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54. Dementia diagnosis and prevalence in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 using medical data linkage

Author

Mullin, Donncha S., primary, Stirland, Lucy E., additional, Buchanan, Emily, additional, Convery, Catherine-Anne, additional, Cox, Simon R., additional, Deary, Ian J., additional, Giuntoli, Cinzia, additional, Greer, Holly, additional, Page, Danielle, additional, Robertson, Elizabeth, additional, Shenkin, Susan D., additional, Szalek, Anna, additional, Taylor, Adele, additional, Weatherdon, Georgina, additional, Wilkinson, Tim, additional, and Russ, Tom C., additional

Published
2022
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56. ENRICH Scotland: a research network enabling research in care homes in Scotland.

Author

Drummond, Maria, Shenkin, Susan D, Ashworth, Rosalie, Cousland, Lesley, Frew, Diane, Henderson, Cheryl, McInally, Bernie, McLean, Irina, and Law, Emma

Abstract

There is a need to understand the lives of people who live in care homes and how care should be delivered in this setting. Enabling Research in Care Homes (ENRICH) was funded by National Institute for Health Research in 2012 in England to increase research awareness and participation for people who live and work in care homes. A similar model was developed for Scotland, but without funding this proved difficult. In 2021, the Chief Scientist Office funded an expansion of the existing model for Scottish care homes. This article describes the components of enabling research in care homes in Scotland and the research infrastructure the team are developing to enable more research, including clinical trials, to be carried out in Scottish care homes, and how this will benefit the residents, families and staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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57. Using consensus methods to prioritize modifiable risk factors for development of manifestations of frailty in hospitalized older adults

Author

Coleman, Susanne, primary, Wray, Faye, additional, Hudson, Kristian, additional, Forster, Anne, additional, Conroy, Simon, additional, Tremyl, Jonathan, additional, Shenkin, Susan D., additional, Nixon, Jane, additional, Fader, Mandy, additional, Goodwin, Victoria A., additional, Woods, Danielle, additional, Crossland, Shelley, additional, Holt, Rachel, additional, Mcgregor, Louise, additional, Maud, Rebecca, additional, Wyrko, Zoe, additional, Lamb, Sarah E., additional, and Teale, Elizabeth, additional

Published
2022
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58. Predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute structural MRI neuroimaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Ball, Emily L, primary, Shah, Mahnoor, additional, Ross, Eilidh, additional, Sutherland, Rachel, additional, Squires, Charlotte, additional, Mead, Gillian E, additional, Wardlaw, Joanna M, additional, Quinn, Terence J, additional, Religa, Dorota, additional, Lundström, Erik, additional, Cheyne, Joshua, additional, and Shenkin, Susan D, additional

Published
2022
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59. Prophylactic Treatment of COVID-19 in Care Homes Trial (PROTECT-CH)

Author

Bath, Philip M, primary, Ball, Jonathan, additional, Boyd, Matthew, additional, Gage, Heather, additional, Glover, Matthew, additional, Godfrey, Maureen, additional, Guthrie, Bruce, additional, Hewitt, Jonathan, additional, Howard, Robert, additional, Jaki, Thomas, additional, Juszczak, Edmund, additional, Lasserson, Daniel, additional, Leighton, Paul, additional, Leyland, Val, additional, Lim, Wei Shen, additional, Logan, Pip, additional, Meakin, Garry, additional, Montgomery, Alan, additional, Ogollah, Reuben, additional, Passmore, Peter, additional, Quinlan, Philip, additional, Rick, Caroline, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, Shenkin, Susan D, additional, Upton, Clare, additional, and Gordon, Adam L, additional

Published
2022
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60. The Prognostic and Discriminatory Utility of the Clinical Frailty Scale and Modified Frailty Index Compared to Age

Author

Carter, Ben, primary, Keevil, Victoria L., additional, Anand, Atul, additional, Osuafor, Christopher N., additional, Goudie, Robert J. B., additional, Preller, Jacobus, additional, Lowry, Matthew, additional, Clunie, Sarah, additional, Shenkin, Susan D., additional, McCarthy, Kathryn, additional, Hewitt, Jonathan, additional, and Quinn, Terence J., additional

Published
2022
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61. Predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute CT neuroimaging : A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Ball, Emily L., Sutherland, Rachel, Squires, Charlotte, Mead, Gillian E., Religa, Dorota, Lundström, Erik, Cheyne, Joshua, Wardlaw, Joanna M., Quinn, Terence J., Shenkin, Susan D., Ball, Emily L., Sutherland, Rachel, Squires, Charlotte, Mead, Gillian E., Religa, Dorota, Lundström, Erik, Cheyne, Joshua, Wardlaw, Joanna M., Quinn, Terence J., and Shenkin, Susan D.

Abstract

Background Identifying whether acute stroke patients are at risk of cognitive decline could improve prognostic discussions and management. Structural computed tomography neuroimaging is routine in acute stroke, and may identify those at risk of post-stroke dementia or post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Aim To systematically review the literature to identify which stroke or pre-stroke features on brain computed tomography scans, performed at the time of stroke, are associated with post-stroke dementia or PSCI. Summary of review We searched electronic databases to December 2020. We included studies reporting acute stroke brain computed tomography, and later diagnosis of a cognitive syndrome. We created summary estimates of size of unadjusted association between computed tomography features and cognition. Of 9536 citations, 28 studies (41 papers) were eligible (N = 7078, mean age 59.8-78.6 years). Cognitive outcomes were post-stroke dementia (10 studies), PSCI (17 studies), and one study analyzed both. Fifteen studies (N = 2952) reported data suitable for meta-analyses. White matter lesions (WML) (six studies, N = 1054, OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.25-4.84), cerebral atrophy (four studies, N = 558, OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.21-6.51), and pre-existing stroke lesions (three studies, N = 352, OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.06-5.32) were associated with post-stroke dementia. WML (four studies, N = 473, OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.17-5.52) were associated with PSCI. Other computed tomography features were either not associated with cognitive outcome, or there were insufficient data. Conclusions Cognitive impairment following stroke is of great concern to patients and carers. Features seen on visual assessment of acute stroke computed tomography brain scans are strongly associated with cognitive outcomes. Clinicians should consider when and how this information should be discussed with stroke survivors.

Published
2022
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66. Does Mother's IQ Explain the Association between Birth Weight and Cognitive Ability in Childhood?

Author

Deary, Ian J., Der, Geoff, and Shenkin, Susan D.

Abstract

There is a significant association between birth weight and cognitive test scores in childhood, even among individuals born at term and with normal birth weight. The association is not explained by the child's social background. Here we examine whether mother's cognitive ability accounts for the birth weight-cognitive ability association. We analysed mother and child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Random effects models were employed to utilise fully the repeated cognitive tests on the same child, and to include all children of each mother. Mother's score on the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) was significantly related to child's birth weight. Birth weight was significantly related to the child's scores on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. This association was attenuated by up to two-thirds after taking into account mother's AFQT score. In this large sample the association between birth weight and cognitive ability was substantially explained by mother's IQ.

Published
2005
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67. Predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute structural MRI neuroimaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Ball, Emily L, Shah, Mahnoor, Ross, Eilidh, Sutherland, Rachel, Squires, Charlotte, Mead, Gillian E, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Quinn, Terence J, Religa, Dorota, Lundström, Erik, Cheyne, Joshua, and Shenkin, Susan D

Subjects
CEREBRAL small vessel diseases, COGNITION disorders, APHASIA, MEDICAL personnel, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, CEREBRAL atrophy, STROKE, CEREBRAL amyloid angiopathy
Abstract

Background: Stroke survivors are at an increased risk of developing post-stroke cognitive impairment and post-stroke dementia; those at risk could be identified by brain imaging routinely performed at stroke onset. Aim: This systematic review aimed to identify features which are associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment (including dementia) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed at stroke diagnosis. Summary of review: We searched the literature from inception to January 2022 and identified 10,284 records. We included studies that performed MRI at the time of stroke (0–30 days after a stroke) and assessed cognitive outcome at least 3 months after stroke. We synthesized findings from 26 papers, comprising 27 stroke-populations (N = 13,114, average age range = 40–80 years, 19–62% female). When data were available, we pooled unadjusted (ORu) and adjusted (ORa) odds ratios. We found associations between cognitive outcomes and presence of cerebral atrophy (three studies, N = 453, ORu = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.15–4.62), presence of microbleeds (two studies, N = 9151, ORa = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08–1.70), and increasing severity of white matter hyperintensities (three studies, N = 704, ORa = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.06–1.49). Increasing cerebral small vessel disease score was associated with cognitive outcome following unadjusted analysis only (two studies, N = 499, ORu = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.12–1.61; three studies, N = 950, ORa = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.96–1.57). Associations remained after controlling for pre-stroke cognitive impairment. We did not find associations between other stroke features and cognitive outcome, or there were insufficient data. Conclusion: Acute stroke MRI features may enable healthcare professionals to identify patients at risk of post-stroke cognitive problems. However, there is still substantial uncertainty about the prognostic utility of acute MRI for this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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68. Birth Weight and Cognitive Ability in Childhood: A Systematic Review

Author

Shenkin, Susan D., Starr, John M., and Deary, Ian J.

Abstract

Individual differences in cognitive ability may in part have prenatal origins. In high-risk (low birth weight/premature) babies, birth weight correlates positively with cognitive test scores in childhood, but it is unclear whether this holds for those with birth weights in the normal range. The authors systematically reviewed literature on the relationship between normal birth weight (more than 2,500 g) and childhood intelligence in term (37-42-week gestation) deliveries. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, and the authors present a comprehensive narrative review of these studies. There was a small, consistent, positive association between birth weight and childhood cognitive ability, even when corrected for confounders. Parental social class accounted for a larger proportion of the variance than birth weight, and these 2 variables were largely independent.

Published
2004

71. Implementation of corticosteroids in treatment of COVID-19 in the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK: prospective, cohort study

Author

Närhi, Fiina, primary, Moonesinghe, S Ramani, additional, Shenkin, Susan D, additional, Drake, Thomas M, additional, Mulholland, Rachel H, additional, Donegan, Cara, additional, Dunning, Jake, additional, Fairfield, Cameron J, additional, Girvan, Michelle, additional, Hardwick, Hayley E, additional, Ho, Antonia, additional, Leeming, Gary, additional, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, additional, Pius, Riinu, additional, Russell, Clark D, additional, Shaw, Catherine A, additional, Spencer, Rebecca G, additional, Turtle, Lance, additional, Openshaw, Peter J M, additional, Baillie, J Kenneth, additional, Harrison, Ewen M, additional, Semple, Malcolm G, additional, Docherty, Annemarie B, additional, Openshaw, Peter JM, additional, Carson, Gail, additional, Alex, Beatrice, additional, Andrikopoulos, Petros, additional, Bach, Benjamin, additional, Barclay, Wendy S, additional, Bogaert, Debby, additional, Chand, Meera, additional, Chechi, Kanta, additional, Cooke, Graham S, additional, da Silva Filipe, Ana, additional, de Silva, Thushan, additional, dos Santos Correia, Gon¸alo, additional, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, additional, Fletcher, Tom, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Greenhalf, William, additional, Griffin, Julian, additional, Gupta, Rishi K, additional, Hiscox, Julian A, additional, Ho, Antonia YW, additional, Horby, Peter W, additional, Ijaz, Samreen, additional, Khoo, Say, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Law, Andrew, additional, Lewis, Matthew, additional, Liggi, Sonia, additional, Lim, Wei Shen, additional, Maslen, Lynn, additional, Mentzer, Alexander J, additional, Merson, Laura, additional, Meynert, Alison M, additional, Moore, Shona C, additional, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, additional, Olanipekun, Michael, additional, Osagie, Anthonia, additional, Palmarini, Massimo, additional, Palmieri, Carlo, additional, Paxton, William A, additional, Pollakis, Georgios, additional, Price, Nicholas, additional, Rambaut, Andrew, additional, Robertson, David L, additional, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, additional, Sands, Caroline, additional, Scott, Janet T, additional, Sigfrid, Louise, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Sriskandan, Shiranee, additional, Stuart, David, additional, Summers, Charlotte, additional, Swann, Olivia V, additional, Takats, Zoltan, additional, Takis, Panteleimon, additional, Tedder, Richard S, additional, Thompson, AA Roger, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Thwaites, Ryan S, additional, Turtle, Lance CW, additional, Zambon, Maria, additional, Hardwick, Hayley, additional, Donohue, Chloe, additional, Griffiths, Fiona, additional, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, additional, Norman, Lisa, additional, Knight, Stephen R, additional, Mclean, Kenneth A, additional, Murphy, Derek, additional, Dalton, Jo, additional, Saviciute, Egle, additional, Roberts, Stephanie, additional, Harrison, Janet, additional, Marsh, Laura, additional, Connor, Marie, additional, Halpin, Sophie, additional, Jackson, Clare, additional, Gamble, Carrol, additional, Plotkin, Daniel, additional, Lee, James, additional, Wham, Murray, additional, Clohisey, Sara, additional, Hendry, Ross, additional, Scott-Brown, James, additional, Shaw, Victoria, additional, McDonald, Sarah E, additional, Keating, Seán, additional, Ahmed, Katie A., additional, Armstrong, Jane A, additional, Ashworth, Milton, additional, Asiimwe, Innocent G, additional, Bakshi, Siddharth, additional, Barlow, Samantha L, additional, Booth, Laura, additional, Brennan, Benjamin, additional, Bullock, Katie, additional, Catterall, Benjamin WA, additional, Clark, Jordan J, additional, Clarke, Emily A, additional, Cole, Sarah, additional, Cooper, Louise, additional, Cox, Helen, additional, Davis, Christopher, additional, Dincarslan, Oslem, additional, Dunn, Chris, additional, Dyer, Philip, additional, Elliott, Angela, additional, Evans, Anthony, additional, Finch, Lorna, additional, Fisher, Lewis WS, additional, Foster, Terry, additional, Garcia-Dorival, Isabel, additional, Gunning, Philip, additional, Hartley, Catherine, additional, Jensen, Rebecca L, additional, Jones, Christopher B, additional, Jones, Trevor R, additional, Khandaker, Shadia, additional, King, Katharine, additional, Kiy, Robyn T., additional, Koukorava, Chrysa, additional, Lake, Annette, additional, Lant, Suzannah, additional, Latawiec, Diane, additional, Lavelle-Langham, Lara, additional, Lefteri, Daniella, additional, Lett, Lauren, additional, Livoti, Lucia A, additional, Mancini, Maria, additional, McDonald, Sarah, additional, McEvoy, Laurence, additional, McLauchlan, John, additional, Metelmann, Soeren, additional, Miah, Nahida S, additional, Middleton, Joanna, additional, Mitchell, Joyce, additional, Murphy, Ellen G, additional, Penrice-Randal, Rebekah, additional, Pilgrim, Jack, additional, Prince, Tessa, additional, Reynolds, Will, additional, Ridley, P. Matthew, additional, Sales, Debby, additional, Shaw, Victoria E, additional, Shears, Rebecca K, additional, Small, Benjamin, additional, Subramaniam, Krishanthi S, additional, Szemiel, Agnieska, additional, Taggart, Aislynn, additional, Tanianis-Hughes, Jolanta, additional, Thomas, Jordan, additional, Trochu, Erwan, additional, van Tonder, Libby, additional, Wilcock, Eve, additional, Zhang, J. Eunice, additional, Flaherty, Lisa, additional, Maziere, Nicole, additional, Cass, Emily, additional, Doce Carracedo, Alejandra, additional, Carlucci, Nicola, additional, Holmes, Anthony, additional, Massey, Hannah, additional, Murphy, Lee, additional, McCafferty, Sarah, additional, Clark, Richard, additional, Fawkes, Angie, additional, Morrice, Kirstie, additional, Maclean, Alan, additional, Wrobel, Nicola, additional, Donelly, Lorna, additional, Coutts, Audrey, additional, Hafezi, Katarzyna, additional, MacGillivray, Louise, additional, Gilchrist, Tammy, additional, Adeniji, Kayode, additional, Agranoff, Daniel, additional, Agwuh, Ken, additional, Ail, Dhiraj, additional, Aldera, Erin L., additional, Alegria, Ana, additional, Allen, Sam, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Ashish, Abdul, additional, Atkinson, Dougal, additional, Bari, Shahedal, additional, Barlow, Gavin, additional, Barnass, Stella, additional, Barrett, Nicholas, additional, Bassford, Christopher, additional, Basude, Sneha, additional, Baxter, David, additional, Beadsworth, Michael, additional, Bernatoniene, Jolanta, additional, Berridge, John, additional, Berry, Colin, additional, Best, Nicola, additional, Bothma, Pieter, additional, Chadwick, David, additional, Brittain-Long, Robin, additional, Bulteel, Naomi, additional, Burden, Tom, additional, Burtenshaw, Andrew, additional, Caruth, Vikki, additional, Chambler, Duncan, additional, Chee, Nigel, additional, Child, Jenny, additional, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, additional, Clark, Tom, additional, Collini, Paul, additional, Cosgrove, Catherine, additional, Cupitt, Jason, additional, Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa, additional, Dark, Paul, additional, Dawson, Chris, additional, Dervisevic, Samir, additional, Donnison, Phil, additional, Douthwaite, Sam, additional, Drummond, Andrew, additional, DuRand, Ingrid, additional, Dushianthan, Ahilanadan, additional, Dyer, Tristan, additional, Evans, Cariad, additional, Eziefula, Chi, additional, Fegan, Chrisopher, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Fullerton, Duncan, additional, Garg, Sanjeev, additional, Garg, Atul, additional, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, additional, Godden, Jo, additional, Goldsmith, Arthur, additional, Graham, Clive, additional, Hardy, Elaine, additional, Hartshorn, Stuart, additional, Harvey, Daniel, additional, Havalda, Peter, additional, Hawcutt, Daniel B, additional, Hobrok, Maria, additional, Hodgson, Luke, additional, Hormis, Anil, additional, Jacobs, Michael, additional, Jain, Susan, additional, Jennings, Paul, additional, Kaliappan, Agilan, additional, Kasipandian, Vidya, additional, Kegg, Stephen, additional, Kelsey, Michael, additional, Kendall, Jason, additional, Kerrison, Caroline, additional, Kerslake, Ian, additional, Koch, Oliver, additional, Koduri, Gouri, additional, Koshy, George, additional, Laha, Shondipon, additional, Laird, Steven, additional, Larkin, Susan, additional, Leiner, Tamas, additional, Lillie, Patrick, additional, Limb, James, additional, Linnett, Vanessa, additional, Little, Jeff, additional, Lyttle, Mark, additional, MacMahon, Michael, additional, MacNaughton, Emily, additional, Mankregod, Ravish, additional, Masson, Huw, additional, Matovu, Elijah, additional, McCullough, Katherine, additional, McEwen, Ruth, additional, Meda, Manjula, additional, Mills, Gary, additional, Minton, Jane, additional, Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, additional, Mohandas, Kavya, additional, Mok, Quen, additional, Moon, James, additional, Moore, Elinoor, additional, Morgan, Patrick, additional, Morris, Craig, additional, Mortimore, Katherine, additional, Moses, Samuel, additional, Mpenge, Mbiye, additional, Mulla, Rohinton, additional, Murphy, Michael, additional, Nagel, Megan, additional, Nagarajan, Thapas, additional, Nelson, Mark, additional, Norris, Lillian, additional, O'Shea, Matthew K., additional, Otahal, Igor, additional, Ostermann, Marlies, additional, Pais, Mark, additional, Panchatsharam, Selva, additional, Papakonstantinou, Danai, additional, Paraiso, Hassan, additional, Patel, Brij, additional, Pattison, Natalie, additional, Pepperell, Justin, additional, Peters, Mark, additional, Phull, Mandeep, additional, Pintus, Stefania, additional, Singh Pooni, Jagtur, additional, Planche, Tim, additional, Post, Frank, additional, Price, David, additional, Prout, Rachel, additional, Rae, Nikolas, additional, Reschreiter, Henrik, additional, Reynolds, Tim, additional, Richardson, Neil, additional, Roberts, Mark, additional, Roberts, Devender, additional, Rose, Alistair, additional, Rousseau, Guy, additional, Ruge, Bobby, additional, Ryan, Brendan, additional, Saluja, Taranprit, additional, Schmid, Matthias, additional, Shah, Aarti, additional, Shanmuga, Prad, additional, Sharma, Anil, additional, Shawcross, Anna, additional, Sizer, Jeremy, additional, Shankar-Hari, Manu, additional, Smith, Richard, additional, Snelson, Catherine, additional, Spittle, Nick, additional, Staines, Nikki, additional, Stambach, Tom, additional, Stewart, Richard, additional, Subudhi, Pradeep, additional, Szakmany, Tamas, additional, Tatham, Kate, additional, Thomas, Jo, additional, Thompson, Chris, additional, Thompson, Robert, additional, Tridente, Ascanio, additional, Tupper-Carey, Darell, additional, Twagira, Mary, additional, Vallotton, Nick, additional, Vancheeswaran, Rama, additional, Vincent-Smith, Lisa, additional, Visuvanathan, Shico, additional, Vuylsteke, Alan, additional, Waddy, Sam, additional, Wake, Rachel, additional, Walden, Andrew, additional, Welters, Ingeborg, additional, Whitehouse, Tony, additional, Whittaker, Paul, additional, Whittington, Ashley, additional, Papineni, Padmasayee, additional, Wijesinghe, Meme, additional, Williams, Martin, additional, Wilson, Lawrence, additional, Sarah, Sarah, additional, Winchester, Stephen, additional, Wiselka, Martin, additional, Wolverson, Adam, additional, Wootton, Daniel G, additional, Workman, Andrew, additional, Yates, Bryan, additional, and Young, Peter, additional

Published
2022
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72. sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221120349 – Supplemental material for Predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute structural MRI neuroimaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Ball, Emily L, Shah, Mahnoor, Ross, Eilidh, Sutherland, Rachel, Squires, Charlotte, Mead, Gillian E, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Quinn, Terence J, Religa, Dorota, Lundström, Erik, Cheyne, Joshua, and Shenkin, Susan D

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221120349 for Predictors of post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute structural MRI neuroimaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Emily L Ball, Mahnoor Shah, Eilidh Ross, Rachel Sutherland, Charlotte Squires, Gillian E Mead, Joanna M Wardlaw, Terence J Quinn, Dorota Religa, Erik Lundström, Joshua Cheyne and Susan D Shenkin in International Journal of Stroke

Published
2022
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75. GP-led adapted comprehensive geriatric assessment for frail older people: a multimethods evaluation of the ‘Living Well Assessment’ quality improvement project in Scotland.

Author

Donaghy, Eddie, Still, Franca, Frost, Helen, Lutte, Julia, Shenkin, Susan D., Jones, Helen E., and Mercer, Stewart W.

Subjects
GENERAL practitioners, FOCUS groups, RESEARCH methodology, GERIATRIC assessment, HEALTH status indicators, INTERVIEWING, PRIMARY health care, QUALITATIVE research, SURVEYS, QUALITY assurance, PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, QUALITY of life, RESEARCH funding, QUESTIONNAIRES, THEMATIC analysis, DATA analysis software, COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract

Background: Evidence to support comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in primary care for frail older people is limited. Aim: To evaluate a GP-led adapted CGA quality improvement project. Design & setting: Multi-methods evaluation in a large practice in Midlothian in Scotland. Method: The intervention was conducted by 10 GPs in a practice of approximately 11 000 patients, initially in the patient’s home, and then remotely (by telephone or video consultation) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evaluation included a patient questionnaire, and qualitative interviews with GPs delivering the Living Well Assessment (LWA), analysed by thematic analysis. Results: A total of 165/220 (75%) patients responded to the survey, of which 86% reported a ‘very good experience’ of the LWA. The method of delivery did not significantly influence this although most (58%) stated a preference for face-to-face consultation. For the 31% who preferred remote LWA, most (23%) preferred telephone to video consultation (8%). Problems in remote consultations related to technical issues (video), poor vision (video), or deafness (telephone or video). GPs felt that home-based LWAs had real benefits but switching to remote during the pandemic had proven feasible. Concerns included potential increase in GP workload owing to the LWA and whether it was an efficient use of GPs’ time. Conclusion: GP-led adapted CGA was feasible in a large practice, even during the pandemic, and highly valued by frail patients. Questions regarding efficient use of GPs’ time, effectiveness in terms of important patient outcomes and impact, and cost-effectiveness, requires further investigation in a larger study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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76. Using consensus methods to prioritize modifiable risk factors for development of manifestations of frailty in hospitalized older adults.

Author

Coleman, Susanne, Wray, Faye, Hudson, Kristian, Forster, Anne, Conroy, Simon, Tremyl, Jonathan, Shenkin, Susan D., Nixon, Jane, Fader, Mandy, Goodwin, Victoria A., Woods, Danielle, Crossland, Shelley, Holt, Rachel, Mcgregor, Louise, Maud, Rebecca, Wyrko, Zoe, Lamb, Sarah E., and Teale, Elizabeth

Subjects
CONSENSUS (Social sciences), FRAIL elderly, DRINKING (Physiology), FOOD consumption, RISK assessment, CONCEPTUAL structures, INFECTION, HOSPITAL care of older people, QUESTIONNAIRES, PHYSICAL mobility, RESEARCH funding, JUDGMENT sampling
Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study was to reach consensus on modifiable risk factors for a novel system of care to address Manifestations of Frailty in hospitalized older adults. Design: Consensus study. Method: A modified nominal group technique, incorporating expert group face‐to‐face interaction, review of existing evidence and pre/post‐meeting questionnaire completion was undertaken November 2019–February 2020. Results: Seventy‐one risk factors, within seven risk factor domains (pain, medication, fluid and nutrition intake, mobility, elimination, infection, additional patient factors) were considered. It was agreed that 44 risk factors incorporating patient, organizational and environmental risk factors were modifiable and should be included in a novel system of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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77. Correction to:Association between components of the delirium syndrome and outcomes in hospitalised adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMC Geriatrics, (2021), 21, 1, (162), 10.1186/s12877-021-02095-z)

Author

Tieges, Zoë, Quinn, Terence, MacKenzie, Lorn, Davis, Daniel, Muniz-Terrera, Graciela, MacLullich, Alasdair M.J., and Shenkin, Susan D.

Abstract

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that funding of one of the authors had accidentally been omitted. The original article [1] has been updated.

Published
2021
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80. Early life predictors of late life cerebral small vessel disease in four prospective cohort studies

Author

Backhouse, Ellen V, primary, Shenkin, Susan D, additional, McIntosh, Andrew M, additional, Bastin, Mark E, additional, Whalley, Heather C, additional, Valdez Hernandez, Maria, additional, Muñoz Maniega, Susana, additional, Harris, Mathew A, additional, Stolicyn, Aleks, additional, Campbell, Archie, additional, Steele, Douglas, additional, Waiter, Gordon D, additional, Sandu, Anca-Larisa, additional, Waymont, Jennifer M J, additional, Murray, Alison D, additional, Cox, Simon R, additional, de Rooij, Susanne R, additional, Roseboom, Tessa J, additional, and Wardlaw, Joanna M, additional

Published
2021
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81. Additional file 3 of Association between components of the delirium syndrome and outcomes in hospitalised adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Tieges, Zoë, Quinn, Terence, MacKenzie, Lorn, Davis, Daniel, Muniz-Terrera, Graciela, MacLullich, Alasdair M. J., and Shenkin, Susan D.

Subjects
mental disorders, behavioral disciplines and activities, nervous system diseases
Abstract

Additional file 3. Association between delirium symptom domain and mortality (Table 2 expanded).

Published
2021
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84. sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211045836 - Supplemental material for Predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute CT neuroimaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Ball, Emily L, Sutherland, Rachel, Squires, Charlotte, Mead, Gillian E, Religa, Dorota, Lundström, Erik, Cheyne, Joshua, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Quinn, Terence J, and Shenkin, Susan D

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930211045836 for Predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute CT neuroimaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Emily L Ball, Rachel Sutherland, Charlotte Squires, Gillian E Mead, Dorota Religa, Erik Lundström, Joshua Cheyne, Joanna M Wardlaw, Terence J Quinn and Susan D Shenkin in International Journal of Stroke

Published
2021
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89. Predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment using acute CT neuroimaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Ball, Emily L, Sutherland, Rachel, Squires, Charlotte, Mead, Gillian E, Religa, Dorota, Lundström, Erik, Cheyne, Joshua, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Quinn, Terence J, and Shenkin, Susan D

Subjects
BRAIN tomography, COGNITION disorders, BRAIN imaging, CEREBRAL atrophy, COMPUTED tomography, APHASIA
Abstract

Background: Identifying whether acute stroke patients are at risk of cognitive decline could improve prognostic discussions and management. Structural computed tomography neuroimaging is routine in acute stroke, and may identify those at risk of post-stroke dementia or post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Aim: To systematically review the literature to identify which stroke or pre-stroke features on brain computed tomography scans, performed at the time of stroke, are associated with post-stroke dementia or PSCI. Summary of review: We searched electronic databases to December 2020. We included studies reporting acute stroke brain computed tomography, and later diagnosis of a cognitive syndrome. We created summary estimates of size of unadjusted association between computed tomography features and cognition. Of 9536 citations, 28 studies (41 papers) were eligible (N = 7078, mean age 59.8–78.6 years). Cognitive outcomes were post-stroke dementia (10 studies), PSCI (17 studies), and one study analyzed both. Fifteen studies (N = 2952) reported data suitable for meta-analyses. White matter lesions (WML) (six studies, N = 1054, OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.25–4.84), cerebral atrophy (four studies, N = 558, OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.21–6.51), and pre-existing stroke lesions (three studies, N = 352, OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.06–5.32) were associated with post-stroke dementia. WML (four studies, N = 473, OR = 3.46, 95% CI = 2.17–5.52) were associated with PSCI. Other computed tomography features were either not associated with cognitive outcome, or there were insufficient data. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment following stroke is of great concern to patients and carers. Features seen on visual assessment of acute stroke computed tomography brain scans are strongly associated with cognitive outcomes. Clinicians should consider when and how this information should be discussed with stroke survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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90. Aromatherapy for dementia (Review)

Author

Ball, Emily L, Owen-Booth, Bethan, Gray, Amy, Shenkin, Susan D, Hewitt, Jonathan, and McCleery, Jenny

Subjects
RZ, B1, R1, RT
Abstract

Background \ud Medications licensed for the treatment of dementia have limited efficacy against cognitive impairment or against the distressed behaviours (behavioural and psychological symptoms, or behaviour that challenges) which are also often the most distressing aspect of the disorder for caregivers. Complementary therapies, including aromatherapy, are attractive to patients, practitioners and families, because they are perceived as being unlikely to cause adverse effects. Therefore there is interest in whether aromatherapy might offer a safe means of alleviating distressed behaviours in dementia. \ud Objectives \ud To assess the efficacy and safety of aromatherapy for people with dementia. \ud Search methods \ud We searched ALOIS, the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group Specialized Register, on 5 May 2020 using the terms: aromatherapy, lemon, lavender, rose, aroma, alternative therapies, complementary therapies, essential oils. In addition, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO (all via Ovid SP), Web of Science Core Collection (via Thompson Web of Science), LILACS (via BIREME), CENTRAL (via the Cochrane Library), ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization (WHO) trials portal (ICTRP) on 5 May 2020. \ud Selection criteria \ud We included randomised controlled trials which compared fragrance from plants in an intervention defined as aromatherapy for people with dementia with placebo aromatherapy or with treatment as usual. All doses, frequencies and fragrances of aromatherapy were considered. Participants in the included studies had a diagnosis of dementia of any subtype and severity. \ud Data collection and analysis \ud Two reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias in included studies, involving other authors to reach consensus decisions where necessary. We did not perform any meta-analyses because of heterogeneity between studies, but presented a narrative synthesis of results from the included trials. Because of the heterogeneity of analysis methods and inadequate or absent reporting of data from some trials, we used statistical significance (P ≤ or > 0.5) as a summary metric when synthesising results across studies. As far as possible, we used GRADE methods to assess our confidence in the results of the trials, downgrading for risk of bias and imprecision.\ud Aromatherapy for dementia (Review) Copyright © 2020 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\ud 1\ud Cochrane Library\ud Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health.\ud Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews\ud Main results \ud We included 13 studies with 708 participants. All participants had dementia and in the 12 trials which described the setting, all were resident in institutional care facilities. Nine trials recruited participants because they had significant agitation or other behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) at baseline. The fragrances used were lavender (eight studies); lemon balm (four studies); lavender and lemon balm, lavender and orange, and cedar extracts (one study each). For six trials, assessment of risk of bias and extraction of results was hampered by poor reporting. Four of the other seven trials were at low risk of bias in all domains, but all were small (range 18 to 186 participants; median 66), reducing our confidence in the results. Our primary outcomes were agitation, overall behavioural and psychological symptoms, and adverse effects. Ten trials assessed agitation using various scales. Among the five trials for which our confidence in the results was moderate or low, four trials reported no significant effect on agitation and one trial reported a significant benefit of aromatherapy. The other five trials either reported no useable data or our confidence in the results was very low. Eight trials assessed overall BPSD using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and we had moderate or low confidence in the results of five of them. Of these, four reported significant benefit from aromatherapy and one reported no significant effect. Adverse events were poorly reported or not reported at all in most trials. No more than two trials assessed each of our secondary outcomes of quality of life, mood, sleep, activities of daily living, caregiver burden. We did not find evidence of benefit on these outcomes. Three trials assessed cognition: one did not report any data and the other two trials reported no significant effect of aromatherapy on cognition. Our confidence in the results of these studies was low. \ud Authors' conclusions \ud We have not found any convincing evidence that aromatherapy (or exposure to fragrant plant oils) is beneficial for people with dementia although there are many limitations to the data. Conduct or reporting problems in half of the included studies meant that they could not contribute to the conclusions. Results from the other studies were inconsistent. Harms were very poorly reported in the included studies. In order for clear conclusions to be drawn, better design and reporting and consistency of outcome measurement in future trials would be needed.

Published
2020

91. Research with older people in a world with COVID-19:identification of current and future priorities, challenges and opportunities (AA-20-0816)

Author

Richardson, Sarah J, Carroll, Camille, Close, Jacqueline, Gordon, Adam Lee, O'Brien, John, Quinn, Terence J, Rochester, Lynn, Aihie Sayer, Avan, Shenkin, Susan D, van der Velde, Nathalie, Woo, Jean, and Witham, Miles D

Abstract

Older people are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a profoundimpact on research as well as clinical service delivery. This commentary identifies key challenges and opportunities in continuing to conduct research with and for older people, both during and after thecurrent pandemic. It shares opinions from responders to an international survey, a range ofacademic authors and opinions from specialist societies. Priorities in COVID-19 research include itsspecific presentation in older people, consequences for physical, cognitive and psychological health,treatments and vaccines, rehabilitation, supporting care homes more effectively, the impact of socialdistancing, lockdown policies and system reconfiguration to provide best health and social care forolder people. COVID-19 research needs to be inclusive, particularly involving older people living withfrailty, cognitive impairment or multimorbidity, and those living in care homes. Non-COVID-19related research for older people remains of critical importance and must not be neglected in therush to study the pandemic. Profound changes are required in the way that we design and deliverresearch for older people in a world where movement and face-to-face contact are restricted, butwe also highlight new opportunities such as the ability to collaborate more widely and to design anddeliver research efficiently at scale and speed.

Published
2020
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92. Additional file 1 of Frailty assessment and risk prediction by GRACE score in older patients with acute myocardial infarction

Author

Anand, Atul, Cudmore, Sarah, Robertson, Shirley, Stephen, Jacqueline, Haga, Kristin, Weir, Christopher J., Murray, Scott A., Boyd, Kirsty, Gunn, Julian, Javaid Iqbal, MacLullich, Alasdair, Shenkin, Susan D., Fox, Keith A. A., Mills, Nicholas, and Denvir, Martin A.

Abstract

Additional file 1. Supplementary material including 4 additional data tables and 4 additional figures as referenced in the results section.

Published
2020
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93. Physical Activity and Exercise in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia : An Umbrella Review of Intervention and Observational Studies

Author

Demurtas, Jacopo, Schoene, Daniel, Torbahn, Gabriel, Marengoni, Alessandra, Grande, Giulia, Zou, Liye, Petrovic, Mirko, Maggi, Stefania, Cesari, Matteo, Lamb, Sarah, Soysal, Pinar, Kemmler, Wolfgang, Sieber, Cornel, Mueller, Christoph, Shenkin, Susan D., Schwingshackl, Lukas, Smith, Lee, Veronese, Nicola, Demurtas, Jacopo, Schoene, Daniel, Torbahn, Gabriel, Marengoni, Alessandra, Grande, Giulia, Zou, Liye, Petrovic, Mirko, Maggi, Stefania, Cesari, Matteo, Lamb, Sarah, Soysal, Pinar, Kemmler, Wolfgang, Sieber, Cornel, Mueller, Christoph, Shenkin, Susan D., Schwingshackl, Lukas, Smith, Lee, and Veronese, Nicola

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the effect of physical activity/exercise on improving cognitive and noncognitive outcomes in people with MCI (mild cognitive impairment) and dementia. Design: Umbrella review of systematic reviews (SR), with or without meta-analyses (MAs), of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Settings and Participants: People with MCI or dementia, confirmed through validated assessment measures. Any form of physical activity/exercise was included. As controls, we included participants not following any prespecified physical activity/exercise intervention or following the same standard protocol with the intervention group. Methods: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CDR 164197). Major databases were searched until December 31, 2019. The certainty of evidence of statistically significant outcomes was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. SRs' findings, without a formal MA, were reported descriptively. Results: Among 1160 articles initially evaluated, 27 SRs (all of RCTs, 9 without MA) for a total of 28,205 participants with MCI/dementia were included. In patients with MCI, mind-body intervention (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.36; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.20-0.52; low certainty) and mixed physical activity interventions (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI 0.11-0.49; moderate certainty) had a small effect on global cognition, whereas resistance training (SMD = 0.80; 95% CI 0.29-1.31; very low certainty) had a large effect on global cognition. In people affected by dementia, physical activity/exercise was effective in improving global cognition in Alzheimer disease (SMD = 1.10; 95% CI 0.65-1.64; very low certainty) and in all types of dementia (SMD = 0.48; 95% CI 0.22-0.74; low certainty). Finally, physical activity/exercise improved noncognitive outcomes in people with dementia including falls, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusion

Published
2020
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98. Diagnostic accuracy of the 4AT for delirium detection in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Tieges, Zoë, primary, Maclullich, Alasdair M J, additional, Anand, Atul, additional, Brookes, Claire, additional, Cassarino, Marica, additional, O’connor, Margaret, additional, Ryan, Damien, additional, Saller, Thomas, additional, Arora, Rakesh C, additional, Chang, Yue, additional, Agarwal, Kathryn, additional, Taffet, George, additional, Quinn, Terence, additional, Shenkin, Susan D, additional, and Galvin, Rose, additional

Published
2020
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99. Physical Activity and Exercise in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: An Umbrella Review of Intervention and Observational Studies

Author

Demurtas, Jacopo, primary, Schoene, Daniel, additional, Torbahn, Gabriel, additional, Marengoni, Alessandra, additional, Grande, Giulia, additional, Zou, Liye, additional, Petrovic, Mirko, additional, Maggi, Stefania, additional, Cesari, Matteo, additional, Lamb, Sarah, additional, Soysal, Pinar, additional, Kemmler, Wolfgang, additional, Sieber, Cornel, additional, Mueller, Christoph, additional, Shenkin, Susan D., additional, Schwingshackl, Lukas, additional, Smith, Lee, additional, and Veronese, Nicola, additional

Published
2020
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