Search

Your search keyword '"Shi, Peijian"' showing total 391 results
Start Over Author "Shi, Peijian"
391 results on '"Shi, Peijian"'

52. Evidence that Chinese white olive (Canarium album(Lour.) DC.) fruits are solids of revolution

Author

Wang, Lin, Shi, Peijian, Chen, Long, Gielis, Johan, and Niklas, Karl J.

Abstract

ABSTRACTAlthough many fruit geometries resemble a solid of revolution, this assumption has rarely been rigorously examined. To test this assumption, 574 fruits of Canarium album(Lour.) DC. which appear to have an ellipsoidal shape, were examined to determine the validity of a general avian-based egg-shape equation, referred to as the explicit Preston equation (EPE). The assumption that the C. albumfruit geometry is a solid of revolution is tested by applying the volume formula for a solid of revolution using the EPE. The goodness of fit of the EPE was assessed using the adjusted root-mean-square error (RMSEadj). The relationship between the observed volume (Vobs) of each fruit, as measured by water displacement in a graduated cylinder, and the predicted volumes (Vpre) based on the EPE was also evaluated using the equation Vpre = slope * Vobs. All the RMSEadjvalues were smaller than 0.05, which demonstrated the validity of the EPE based on C. albumfruit profiles. The 95% confidence interval of the slope of Vprevs. Vobsincluded 1.0, indicating that there was no significant difference between Vpreand Vobs. The data confirm that C. albumfruits are solids of revolution. This study provides a new approach for calculating the volume and surface area of geometrically similar fruits, which can be extended to other species with similar fruit geometries to further explore the ontogeny and evolution of angiosperm reproductive organs.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

54. ‘biogeom’: An R package for simulating and fitting natural shapes

Author

Shi, Peijian, Gielis, Johan, Quinn, Brady K., Niklas, Karl J., Ratkowsky, David A., Schrader, Julian, Ruan, Honghua, Wang, Lin, Niinemets, Ülo, and Niinennets, Ulo

Subjects
Plant Leaves, History and Philosophy of Science, Fruit, General Neuroscience, Seeds, Animals, Biology, Engineering sciences. Technology, Biological Evolution, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Many natural objects exhibit radial or axial symmetry in a single plane. However, a universal tool for simulating and fitting the shapes of such objects is lacking. Herein, we present an R package called 'biogeom' that simulates and fits many shapes found in nature. The package incorporates novel universal parametric equations that generate the profiles of bird eggs, flowers, linear and lanceolate leaves, seeds, starfish, and tree-rings, and three growth-rate equations that generate the profiles of ovate leaves and the ontogenetic growth curves of animals and plants. 'biogeom' includes several empirical datasets comprising the boundary coordinates of bird eggs, fruits, lanceolate and ovate leaves, tree rings, seeds, and sea stars. The package can also be applied to other kinds of natural shapes similar to those in the datasets. In addition, the package includes sigmoid curves derived from the three growth-rate equations, which can be used to model animal and plant growth trajectories and predict the times associated with maximum growth rate. 'biogeom' can quantify the intra- or interspecific similarity of natural outlines, and it provides quantitative information of shape and ontogenetic modification of shape with important ecological and evolutionary implications for the growth and form of the living world.

Published
2022

55. Evidence That Field Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naud.) Fruits Are Solids of Revolution.

Author

He, Ke, Hui, Cang, Yao, Weihao, Wang, Jinfeng, Wang, Lin, Li, Qiying, and Shi, Peijian

Subjects
MUSKMELON, BIRD eggs, FRUIT, MEASUREMENT errors, VOLUME measurements
Abstract

In nature, the fruit shapes of many plants resemble avian eggs, a form extensively studied as solids of revolution. Despite this, the hypothesis that egg-shaped fruits are themselves solids of revolution remains unvalidated. To address this, 751 Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naud. fruits were photographed, and the two-dimensional (2D) boundary coordinates of each fruit profile were digitized. Then, the explicit Preston equation (EPE), a universal egg-shape model, was used to fit the 2D boundary coordinates to obtain the estimates of the EPE's parameters of each fruit. Under the hypothesis that egg-shaped fruits are solids of revolution, the fruit volumes were estimated using the solid of revolution formula based on the estimated EPE's parameters. To test whether the fruits are solids of revolution, the fruit volumes were measured by using a graduated cylinder and compared with the estimated volumes using the solid of revolution formula. The EPE was demonstrated to be valid in describing the 2D profiles of C. melo var. agrestis fruits. There was a significant correlation between the measured fruit volumes using the graduated cylinder and the estimated fruit volumes using the solid of revolution formula based on the estimated EPE's parameters. Acknowledging potential measurement errors, particularly fruit fuzz causing air bubbles during volume measurements, we recognize slight deviations between measured volumes and estimated values. Despite this, our findings strongly suggest that C. melo var. agrestis fruits are solids of revolution. This study contributes insights into the evolutionary aspects of fruit geometries in plants with egg-shaped fruits and introduces a practical tool for non-destructively calculating fruit volume and surface area based on photographed 2D fruit profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

60. Synergistic Control of Microstructures and Properties in Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys Via Directional Solidification and Strong Magnetic Field

Author

Jiang, Xin, primary, Li, Yi, additional, Shi, Peijian, additional, Yang, Yinpan, additional, Wang, Mingyang, additional, Huang, Jingran, additional, Qin, Yi, additional, Lin, Yifan, additional, Tan, Bodong, additional, Ruan, Yiheng, additional, Wang, Xiaohan, additional, Zhou, Bangfei, additional, Ding, Biao, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Shen, Zhe, additional, Zheng, Tianxiang, additional, Liu, Chunmei, additional, Liaw, Peter K., additional, and Zhong, Yunbo, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

62. Effect of Accelerated Fe-Rich Precipitation Induced by Ag Addition on the Microstructure and Comprehensive Properties of Cu–10 Wt Pct Fe Alloys

Author

Shi, Junqi, primary, Zhao, Lun, additional, Chen, Liangguo, additional, Zhang, Shunran, additional, Lin, Zhongze, additional, Tang, Ganpei, additional, Ren, Lang, additional, Shi, Peijian, additional, Zheng, Tianxiang, additional, Guo, Yifeng, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Shen, Zhe, additional, Ding, Biao, additional, and Zhong, Yunbo, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

71. Tree Size Influences Leaf Shape but Does Not Affect the Proportional Relationship Between Leaf Area and the Product of Length and Width

Author

Ma, Jianzhong, Niklas, Karl J., Liu, Leyi, Fang, Zhendong, Li, Yirong, and Shi, Peijian

Subjects
Plant Science
Abstract

The Montgomery equation predicts leaf area as the product of leaf length and width multiplied by a correction factor. It has been demonstrated to apply to a variety of leaf shapes. However, it is unknown whether tree size (measured as the diameter at breast height) affects leaf shape and size, or whether such variations in leaf shape can invalidate the Montgomery equation in calculating leaf area. Here, we examined 60 individual trees of the alpine oak (Quercus pannosa) in two growth patterns (trees growing from seeds vs. growing from roots), with 30 individuals for each site. Between 100 and 110 leaves from each tree were used to measure leaf dry mass, leaf area, length, and width, and to calculate the ellipticalness index, ratio of area between the two sides of the lamina, and the lamina centroid ratio. We tested whether tree size affects leaf shape, size, and leaf dry mass per unit area, and tested whether the Montgomery equation is valid for calculating leaf area of the leaves from different tree sizes. The diameters at breast height of the trees ranged from 8.6 to 96.4 cm (tree height ranged from 3 to 32 m). The diameter at breast height significantly affected leaf shape, size, and leaf dry mass per unit area. Larger trees had larger and broader leaves with lower leaf dry mass per unit area, and the lamina centroid was closer to the leaf apex than the leaf base. However, the variation in leaf size and shape did not negate the validity of the Montgomery equation. Thus, regardless of tree size, the proportional relationship between leaf area and the product of leaf length and width can be used to calculate the area of the leaves.

Published
2022

76. Unveiling microstructural origins of the balanced strength–ductility combination in eutectic high-entropy alloys at cryogenic temperatures

Author

Li, Yi, primary, Shi, Peijian, additional, Wang, Mingyang, additional, Yang, Yinpan, additional, Wang, Yan, additional, Li, Yiqi, additional, Wen, Yuebo, additional, Ren, Weili, additional, Min, Na, additional, Chen, Yan, additional, Guo, Yifeng, additional, Shen, Zhe, additional, Zheng, Tianxiang, additional, Liang, Ningning, additional, Lu, Wenjun, additional, Liaw, Peter K., additional, Zhong, Yunbo, additional, and Zhu, Yuntian, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

90. Hierarchical crack buffering triples ductility in eutectic herringbone high-entropy alloys

Author

Shi, Peijian, primary, Li, Runguang, additional, Li, Yi, additional, Wen, Yuebo, additional, Zhong, Yunbo, additional, Ren, Weili, additional, Shen, Zhe, additional, Zheng, Tianxiang, additional, Peng, Jianchao, additional, Liang, Xue, additional, Hu, Pengfei, additional, Min, Na, additional, Zhang, Yong, additional, Ren, Yang, additional, Liaw, Peter K., additional, Raabe, Dierk, additional, and Wang, Yan-Dong, additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

91. A General Model for Describing the Ovate Leaf Shape

Author

Shi, Peijian, primary, Yu, Kexin, additional, Niklas, Karl J., additional, Schrader, Julian, additional, Song, Yu, additional, Zhu, Renbin, additional, Li, Yang, additional, Wei, Hailin, additional, and Ratkowsky, David A., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

97. Leaf Bilateral Symmetry and the Scaling of the Perimeter vs. the Surface Area in 15 Vine Species

Author

Shi, Peijian, Niinemets, Ülo, Hui, Cang, Niklas, Karl J., Yu, Xiaojing, and Hölscher, Dirk

Subjects
power law, allometry, lcsh:Plant ecology, climbing plants, leaf perimeter, leaf shape, lcsh:QK900-989
Abstract

The leaves of vines exhibit a high degree of variability in shape, from simple oval to highly dissected palmatifid leaves. However, little is known about the extent of leaf bilateral symmetry in vines, how leaf perimeter scales with leaf surface area, and how this relationship depends on leaf shape. We studied 15 species of vines and calculated (i) the areal ratio (AR) of both sides of the lamina per leaf, (ii) the standardized symmetry index (SI) to estimate the deviation from leaf bilateral symmetry, and (iii) the dissection index (DI) to measure leaf-shape complexity. In addition, we examined whether there is a scaling relationship between leaf perimeter and area for each species. A total of 14 out of 15 species had no significant differences in average ln(AR), and mean ln(AR) approximated zero, indicating that the areas of the two lamina sides tended to be equal. Nevertheless, SI values among the 15 species had significant differences. A statistically strong scaling relationship between leaf perimeter and area was observed for each species, and the scaling exponents of 12 out of 15 species fell in the range of 0.49&minus, 0.55. These data show that vines tend to generate a similar number of left- and right-skewed leaves, which might contribute to optimizing light interception. Weaker scaling relationships between leaf perimeter and area were associated with a greater DI and a greater variation in DI. Thus, DI provides a useful measure of the degree of the complexity of leaf outline.

Published
2020

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results