244 results on '"Shi-Yong Liu"'
Search Results
52. Elevated Expression of TRPC4 in Cortical Lesions of Focal Cortical Dysplasia II and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
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Yu-Jia Wei, Xin Chen, Hui Yang, Chao Liang, Chun-Qing Zhang, Shi-Yong Liu, Jiong Yue, and Lukang Wang
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biology ,Epileptogenesis ,TRPC4 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Transient receptor potential channel ,Tuberous sclerosis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Tuberous Sclerosis ,medicine ,Humans ,GABAergic Neurons ,Child ,TRPC Cation Channels ,Cerebral Cortex ,Epilepsy ,Phospholipase C ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Up-Regulation ,030104 developmental biology ,Giant cell ,Case-Control Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,Phospholipase C delta ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCD II) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are well-known causes of chronic refractory epilepsy in children. Canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are non-selective cation channels that are commonly activated by phospholipase C (PLC) stimulation. Previous studies found that TRPC4 may participate in the process of epileptogenesis. This study aimed to examine the expression and distribution of TRPC4 in FCD II (n = 24) and TSC (n = 11) surgical specimens compared with that in age-matched autopsy control samples (n = 12). We found that the protein levels of TRPC4 and its upstream factor, PLC delta 1 (PLCD1), were elevated in FCD II and TSC samples compared to those of control samples. Immunohistochemistry assays revealed that TRPC4 staining was stronger in malformed cells, such as dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells and giant cells. Moderate-to-strong staining of the upstream factor PLCD1 was also identified in abnormal neurons. Moreover, double immunofluorescence staining revealed that TRPC4 was colocalised with glutamatergic and GABAergic neuron markers. Taken together, our results indicate that overexpression of TRPC4 protein may be involved in the epileptogenesis of FCD II and TSC.
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- 2017
53. Electron acceptors with varied linkages between perylene diimide and benzotrithiophene for efficient fullerene-free solar cells
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Huanbin Li, Chang-Zhi Li, Hongzheng Chen, Wenqing Liu, Minmin Shi, Jiangquan Mai, Shi-Yong Liu, Hanying Li, Bo Wang, and Xinhui Lu
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Fullerene ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Energy conversion efficiency ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Electron acceptor ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Polymer solar cell ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Diimide ,Molecule ,Single bond ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Perylene - Abstract
In this work, we present two new electron acceptors, TriPDI and Fused-TriPDI, in which three perylene diimide (PDI) moieties are tethered to a benzotrithiophene (BTT) core via either single bonds (TriPDI) or ring-fusion (Fused-TriPDI). TriPDI connects three PDIs to BTT via carbon–carbon single bonds, resulting in a rotatable and highly twisted skeleton. Instead, Fused-TriPDI, made through oxidative ring-fusion of TriPDI, exhibits good structural rigidity and planarity, as well as effective conjugation between PDI and BTT. As a result, the fused molecule shows up-shifted energy levels, and enhanced absorption and charge mobility over the unfused one. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) with a PTB7-Th:Fused-TriPDI blend show the best power conversion efficiency of 6.19%, which is around three times higher than that with PTB7-Th:TriPDI.
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- 2017
54. In situ C-H activation-derived polymer@TiO2 p-n heterojunction for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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Yu-Qin Xing, Zhi-Rong Tan, Jing-Zhao Cheng, Zhao-Qi Shen, Yu-Jie Zhang, Long Chen, and Shi-Yong Liu
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- 2021
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55. Expression of pannexin 1 and 2 in cortical lesions from intractable epilepsy patients with focal cortical dysplasia
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Xin Chen, Ning An, Yuchun Pei, Si-Xun Yu, Shi-Yong Liu, Zhenle Zang, Jiao-Jiang He, Song Li, Zhi Hou, Hui Yang, and Chun-Qing Zhang
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0301 basic medicine ,Drug Resistant Epilepsy ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blotting, Western ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Autopsy ,Vimentin ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Epileptogenesis ,Connexins ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epilepsy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Child ,Cerebral Cortex ,Neurons ,biology ,business.industry ,pathogenesis ,SOXB1 Transcription Factors ,Pannexin ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Up-Regulation ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Astrocytes ,Case-Control Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I ,biology.protein ,epileptogenesis ,pannexin 2 ,focal cortical dysplasia ,pannexin 1 ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Paper - Abstract
// Song Li 1 , Zhenle Zang 1 , Jiaojiang He 2 , Xin Chen 1 , Sixun Yu 3 , Yuchun Pei 1 , Zhi Hou 1 , Ning An 1 , Hui Yang 1 , Chunqing Zhang 1 , Shiyong Liu 1 1 Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China 2 Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Lanzhou Military Region, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730050, China 3 Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China Correspondence to: Chunqing Zhang, email: cqzhang@tmmu.edu.cn Shiyong Liu, email: shiyongxinqiao@163.com Keywords: focal cortical dysplasia, epileptogenesis, pathogenesis, pannexin 1, pannexin 2 Received: May 16, 2016 Accepted: December 16, 2016 Published: December 28, 2016 ABSTRACT Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a major cause of intractable epilepsy in children however the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of FCD and FCD induced epilepsy remain unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that the large-pore ion channels, pannexin 1 (Panx1) and 2 (Panx2), are involved in epilepsy and brain development. In this study, we investigated the expression of Panx1 and Panx2 in surgical samples from patients with FCD type Ia (FCDIa), type IIa (FCDIIa), and type IIb (FCDIIb) and in age-matched autopsy control samples. We found Panx1 mRNA and protein levels were both increased in all these FCD samples. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Panx1 was mainly distributed in microcolumn neurons, dysmorphic neurons (DNs), balloon cells (BCs) and reactive astrocytes. Double-labeled staining showed that the Panx1-positive neurons were mostly glutamatergic DNs and occasionally GABAergic normal-appearing neurons. Importantly, the protein levels of Panx1 positively correlated with the frequency of seizures. Intriguingly, the Panx2 mRNA and protein levels were only upregulated in FCDIIb lesions and characteristically expressed on SOX2-positive multipotential BCs. Immunofluorescent experiments identified that Panx2-positive BCs mainly expressed the neuronal differentiation transcription factor MASH1 but not the immature glial marker vimentin. Taken together, our results established a potential role of the specific expression and cellular distribution patterns of Panx1 and Panx2 in FCD-associated epileptogenesis and pathogenesis.
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- 2016
56. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based oligomers accessed via sequential C H activated coupling for fullerene-free organic photovoltaics
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Cui-Xia Yuan, Bo Wang, Wenqing Liu, Ai-Guo Zhong, Shi-Yong Liu, Hongzheng Chen, Muhammad Naeem Shah, Deman Han, and Minmin Shi
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Green chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,business.industry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Electron donor ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Electron acceptor ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Solar energy ,01 natural sciences ,Polymer solar cell ,0104 chemical sciences ,Renewable energy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Exploring sustainable chemistry for renewable energy plays a key role in meeting the ever increasing energy demand without sacrificing the environment. In this study, two novel diketopyrrolopyrrol(DPP)-based π-conjugated oligomers (named as TPE-DPP4 and BP-DPP4) have been readily synthesized via a ligand-free Pd-catalyzed sequential activation of C H bond in two steps with good yields starting from simple building blocks. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) is employed as an electron donor to blend with the new DPP-derived electron acceptors for the fullerene-free bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics. The power conversion efficiency of 2.49% has been achieved, corresponding with an open-circuit voltage of 1.16 V, which is among the highest open-circuit voltages for the single-junction organic photovoltaics. The facilely accessible electron acceptors blended with cost-effective poly(3-hexylthiophene) donor for fullerene-free organic photovoltaics opens a new pathway to access renewable solar energy via sustainable chemistry.
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- 2016
57. Asymmetric Slow-Spike-Wave Patterns with Maximal Discharges Contralateral to MRI Lesions Predict Better Surgical Prognosis in Symptomatic Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut Phenotypes
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Shi-Yong Liu, Juan Liu, Yi-Ling Zhou, Hui Yang, Qing-Wu Yang, Fang-Cheng Cai, John M. Zempel, and Mei-Hua Yang
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Electroencephalography ,Lateralization of brain function ,Eeg patterns ,Lesion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intellectual Disability ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Intracerebral hemorrhage ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Lennox Gastaut Syndrome ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Phenotype ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Etiology ,Surgery ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Lennox–Gastaut syndrome - Abstract
Introduction: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe subtype of childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathy with drug-resistant and poor surgical prognosis. However, electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns of symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes with structural brain lesions including focal abnormalities or asymmetric slow-spike-wave (SSW) patterns remain largely unknown. Due to the contradictory lateralization difference between MRI lesions and EEG pattern in symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes, it is difficult to determine the precise lateralization of epileptic lesions, which is crucial to better surgical prognosis. This study is aim to ascertain the clinical characteristics of the EEG patterns, and its relationship with MRI lesions and to evaluate its prognostic value of surgical treatment in symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes. Methods: Twenty-four symptomatic LGS cases with asymmetric EEG SSW patterns and contralaterally independent or contralaterally dominant MRI lesions were collected, and their clinical features were analyzed retrospectively. Results: In this cohort, most of lesions were perinatal or acquired during the first 6 months of life. The most common etiology was intracerebral hemorrhage. The LGS patients with both asymmetric SSW and focal sporadic epileptic waves (SEW) patterns showed the best surgical outcome with Engel class I level. Asymmetric SSW patterns with maximal discharges contralateral to MRI lesions were frequently observed in most of symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes. Predominantly diffuse destructive lesions led to an attenuated voltage of ipsilateral scalp EEG producing an asymmetric SSW pattern in those patients with symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes. Conclusions: Our study reveals a special SEW EEG pattern in symptomatic LG patients with asymmetric SSW and MRI lesions contralateral to the dominant EEG patterns. Contradictory lateralization difference between MRI and EEG probably arises from the relative voltage attenuation presenting in EEG ipsilateral to huge destructive lesions from early life. Our study suggests that the independent focal SEW activity remaining ipsilateral to the MRI lesion can potentially predict better surgical prognosis in symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes.
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- 2019
58. Activation of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 signaling pathway in cortical lesions of pediatric patients with focal cortical dysplasia type IIb and tuberous sclerosis complex
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Yu-Jia Wei, Xianjun Shi, Jiong Yue, Shi-Yong Liu, Lihong Liu, Chun-Qing Zhang, and Hui Yang
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Cortical tubers ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,Neurogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tuberous sclerosis ,Epilepsy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental Neuroscience ,LILRB2 ,Tuberous Sclerosis ,medicine ,Leukocytes ,Humans ,ROCK2 ,Receptors, Immunologic ,Child ,Cerebral Cortex ,Neurons ,Brain Diseases ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,business.industry ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Astrocytes ,Child, Preschool ,Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neuron ,business ,Transcriptome ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Backgrounds Focal cortical dysplasia type IIb (FCD IIb) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are very frequently associated with epilepsy in pediatric patients. Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 (LILRB2) participates in the process of neurite growth, synaptic plasticity, and inflammatory reaction, suggesting a potential role of LILRB2 in epilepsy. However, little is known about the distribution and expression of LILRB2 in cortical lesions of FCD IIb and cortical tubers of TSC. Methods In this study, we have described the distribution and expression of LILRB2 signaling pathway in cortical lesions of pediatric patients with FCD IIb (n = 15) and TSC (n = 12) relative to age-matched autopsy control samples (CTX, n = 10), respectively. The protein levels of LILRB2 pathway molecules were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The expression pattern was investigated by immunohistochemistry and double labeling experiment. Spearman correlation analysis to explore the correlation between LILRB2 protein level and seizure frequency. Results The protein levels of LILRB2 and its downstream molecules POSH, SHROOM3, ROCK1, ROCK2 were increased in cortices of patients compared to CTX. Protein levels of LILRB2 negatively correlated with the frequency of seizures in FCD IIb and TSC patients, respectively. Moreover, all LILRB2 pathway molecules were strongly expressed in dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells, and giant cells, LILRB2 co-localized with neuron marker and astrocyte marker. Conclusion Taken together, the special expression patterns of LILRB2 signaling pathway in cortical lesions of FCD IIb and TSC implies that it may be involved in the process of epilepsy.
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- 2019
59. Resective epilepsy surgery in tuberous sclerosis complex: a nationwide multicentre retrospective study from China
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Qiang Guo, Rui Zhao, Zhang Hua, Liping Zou, Weidong Yang, Ming Ge, Ping Ding, Tao Yu, Shaohui Zhang, Zhiquan Yang, Xu Wang, Jiong Qin, Chun-Qing Zhang, Yanwu Guo, Chen Lei, Guangming Zhang, Yunlin Li, Rui Zhang, Mei-Hua Yang, Wenling Li, Ruobing Qian, Fang Fang, Juncheng Zhang, Kai Zhang, Yuanxiang Lin, Qingzhu Liu, Xinwei Zhang, Shi-Yong Liu, Zhiqi Mao, Jian Yin, Yi Yao, Shuli Liang, Shan Yongzhi, Liu Yuan, Hong Tian, and Yuguang Guan
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,Drug Resistant Epilepsy ,Adolescent ,Preoperative care ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tuberous sclerosis ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,Seizures ,Tuberous Sclerosis ,medicine ,Humans ,Epilepsy surgery ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Epilepsy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Intelligence quotient ,business.industry ,Neuropsychology ,Infant ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Retrospective cohort study ,Electroencephalography ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,030104 developmental biology ,Treatment Outcome ,Child, Preschool ,Quality of Life ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
At least 50% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex present with intractable epilepsy; for these patients, resective surgery is a treatment option. Here, we report a nationwide multicentre retrospective study and analyse the long-term seizure and neuropsychological outcomes of epilepsy surgery in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. There were 364 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery in the study. Patients’ clinical data, postoperative seizure outcomes at 1-, 4-, and 10-year follow-ups, preoperative and postoperative intelligence quotients, and quality of life at 1-year follow-up were collected. The patients’ ages at surgery were 10.35 ± 7.70 years (range: 0.5–47). The percentage of postoperative seizure freedom was 71% (258/364) at 1-year, 60% (118/196) at 4-year, and 51% (36/71) at 10-year follow-up. Influence factors of postoperative seizure freedom were the total removal of epileptogenic tubers and the presence of outstanding tuber on MRI at 1- and 4-year follow-ups. Furthermore, monthly seizure (versus daily seizure) was also a positive influence factor for postoperative seizure freedom at 1-year follow-up. The presence of an outstanding tuber on MRI was the only factor influencing seizure freedom at 10-year follow-up. Postoperative quality of life and intelligence quotient improvements were found in 43% (112/262) and 28% (67/242) of patients, respectively. Influence factors of postoperative quality of life and intelligence quotient improvement were postoperative seizure freedom and preoperative low intelligence quotient. The percentage of seizure freedom in the tuberectomy group was significantly lower compared to the tuberectomy plus and lobectomy groups at 1- and 4-year follow-ups. In conclusion, this study, the largest nationwide multi-centre study on resective epilepsy surgery, resulted in improved seizure outcomes and quality of life and intelligence quotient improvements in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Seizure freedom was often achieved in patients with an outstanding tuber on MRI, total removal of epileptogenic tubers, and tuberectomy plus. Quality of life and intelligence quotient improvements were frequently observed in patients with postoperative seizure freedom and preoperative low intelligence quotient.
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- 2019
60. Upregulations of CRH and CRHR1 in the Epileptogenic Tissues of Patients with Intractable Infantile Spasms
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Xiaolin Yang, Shi-Yong Liu, Xin Chen, Mei-Hua Yang, Huan-Ran Chen, Wei Li, Bing Chen, Wei Zhang, Zhenle Zang, Xiao-Qing Zhang, and Hui Yang
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Epileptogenesis ,Pathogenesis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neurofilament Proteins ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Child ,Protein Kinase C ,Cerebral Cortex ,Microglia ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Up-Regulation ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Epileptic spasms ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Autopsy ,Spasms, Infantile ,Signal Transduction ,Adult ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Protein kinase C ,Pharmacology ,business.industry ,Infant ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Immunostaining ,Hormone - Abstract
SummaryAim Infantile spasms (IS) are an age-specific epileptic syndrome with specific clinical symptom and electroencephalogram (EEG) features, lacking treatment options, and a poor prognosis. Excessive endogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in infant brain might result in IS. However, the data from human IS are limited. In our study, we investigated the expressions of CRH and its receptor type 1 (CRHR1) in surgical tissues from patients with IS and autopsy controls. Methods Specimens surgically removed from 17 patients with IS, and six autopsy controls were included in the study. Real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining were used to detect the expressions of mRNA, protein expression, and distribution. The correlation between variates was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. Results The expressions of CRH and CRHR1 were significantly upregulated in the epileptogenic tissues of IS patients compared with the control group. CRH was distributed mainly in neurons, while CRHR1 was distributed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. The expression levels of CRH and CRHR1 were positively correlated with the frequency of epileptic spasms. Moreover, the expression of protein kinase C (PKC), which was an important downstream factor of CRHR1, was significantly upregulated in the epileptogenic tissues of patients with IS and was positively correlated with the CRHR1 expression levels and the frequency of epileptic spasms. Conclusion These results suggest that the CRH signal transduction pathway might participate in the epileptogenesis of IS, supporting the hypothesis that CRH is related to the pathogenesis of IS.
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- 2016
61. Increased Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 in Cortical Lesions of Patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia
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Lukang Wang, Yu-Jia Wei, Shi-Yong Liu, Fei-Ji Sun, Xin Chen, Song Li, Zhenle Zang, Hui Yang, and Bing Chen
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Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,TRPV4 ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,TRPV Cation Channels ,Biology ,Epileptogenesis ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Transient receptor potential channel ,0302 clinical medicine ,Calcium imaging ,Physiology (medical) ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Child ,Receptor ,Protein Kinase C ,Protein kinase C ,Neurons ,Pharmacology ,Epilepsy ,Infant ,Original Articles ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,030104 developmental biology ,Child, Preschool ,Immunohistochemistry ,Calcium ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Summary Aim Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) represents a well-known cause of medically intractable epilepsy. Studies found that transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 4 (TRPV4) may participate in the occurrence of seizures. This study investigated the expression patterns of TRPV4 in FCD and the cascade that regulate functional state of TRPV4 in cortical neurons. Methods Thirty-nine surgical specimens from FCD patients and 10 age-matched control samples from autopsies were included in this study. Protein expression and distribution were detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Calcium imaging was used to detect the TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ influx in cortical neurons. Results (1) The protein levels of TRPV4 and of an upstream factor, protein kinase C (PKC), were markedly elevated in FCD. (2) TRPV4 staining was stronger in the dysplastic cortices of FCD and mainly observed in neuronal microcolumns and malformed cells. (3) The activation of TRPV4 was central for [Ca2+]i elevation in cortical neurons, and this activity of TRPV4 in cortical neurons was regulated by the PKC, but not the PKA, pathway. Conclusion The overexpression and altered cellular distribution of TRPV4 in FCD suggest that TRPV4 may potentially contribute to the epileptogenesis of FCD.
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- 2016
62. Increased Expression and Cellular Localization of P2X7R in Cortical Lesions of Patients With Focal Cortical Dysplasia
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Fei-Ji Sun, Xin Chen, Yu-Jia Wei, Wan-Lei Fu, Wei Guo, Chun-Qing Zhang, Shi-Yong Liu, Zhenle Zang, Song Li, Hui Yang, and Da-Hai Zheng
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Biology ,Epileptogenesis ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Pathogenesis ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Cellular localization ,Cerebral Cortex ,Microglia ,Infant ,Colocalization ,General Medicine ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Neurology ,Child, Preschool ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 ,Neurology (clinical) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Ionotropic effect - Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are major brain malformations that commonly lead to medically intractable epilepsy. The purinergic ionotropic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an atypical P2X subtype that gates calcium and sodium ions. Previous animal studies have suggested that P2X7R is a contributing factor in epileptogenesis. This study aimed to define the distribution and expression of P2X7R in 35 FCD patient-surgical-resection specimens relative to autopsy control samples (n = 8). Immunohistochemical colocalization assays revealed that P2X7R was primarily expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. In FCD samples, P2X7R protein levels were increased in abnormal cell types such as dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells, which are characteristic of FCD. By real-time PCR and Western blotting, P2X7R mRNA and protein expression levels were elevated in FCD patient samples vs control samples; P2X7R expression was also higher in FCDII vs FCDIa patient samples. Because interleukin-1β is a downstream factor of the P2X7R signaling pathway, we determined that there was also moderate-to-strong interleukin-1β expression in the dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells, and microglia in FCD patient lesions. These results indicate that increasing P2X7R levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of human FCD and that P2X7R represents a potential anti-epileptogenic target.
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- 2015
63. Predictors of seizure recurrence in patients with surgery for focal cortical dysplasia: pairwise and network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
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Hui Yang, Xin Chen, Chen Huang, Chun-Qing Zhang, Jie Chen, He Zhu, Zhi Hou, Shi-Yong Liu, and Ning An
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Network Meta-Analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Recurrence ,Seizures ,medicine ,Humans ,Epilepsy surgery ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Publication bias ,Odds ratio ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,Observational Studies as Topic ,Sample size determination ,Meta-analysis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neurosurgery ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of seizure recurrence in surgery for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) by conducting a meta-analysis. Publications that met the pre-stated inclusion criteria were selected from PubMed and CNKI databases. Two authors extracted data independently about prognostic factors, surgical outcome, and clinical characteristics of participants. A fixed-effects model was used to calculate the summary of odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Forty-eight studies were included in our meta-analysis. Three predictors of seizure recurrence (Engel class III/IV)—histological FCD type I, incomplete resection, and extratemporal location were determined; combined OR with 95% CI were 1.94 (95%CI 1.53–2.46), 12.06 (95%CI 7.32–19.88), and 1.91 (95%CI 1.06–3.44), respectively. Trial sequential analysis revealed that the outcomes had a sufficient sample size to reach firm conclusions. Furthermore, seizure location was not substantially modified by geographic region, while histological FCD type I and incomplete resection showed a significant association with seizure recurrence in different continents except Asia for incomplete resection. Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies for each variable yielded robust results. Little evidence of publication bias was observed. Meanwhile, the difference in the standard for outcome failed to influence the results for prognosis. Network meta-analysis including 13 trials comparing subtypes of FCD found the FCD IIb had the lowest seizure recurrence rate. This meta-analysis suggests that histological FCD type I, incomplete resection, and extratemporal location are recurrence factors in patients with epilepsy surgery for FCD. In addition, FCD IIb is associated with the highest rates of postoperative seizure control among the subtypes of FCD, type I and type II.
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- 2018
64. Differential Expression Hallmarks of Interneurons in Different Types of Focal Cortical Dysplasia
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Lukang Wang, Lei Zhang, Ning An, Shi-Yong Liu, Chao Liang, Jiong Yue, Xin Chen, Chun-Qing Zhang, and Hui Yang
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0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Drug Resistant Epilepsy ,Interneuron ,Adolescent ,Vasoactive intestinal peptide ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Epilepsy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Interneurons ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Cerebral Cortex ,biology ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Cortex (botany) ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Somatostatin ,Parvalbumins ,Cytoarchitecture ,Child, Preschool ,biology.protein ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Parvalbumin ,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide - Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the main cause of medically intractable pediatric epilepsy. Previous studies have suggested that alteration of cortical interneurons and abnormal cytoarchitecture have been linked to initiation and development for seizure. However, whether each individual subpopulation of cortical interneurons is linked to distinct FCD subtypes remains largely unknown. Here, we retrospectively analyzed both control samples and epileptic specimens pathologically diagnosed with FCD types Ia, IIa, or IIb. We quantified three major interneuron (IN) subpopulations, including parvalbumin (PV)-, somatostatin (Sst)-, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (Vip)-positive INs across all the subgroups. Additionally, we calculated the ratio of the subpopulations of INs to the major INs (mINs) by defining the total number of the PV-, Sst-, and Vip-INs as mINs. Compared with the control, the density of the PV-INs in FCD type IIb was significantly lower, and the ratio of PV/mINs was lower in the superficial part of the cortex of the FCD type Ia and IIb groups. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in the ratio of Vip/mINs only in FCD type IIb. Overall, these results suggest that in addition to a reduction in PV-INs, the increase in Vip/mINs may be related to the initiation of epilepsy in FCD type IIb. Furthermore, the increase in Vip/mINs in FCD type IIb may, from the IN development perspective, indicate that FCD type IIb forms during earlier stages of pregnancy than FCD type Ia.
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- 2018
65. TLR1 expression in mouse brain was increased in a KA-induced seizure model
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Xiao-yi Xiong, Hui Yang, Fa-Xiang Wang, Shi-Yong Liu, Qing-Wu Yang, Lin-Xiang Lu, Bin Chen, Xin Zheng, Hai-Feng Shu, and Xin Chen
- Subjects
Kainic acid ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Immunology ,Hippocampus ,Status epilepticus ,Hippocampal formation ,Biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Epileptogenesis ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Epilepsy ,Seizures ,Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,CA1 Region, Hippocampal ,Injections, Intraventricular ,Brain Chemistry ,Neurons ,Pharmacology ,Temporal cortex ,Kainic Acid ,Dentate gyrus ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Toll-Like Receptor 1 ,Molecular biology ,Up-Regulation ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ,chemistry ,Astrocytes ,Dentate Gyrus ,Microglia ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that mediate inflammatory responses play an important role in epilepsy; however, whether TLR1 is also involved in epileptogenesis remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we investigated the extent and pattern of TLR1 expression in epileptic tissues. One-hundred and thirty-two mice were intra-cerebroventricularly injected with PBS or kainic acid (KA) and were examined at 1, 3, 8 and 24 h. The expression pattern and distribution of TLR1 were examined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining. The mRNA and protein levels of TLR1 were significantly upregulated in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of epileptic mice compared with those of controls. TLR1 expression was increased as early as 1 h following KA treatment and peaked at 8 and 24 h. Immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated that TLR1 was distributed in the CA1-3, dentate gyrus and hilus regions of the hippocampus and different cortical regions. Immunofluorescent staining further revealed that TLR1 was primarily expressed in the neurons, microglia, and astrocytes of epileptogenic tissue. These results demonstrate that cortical and hippocampal sub-regional expression of TLR1 is altered during epileptogenesis in a time- and location-specific manner, suggesting a close association with the process of epilepsy.
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- 2015
66. Three-dimensional molecular donors combined with polymeric acceptors for high performance fullerene-free organic photovoltaic devices
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Jianyuan Zhang, Shi-Yong Liu, Chang-Zhi Li, Hongzheng Chen, Alex K.-Y. Jen, Jiang Huang, and Jae Woong Jung
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Molecular geometry ,Materials science ,Fullerene ,chemistry ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Yield (chemistry) ,Photovoltaic system ,General Materials Science ,Nanotechnology ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,Acceptor - Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptor based organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) reported so far are inferior to those derived from fullerenes. This increases the speculation on whether donors need to be tailored for advancing non-fullerene OPVs. We explored herein two direct arylation-derived diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based three-dimensional (3D) donors that can deliver respectable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 4.64% and 4.02% with polymeric acceptor N2200 blends, surpassing those obtained from PC71BM (3.56% and 3.22%, respectively). It is found that these 3D-shaped molecular donors can yield improved photo-to-current conversion and balanced charge transport when blending with the linear N2200 polymer. This finding suggests that engineering molecular geometry can be a promising approach for developing high-performance materials.
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- 2015
67. TRIF contributes to epileptogenesis in temporal lobe epilepsy during TLR4 activation
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Yu-Jia Wei, Hui Yang, Fa-Xiang Wang, Mei-Hua Yang, Qing-Wu Yang, Qian He, Xin Chen, Yuan-Shi Ma, Bing Chen, Shi-Yong Liu, and Xiaolin Yang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Immunology ,Central nervous system ,Hippocampus ,Hippocampal formation ,Biology ,Epileptogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Epilepsy ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,HMGB1 Protein ,Child ,Neuroinflammation ,Mice, Knockout ,Microglia ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Pyramidal Cells ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Temporal Lobe ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Toll-Like Receptor 4 ,Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ,TRIF ,Encephalitis ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that inflammatory processes play a crucial role in the etiopathology of epilepsy and seizure disorders. The Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adapter-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) activated several transcriptions leading to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system, which suggests a potential role for TRIF in the epileptogenesis of epilepsy. In this study, we investigated the roles of TRIF in human and mice epileptogenic tissues. Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays showed that the expression of TRIF was significantly upregulated in neurons and glial cells in both human epileptic tissues and mouse models, and positively correlated with seizure frequency. TRIF expression positively correlated with high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression. In TRIF-deficient mice, electroencephalograms displayed a significant decrease in seizure frequency and duration time, while KA induced seizures compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The number and duration time of spontaneous seizures were also decreased in the chronic KA-induced TRIF-deficient mouse models. In TLR4-deficient hippocampal neurons and mouse models, TRIF expression was lower compared with WT mice during HMGB1 and KA stimulation. Meanwhile, in KA-induced TRIF-deficient mouse models, microglia activation was significantly suppressed; pro-inflammatory factors including IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, HMGB1 and IFN-β were reduced; and the survival of the neurons in the hippocampus increased compared with WT mice. Our findings suggested that TRIF may be involved in the epileptogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy, which would make it a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of epilepsy.
- Published
- 2017
68. Roll-coating fabrication of flexible large area small molecule solar cells with power conversion efficiency exceeding 1%
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Hongzheng Chen, Frederik C. Krebs, Mikkel Jørgensen, Wenqing Liu, Eva Bundgaard, Thomas Rieks Andersen, Weifei Fu, Meirong Chen, Lei Fu, Pei Cheng, Xiaowei Zhan, Natalia Klaudia Zawacka, and Shi-Yong Liu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Fabrication ,Organic solar cell ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Open-circuit voltage ,Photovoltaic system ,Energy conversion efficiency ,General Chemistry ,Hybrid solar cell ,engineering.material ,Polymer solar cell ,Coating ,engineering ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,business - Abstract
All solution-processed flexible large area small molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated via roll-coating technology. Our devices were produced from slot-die coating on a lab-scale mini roll-coater under ambient conditions without the use of spin-coating or vacuum evaporation methods. Four diketopyrrolopyrrole based small molecules (SMs 1–4) were utilized as electron donors with (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester as an acceptor and their photovoltaic performances based on roll-coated devices were investigated. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.01%, combined with an open circuit voltage of 0.73 V, a short-circuit current density of 3.13 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 44% were obtained for the device with SM1, which was the first example reported for efficient roll-coating fabrication of flexible large area small molecule solar cells with PCE exceeding 1%. In addition, roll-coated devices based on SMs 2–4 also showed good performances with PCEs of 0.41%, 0.54%, and 0.31%, respectively. Our results prove that small molecules have the potential for use in industries for large scale production of efficient organic solar cells.
- Published
- 2014
69. Expression and Cellular Distribution of the Interleukin 2 Signaling System in Cortical Lesions From Patients With Focal Cortical Dysplasia
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Jing-Yi Yang, Zheng-Le Zang, Fei-Ji Sun, Chun-Qing Zhang, Wei Guo, Hui Yang, Shi-Yong Liu, Qing Yin, and Da-Hai Zheng
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Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cell Count ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Pathogenesis ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,STAT5 Transcription Factor ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Child ,Janus Kinases ,Cerebral Cortex ,Neocortex ,Janus kinase 1 ,Janus kinase 3 ,Infant ,Receptors, Interleukin-2 ,General Medicine ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Neurology ,Child, Preschool ,STAT protein ,Interleukin-2 ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Signal transduction ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a well-known cause of medically intractable epilepsy. To understand the potential role of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) in the pathogenesis of FCD, we investigated the expression patterns of IL-2 and its receptors (IL-2Rs) in FCD and control samples that included epileptic neocortex from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients and nonepileptic normal cortex (CTX). Greater mRNA and protein levels of IL-2 and IL-2Rs were observed in FCD versus CTX samples. Moreover, the expression of IL-2 and IL-2Rs was significantly higher in FCD II than FCD I. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry results indicated that IL-2 and IL-2Rs were strongly expressed in hypertrophic neurons and neuronal microcolumns in FCD I and highly expressed in malformed cells in FCD II. In addition, the protein levels of Janus kinase 1, Janus kinase 3, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, which are important downstream factors in the IL-2 signaling pathway, were increased in FCD lesions. Soluble IL-2R was decreased in FCD compared with that in CTX samples. These results suggest that upregulation of IL-2 and IL-2Rs combined with activation of IL-2-dependent signaling pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of FCD.
- Published
- 2014
70. 315-MHz Self-Acceleration Start-Up OOK Super-Regenerative Wireless Receiver
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Xu, Jian, primary, Chen, Yu, additional, Chen, Xi, additional, Wang, Zhi-Gong, additional, Du, Jian-Chang, additional, and Shi, Yong-liu, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
71. Expression of the interleukin 17 in cortical tubers of the tuberous sclerosis complex
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Jiao-Jiang He, Song Li, Hui Yang, Kefu Wu, Chun-Qing Zhang, Hai-Feng Shu, Mei-Hua Yang, Shi-Yong Liu, and Qing Yin
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Male ,Cortical tubers ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Inflammatory cytokine ,Immunology ,Clinical Neurology ,Biology ,Tuberous sclerosis ,Tuberous Sclerosis ,Interleukin 17 ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Child ,Cerebral Cortex ,Receptors, Interleukin-17 ,Epilepsy ,Innate immune system ,Microglia ,Interleukin-17 ,fungi ,Infant ,food and beverages ,Acquired immune system ,medicine.disease ,Tuberous sclerosis protein ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neurology ,Tuberous sclerosis complex ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Immunostaining - Abstract
The role of interleukin 17 (IL-17) to epilepsy-associated cortical tubers of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is unknown. We investigated the expression patterns of the IL-17 and IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) in cortical tubers of TSC compared with normal control cortex (CTX). We found that IL-17 and IL-17R were clearly upregulated in cortical tubers at the protein levels. Immunostaining indicated that IL-17 was specifically distributed in the innate immunity cells (DNs, GCs, astrocytes, and microglia) and adaptive immunity cells (T-lymphocytes) as well as the endothelial cells of blood vessels. The overexpression and distribution patterns of IL-17 may be involved in the epileptogenicity of cortical tubers in TSC.
- Published
- 2013
72. New –(D–A1–D–A2)n– type conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications: consensus between low band-gap and low HOMO energy level
- Author
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Shi-Yong Liu, Xiaolian Hu, Weifei Fu, Hongzheng Chen, Junying Pan, Hangqi Shi, Lijian Zuo, Minmin Shi, Meirong Chen, and Lei Fu
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Open-circuit voltage ,Band gap ,Organic Chemistry ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Polymer ,Conjugated system ,Biochemistry ,Polymer solar cell ,chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,Polymer chemistry ,Physical chemistry ,Short circuit ,HOMO/LUMO - Abstract
To gain ideal conjugated polymers with a low band-gap ( E g ) and a deep HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) energy level for photovoltaic application, both strong and weak electron withdrawing units were introduced into polymer backbone. A series of –(D–A 1 –D–A 2 ) n – type diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) containing polymers P1 – P7 were designed and synthesized. The resulting copolymers exhibited both low E g of 1.27–1.48 eV and deep HOMO energy levels of −5.25to −5.44 eV. Preliminary photovoltaic properties of the copolymers blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were investigated. All photovoltaic devices featured high open circuit voltages ( V oc , 0.72–0.91 V). Among the seven copolymers, P5 exhibited the best performance with a V oc of 0.80 V, a short circuit current density ( I sc ) of 3.48 mA/cm 2 , a fill factor (FF) of 43.2%, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.33%.
- Published
- 2013
73. Hydrogen-Bond Influenced Synthesis and Crystal Structures of (4-Chloro-2-[(2-dimethylaminoethylimino)methyl] phenolato)dioxovanadium(V) and Bis(2-[(2-aminoethylimino)methyl]-4-bromophenolato) dioxovanadium(V)
- Author
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Shi-Yong Liu, Yu-Ping Ma, and Hua-Nan Hu
- Subjects
Schiff base ,Ligand ,Stereochemistry ,Hydrogen bond ,Vanadium ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Crystal structure ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,Octahedron ,chemistry ,X-ray crystallography ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Single crystal - Abstract
A mononuclear vanadium complex, [VO2La] (1) (La = 4-chloro- 2-[(2-dimethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenolate), and a binuclear vanadium complex, [VO2Lb]2 (2) (Lb = 2-[(2-aminoethyl imino)methyl]-4-bromophenolate), were prepared and characterized by physical chemical methods (IR and UV-Vis spectra, elemental analysis), and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The V coordinate center in (1) is ligated by three NNO donor atoms of the Schiff base ligand La, and two oxo groups, generating pyramidal coordination. Each V coordinate center in (2) is ligated by three NNO donor atoms of the Schiff base ligand Lb, and three oxo groups, generating octahedral coordination. Close examination on the relationship between structures of Schiff base ligands and the final complexes, hydrogen bonds are the substantial influence factors in the self-assembly processes.
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- 2013
74. Expression of TRPV1 in cortical lesions from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and focal cortical dysplasia type IIb
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Kefu Wu, Qing Yin, Chun-Qing Zhang, Hai-Feng Shu, Si-Xun Yu, Shi-Wen Zhou, Shi-Yong Liu, Hui Yang, and Zhenle Zang
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Male ,Cortical tubers ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Blotting, Western ,Immunocytochemistry ,TRPV1 ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,TRPV Cation Channels ,Biology ,Tuberous sclerosis ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Tuberous Sclerosis ,Cortex (anatomy) ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Cerebral Cortex ,Caspase 3 ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,General Medicine ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Cerebral cortex ,Giant cell ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Neurology (clinical) - Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and focal cortical dysplasia type IIb (FCDIIb) are recognized as causes of intractable epilepsy. Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), a member of the transient receptor potential family, is the capsaicin receptor and is known to be involved in peripheral nociception. Recent evidence suggested that TRPV1 may be a contributing factor in epileptogenicity. Here, we evaluated the expression of TRPV1 in the cortical lesions of TSC and FCDIIb relative to normal control cortex. TRPV1 was studied in epilepsy surgery cases with TSC (cortical tubers; n=12) and FCDIIb (n=12) using immunocytochemistry, confocal analysis, and Western blotting (WB). Immunohistochemical location of the TRPV1 was predominately detected in the abnormal cell types, such as dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells (BCs) and giant cells. Co-localization assays further revealed that cells expressing TRPV1 mainly had a neuronal lineage, apart from some BCs in FCDIIb, which obviously were of astrocytic lineage. The increased TRPV1 expression within the dysplastic cortex of TSC and FCDIIb was confirmed by WB. Interestingly, both immunohistochemical and WB data indicated that TRPV1 might have both cytoplasm and nuclear distribution, suggesting a potential nuclear role of TRPV1. The over-expression of TRPV1 in cortical lesions of TSC and FCDIIb suggested the possible involvement of TRPV1 in the intrinsic and increased epileptogenicity of malformations of cortical development associated epilepsy diseases and may represent a potential antiepileptogenic target. However, the current data are merely descriptive, and further electrophysiological investigation is needed in the future.
- Published
- 2013
75. Pd/C as a Clean and Effective Heterogeneous Catalyst for C–C Couplings toward Highly Pure Semiconducting Polymers
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Hongzheng Chen, Minmin Shi, Wang-Qiu Li, Lei Fu, Hao Jiang, Hanying Li, Xiaolian Hu, and Shi-Yong Liu
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Organic Chemistry ,Side reaction ,Homogeneous catalysis ,Polymer ,Conjugated system ,Heterogeneous catalysis ,Stille reaction ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,Phosphine - Abstract
Conjugated polymers are the primary blocks for organic electronics. Traditionally, conjugated polymers synthesized via Suzuki, Heck, and Stille couplings are catalyzed by soluble homogeneous ligated palladiums, which suffer the contaminations of residual nano-palladium and phosphine impurity resulting from side reaction of aryl–aryl exchange. To overcome these drawbacks, a commercially available, clean, and ligand-free heterogeneous catalyst Pd/C for the C–C coupling polymerizations was developed in this work. The Pd/C catalyst showed increases in catalytic activity for Suzuki and Heck polymerizations, as compared with the classical homogeneous catalyst Pd(PPh3)4. Furthermore, the Pd/C catalyst exhibited advantage of much less Pd residue in the resulting polymers, leading to better charge transport properties as demonstrated by field effect transistors.
- Published
- 2012
76. Comparison of Neuronavigation and Frame-Based Stereotactic Systems in Implanting Epileptic Depth Electrodes
- Author
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Mei-Hua Yang, Xianjun Shi, Ning An, Hui Yang, Xin Chen, Dong Zhang, Shi-Yong Liu, and Zhi Hou
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Neuronavigation ,Adolescent ,Electroencephalography ,Stereoelectroencephalography ,Stereotaxic Techniques ,Young Adult ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,medicine ,Humans ,Epilepsy surgery ,Child ,Epilepsy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe ,Electrodes, Implanted ,Stereotaxic technique ,Electrode ,Surgery ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Implant ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Aim To investigate the application of neuronavigation in the implantation of depth electrodes in patients with epilepsy. Material and methods Thirty-six patients with epilepsy who were implanted with depth electrodes using neuronavigation were assessed for accuracy of implantation and associated complications. Results In the imaging navigation group, patients were implanted with 2-14 depth electrodes. The average number of implantations was 4.8 electrodes/case. The average implantation error was 2.03 ± 0.98 mm, exhibiting no significant difference compared to the frame-based stereotactic group. In the imaging group, an average of 19.4 min was required to implant each electrode, which was significantly shorter than the time required in the frame group (34.5 min). The temporal lobe was elucidated as the factor that affects electrode implantation accuracy. One patient in the imaging group exhibited a small amount of bleeding, and one suffered from cerebrospinal fluid leakage; however, the overall complication rate in the imaging group was lower than that in the frame group. Conclusion Imaging navigation provides better means of depth electrode implantation; its implantation accuracy is similar to that of the frame-based stereotactic method and it is less time consuming and causes less complications, and is especially suitable for stereoelectroencephalography, which requires multiple depth electrodes.
- Published
- 2016
77. Down-Regulated Expression of Liver X Receptor beta in Cortical Lesions of Patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia
- Author
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Xin Chen, Gang Zhu, Lukang Wang, Hui Yang, Jiong Yue, Shi-Yong Liu, Chun-Qing Zhang, and Bing Chen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Down-Regulation ,Biology ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Liver X receptor beta ,0302 clinical medicine ,Western blot ,Neural Stem Cells ,Precursor cell ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Liver X Receptors ,Neurons ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Medicine ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Radial glial cell ,Neural stem cell ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,Oligodendroglia ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Case-Control Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is strongly associated with medically intractable epilepsy. Studies suggest that liver X receptor beta (LXRβ) may participate in the pathogenesis of FCD. The present study investigated the expression pattern of LXRβ in FCD and the distribution of LXRβ in different neural precursor cells. Twenty-five surgical specimens from FCD patients and 11 age-matched control samples from autopsies were included in our study. Protein levels and distribution were detected by western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. We found that (1) the level of LXRβ protein was markedly reduced in FCD. (2) LXRβ staining was weaker in the dysplastic cortices of FCD and was mainly observed in neuronal microcolumns, and malformed cells. (3) LXRβ was co-localized with radial glial cells (RGCs) markers and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) markers in malformed cells. (4) RGCs marker and OPCs marker were down-regulated while LXRβ downstream factors were up-regulated in FCD specimens. Taken together, our results indicate that LXRβ may interact with β-catenin to regulate the generation of OPCs and the transformation of RGCs. LXRβ therefore potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of FCD.
- Published
- 2016
78. Activation of LILRB2 signal pathway in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and in a pilocarpine induced epilepsy model
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Shi-Yong Liu, Jiong Yue, Wei Li, Song Li, Chao Liang, Lukang Wang, Hui Yang, Si-Xun Yu, Zhenle Zang, Xin Chen, and Bing Chen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Hippocampus ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Status epilepticus ,Epileptogenesis ,Temporal lobe ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epilepsy ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Developmental Neuroscience ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Receptors, Immunologic ,Temporal cortex ,Analysis of Variance ,Neocortex ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,Calcium-Binding Proteins ,Microfilament Proteins ,Pilocarpine ,Brain ,Long-term potentiation ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a frequent form of focal intractable epilepsy in adults, but the specific mechanism underlying the epileptogenesis of TLE is still unknown. Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 (LILRB2) (the murine homolog gene called paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B, or PirB), participates in the process of synaptic plasticity and neurite growth in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting a potential role of LILRB2 in epilepsy. However, the expression pattern of LILRB2 and the downstream molecular signal in intractable TLE remains poorly understood. In the present study, western blotting and immunohistochemistry results showed that LILRB2 expression was upregulated in the temporal neocortex of patients with TLE. Moreover, protein levels of LILRB2 negatively correlated with the frequency of seizures in TLE patients. In the pilocarpine-induced C57BL/6 mouse model, PirB upregulation in the hippocampus began 12h after status epilepticus (SE), reached a peak at 7days and then maintained a significantly high level until day 60. Similarly, we found a remarkable increase in PirB expression at 1day, 7days and30days post-SE in the temporal cortex. Double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that LILRB2/PirB were highly expressed in neurons and astrocytes but not microglia. In addition, protein levels of POSH, SHROOM3, ROCK1 and ROCK2, the important downstream factors of the LILRB2 pathway, were significantly increased in the epileptic foci of TLE patients and located on the NeuN-positive neurons and GFAP-positive astrocytes. Taken together, our results indicate that LILRB2/PirB may be involved in the process of TLE.
- Published
- 2016
79. Surgical treatment for epilepsy in 17 children with tuberous sclerosis-related West syndrome
- Author
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Zhi Hou, Hui Yang, Wei Liao, Yong Liu, Mei-Hua Yang, Shi-Yong Liu, Ning An, Fang-Cheng Cai, and Qin Zhang
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Class iii ,Electroencephalography ,Neurosurgical Procedures ,Gesell Developmental Schedules ,Tuberous sclerosis ,Epilepsy ,Child Development ,Postoperative Complications ,Tuberous Sclerosis ,Preoperative Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Surgical treatment ,Retrospective Studies ,Intelligence Tests ,Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Palliative Care ,Infant ,West Syndrome ,Engel classification ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Surgery ,Treatment Outcome ,Neurology ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Spasms, Infantile - Abstract
Summary The efficacy of surgery for the treatment of epilepsy in patients with West syndrome secondary to tuberous sclerosis is unclear. The charts of 17 patients with tuberous sclerosis and secondary West syndrome who underwent a one-stage surgical resection with a combined palliative operative procedure were reviewed. Engel classification was used to classify the patients with regard to seizure status following surgery. After surgery, 11 patients were in Engel class I, 4 in class II, and 2 in class III. The EEG after surgery was normal in 8 patients, significantly improved in 8, and without significant improvement in 1 patient. Six patients had a recurrence of seizures after surgery, which included 3 patients with continuing spasms and 3 patients where the spasms had resolved but had developed either partial seizures or generalized tonic–clonic seizures. There were significant improvements in the Gesell Developmental Schedules for motor field ( P =0.003), adaptive field ( P =0.003), language field ( P =0.033), and personal–social field ( P =0.007). Thus, a one-stage surgical approach can be used to produce satisfactory outcomes in young children with tuberous sclerosis who have secondary West syndrome and seizures that do not respond to conventional antiepileptic therapy, even in when there are multiple epileptogenic foci.
- Published
- 2012
80. Overcoming extreme weather challenges: Successful but variable assisted colonization of wild orchids in southwestern China
- Author
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Xiao-Qing Xie, Bao-Shan Chen, Zheng-Hai Deng, Zi-Bin Zhang, Xin-Lian Wei, Chang-Lin Feng, Hong Liu, Zhongsheng Wang, Yi-Bo Luo, and Shi-Yong Liu
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Range (biology) ,Ecology ,Population ,Endangered species ,Introduced species ,Biology ,Extreme weather ,Habitat destruction ,Assisted colonization ,Colonization ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Assisted colonization of endangered species to locations outside their native ranges in response to projected climate change has emerged as a potential, but highly controversial conservation tool. The debate has been largely philosophical and hypothetical as little biological data exist in the literature. In 2006, nearly 1000 endangered wild orchid plants belonging to 29 species were translocated to higher elevations in subtropical southwestern China in response to inundation threats from a hydropower project. We took advantage of this upward translocation to address one of the main biological concerns associated with assisted colonization, i.e. whether the target endangered species can survive in the novel environment that is projected to be suitable for them, sometime in the future. We assessed the impacts of two extreme weather events, translocation shock and herbivory, on survival of 20 of these species and 462 individuals that were translocated beyond their current range vs. within that range. A cold spell in 2008 on average caused 10% mortality, less than the mortality rate from herbivores. However, the cold spell was the only force that extirpated an out-of-range population. No mortality resulted from a drought event in 2010. The 5-year survival percentages were not different between low and wide elevation species (69.3% mean ± 36.3% standard deviation vs. 67.3% ± 30.9%). Orchids represent 10% of flowering plant diversity and are among the most endangered group of organisms due to a combination of their often specialized ecological requirements, habitat destruction, and overexploitation. The demonstrated ability to survive extreme environmental challenges indicates that assisted colonization may be a viable conservation tool for the many endangered orchids worldwide due to climate change and/or other reasons.
- Published
- 2012
81. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in cortical lesions from patients with focal cortical dysplasia type IIb and tuberous sclerosis complex
- Author
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Song Li, Qing Yin, Chun-Qing Zhang, Hai-Feng Shu, Si-Xun Yu, Mei-Hua Yang, Shi-Yong Liu, Ning An, and Hui Yang
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biology ,Giant Cells ,Epileptogenesis ,Extracellular matrix ,Tuberous sclerosis ,Epilepsy ,Tuberous Sclerosis ,Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Molecular Biology ,Cerebral Cortex ,Neurons ,Brain Diseases ,Microglia ,General Neuroscience ,Infant ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,body regions ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Cerebral cortex ,Giant cell ,Astrocytes ,Child, Preschool ,Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The malformative cortical lesions in the cerebral cortex that are characteristic of focal cortical dysplasia type IIb (FCDIIb) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are well-recognized causes of chronic intractable epilepsy in children. Increasing evidence suggests that extracellular matrix molecules play important roles in epileptogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), a typical extracellular matrix proteolytic protease, has been shown to participate in the occurrence of seizures in experimental models. In the present study, we used immunoblotting to analyze the levels of MMP9 protein in FCDIIb lesions, TSC tubers and control samples, which included epileptic neocortices from temporal lobe epilepsy and non-epileptic normal cortices (CTX). The cellular distribution of MMP9 was further investigated by immunohistochemical methods. Our findings demonstrated the elevated levels of the inactive and active forms of MMP9 protein in FCDIIb and TSC lesions compared with CTX. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical results showed that MMP9 was characteristically expressed in the following misshapen cells: hypertrophic neurons, dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells and giant cells. Additionally, double immunofluorescent staining revealed that the reactive astrocytes, but not the microglia, expressed high levels of MMP9. Taken together, our findings suggest that the overexpression and spatial distribution patterns of MMP9 may be linked with the intractable epilepsy caused by FCDIIb and TSC.
- Published
- 2012
82. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Dioxovanadium Complexes With Schiff Bases
- Author
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Yu-Ping Ma and Shi-Yong Liu
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,Schiff base ,Deprotonation ,Octahedron ,chemistry ,Phenol ,Crystal structure ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Spectral line - Abstract
Two new dioxovanadium complexes, [VO2L1]2 (1) and [VO2L2]2 (2), where L1 and L2 are the deprotonated forms of 2-bromo-4-chloro-6- { [2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino)methyl]phenol (HL1) and 2- { [2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino]methyl } phenol (HL2), respectively, have been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis spectra, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both complexes are centrosymmetric dimeric dioxovanadium(V) compounds, with the V…V distances of 3.251(2) A and 3.127(2) A, respectively. The V atoms in the complexes are in octahedral coordination.
- Published
- 2012
83. Elevated Expression of VEGF-C and Its Receptors, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
- Author
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Chun-Qing Zhang, Wei Guo, Song Li, Qing Yin, Yu-Jia Wei, Hui Yang, Shi-Yong Liu, Xin Chen, Fei-Ji Sun, and Jiao-Jiang He
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Adult ,Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C ,Hippocampus ,Neocortex ,Biology ,Epileptogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Receptor ,Neurons ,Kinase insert domain receptor ,General Medicine ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ,nervous system diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Vascular endothelial growth factor C ,Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe ,Astrocytes ,Case-Control Studies ,embryonic structures ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a frequent form of focal intractable epilepsy in adults. We previously reported overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and its receptors, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, in epilepsy-associated tuberous sclerosis complex. To identify whether VEGF-C and its receptors are involved in epileptogenesis of MTLE, we investigated the levels and expression pattern of VEGF-C and its receptors in temporal neocortex and hippocampus (HPC) from 28 patients with MTLE and ten control (CTX) subjects. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting results revealed upregulated mRNA and immunoreactive protein levels of VEGF-C, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3 in the MTLE group compared to the control groups. Immunohistochemistry and double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that VEGF-C was highly expressed in neurons and astrocytes, including reactive astrocytes and vascular endothelial cells, VEGFR-2 was expressed at a high level in reactive astrocytes and vascular endothelial cells, but not in neurons, whereas VEGFR-3 was only overexpressed in reactive astrocytes. Taken together, these findings suggest that VEGF-C and its receptors, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, may contribute to the epileptogenesis of MTLE.
- Published
- 2015
84. Equivalent Circuit Model of Top-Emitting OLED for the Designing of OLED-on-Silicon Microdisplay
- Author
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Chuan Nan Li, Shi Yong Liu, Shao Xin Zong, Chen Lv, Yi Zhao, and Guohua Xie
- Subjects
Engineering ,Pixel ,Silicon ,business.industry ,Spice ,General Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,chemistry ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,OLED ,Electronic engineering ,Equivalent circuit ,Electronic design automation ,business ,NMOS logic ,Hardware_LOGICDESIGN ,Electronic circuit - Abstract
In the commonly-used EDA software, there is no equivalent circuit model of top-emitting OLED for SPICE, so it is difficult while the OLED pixel driving circuits are designed such as in microdisplay applications. To solve the problem, its SPICE model of top-emitting OLED was studied in this paper. Three models including the diode-connected NMOS model, the single-diode model, and the double-diode paralleled model are discussed and their simulation results from EDA software HSPICE are compared. Results show that the fitted errors obtained from the diode-connected NMOS model is the smallest, but its simulated errors are the largest. The fitted errors and the simulated errors obtained from the single-diode model are also large. However, small fitted errors and simulated errors got from double-diode paralleled model show that this model satisfies the application of the designing for OLED pixel driving circuits.
- Published
- 2011
85. Hydrogen Bond-Induced Assembly and Crystal Structures of Two Oxovanadium Complexes with Schiff Bases
- Author
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Shi-Yong Liu and Yu-Ping Ma
- Subjects
Schiff base ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Infrared ,Hydrogen bond ,Acetylacetone ,Crystal structure ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,Deprotonation ,Octahedron ,Phenol ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry - Abstract
Two new oxovanadium complexes, [VOL1(acac)] (1) and [VO2L2]2 (2), where acac is acetylacetone, and L1 and L2 are the deprotonated forms of 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(2-dimethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol (HL1) and 2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(2-methylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol (HL2), respectively, have been synthesized and characterized by infrared (IR) spectra and single-crystal x-ray diffraction. Complex (1) is a mononuclear oxovanadium(IV) complex. Complex (2) is a centrosymmetric dinuclear dioxovanadium(V) complex, with the V···V distance of 3.133(2) A. The V atoms in both complexes are in octahedral coordination. The different of the structures of the complexes is largely induced by the hydrogen bonds during the self-assembly.
- Published
- 2011
86. Expression and Cellular Distribution of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C System in Cortical Tubers of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
- Author
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Qing Yin, Hui Yang, Sen-Lin Xu, Ning An, Chun-Qing Zhang, Ye-Chun Song, Hai-Feng Shu, Shi-Yong Liu, and Jin-bo Yin
- Subjects
Cortical tubers ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,General Neuroscience ,fungi ,food and beverages ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Cell biology ,Pathogenesis ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Vascular endothelial growth factor C ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Signal transduction ,Receptor ,Immunostaining - Abstract
Cortical tubers are malformations of cortical development in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and highly associated with pediatric intractable epilepsy. Recent evidence has shown that signaling mediated through vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and its receptors, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, has direct effects on both neurons and glial cells. To understand the potential role of VEGF-C system in the pathogenesis of cortical tubers, we investigated the expression patterns of VEGF-C signaling in cortical tubers compared with age-matched normal control cortex (CTX). We found that VEGF-C, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 were clearly upregulated in tubers at both the mRNA and protein levels, compared with CTX. The in situ hybridization and immunostaining results demonstrated that VEGF-C, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 were highly expressed in dysplastic neurons (DNs), giant cells (GCs) and reactive astrocytes within tubers. Most DNs/GCs expressing VEGF-C and its receptors co-labeled with neuronal rather than astrocytic markers, suggesting a neuronal lineage. In addition, protein levels of Akt-1, p-Bad and ERK1/2, the important downstream factors of the VEGF-C pathway, were significantly increased in cortical tubers, indicating involvement of VEGF-C-dependent prosurvival signaling in cortical tubers. Taken together, our results suggest a putative role for the VEGF-C signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of cortical tubers.
- Published
- 2011
87. Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of Two Dioxovanadium(V) Complexes with Schiff Bases
- Author
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Yu-Ping Ma, Zhong-Lu You, Ren-Hua Zheng, and Shi-Yong Liu
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,Steric effects ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,Deprotonation ,Schiff base ,chemistry ,Octahedral molecular geometry ,Infrared spectroscopy ,Crystal structure ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Single crystal ,Square pyramidal molecular geometry - Abstract
Two new dioxovanadium(V) complexes, [VO2L1]2 (1) and [VO2L2] (2), where L1 and L2 are the deprotonated forms of 4-chloro-2-[(2-isopropylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol and 4-chloro-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethylimino)methyl]phenol, respectively, have been synthesized and characterized by IR spectra and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex (1) is a centrosymmetric dinuclear dioxovanadium complex, with the V atom six-coordinate in an octahedral geometry. The V⋅⋅⋅V distance is 3.224(2) A. Complex (2) is a mononuclear dioxovanadium complex, with the V atom five-coordinate in a distorted square pyramidal geometry. The steric effects of the terminal groups in the Schiff base ligands can influence the structures of the complexes.
- Published
- 2011
88. Expression of the Interleukin 6 System in Cortical Lesions From Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type IIb
- Author
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Shi-Yong Liu, Ning An, Qing Yin, Hai-Feng Shu, Chun-Qing Zhang, and Hui Yang
- Subjects
Male ,Cell type ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gene Expression ,Cell Count ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Biology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Tuberous Sclerosis ,Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ,Cytokine Receptor gp130 ,medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Cerebral Cortex ,Janus kinase 2 ,Glial fibrillary acidic protein ,Interleukin-6 ,Infant ,General Medicine ,Cortical dysplasia ,Glycoprotein 130 ,medicine.disease ,Receptors, Interleukin-6 ,Malformations of Cortical Development ,Neurology ,Child, Preschool ,Interleukin-6 receptor ,STAT protein ,biology.protein ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Signal transduction - Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and focal cortical dysplasia type IIb (FCDIIb) are characterized by epilepsy-associated cerebral cortical malformations. To understand the potential role of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of these lesions, we analyzed the IL-6 system in TSC and FCDIIb cortical lesions and in control cortex (CTX). Greater messenger RNA and protein levels of IL-6 and of its receptors (i.e. IL-6 receptor [IL-6R] and glycoprotein 130 [gp130]) were observed in TSC and FCDIIb lesions versus CTX. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that IL-6 and IL-6R were strongly expressed in misshapen cells, namely, dysmorphic neurons, giant neurons, and balloon cells. Glycoprotein 130 was diffusely expressed in nearly all cell types. Most IL-6/IL-6R+ misshapen cells colabeled with neuronal rather than astrocytic markers, suggesting a neuronal lineage; most IL-6/IL-6R+ balloon cells in FCDIIb expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein. Protein levels of Janus kinase 2 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were greater than in CTX, suggesting involvement of the gp130-Janus kinase 2-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway in IL-6 signal transduction. Soluble IL-6R, but not soluble gp130, was greater in TSC and FCDIIb lesions than in CTX, indicating activation of this trans-signaling pathway. These results suggest that overexpression in the IL-6 system and activation of IL-6 signal transduction pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of cortical lesions in TSC and FCDIIb.
- Published
- 2010
89. Folded or nonfolded fluorophores incorporating naphthalene: Their fluorescent quenching driven by charge transfer or co-aggregation in the aqueous–organic binary solvent
- Author
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Shi Yong Liu, Qi Zhong Zhou, Huang Jiang Jiang, and Shu Min Zhao
- Subjects
Quenching ,Solvent ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Aqueous solution ,Fluorophore ,Chemistry ,Reagent ,Analytical chemistry ,Charge (physics) ,General Chemistry ,Photochemistry ,Fluorescence ,Naphthalene - Abstract
Folded or nonfolded fluorophores incorporating naphthalene were synthesized and characterized by steady state fluorescence technique. Paraquat as an excellent quenching reagent quenched the fluorescence of Ne16 or nDs (n = 1–4) driven by charge transfer. Under aggregation of nDs, α-CD did not quench the fluorescence of 1D. At lower concentration, the quenching tendency of α-CD against nDs is 2D > 3D > 4D, while at higher concentration, the tendency is 2D
- Published
- 2010
90. The modulatory effects of bHLH transcription factors with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway on differentiation of neural progenitor cells derived from neonatal mouse anterior subventricular zone
- Author
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Ke-Jun Qiu, Ye-Chun Song, Zhi-Yuan Zhang, Chun-Qing Zhang, Shi-Yong Liu, Hui Yang, and Hai-Feng Shu
- Subjects
endocrine system ,Rostral migratory stream ,Neurogenesis ,Subventricular zone ,Mice, Inbred Strains ,Biology ,Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ,Mice ,Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ,medicine ,Animals ,Stem Cell Niche ,HES1 ,Progenitor cell ,Molecular Biology ,Transcription factor ,Cells, Cultured ,beta Catenin ,Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Neurons ,Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ,Stem Cells ,General Neuroscience ,Wnt signaling pathway ,Cell Differentiation ,Neural stem cell ,Olfactory bulb ,Cell biology ,Wnt Proteins ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,embryonic structures ,Transcription Factor HES-1 ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neuroscience ,Signal Transduction ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) located adjacent to the lateral ventricles is the major site where neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are concentrated in the adult brain. NPCs in the anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) generate neuronal precursors and migrate along a highly localized pathway--the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb (OB), where they differentiate into interneurons. To investigate the modulatory effects of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors on differentiation from SVZa NPCs, we firstly examined the distribution of bHLH family members (Mash1, Id2, and Hes1) in cultured mouse SVZa NPCs and evaluated their regulatory effects on differentiation by transfection with Mash1, Id2, or Hes1 eukaryotic expression plasmid. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of bHLH transcription factors on the expression of downstream molecules of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, beta-catenin and (Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta). Our results demonstrated that Mash1, Id2, Hes1 were all widely expressed in in vitro progenies from mouse SVZa NPCs. Analyses of SVZa NPCs transfected with eukaryotic expression plasmids showed that Mash1 promoted neuronal differentiation from SVZa NPCs, while Id2 and Hes1 repressed neuronal differentiation. In addition, we found that Id2 and Hes1 simulated expression of beta-catenin and GSK-3beta, while Mash1 inhibited their expression. Our results suggest that the classic bHLH transcription factors, Mash1, Id2 and Hes1, play important roles in the regulation of differentiation from SVZa NPCs. This modulation is possibly mediated by a coordination of bHLH and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
- Published
- 2010
91. Electrical Conductibility of Copper Clad Steel Wire by Drawing at Room Temperature
- Author
-
Yang Zhang, Hong Tao Gao, Yong Qing Ma, Shi Yong Liu, and Yun Zhong Wu
- Subjects
Cladding (metalworking) ,Materials science ,Carbon steel ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metallurgy ,Rebar ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,Microstructure ,Copper ,law.invention ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,law ,Copper-clad steel ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary ,Composite material - Abstract
By application of clad-bonding technique of pure copper sheet and plain low carbon steel rebar Q195, the cladding wires in different diameter by drawing at room temperature have been worked. The increasing ratio of the area of grain boundary is in direct proportion to deformation approximately. The resistivity of the cladding wires go up in direct proportion to deformation because the increment of the area of grain boundary results in increment of static disfigurement to electron dispersion. When deformation is less 9.6, the relative increment of resistivity is less 1.1%, i.e. the wire is provided with good electrical conductivity. And the resistance and resistivity of the wires can be estimeted based on copper ratio of transverse section of the cladding wire and the deformation by drawing at room temperature.
- Published
- 2007
92. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper Clad Aluminium Wire by Drawing at Room Temperature
- Author
-
Yang Zhang, Hong Tao Gao, Shi Yong Liu, Yong Qing Ma, and Yun Zhong Wu
- Subjects
Equiaxed crystals ,Cladding (metalworking) ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Alloy ,Metallurgy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,engineering.material ,Microstructure ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Aluminium ,Ultimate tensile strength ,engineering ,Copper-clad aluminium wire ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Deformation (engineering) - Abstract
The microstructure and mechanical properties of pure copper clad Aluminum wires in different diameters by drawing at room temperature were studied in this paper. The results show that the microstructure of the cladding wire by drawing at room temperature is vimineous grain as fibril shape from prime equiaxed grain. The fibril diameter is in inverse proportion to deformation and the fibril length is in direct proportion to square of deformation approximately. The ultimate tensile strength of the cladding wire by drawing at room temperature increases in direct proportion to square root of deformation, and the elongation decreases and fluctuates. Basis of the ultimate tensile strength of prime pure copper and aluminum alloy, the ultimate tensile strength of the cladding wires in different diameters can be doped out by mixed principle of composite material.
- Published
- 2007
93. Involvement of over-expressed BMP4 in pentylenetetrazol kindling-induced cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of adult rats
- Author
-
Haiwei Xu, Qing Yin, Ning An, Hui Yang, Shi-Yong Liu, Jin-bo Yin, Xiaotang Fan, and Yuxin Ma
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biophysics ,Hippocampus ,Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Biochemistry ,Subgranular zone ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Kindling, Neurologic ,medicine ,Animals ,Pentylenetetrazol ,Molecular Biology ,In Situ Hybridization ,Kindling ,Chemistry ,Dentate gyrus ,Neurogenesis ,Cell Biology ,Anatomy ,Granule cell ,Immunohistochemistry ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Bromodeoxyuridine ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ,Dentate Gyrus ,Pentylenetetrazole ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus is one of a few regions in the adult mammalian brain characterized by ongoing neurogenesis. Proliferation of neural precursors in the granule cell layer of the DG has been identified in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling epilepsy model, however, little is known about the molecular mechanism. We previously reported that the expression pattern of bone morphogenetic proteins-4 (BMP4) mRNA in the hippocampus was developmentally regulated and mainly localized in the DG of the adult. To explore the role of BMP4 in epileptic activity, we detected BMP4 expression in the DG during PTZ kindling process and explore its correlation with cell proliferation combined with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling technique. We found that dynamic changes in BMP4 level and BrdU labeled cells dependent on the kindling stage of PTZ induced seizure-prone state. The number of BMP4 mRNA-positive cells and BrdU labeled cells reached the top level 1 day after PTZ kindled, then declined to base level 2 months later. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between increased BMP4 mRNA expression and increased number of BrdU labeled cells. After effectively blocked expression of BMP4 with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ASODN), the BrdU labeled cells in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone(DG-SGZ) and hilus were significantly decreased 16d after the first PTZ injection and 1, 3, 7, 14d after kindled respectively. These findings suggest that increased proliferation in the DG of the hippocampus resulted from kindling epilepsy elicited by PTZ maybe be modulated by BMP4 over-expression.
- Published
- 2007
94. [Study on High-yield Cultivation Measures for Arctii Fructus]
- Author
-
Shi-yong, Liu, Xiao-bo, Jiang, Tao, Wang, Ji-ye, Sun, Shang-qin, Hu, and Li, Zhang
- Subjects
Soil ,Glucosides ,Seeds ,Fertilizers ,Furans ,Crop Production ,Arctium ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
To find out the high yield cultivation measures for Arctii Fructus.Completely randomized block experiment design method was used in the field planting, to analyze the effect of different cultivation way on agronomic characters, phenological phase,quality and quantity of Arctii Fructus.Arctium lappa planted on August 28 had the best results of plant height, thousand seeds weight and yield. The highest yield of Arctii Fructus was got at the density of 1,482 plants/667 m2. Arctiin content was in an increase trend with the planting time delay and planting density increasing. The plant height, thousand seeds weight, yield and arctiin content by split application of fertilizer were significantly higher than that by one-time fertilization. Compared with open field Arctium lappa, plant height, yield, arctiin content and relative water content of plastic film mulching Arctium lappa was higher by 7.74%, 10.87%, 6.38% and 24.20%, respectively. In the topping Arctium lappa, the yield was increased by 11.09%, with 39. 89% less branching number. Early planting time and topping shortened the growth cycle of Arctium lappa plant.The high-yield cultivation measures of Arctii Fructus are: around August 28 to sowing, planting density of 1 482 plants/667 m2, split application of fertilizer for four times, covering film on surface of the soil and topping in bolting.
- Published
- 2015
95. Expression Patterns of TRPC1 in Cortical Lesions from Patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia
- Author
-
Hai-Feng Shu, Kaifeng Shen, Wei Zhang, Zhenle Zang, Da-Hai Zheng, Xin Zheng, Xin Chen, Yu-Jia Wei, Song Li, Hui Yang, Wei Guo, Bangyun Zhao, and Shi-Yong Liu
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Glutamic Acid ,Biology ,Epileptogenesis ,TRPC1 ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Glutamatergic ,Epilepsy ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Child ,TRPC Cation Channels ,Neurons ,General Medicine ,Cortical dysplasia ,medicine.disease ,Child, Preschool ,Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I ,Knockout mouse ,GABAergic ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female - Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is known as a common cause of chronic refractory epilepsy, but the underlying mechanisms of the factors that lead to FCD-related epilepsy are unclear. Previous studies have shown that canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) might be involved in the process of epileptogenesis. Canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1), which is ubiquitously expressed in the brain, has been shown to be involved in epileptiform bust firing in knockout mice. In this study, we examined the expression of TRPC1 in FCD type Ia (FCDIa), FCD type IIa (FCDIIa), and FCD type IIb (FCDIIb) surgical specimens from patients and age-matched autopsy control samples. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting indicated that TRPC1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in FCDIa, FCDIIa, and FCDIIb samples compared to control samples. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that TRPC1 was mainly distributed in microcolumns, dysmorphic neurons, and balloon cells. Further double immunofluorescent staining showed that TRPC1 was co-localized with glutamatergic and GABAergic markers. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the overexpression and specific cellular location of TRPC1 might be related to the epileptogenesis of FCD.
- Published
- 2015
96. Photovoltaics: A Tetraperylene Diimides Based 3D Nonfullerene Acceptor for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics (Adv. Sci. 4/2015)
- Author
-
Shi-Yong Liu, Chen Hao Wu, Chang-Zhi Li, Sheng-Qiang Liu, Hongzheng Chen, Kung-Hwa Wei, and Alex K.-Y. Jen
- Subjects
Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Engineering ,nonfullerene acceptor ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Nanotechnology ,3D molecules ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Acceptor ,Solution processed ,Photovoltaics ,General Materials Science ,Inside Front Cover ,organic photovoltaics ,business ,perylene diimides ,solution‐processed - Abstract
A 3D organic dye has been developed to fulfill the multi‐dimensional charge‐ and energy‐harvest in bulk‐heterojunction thin film organic solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity. In article number 1500014, H.‐Z. Chen, A. K.‐Y. Jen, and co‐workers discuss how the simple, yet delicate design strategy transforms the original planar sub‐units into a 3D molecular geometry with a compact tetrahedron core, of which four sub‐units are interlocked to reinforce structural rigidity of the molecule. The cover was designed by Xiaoming Lu.
- Published
- 2015
97. A Tetraperylene Diimides Based 3D Nonfullerene Acceptor for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics
- Author
-
Kung-Hwa Wei, Alex K.-Y. Jen, Chen Hao Wu, Chang-Zhi Li, Shi Yong Liu, Sheng-Qiang Liu, and Hongzheng Chen
- Subjects
Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Nanotechnology ,3D molecules ,Photochemistry ,Excimer ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Polymer solar cell ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Diimide ,General Materials Science ,Communication ,Energy conversion efficiency ,General Engineering ,nonfullerene acceptor ,Acceptor ,Planarity testing ,Communications ,chemistry ,organic photovoltaics ,perylene diimides ,Perylene ,solution‐processed - Abstract
A nonfullerene acceptor based on a 3D tetraperylene diimide is developed for bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics. The disruption of perylene diimide planarity with a 3D framework suppresses the self-aggregation of perylene diimide and inhibits excimer formation. From planar monoperylene diimide to 3D tetraperylene diimide, a significant improvement of power conversion efficiency from 0.63% to 3.54% can be achieved.
- Published
- 2015
98. Characteristics of Low Temperature Brittle Fracture Surface of High Nitrogen Austenitic Steel
- Author
-
Shi Yong Liu, Shi Cheng Liu, and De Yi Liu
- Subjects
Austenite ,Materials science ,Carbon steel ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metallurgy ,Transgranular fracture ,Fracture mechanics ,engineering.material ,Intergranular fracture ,Fracture toughness ,Mechanics of Materials ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary ,Crystal twinning - Abstract
Fracture surface and crack propagation in low temperature brittle fracture (LTBF) of an 18Cr-18Mn-0.7N high nitrogen austenitic steel (HNAS) were examined by means of scanning electronic microscopy, and compared with behaviours of LTBF of low carbon steel. Similar to BCC low carbon steel, the HNAS experienced a typical ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) with decreasing temperature, and the appearance of the fracture surface transited from fibrous to granular. Dual-surface observation revealed that there were three types of fracture modes in LTBF of the HNAS: annealing twin boundary fracture, intergranular fracture, and transgranular fracture. The annealing twin boundary fracture facets were parallel to {111} planes, and were fairly flat and smooth, with a pattern of three sets of parallel straight-lines intersecting at 60. There were also bent steps that originated and terminated at grain boundaries. The transgranular fracture facets were coarse and uneven, with uniformly distributed small pits and partially river pattern on them. The intergranular fracture facets were smoothly curved ones on which more than three sets of parallel deformation structure trace lines were observed. Careful observation on crack propagation demonstrated that during LTBF of the HNAS, microcracks formed firstly at grain boundary and annealing twin boundary, and then these microcracks came together and coalesced to induce crack propagation through grains, resulting in a fracture appearance with shiny facets distributing in dull facets.
- Published
- 2006
99. [Anatomical characteristics of laminae and petioles of 11 species of Salvia and their taxonomic significance]
- Author
-
Tao, Wang, Shi-Yong, Liu, Long, Wang, Hong-Yu, Wang, and Li, Zhang
- Subjects
Plant Leaves ,Cluster Analysis ,Salvia - Abstract
Anatomical features of the lamina and petiole of 11 species of Salvia had been compared. The microstructures of 11 species of Salvia were observed by paraffin method, and indexes such as the epidermis, xylems and phloems were measured. The data set was analyzed by principal components analysis method and cluster analysis method. The results indicated that the laminae of 11 species of Salvia were bifacial leaf, and the surface of laminae and petioles were covered with villous. The upper epidermis and lower epidermis of the laminae of 11 species of Salvia were constituted by a dense cuticular layer without stratum corneum. Differences existed in the structure of cross sectio mn of laminae and petioles of 11 species of Salvia. Among them, upper epidermal thickness of nine different micromorphological characters could serve as one of the criteria to identify species of taxonomic Salvia. The identification of genetic relationship of these characters in Salvia were discussed in the paper to provide an evidence of anatomy in Salvia.
- Published
- 2014
100. High-Efficient Non-Doped Type White Organic Light-Emitting Devices Using an Electron/Exciton Blocker
- Author
-
Wenfa Xie and Shi Yong Liu
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Exciton ,Non doped ,Electron ,Electroluminescence ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Luminance ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,business ,Rubrene - Abstract
Non-doped type white organic electroluminescent (EL) devices have the following structure ITO/m-MTDATA (30nm) /NPB (20-dnm) /rubrene (0.1nm) /NPB (dnm) /DPVBi (20nm) /TPBi (20nm) /Alq (10nm) /LiF/Al were fabricated. The EL spectrum of the devices are dependent on the d and when d=3, the CIE coordinates of the device were well within the white region for voltage raging from 3V to 15V. This device has a luminance of 18950cd/m2 at 15V and maximum power efficiency of 5.65cd/A at 6V.
- Published
- 2005
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