than the transmembrane or even full-length TRPM8, suggesting strong selection pressure in these residues. TRPM8 also has several conserved cholesterol-binding motifs where cholesterol can bind in different modes and energies. We suggest that mutations and/or physiological conditions can potentially alter these TRPM8-cholesterol complexes and can lead to physiological disorders or even apparently irreversible diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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75. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and POPEYE (PYE) regulate intercellular iron transport in plants.
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Mankotia S, Dubey A, Jakhar P, Shikha D, Koolath V, Kumar A, and Satbhai SB
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Plants maintain iron (Fe) homeostasis under varying environmental conditions by balancing processes such as Fe uptake, transport and storage. In Arabidopsis, POPEYE (PYE), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (TF), has been shown to play a crucial role in regulating this balance. In recent years, the mechanisms regulating Fe uptake have been well established but the upstream transcriptional regulators of Fe transport and storage are still poorly understood. In this study, we report that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TF which has recently been shown to play a crucial role in Fe homeostasis, interacts with PYE. Molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches revealed that PYE and HY5 have overlapping as well as some distinct roles in the regulation of Fe deficiency response. We found that HY5 and PYE both act as a repressor of Fe transport genes such as YSL3, FRD3, NPF5.9, YSL2, NAS4 and OPT3. HY5 was found to directly bind on the promoter of these genes and regulate intercellular Fe transport. Further analysis revealed that HY5 and PYE directly interact at the same region on PYE and NAS4 promoter. Overall, this study revealed that HY5 regulates Fe homeostasis by physically interacting with PYE as well as independently., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2024
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76. TRPM8 affects relative "cooling and heating" of subcellular organelles in microglia in a context-dependent manner.
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Shikha D, Chang YT, and Goswami C
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- Animals, Mice, Cell Line, Mitochondria metabolism, Mitochondria drug effects, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial drug effects, Endoplasmic Reticulum metabolism, Endoplasmic Reticulum drug effects, Organelles metabolism, Organelles drug effects, Golgi Apparatus metabolism, Golgi Apparatus drug effects, TRPM Cation Channels metabolism, Microglia metabolism, Microglia drug effects, Microglia cytology
- Abstract
Thermoregulation and thermal homeostasis at the cellular and subcellular organelle level are poorly understood events. In this work, we used BV2, a microglial cell line, and a series of thermo-sensitive subcellular organelle-specific probes to analyze the relative changes in the spatio-temporal temperatures of different subcellular organelles, both qualitatively and quantitatively. These methodologies allowed us to understand the thermal relationship of different subcellular organelles also. We modulated BV2 cells by pharmacological application of activator or inhibitor of TRPM8 ion channel (a cold-sensitive ion channel) and/or by treating the cells with LPS, a molecule that induces pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) signaling. We demonstrate that the temperatures of individual organelles remain variable within a physiological range, yet vary in different conditions. We also demonstrate that treating BV2 cells by TRPM8 modulators and/or LPS alters the organelle temperatures in a specific and context-dependent manner. We show that TRPM8 modulation and/or LPS can alter the relationship of mitochondrial membrane potential to mitochondrial temperature. Our work suggests that mitochondrial temperature positively influences ER temperature and negatively influences Golgi temperature. Golgi temperature positively influences membrane temperature. This understanding of thermal relationships may be crucial for dissecting cellular structures, function, and stress signaling and may be relevant for different diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors declare the existence of no conflict with this work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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77. Elemental profiling of agricultural soil in Hoshiarpur utilizing analytical techniques.
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Dadwal V, Shikha D, Gupta S, Mehta V, and Acharya R
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- India, Neutron Activation Analysis, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission methods, Soil Pollutants analysis, Soil chemistry, Agriculture, Environmental Monitoring methods
- Abstract
Our study aimed to assess the soil quality in Punjab's Hoshiarpur district through a meticulous analysis of nutrient and elemental composition. Using a variety of analytical techniques, including Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), external Particle-induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) an Ion beam analysis Technique, and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), we delved into soil characterization for 22 agricultural soil samples in the Punjab region. Within the NAA framework, utilizing the Pneumatic Carrier Facility and the self-serve facility at Dhruva reactor in Mumbai, a brief 1-min irradiation procedure identified pivotal elements-Na, Mg, V, Al, Mn, and K. Conversely, an extended neutron irradiation process of approximately 4 h within the self-serve facility enabled the estimation of nearly 12 elements, including Rare Earth Elements (REEs), Transition elements, and other significant elements. The external PIGE technique quantified low Z elements (Na, Mg, Al, and Si), contributing to our analytical arsenal. Rigorously validating both NAA and PIGE methodologies, we compared results meticulously against established geological standard reference materials-specifically USGS RGM-1 and USGS AGV-1.Instrumental in elemental analysis, ED-XRF spectroscopy fortified our investigative endeavors by quick assessment of ten crucial elements. The elemental analysis revealed notable accumulations of Mn and Zn in the soil, surpassing the suggested permissible limits, whereas Co, Cr, and Pb were found to be within the recommended thresholds set by WHO/UNEP. Beyond elemental profiling, our study extended to estimate the accumulation levels of various elements utilizing ecological risk factors such as Contamination Factor, Potential Ecological Risk Index, Pollution Load Index, and Geoaccumulation Factor. Our findings highlighted significant accumulation of REEs including La, Sm and Yb.. This evaluation sheds new light on the interplay between soil composition and environmental health, emphasizing the need for advanced accessible agricultural technologies to prevent and forecast contaminant discharge in arable soil. This commitment aligns with our broader goal of advancing sustainable practices in soil management., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2024
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78. SOD-GIF-FIT module controls plant organ size and iron uptake.
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Shikha D, Kumar A, Pandey AK, and Satbhai SB
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- Organ Size, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Iron metabolism, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis growth & development, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Plant organ growth is controlled by various internal and external cues. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that coordinate plant organ growth and nutrient homeostasis remain largely unknown. Recently, Zheng et al. identified the key regulators SOD7 (suppressor of da1-1) and GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR1 (GIF1) that control organ size and iron uptake in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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79. Editorial: Health literacy and disease prevention, volume II.
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Gokdemir O, Kushwaha P, Shikha D, Petrazzuoli F, and Bhattacharya S
- Subjects
- Health Promotion, Health Literacy
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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- 2024
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80. Time-efficient etching of LR-115 SSNTD film for indoor radon, thoron quantification.
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Mehta V, Kapil C, Shikha D, and Kanse S
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- Reproducibility of Results, Sodium Hydroxide, Environmental Monitoring, Radon
- Abstract
LR-115 Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) is commonly utilized for quantifying indoor radon-thoron levels, by tallying the tracks formed in the films by exposure to these gases. Conventionally, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used to etch LR-115 films for 90 min at 60°C. However, this study suggests a time-efficient alternative approach utilizing potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the etchant. In an initial investigation, the bulk etch rates of KOH were examined at different normalities and temperatures, revealing that KOH exhibited nearly double the bulk etch rates compared to NaOH. Subsequently, a specially designed controlled experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of the technique by enumerating the tracks generated in the films. Both etchants demonstrated very similar track counts for identical controlled exposures, indicating the reliability of the method. A consistent behavior was observed in the real-case scenario of LR-115 films exposed indoors to alpha particles from radon and its decay products. In both experiments, the etching with KOH for 45 min gave track densities comparable to standard NaOH etching for 90 min, highlighting the time efficiency of this method. Investigations were carried out into track shape and size features, aspects crucial to the measurement technique, using microscopic imaging of samples treated with both etchants. Strikingly similar track shapes and sizes were observed, affirming the consistency in the track measurement technique. Collectively, these findings suggest that KOH etchant reduces the etching time, presenting itself as a time-efficient method for quantifying radon and thoron track density., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
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- 2024
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81. Modulation of TRPM8 alters the phagocytic activity of microglia and induces changes in sub-cellular organelle functions.
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Shikha D, Mahish C, Sing R, Chattopadhyay S, and Goswami C
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- Cell Line, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, Lipopolysaccharides metabolism, Mitochondria metabolism, Phagocytes metabolism, Animals, Mice, Microglia metabolism, TRPM Cation Channels metabolism
- Abstract
In this work, we investigated the presence and function of TRPM8, a non-selective and cold-sensitive Ca
2+ -permeable ion channel in the primary microglia cell as well as in microglia cell line BV2. We demonstrate that primary microglia as well as BV2 express TRPM8 endogenously. Both pharmacological activation or inhibition of TRPM8 causes enhanced uptake of bacterial particles at early time points of infection. In BV2, TRPM8 activation and/or LPS-signaling alters its surface expression and cytosolic ROS production. TRPM8 modulation in the absence and presence of LPS causes differential regulation of cytosolic pH and lysosomal pH. Notably, TRPM8 modulation also alters the correlation between lysosomal pH and cytosolic pH depending on TRPM8 modulation and the presence or absence of LPS. Collectively our data suggest that TRPM8 is involved in the regulation of subcellular organelle, i.e. mitochondrial and lysosomal functions. Data also suggest that primarily TRPM8 activation, but often deviation from endogenous TRPM8 function is linked with better innate immune function mediated by microglial cells. We suggest that TRPM8-mediated regulations of sub-cellular organelle functions are more context-dependent manner. Such understanding is relevant in the context of microglial cell functions and innate immunity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare the existence of no conflict with this work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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82. Autonomic Correlates of Letter Cancelation Task: What the Attention Load May Evoke?
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Shikha D, Ojha P, Shukla KK, Bhagat OL, and Dixit A
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- Male, Humans, Autonomic Nervous System, Attention physiology, Heart Rate physiology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
- Abstract
Objective: Attention can be assessed through Letter cancelation tasks (LCT) that employ visuospatial selection and appropriate motor responses. We examined the performance in the LCT with increasing attention load, and determined the related autonomic changes., Methods: Autonomic parameters were estimated in healthy males at baseline and during three different cognitive load conditions using the LCT., Results: Results revealed a statistically significant difference ( n = 30) in the percent accuracy (χ
2 (2) = 15.2, p < .001) and percent omission (χ2 (2) = 13.3, p = 0.001) with the increasing challenge in the LCT. The vagally-mediated measures of heart rate variability were significantly decreased with the commencement of the task revealing a parasympathetic withdrawal. The respiratory sinus arrythmia was decreased, and the photoplethysmography amplitude was significantly reduced (χ2 (3) = 14.2, p = 0.003) as the attention demand increased., Conclusion: The performance declined with the increasing attention load. LCT evokes autonomic perturbations though overall autonomic variability does not change remarkably.- Published
- 2023
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83. Microstructural, biocompatibility and mechanical investigation of MgHAp and AgHAp: Comparative report.
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Mahanty A and Shikha D
- Subjects
- Durapatite chemistry, Ions chemistry, Magnesium chemistry, Prostheses and Implants, Coated Materials, Biocompatible chemistry, Silver chemistry
- Abstract
It is imperative to investigate the effect of addition of different size metallic ions in HAp and study the changes in biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Silver and magnesium ions are two vital ions needed in our body. Silver ions are known to inhibit the microbes, while magnesium ions are known to increase the mechanical properties. The present study reports the comparative properties of MgHAp and AgHAp synthesised by sol-gel wet chemical method. Changes in the morphology, phase analysis, corrosion resistance, dielectric properties, hardness and the thrombus behaviour of HAp doped Ag and Mg ions has been investigated. In this work, we have presented a comparative study of both the metal doped ionsto find which of the ions and which weight percent of the ions can be best suited to be incorporated into the HAp matrix for hard tissue implants. All wt% AgHAp showed the better corrosion resistance than all the MgHAp samples. However, MgHAp showed higher value of hardness in comparison to AgHAp samples. The mechanical strength was found to increase with the increase in Mg wt% in MgHAp but for AgHAp the hardness value decreased with increase in the concentration. The impedance and dielectric loss decreased with increasing frequency for both the samples. Both the ion doped hydroxyapatite showed moderate clotting behaviour as compared to pure HAp. But 2 wt% MgHAp and 4 wt% AgHAp showed better thrombogenic behaviour. It is imperative to investigate the effect of addition of different size metallic ions in HAp and study the changes in biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Silver and magnesium ions are two vital ions needed in our body. Silver ions are known to inhibit the microbes, while magnesium ions are known to increase the mechanical properties. The present study reports the comparative properties of MgHAp and AgHAp synthesised by sol-gel wet chemical method. Changes in the morphology, phase analysis, corrosion resistance, dielectric properties, hardness and the thrombus behaviour of HAp doped Ag and Mg ions has been investigated. In this work we have presented a comparative study of both the metal doped ions to find which of the ions and which weight percent of the ions can be best suited to be incorporated into the HAp matrix for hard tissue implants. All wt% AgHAp showed the better corrosion resistance than all the MgHAp samples. However, MgHAp showed higher value of hardness in comparison to AgHAp samples. The mechanical strength was found to increase with the increase in Mg wt% in MgHAp but for AgHAp the hardness value decreased with increase in the concentration. The impedance and dielectric loss decreased with increasing frequency for both the samples. Both the ion doped hydroxyapatite showed moderate clotting behaviour as compared to pure HAp. But 2 wt% MgHAp and 4 wt% AgHAp showed better thrombogenic behaviour., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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84. Editorial: Health literacy and disease prevention.
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Shikha D, Kushwaha P, Gokdemir O, Marzo RR, and Bhattacharya S
- Subjects
- Health Promotion, Health Literacy
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2023
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85. Risk factors of osteoporosis in soldiers of the Armed Forces: A cross-sectional study from Western India.
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Bandyopadhyay K, Ray S, Shikha D, Bhalla GS, and Khetan A
- Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis may result from risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, low body mass index, less physical exercise, and dietary calcium deficiency. The risk of osteoporosis fractures can be reduced with lifestyle changes, which include diet, exercise, and preventing falls. The present study is an effort to measure the burden of risk factors of osteoporosis in adult male soldiers in the Armed Forces., Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study among serving soldiers in South-Western part of India, and 400 participants consented to be included in the study. After obtaining informed consent, the questionnaire was distributed. Venous blood samples were collected to measure serum calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH)., Results: The prevalence of vitamin D3 severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL) was 38.5%, and the prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency (10-19 ng/mL) was 33%. Low serum calcium (<8.4 mg/dL) and serum phosphorus (<2.5 mg/dL) were found among 19.5% and 11.5%, respectively, whereas a raised serum PTH level (>66.5 pg/mL) was seen in 5.5% of the participants. A statistically significant association was found between consumption of milk and milk products and levels of calcium. With a cutoff value of 20 ng/mL for vitamin D3 deficiency, a statistically significant association was found for consumption of fish, physical activity, and sun exposure., Conclusion: A remarkably large percentage of otherwise normal healthy soldiers have deficiency or insufficiency of vitamin D and might be prone to osteoporosis. Despite significant advances in our understanding and management options for male osteoporosis, there still remain important gaps in knowledge which needs to be looked into., Competing Interests: The authors have none to declare., (© 2021 Director General, Armed Forces Medical Services. Published by Elsevier, a division of RELX India Pvt. Ltd.)
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- 2023
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86. Role of jasmonate signaling in the regulation of plant responses to nutrient deficiency.
- Author
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Shikha D, Jakhar P, and Satbhai SB
- Subjects
- Oxylipins, Plants, Plant Development, Stress, Physiological, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Growth Regulators, Cyclopentanes
- Abstract
Phytohormones regulate plant growth and development by integrating various internal developmental cues with external environmental conditions. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an oxylipin-derived phytohormone that modulates the plasticity of plant responses against fluctuating environmental cues. An increasing number of studies have shown that it regulates a wide spectrum of plant physiological and biochemical processes, including reproductive development, primary root growth, root hair development, seed germination, senescence, regeneration, defense against biotic stress such as pathogen infection and herbivory, and mitigation of a number of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, high and low temperatures, wounding, excessive UV exposure, limited water availability, and metal(oid)-induced toxicity. Nutrient deficiency is an abiotic stress that adversely affects plant growth, development, and productivity, and JA also plays an important role in regulation of these processes under such conditions. In this review, we summarize recent advances relating to the role of JA and its methyl ester derivative (methyl jasmonate) in modulating responses to nutrient deficiency, to the impact of nutrient status on JA biosynthesis and signaling, and to the crosstalk of JA with other phytohormones in shaping plant growth and development under deficiencies of various mineral elements., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
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87. Evaluation of potential toxic heavy metal contamination in soil, fly ash, vegetables and grain crops along with associated ecological and health risk assessment of nearby inhabitants of a thermal power station in Jharkhand (India).
- Author
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Singh PK, Shikha D, and Saw S
- Subjects
- Vegetables, Coal Ash analysis, Soil, Cadmium analysis, Lead analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Heavy Metal Poisoning, Crops, Agricultural, Edible Grain chemistry, Risk Assessment, Metals, Heavy analysis, Soil Pollutants analysis, Mercury analysis
- Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the potential toxic heavy metal (PTHM) concentrations and associated ecological and health risk of nearby inhabitants (child and adult populations) of the Bokaro thermal power station (BTPS), Jharkhand, India. The fly ash containing PTHMs is released from the thermal power plant and contaminates the soil of the nearby agricultural area, roadside area and residential area. Furthermore, PTHMs cause ecological risk as well as carcinogenic health effects in adults. Inhabitants are exposed to PTHMs through exposure pathways (for instance, direct ingestion, dermal contact and air inhalation), and PTHMs were examined in this study by calculating the estimated daily intake (EDI). The contamination factor (C
f ) of Cd exceeded the threshold value throughout the study area, whereas the Cf of Hg was observed higher only in roadside soil (RSS). The geoaccumulation index (Igeo ) of Cd was higher in the top soil of agricultural soil (AS) (7.39) and RSS (9.38). The level of PTHMs was monitored slightly higher in the topsoil of RSS. The ecological risk index (Eri) was detected to be the highest in RSS (1628.9). The permissible limit of Cd (0.05 mg kg-1 ) and Pb (0.1 mg kg-1 ) for all sampled vegetables and grain crops was surpassed. The transfer factor (TF) of the studied vegetables and grain crops was in the order of Cd > Cr > Pb > Hg > As. The results of the present study concluded that the hazard quotient (HQ) values for all PTHMs analysed in soil throughout the study area were < 1, which indicates that the child population was within the safe limit. However, the adult population was at a high risk of non-carcinogenic health effects due to increased permissible limits of Cd, Pb and Cr in vegetables and grain crops whereas the target carcinogenic risk (TCR) of Pb and Cr was higher and indicated that there may be a health risk of cancer in adults., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2023
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88. Nipah and Hendra Viruses: Deadly Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses with the Potential to Cause the Next Pandemic.
- Author
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Gazal S, Sharma N, Gazal S, Tikoo M, Shikha D, Badroo GA, Rashid M, and Lee SJ
- Abstract
Nipah and Hendra viruses are deadly zoonotic paramyxoviruses with a case fatality rate of upto 75%. The viruses belong to the genus henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae , a family of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. The natural reservoirs of NiV and HeV are bats (flying foxes) in which the virus infection is asymptomatic. The intermediate hosts for NiV and HeV are swine and equine, respectively. In humans, NiV infections result in severe and often fatal respiratory and neurological manifestations. The Nipah virus was first identified in Malaysia and Singapore following an outbreak of encephalitis in pig farmers and subsequent outbreaks have been reported in Bangladesh and India almost every year. Due to its extreme pathogenicity, pandemic potential, and lack of established antiviral therapeutics and vaccines, research on henipaviruses is highly warranted so as to develop antivirals or vaccines that could aid in the prevention and control of future outbreaks.
- Published
- 2022
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89. In Silico Evaluation of Natural Flavonoids as a Potential Inhibitor of Coronavirus Disease.
- Author
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Kashyap P, Thakur M, Singh N, Shikha D, Kumar S, Baniwal P, Yadav YS, Sharma M, Sridhar K, and Inbaraj BS
- Subjects
- Antiviral Agents chemistry, Flavonoids chemistry, Flavonoids pharmacology, Humans, Lopinavir chemistry, Molecular Docking Simulation, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir chemistry, Ritonavir pharmacology, Rutin, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus metabolism, Diosmin, Hesperidin, COVID-19 Drug Treatment
- Abstract
The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, has led to millions of infections and the death of approximately one million people. No targeted therapeutics are currently available, and only a few efficient treatment options are accessible. Many researchers are investigating active compounds from natural plant sources that may inhibit COVID-19 proliferation. Flavonoids are generally present in our diet, as well as traditional medicines and are effective against various diseases. Thus, here, we reviewed the potential of flavonoids against crucial proteins involved in the coronavirus infectious cycle. The fundamentals of coronaviruses, the structures of SARS-CoV-2, and the mechanism of its entry into the host's body have also been discussed. In silico studies have been successfully employed to study the interaction of flavonoids against COVID-19 M
pro , spike protein PLpro , and other interactive sites for its possible inhibition. Recent studies showed that many flavonoids such as hesperidin, amentoflavone, rutin, diosmin, apiin, and many other flavonoids have a higher affinity with Mpro and lower binding energy than currently used drugs such as hydroxylchloroquine, nelfinavir, ritonavir, and lopinavir. Thus, these compounds can be developed as specific therapeutic agents against COVID-19, but need further in vitro and in vivo studies to validate these compounds and pave the way for drug discovery.- Published
- 2022
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90. Functionality of apigenin as a potent antioxidant with emphasis on bioavailability, metabolism, action mechanism and in vitro and in vivo studies: A review.
- Author
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Kashyap P, Shikha D, Thakur M, and Aneja A
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Availability, Chelating Agents, Oxidants, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants pharmacology, Apigenin pharmacology
- Abstract
Numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. are linked with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Apigenin (5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone) is a widely distributed flavonoid, responsible for antioxidant potential and chelating redox active metals. Being present as glycosides or polymers, the apigenin degrades to variable amount in the digestive tract; during processing, its activity is also reduced due to high temperature or Fe/Cu addition. Although its metabolism remains elusive, enteric absorption occurs sufficiently to reduce plasma indices of oxidant status. Delayed clearance in plasma and slow liver decomposition enhance its systematic bioavailability. Antioxidant mechanism of apigenin includes: oxidant enzymes inhibition, modulation of redox signaling pathways (NF-kB, Nrf2, MAPK, and P13/Akt), reinforcing enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant, metal chelation, and free radical scavenging. DPPH, ORAC, ABTS, and FRAP are the major in vitro methods for determining the antioxidant potential of apigenin, whereas its protective effects in whole and living cells of animals are examined using in vivo studies. Due to limited information on antioxidant potential of apigenin, its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects are, therefore, discussed with action mechanism and interaction with the signaling pathways. This paper concludes that apigenin is a potent antioxidant compound to overcome the difficulties related to oxidative stress and other chronic diseases., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2022
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91. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated learning difficulties among primary school children in district Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
- Author
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Chawla GK, Juyal R, Shikha D, Semwal J, Tripathi S, and Bhattacharya S
- Abstract
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a considerably common childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, often associated with socio-behavioral and academic difficulties. There is an increased risk for development of a range of future problems such as psychiatric disorders, difficulties in employment, and relationships. The aim of this study was to know the prevalence and determinants of ADHD among primary school children in district Dehradun and to assess the learning difficulties and classroom behavior in these students., Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, overall, 228 students (aged 6-12 years) studying in a primary school were assessed for ADHD after seeking the written informed consent from their parents. The data were analyzed using Excel sheet and SPSS software (22.0 version). For all qualitative measures, frequency and percentages were calculated, and for quantitative measures, mean and standard deviation were calculated. For analysis of categorical values, Chi-square test was used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The prevalence of ADHD was found to be 11.8% based on the teacher tool only and 1.75% based on the parent and teacher tools combined. ADHD was found to be significantly more in males. Inattention was the most prevalent subtype of ADHD, and children screened positive for ADHD had significant learning difficulties at various levels., Conclusion: The possibility of ADHD in students with academic difficulties should not be ignored as children with ADHD usually face significant problems at school such as learning difficulties and have been shown to be at increased risk for a broad range of negative outcomes. Early identification and treatment of ADHD can significantly reduce the rates of some of these poor outcomes. Screening these children in the early years will help the parents, children, teachers, and community at large., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)
- Published
- 2022
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92. Function and regulation of thermosensitive ion channel TRPV4 in the immune system.
- Author
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Acharya TK, Sahu RP, Kumar S, Kumar S, Rokade TP, Chakraborty R, Dubey NK, Shikha D, Chawla S, and Goswami C
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Immune System metabolism, Lipids, Neurons metabolism, TRPV Cation Channels metabolism
- Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid sub-type 4 (TRPV4) is a six transmembrane protein that acts as a non-selective Ca
2+ channel. Notably, TRPV4 is present in almost all animals, from lower eukaryotes to humans and is expressed in diverse tissue and cell types. Accordingly, TRPV4 is endogenously expressed in several types of immune cells that represent both innate and adaptive immune systems of higher organism. TRPV4 is known to be activated by physiological temperature, suggesting that it acts as a molecular temperature sensor and thus plays a key role in temperature-dependent immune activation. It is also activated by diverse endogenous ligands, lipid metabolites, physical and mechanical stimuli. Both expression and function of TRPV4 in various immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, are also modulated by multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory compounds. The results from several laboratories suggest that TRPV4 is involved in the immune activation, a phenomenon with evolutionary significance. Because of its diverse engagement in the neuronal and immune systems, TRPV4 is a potential therapeutic target for several immune-related disorders., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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93. COVID-19 and childhood obesity (CO-BESITY) in the era of new normal life: A need for a policy research.
- Author
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Bhattacharya S, Aggarwal P, Bera OP, Saleem SM, Shikha D, Vallabh V, Juyal R, and Singh A
- Abstract
Background: In the era of new normal life after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), our children are experiencing the double threat of COVID-19 and Childhood Obesity (CO-BESITY). The rate of childhood obesity has been rapidly increasing in developed as well as low middle-income countries during the pandemic., Design and Methods: The current paper aims to identify the probable reasons of increase in childhood obesity during this pandemic and offers suggestions to reduce the burden of it. Literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for the key terms "childhood obesity," "obesity," "pandemic," and/or childhood obesity. All the relevant articles were included to support the argument for this viewpoint., Results: Childhood obesity is a complicated disorder having diverse outcomes. The incidence of childhood obesity is analysed from Bronfenbrenner's model of child development. The model examines an overabundance of bio-psycho-social backgrounds, risks, and probable outcomes on the development of a child. COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the ecosystem of this dynamic model and has created an economic and social-cultural crisis that has ignited a chain reaction of stressors upon children and their families. In this paper, we have described how this Bronfenbrenner's model of child development also known as the Bioecological Model can be effective for the estimation and prevention of childhood obesity., Conclusion: We propose that this Bioecological Model will help the children and their families further understand and manage the problem of childhood obesity during this pandemic on their own.
- Published
- 2021
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94. Effects of diet on hypertensive disorders during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study from a teaching hospital.
- Author
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Singh DK, Sinha N, Bera OP, Saleem SM, Tripathi S, Shikha D, Goyal M, and Bhattacharya S
- Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is a positive, fulfilling experience for many, but it can put the mother at the risk of suffering ill-health, disability, or even maternal death. The common causes of maternal death include pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) or gestational hypertension or hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), post-partum hemorrhage, and pulmonary embolism. Modifications in lifestyle and diet have been widely advocated as a cost-effective strategy to prevent PIH., Objectives: To assess the role of dietary factors in PIH attending antenatal care services at a teaching hospital., Materials and Methods: Pregnant women who were attending the antenatal clinic who were diagnosed with hypertension in pregnancy and normotensive before the pregnancy were included in the study. As per the protocol, informed written consent, demographic details with clinical data were obtained from the patients. A total of 225 antenatal cases having hypertension in pregnancy were included in our study., Results: Majority of the study subjects (81.8%) were taking mixed diets, 50.2% consumed additional salt in their diet, the intake history of visible fat was given by 25.3% and 96.4% consumed tea while 52.9% had a history of consuming junk food. Among the 41 vegetarian study subjects with hypertension in pregnancy, the maximum subjects (73.1%) had preeclampsia followed by gestational hypertension in 23.6% the subjects. The relation between the type of diet and hypertension in pregnancy was found to be statistically insignificant. The relation between visible fat consumption and hypertension in pregnancy was found to be statistically significant., Discussion: The association of dietary factors with HDP could be explained by several factors. One being the high-calorie intake by women with known HDP and those without HDP. The imbalance between the energy intake and expenditure is a potential risk factor and leads to overweight or obesity., Conclusion: The consumption of additional salt in the diet, visible fat, and obesity was found to be associated with HDP in our study., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)
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- 2021
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95. Role of vaccine science diplomacy in low-middle-income countries for eradicating the vaccine-preventable diseases: Targeting the "LAST MILE".
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Bhattacharya S, Saleem SM, Shikha D, Gokdemir O, and Mehta K
- Abstract
The meaning of "vaccine diplomacy (VD)" is defined as "the use of vaccines to increase a country's diplomatic relations and influence over other nations." The golden era of vaccine science diplomacy started during the time of Cold War between the United States (US) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) with the development of a prototype of oral polio vaccine by the US Scientist Dr Albert Sabin working along with his Soviet counterparts. The foundation stone was already laid down by Edward Jenner when he shared his technique of the smallpox vaccine with other major countries to curb the spread of smallpox. Eventually, such a step led to the eradication of such a deadly disease. Only time has changed, not the tide. Even today, vaccines continue to remain as one of the important tools for achieving Millennium Developmental Goals (MDGs) and other targets in developing countries like India. During the wake of the Corona Virus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, India's role in developing its vaccine science diplomacy has been a point of attraction. The phase-3 trial of Covaxin being developed by Bharat Biotech started in Lucknow and Gorakhpur in October 2020, and it is widely considered as the forerunner for the Indian vaccine market. As per the Union Health Ministry of India- "The Union Government is working on at least five distinct ways, ranging from free vaccines to guaranteed supply, in which it can help its immediate neighbours and countries in West Asia, Africa and even Latin America-officials familiar with the plan said on conditions of anonymity. The idea is to leverage the country's standing as the world's vaccine factory to merge diplomatic ties. Historically, it is observed that by the development and introduction of newer vaccines from time to time, many dismaying hurdles to vaccine science diplomacy (VSD) arise from ongoing wars and political instability. The current scenario is that both VSD and VD are at crossroads, and there is a possibility of getting a good direction if we make a piggyback policy approach of vaccine diplomacy along with the foreign policy. The lessons learned from the past must be followed now and, in the future, to make a better world for all. We acknowledge that the COVID-19 episode has again highlighted the dire need for VSD, and we assume that not only COVID-19 but in future, emerging and re-emerging diseases will occur so we have to prepare ourselves for combatting those future emerging and re-emerging diseases., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)
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- 2021
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96. Association of Autism Spectrum Disorder with Pre-symptomatic Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Isolated Elevation of Transaminases as a Diagnostic Clue.
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Panda PK, Shikha D, and Sharawat IK
- Abstract
Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.
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- 2021
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97. An Energy-Resolved Optical Non-invasive Device Detects Essential Electrolyte Balance in Humans at Point-of-Care.
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Bhattacharyya N, Singh S, Halder A, Adhikari A, Ghosh R, Shikha D, Tripathi SK, Mallick AK, Mondal P, and Pal SK
- Abstract
Regular monitoring of electrolyte balance is essential for patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those undergoing dialysis. In the context of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, more severe forms of infection are observed in elderly individuals and patients having co-morbidities like CKD. The repeated blood tests for the monitoring of electrolyte balance predispose them not only to COVID-19 but also other to hospital-acquired infections (HAI). Therefore, a non-invasive method for easy detection of essential electrolyte (K
+ and Na+ ) levels is urgently needed. In this study, we developed an optical emission spectroscopy-based non-invasive device for simultaneous monitoring of salivary Na+ and K+ levels in a fast and reliable way. The device consisted of a closed spark chamber, micro-spectrometer, high voltage spark generator, electronic circuits, optical fiber, and an indigenously developed software based on the LabVIEW platform. The optical emission originating from the biological sample (i.e., saliva) due to recombination of ions energized by impingement of electrons returning from high voltage spark provides necessary information about the concentration of electrolytes. A small-scale clinical trial on 30 healthy human subjects shows the potential of the indigenously developed device in determining salivary Na+ and K+ concentration. The low-cost, portable, point-of-care device requires only 2 mL of sample, and can simultaneously measure 1.0-190.0 mM Na+ , and 1.0-270.9 mM K+ . To our understanding, the present work will find its relevance in combating COVID-19 morbidities, along with regular CKD patient-care., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interestThere are no conflicts to declare., (© Indian National Academy of Engineering 2021.)- Published
- 2021
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98. In situ phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and groundwater: a green inventive approach.
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Shikha D and Singh PK
- Subjects
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Humans, Soil, Groundwater, Metals, Heavy analysis, Soil Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
The heavy metal contamination of soil and groundwater is a serious threat to environment worldwide. The survival of human being primarily relies upon soil and groundwater sources. Therefore, the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and groundwater is a matter of utmost concern. Heavy metals are non-degradable and persist in the environment and subsequently contaminate the food chain. Heavy metal pollution puts a serious impact on human health and it adversely affects our physical body. Although, numerous in situ conventional technologies have been utilized for the treatment purpose, but most of the techniques have some limitations such as high cost, deterioration of soil properties, disturbances to soil native flora and fauna and intensive labour. Despite that, in situ phytoremediation is a cost-effective, eco-friendly, solar-driven and novel approach with significant public acceptance. The past research reflects rare discussion addressing both (heavy metal in situ phytoremediation of soil and groundwater) in one platform. The present review article covers both the concepts of in situ phytoremediation of soil and groundwater with major emphasis on health risks of heavy metals, enhanced integrated approaches of in situ phytoremediation, mechanisms of in situ phytoremediation along with effective hyperaccumulator plants for heavy metals remediation, challenges and future prospects.
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- 2021
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99. Spectroscopic Studies on the Biomolecular Recognition of Toluidine Blue: Key Information Towards Development of a Non-Contact, Non-Invasive Device for Oral Cancer Detection.
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Singh S, Halder A, Sinha O, Chakrabarty N, Chatterjee T, Adhikari A, Singh P, Shikha D, Ghosh R, Banerjee A, Das Mahapatra PP, Mandhar A, Bhattacharyya M, Bose S, Ahmed SA, Alharbi A, Hameed AM, and Pal SK
- Abstract
Molecular interaction of aromatic dyes with biological macromolecules are important for the development of minimally invasive disease diagnostic biotechnologies. In the present work, we have used Toluidine Blue (TB) as a model dye, which is a well-known staining agent for the diagnosis of oral cancer and have studied the interaction of various biological macromolecules (protein and DNA) with the dye at different pH. Our spectroscopic studies confirm that TB interacts with Human Serum Albumin (HSA), a model protein at very high pH conditions which is very hard to achieve physiologically. On the other hand, TB significantly interacts with the DNA at physiological pH value (7.4). Our molecular studies strengthen the understanding of the Toluidine Blue staining of cancer cells, where the relative ratio of the nucleic acids is higher than the normal intracellular content. We have also developed a non-invasive, non-contact spectroscopic technique to explore the possibility of quantitatively detecting oral cancer by exploiting the interaction of TB with DNA. We have also reported development of a prototype named "Oral-O-Scope" for the detection of Oral cancer and have carried out human studies using the prototype., (Copyright © 2020 Singh, Halder, Sinha, Chakrabarty, Chatterjee, Adhikari, Singh, Shikha, Ghosh, Banerjee, Das Mahapatra, Mandhar, Bhattacharyya, Bose, Ahmed, Alharbi, Hameed and Pal.)
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- 2020
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100. An epidemiological evaluation of predictors of overweight and obesity in Garhwal region of Uttarakhand.
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Shikha D, Semwal J, Srivastava AK, Vyas S, and Juyal R
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- Adult, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, India epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Abdominal epidemiology, Overweight epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural Population statistics & numerical data, Sex Factors, Social Class, Urban Population statistics & numerical data, Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio, Waist-Hip Ratio, Young Adult, Obesity epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Now a day, obesity has become a chronic disorder affecting the larger population than any other disease in the world, which made its presence felt first in the Northern Hemisphere, and has now taken a pandemic look affecting practically almost all the countries of the globe., Method: A cross sectional study with a sample size of 632 was carried out. Multistage stratified random sampling and "Kish" method was applied for selection of study area and selection of study subjects (21-60 years). WHO STEPS for NCD Risk Factor Surveillance, was used to gather the necessary data. Percentage, Chi square, & logistic regression analysis was done and significant level was taken at p < 0.05., Results: As per Asia Pacific classification 16.0% & 33.4% of subjects while as per WHO classification 24.5% & 8.9% of subjects were found to be overweight and obese respectively. It was nearly 2 times higher in urban males. Central obesity was more commonly observed in urban subjects as compared to rural. At risk Waist hip ratio was recorded in 55.9% and high Weight height ratio was recorded in 66.8% of total subjects. All the predictors showed higher percentages in females of urban area and increased with the rise in age., Conclusion: The present study reveals that, there is high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study population. Certainly, there has been a considerable shift in their dietary and lifestyle profile. there appears to be an urgent need to develop suitable health strategies as well as intervention programmes for combating the prevalence of overweight and obesity., (©2019 Pacini Editore SRL, Pisa, Italy.)
- Published
- 2019
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