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Background: Dyslipidemia was defined according to the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III, USA, 2001), TC level ≥200 mg/dl, HDL-C level

One hundred and one bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from 31 soil and 13 water samples of different arsenic contaminated areas in Jessore district, Bangladesh by using standard isolation procedures (Ahmad et al., 1997). Organisms were stored, preserved and maintained in different culture media and the interaction of these microorganisms with arsenic contaminated water was studied

Background: The medical ethics and professionalism teaching have an influence on knowledge, attitude and skills of physicians. The scope of learning medical ethics and professionalism is limited in Curriculum for Medical Education in Bangladesh. There is an unhealthy situation in physician-patient relationship as a consequence of this limitation. Objectives: This study was aimed to assess attitude of recent medical graduates towards medical ethics and professionalism. The findings of this study might be helpful to strengthen medical ethics and professionalism in the medical education. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on recent medical graduates of seven medical colleges under four universities in Bangladesh from January 2018 to June 2019. Data were collected using a pretested self administered semi-structured questionnaire, based on attitude measuring scale regarding medical ethics and professionalism. Results: Attitude scores of 308 recent medical graduates were in ethical conduct, autonomy, information of wrong doing during treatment, confidentiality, informed consent, sharing the condition of patient to close relatives, paternalism, treating of violent patient, abortion, euthanasia, religious beliefs influencing the choice of treatment, physician-patient relationship, informed decision making, continued medical education and role of pharmaceutical representative were assessed. The average scores were ranging from 2.1 to 4.2; with maximum clustering around score ‘3’ or “not sure”. Majority of the study population thought that the current standard of ethics practice was lower than expectation (59.1%) and should give more attention (76.6%) than the present. Furthermore, most of them (85.4%) felt a need for a separate module on medical ethics and professionalism in undergraduate medical curriculum. Conclusion: The recent medical graduates showed a positive attitude towards medical ethics and professionalism. So, a favourable environment was observed for learning medical ethics and professionalism. Thus, to strengthening of medical ethics and professionalism in medical education curricula is suggested. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 57-61

This paper explores women’s perception of air pollution and associated health hazards they experience in the low-income urban community of Bangladesh. Following the qualitative methodology, the research employs primary and secondary data to scrutinize the linkage between air pollution and women’s health. Data analysis in both percentages and an interpretive thematic approach was supported by two focus group discussions and 15 in-depth interviews conducted in the Mridhabari area in Matuail– one of the environmentally vulnerable areas in urban Bangladesh. The findings show that poor women’s comprehension of emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants is unsound and erroneous. Though women suffer from multiple physical, psychological, and reproductive health sicknesses due to their stay in a place with poor air quality, their apathetic outlook on health, reinforced by socially accepted gender norms, ignorance, misconception, and blind faith, contributes to avoiding seeking any medical treatment while getting sick. The sense of care and altruism drives them towards considering medical treatment for the dependent members of the household when they overlook the idea of spending on their health until and unless they suffer an illness with acute phase.

Introduction: Demographic and epidemiological transition has altered disease patterns globally. Adequate knowledge on disease patterns will provide scope for pre-deployment health preparedness. Providing important information regarding disease patterns, correct diagnosis of a disease and its management contribute in effective patient care system. Objective: To find out the pattern of disease existing in level-I hospital of the UN peacekeepers in Mali. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the Level-I Hospital for the period of 01(one) year from 1st July 2018 to 30th June 2019. Sample size was 2193. Data were collected from the patients reported sick in the hospital during the specified period. All patients are divided in two categories; Outdoor patients and Indoor patients. We have classified the diseases into four broad categories: (1) Injury, (2) Non-infectious Diseases, (3) Infectious Diseases and (4) Sexually Transmitted Infections. All the collected data were edited and analyzed. Results: Disease patterns in the level-I hospital of UN peacekeepers are not the same as per the disease prevalence of Mali. Disease patterns in UN peacekeeper mainly includes musculoskeletal low back pain, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Dry eye syndrome, Upper Respiratory Tract infections, Diarrheal diseases, Urinary tract infections and Malaria. Conclusion: Pre-deployment health education to the UN peacekeeper including the healthcare services provider contributes to the positive influence on health. Pre-deployment health training should be focused on disease patterns occurring in Level-I hospital, at the same time prevalence of diseases of the specific country has to be taken into account. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 17, No 1 (June) 2021: 18-21

Medical education aims to produce competent medical professionals and gives emphasis on competency-based learning in Bangladesh. Medical ethics and professionalism are considered as a core competency. A competent physician can ensure patient-centered health care system. This was an effort to obtain data regarding the knowledge of recent medical graduates and the opinion of medical educational stakeholders and teachers about medical ethics and professionalism at undergraduate medical education in Bangladesh. This mixed-method study was conducted in two rounds. The Round I was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019 for assessing the knowledge of 308 recent medical graduates towards medical ethics and professionalism. In Round II, key informant interviews were conducted among 30 medical educational stakeholders and teachers from July 2020 to December 2020. Data were collected by pre-tested self administered semi-structured questionnaire and interview guidelines. The percentages of recent medical graduates who could give correct answers regarding autonomy, justice, presenting a subject to visual social media, breaching of confidentiality, organ donation and medical certificate were 19.8%, 54.9%, 73.1%, 37.3%, 91.6% and 74.4% respectively. Most of the medical educational stakeholders and teachers (80%) expressed their opinion related to curriculum. They also suggested for practicing ethics (20.0%) and training (20.0%). A gap was observed in the knowledge regarding medical ethics and professionalism of recent medical graduates. To improve practice of ethics and professionalism, enhancement of the knowledge by incorporating “medical ethics and professionalism” in curriculum might be considered. A separate compulsory module for training on medical ethics and professionalism can be added at pre-internship period for the recent medical graduates. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.13(1) January 2022: 40-48

The growing need for entrepreneurship is considered to be a prominent segment of an economy's evolution, especially female entrepreneurs. This study's motivation is to unleash the critical determinants for female entrepreneurs' evolution in the economy of Bangladesh by following institution and self-leadership theory. The study adopted a quantitative method and a structured questionnaire for data collection from female entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to explore the causal effects of access to finance and legal framework. The study revealed that women's entrepreneurial activities are immensely influenced by access to finance, legal constraints, and entrepreneurial skills. The mediating effects of self-leadership behavior also influence women's participation in business activities. Based on the results, it is recommended that the government and other institutions should take the initiative in female entrepreneurship that affect women's self-leading behavior and policymakers should consider the financial aspects relating to women’s business activities. This study is also helpful for empowering women financially and helping them to understand their legal rights by formulating a women-centric strategic plan.

A theoretical investigation has been carried out to examine the ion-acoustic shock waves (IASHWs) in a magnetized degenerate quantum plasma system containing inertialess ultra-relativistically degenerate electrons, and inertial non-relativistic positively charged heavy and light ions. The Burgers equation is derived by employing the reductive perturbation method. It can be seen that under the consideration of non-relativistic positively charged heavy and light ions, the plasma model only supports the positive electrostatic shock structure. It is also observed that the charge state and number density of the non-relativistic heavy and light ions enhance the amplitude of IASHWs, and the steepness of the shock profile is decreased with ion kinematic viscosity. The findings of our present investigation will be helpful in understanding the nonlinear propagation of IASHWs in white dwarfs and neutron stars.

In this study occupational risk assessment in Readymade Garments (RMG), Textile and Ship Breaking Industries of Bangladesh was carried out utilizing accident database of Department of Inspection for Factories and Establishments (DIFE), Ministry of Labour and Employment. The study focused on the workplace incidents reported to DIFE from 2016-2018 in RMG, Textile and Ship Breaking industries of Bangladesh. The risk analysis was conducted based on severity and likelihood of events, the latter comprising: frequency of exposure to the hazard, duration of exposure to the hazard, probability of occurrence of a hazardous event, and technical and human possibility of avoiding or limiting the harm. To carry out the assessment, survey data including working time, accident frequency, cause of accident, nature of injury, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), health safety policy, first aid facility etc. were collected from DIFE. The risk scores and economic losses due to accidents in different years for each industry were estimated. The overall risk scores estimated for RMG and Textile industry were found to be higher than that for Ship Breaking industry. However, in Ship Breaking industry 41.3% of total incidents are of very high-risk, which is much higher than the percentage of such incidents in RMG or Textile industry. It was also found that the total compensation provided to the workers as reported to DIFE is 58.5% less of the estimated cost based on the fatality and type of injuries. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 69-76

Sjogren’s syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease affecting multiple systems with varying clinical features.We report a case of 37 year old woman who presented with recurrent episodes of quadriparesis which was attributable to hypokalemia and initially labelled as hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Later on she was found to have metabolic acidosis rather than alkalosis which pointed towards the diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in the absence of apparent gastrointestinal tract loss. Once the diagnosis of RTA was established, an attempt to search the aetiology revealed that she was having primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) though she did not have any symptom at the time of diagnosis. She was found positive for anti-SSA. Lip biopsy revealed lymphocytic infiltration in periductal as well as parenchymal region. Schirmer test confirmed presence of severe dry eye. A concomitant existence of autoimmune hypothyroidism was a noteworthy association. She responded well with potassium supplementation and symptomatic treatment. Presentation of this case reminds the importance of vigilance while managing a case of recurrent hypokalemia which might be a rare presenting feature of pSS. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 145-148

Self-integration requires a system to be self-aware and self-protecting of its functionality and communication processes to mitigate interference in accomplishing its goals. Incorporating self-protection into a framework for reasoning about compliance with critical requirements is a major challenge when the system’s operational environment may have uncertainties resulting in runtime changes. The reasoning should be over a range of impacts and tradeoffs in order for the system to immediately address an issue, even if only partially or imperfectly. Assuming that critical requirements can be formally specified and embedded as part of system self-awareness, runtime verification often involves extensive on-board resources and state explosion, with minimal explanation of results. Model-checking partially mitigates runtime verification issues by abstracting the system operations and architecture. However, validating the consistency of a model given a runtime change is generally performed external to the system and translated back to the operational environment, which can be inefficient. This paper focuses on codifying and embedding verification awareness into a system. Verification awareness is a type of self-awareness related to reasoning about compliance with critical properties at runtime when a system adaptation is needed. The premise is that an adaptation that interferes with a design-time proof process for requirement compliance increases the risk that the original proof process cannot be reused. The greater the risk to limiting proof process reuse, the higher the probability that the requirement would be violated by the adaptation. The application of Rice’s 1953 theorem to this domain indicates that determining whether a given adaptation inherently inhibits proof reuse is undecidable, suggesting the heuristic, comparative approach based on proof metadata that is part of our approach. To demonstrate our deployment of verification awareness, we predefine four adaptations that are all available to three distinct wearable simulations (hearables, stress, and insulin delivery). We capture metadata from applying automated theorem proving to wearable requirements and assess the risk among the four adaptations for limiting the proof process reuse for each of their requirements. The results show that the adaptations affect proof process reuse differently on each wearable. We evaluate our reasoning framework by embedding checkpoints for requirement compliance within the wearable code and log the execution trace of each adaptation. The logs confirm that the adaptation selected by each wearable with the lowest risk of inhibiting proof process reuse for its requirements also causes the least number of requirement failures in execution.

Climate governance has become a global issue, and it has proved difficult for any government to tackle this issue on its own. The role of civil society is most crucial, particularly in ensuring transparency and accountability in climate finance. Under certain international agreements, a huge amount of money is channeled in climate-vulnerable countries like Bangladesh through the climate financing mechanism. This is a tempting opportunity for a country routinely ranked first in the corruption index. This paper explores whether the growing involvement of various non-state actors in climate financing, under the dominant mechanism, creates a new ground for corruption together with the state actors. The paper aimed at helping ensure that climate finance decisions and actions are conducted with transparency, accountability, and integrity to prevent corruption and misuse of funds from undermining climate objectives. The main objective of the paper is to increase the capacity of stakeholders, particularly civil society, to contribute to the creation, implementation, and supervision of climate finance governance policies, with the participation of stakeholders, including government, fund managers, donors, Civil Society Organizations, non-governmental organizations, private sectors, and media analysis. Via content analysis, this study found that the Civil Society Organizations are getting caught up in the vicious circle of corruption in the climate finance sector in Bangladesh. Without having a separate mechanism for the Civil Society Organizations, there is little chance that their role will be positive in tackling corruption in this sector.

Prescription writing reflects the competency as well as the quality of medical education of the physician. This study was done to evaluate opinion of recent medical graduates towards ethical aspects of prescription writing. This descriptive study was conducted on recent medical graduates of 7 medical colleges in Bangladesh from January’18-June’19. Data were collected by a pretested self administered semi-structured questionnaire. Only descriptive statistics were computed by collected data. The study included 308 recent medical graduates having average age at commencement of internship was 24.2 years with male predominant (53.2%). Majority of the respondents thought that prescription should be written in block letter or be printed (70.1%) and there was possibility for selling wrong medicine due to bad handwriting (77.6%). Majority of the recent medical graduates thought that generic names were not difficult to remember (82.8%), there was every possibility of selling poor quality drugs of the same generic names by the pharmacists (87.7%) and physicians should not use generic name in prescriptions (56.5%). Furthermore, most of them (92%) felt a need for a mandatory educational qualification for the pharmacists. Most participants opined that pharmacists should have a minimum educational qualification to prevent the errors in dispensing. The findings of this study might be helpful to reinforcement the law to avoid the errors related to medical professionalism and ethical aspects of prescription writing in the medical education. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.12(1) 2021: 16-21

Collectively, rare genetic diseases affect a significant number of individuals worldwide. In this study, we have conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES) and identified underlying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in five children with rare genetic diseases. We present evidence for disease-causing autosomal recessive variants in a range of disease-associated genes such as DHH-associated 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD) or 46,XY sex reversal 7, GNPTAB-associated mucolipidosis II alpha/beta (ML II), BBS1-associated Bardet–Biedl Syndrome (BBS), SURF1-associated Leigh Syndrome (LS) and AP4B1-associated spastic paraplegia-47 (SPG47) in unrelated affected members from Bangladesh. Our analysis pipeline detected three homozygous mutations, including a novel c. 863 G > C (p.Pro288Arg) variant in DHH, and two compound heterozygous variants, including two novel variants: c.2972dupT (p.Met991Ilefs*) in GNPTAB and c.229 G > C (p.Gly77Arg) in SURF1. All mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing. Collectively, this study adds to the genetic heterogeneity of rare genetic diseases and is the first report elucidating the genetic profile of (consanguineous and nonconsanguineous) rare genetic diseases in the Bangladesh population.

This study was conducted to know the biomass yield, nutritional qualities and production costs of hydroponic sprout of maize, wheat and oats compared to their whole grains as feed. Weighed amount of seeds were soaked in water for 12, 24 and 2 hours, respectively followed by wrapping in cotton cloths for 48 h for maize and wheat, and 24 h for oats to germinate.Then germinated seeds were spread on plastic trays fitted in hydroponic racks for 7 days. At harvest, fresh yield was found 2.74, 3.5 and 2.5 kg for maize, wheat and oats, respectively from each kilogram of respective seed (p0.05) in wheat sprout (900.7 vs 872.0 g/kg) compared to their respective grain. In contrary, concentration of CP was significantly increased in wheat (126.1 vs 183.3 g/kg DM; P

Bangladesh is a developing country with a very high prevalence of antibiotic resistance where irrational use of antibiotics is very common. This cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge of antibiotics and antibiotic usage behavior (Antibiotic use, self-medication, adherence to therapy) among the people of Bangladesh. The association between participants’ knowledge of antibiotics and their antibiotic usage behavior was also analyzed. A cross-sectional survey based on a structured questionnaire was conducted in the Dhaka district. The questionnaire included questions about demographic information, participants’ knowledge of antibiotics, and their recent antibiotic usage. The data analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. Very few participants knew that antibiotics are not effective against most common colds (16.8%), viruses (22.5%), and pains (41.7%). Most respondents (>75%) knew that excessive use of antibiotics and failing to complete a course may render antibiotics less effective in the future. However, only 56.1% were aware of antibiotic resistance. About half (46.6%) of the participants took antibiotics in the last six months, 20.5% of whom resorted to self-medication and 23.1% reported non-adherence to therapy. Greater knowledge of antibiotics was significantly associated with lower rates of self-medication (p=0.037). Misconceptions about antibiotics and antibiotic misuse are very common in Bangladesh. The findings suggest that misconceptions about antibiotics and antibiotic misuse are very common in Bangladesh. To mitigate these problems, interventions comprised of educational campaigns and redesigning of the healthcare system and policies should be undertaken. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 519-524

This study investigates the interaction between financial innovation, human capital development and economic growth in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan for the period of 1981Q1–2016Q4 by applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Granger‐causality under error correction model (ECM). Our principal finding confirms long‐run association among financial innovation, human capital development, and economic growth of selected South Asian countries. Also, we found both long‐run and short‐run elasticities from financial innovation and human capital development to economic growth is positive for each country. The study confirms that economic growth of sample countries would positively affect any development in financial innovation and increase in investment for human capital development in future. We also perform a Granger‐causality test to investigate directional causality, and we found bidirectional causality between financial innovation and economic growth, and human capital development and economic growth both in short‐run and long‐run, thus, supporting the feedback hypothesis. The study comes with two recommendations; first, the government should encourage financial innovation in the financial system and formulate fiscal policy in favour of adaption and diffusion of financial innovation. Second, public investment in human capital development should continue and made necessary initiative towards ensuring better implementation of undertaken measures in the economy.

Security certification establishes that a given system satisfies properties and constraints as specified in the system security profile. Mechanisms and techniques have been developed to assess if and how well the system complies with the properties, thereby providing a degree of confidence in the security certification. Generally, certification of security controls defined by NIST SP800-53 is performed at design time to provide confidence in a system’s trustworthiness to achieve the organization’s mission and business requirements. Assuring confidence in a self-adaptive system’s security profile is challenging when both functional and security conditions may change at run time. Static security solutions are insufficient, given that dynamic application of defense mechanisms often needs to dynamically adapt security functionality at run time as part of self-protection. This security adaptation may hinder maintaining functional constraints or vice versa. In addition, adaptation capabilities may give rise to the need for dynamic certification, which can be a difficult procedure given the complexity of the security dependencies. Confidence in an information system’s compliance with security constraints can be expressed using security assurance cases (SACs). NIST security controls are defined with a hierarchical structure that makes them amenable to being specified in terms of SACs. A collection of SACs for related security controls form a network that can be used to measure the confidence of security compliance through certification-based evidence. Once the system is deployed, environmental and functional uncertainties may require the coordination of functional and security adaptations. This paper introduces the MAPE-SAC, a security-focused feedback control loop, and its interaction with a MAPE-K, function and performance-focused control loop, to dynamically manage run-time adaptations in response to changes in functional and security conditions. We illustrate the use of both control loops and their interaction with an example of two independent systems that need to cooperate to facilitate autonomous search and rescue in the aftermath of a natural disaster.

Background Gibberellin (GA) is one of the most essential phytohormones that modulate plant growth and development. Jute (Corchorus sp.) is the second most important source of bast fiber. Our result has shown that exogenous GA can positively regulate jute height and related characteristics which mean increasing endogenous GA production will help to get a jute variety with improved characteristics. However, genes involved in jute GA biosynthesis have not been analyzed precisely. Results Genome-wide analysis identified twenty-two candidate genes involved in jute GA biosynthesis pathway. Among them, four genes- CoCPS, CoKS, CoKO and CoKAO work in early steps. Seven CoGA20oxs, three CoGA3oxs, and eight GA2oxs genes work in the later steps. These genes were characterized through phylogenetic, motif, gene structure, and promoter region analysis along with chromosomal localization. Spatial gene expression analysis revealed that 11 GA oxidases were actively related to jute GA production and four of them were marked as key regulators based on their expression level. All the biosynthesis genes both early and later steps showed tissue specificity. GA oxidase genes were under feedback regulation whereas early steps genes were not subject to such regulation. Conclusion Enriched knowledge about jute GA biosynthesis pathway and genes will help to increase endogenous GA production in jute by changing the expression level of key regulator genes. CoGA20ox7, CoGA3ox2, CoGA2ox3, and CoGA2ox5 may be the most important genes for GA production.

Diagnostic criterion for abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in pregnancy is still under debate. This study aims to see the diagnostic efficiency of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) criterion in context to World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 criterion for detection of AGT in pregnancy. Pregnant mothers (n = 231; age, 26.07 ± 5.21 years; body mass index (BMI), 25.00 ± 4.09 kg/m2; mean ± SD) were screened for AGT including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) from July 2016 to July 2017 in the “GDM Clinic” of BSMMU following WHO 2013 and DIPSI protocol with an interval of 3–5 days in between. Out of 231 mothers, 204 completed both procedures. Diagnostic efficiency of DIPSI criterion was assessed in the light of WHO 2013 criterion. Out of 204 mothers, 61 (29.9%) had AGT (GDM = 55, DIP = 6) according to WHO 2013 criterion whereas only 36 (17.6%) had AGT (GDM = 33, DIP = 3) by DIPSI criterion. Among participants, age (25.50 ± 5.11 vs. 27.39 ± 5.28, p = 0.018) and BMI (24.50 ± 3.92 vs. 26.31 ± 4.41, p = 0.003) were significantly higher in AGT group than the group with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).Holding WHO 2013 criterion as gold standard, specificity of DIPSI criterion was very high (93.70%), but sensitivity was relatively low (44.26%). There was a fair agreement between the two criteria (kappa = 0.43; p

"The main objective of the thesis is to examine whether improved market access for the exports of the least developed countries (LDCs) is a significant means for achieving sustainable development through trade. Further, it aims to examine whether LDCs face challenges in achieving their sustainable development in the existing market access regime... Recognising the specific needs of LDCs, the Preamble to the 'WTO Agreement' calls for positive efforts designed to ensure that LDCs secure a share in the growth in international trade commensurate with the needs of their economic development." -- abstract.

We describe a 65-year-old male of Graves’ disease with thyroid-associated orbitopathy who developed thrombocytopenia during the course of illness. Clinical features, temporal relationship with drugs and investigations supported the diagnosis of immune thrombocytoenic purpura. Several immunosuppressive drugs failed to improve thrombocytopenia. At last platelet count returned back to normal and remained stable with addition of dapsone and restoration of euthyroidism.

The study aimed to assess the role of having knowledge and essential hygiene practices to prevent coronavirus pandemic and to find out the relationship between people’s knowledge and good hygiene practices with socio-demographic variables during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation. In this study, data were collected from 248 respondents for cross-sectional study using voluntary response sampling from April, 30 2020 to May, 30 2020, during lockdown situation in Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics were done to calculate the frequencies and percentages by using Stata SE 14.2 (StataCorp). Chi-square was performed at the significance level of 5% to find the factors which were associated with knowledge about COVID-19. After knowing about COVID-19, 86.29% respondents had taken preventive measures and 71.37% respondents had agreed to stay at home. Among the respondents, 47.98% were involved in services and were positively associated with good general knowledge of preventive practices. Our present findings indicated significant relationship between good general knowledge and practice of general people towards COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh. The findings of the study are helpful for the researchers and the population to follow all good promotional practices for preventive measures against coronavirus.

A service-based system (SBS) dynamically composes third-party services to deliver comprehensive functionality. As adaptive systems, SBSs can substitute equivalent services within the composition if service operations or workflow requirements change. Substituted services must maintain the original SBS quality of service (QoS) constraints. In this paper, we add security as a QoS constraint. Using a model problem of a SBS system created for self-adaptive system technology evaluation, we demonstrate the applicability of security assurance cases and service security profile exchange to build in security awareness for more informed SBS adaptation.

Poor weaning practice and malnutrition among under 5 (yrs) children are still major public health issues in Bangladesh. This study aimed to develop a cheap and nutritious weaning food for the children of Bangladesh. For this purpose, three weaning formulations of Q1, Q2, and Q3 with different ratios of germinated wheat, germinated mung-bean, and soya-bean, and a constant amount of sweet potato, sugar, salt, and milk flavor were processed and evaluated. The prepared formulations were investigated for proximate composition and sensory evaluation and compared with six commercial weaning food products. The proximate composition values indicated that the fat content of formulated foods ranged between 09.29% and 11.40%. The carbohydrate content was ranged between 52.80% and 61.20%, which was low compared with commercial ones. The protein content of the formulated foods was 20.33%–27.70%, and that was approximately two times more than available commercial foods. The energy content was also more than locally available commercial weaning foods, which were 411.40 ± 1.51 kcal to 419.30 ± 1.12 kcal. Sample Q2 had an 8.4 acceptance score in sensory analysis of a 9-point hedonic scale scorecard, which made it more acceptable than the other two samples. The values of mineral elements (Na, K, Fe) were similar to all analyzed varieties of commercial weaning foods. This nutrient-enriched weaning food will easily be affordable for the people of developing countries like Bangladesh. The results showed that the formulated weaning food had the desired characteristics of a weaning food; hence, it could decrease malnutrition in children., Weaning foods, Malnutrition, Germinated, Cereals, Legumes, Bangladesh.

A field experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2011 to February 2012 to study the effect of seed tuber size on the yield and quality of seven accessions of potato. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. This piece of research consisted of two factors namely, size of seed tubers i.e. three different size of seed tuber i.e. small (10-20 g), medium (21-30 g) and large (31-40 g) and seven accessions of potato i.e. AC10064, AC10076, AC10097, AC10109, AC10123, AC10190 and one check variety Cardinal. The size of individual plot was 1.8 m × 1.2 m. Two adjacent unit plots and blocks were separated by 0.5 m and 0.5 m. A spacing of 60 cm × 30 cm was also used in terms of planting. Data on different yield contributing characters and yield were recorded. The tallest plants were produced by the large size of seed tuber accession AC10109 (120.25 cm) which also took minimum time (6.10 days) to germinate and possessed maximum stem diameter (0.95 cm) while small seed tuber of Cardinal required maximum days (10.23 days) along with shortest height (60.22 cm) as well as stem diameter (0.65 cm). The large size seed tuber of accession AC10109 gave maximum number of main stems/hill (6.4) and small size of seed tuber variety Cardinal gave minimum number of main stems/hill (2.96). The large size of seed tuber accession AC10109 produced maximum number of compound leaves/hill (64.80) and the small size of seed tuber Cardinal produced minimum number of compound leaves/hill (35.74). In terms of yield character large size of seed tuber of AC10109 accession exhibited highest results in tuber number 9.60 with the average diameter of tubers (5.86 cm) and yield was 10.42 t/ha. The accessions differed significantly with respect to all the plant characters studied. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(2): 200–205, June 2019

The study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening, in vivo evaluation of antidiarrheal activity, and GI motility of methanolic extract as well as different organic solvent soluble fractions of bark of Annona reticulata Linn. The powdered bark of the plant was extracted with methanol using cold extraction method and fractionated with solvent-solvent partitioning using organic solvents including n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, diterpenes, carbohydrate, saponins, phenols, tannins and glycosides. The different organic solvent soluble fractions of bark were evaluated at a concentration of 200 mg/kgbw in castor oil induced diarrheal mice model. The aqueous soluble fractions of bark Annona reticulata showed highest percentage of inhibition of diarrhea (64.91 ± 1.37%), whereas methanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed 26.99 ± 1.79%, 34.85 ± 1.66%, 52.71 ± 1.42% and 45.45 ± 1.54% of diarrheal inhibition, respectively. At the same time, the reference standard Loperamide (5 mg/kg) exhibited 73.21 ± 2.06% inhibition of diarrhea. In GI motility test by charcoal plug method, the 200 mg/kgbw of aqueous soluble fraction showed highest antimotility activity (68.71 ± 3.98%), whereas methanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions showed 66.84 ± 3.38%, 52.01 ± 1.25%, 59.75 ± 3.56% and 54.70 ± 2.12% antimotility activity, respectively. The standard Loperamide (5 mg/kg) revealed 72.41 ± 1.33% inhibition of GI motility, whereas distilled water as control demonstrated 34.06 ± 1.09% of inhibition. This result indicates that the plant extracts have a significant inhibition of GI motility.

Hereditary multiple exostoses is a rare autosomal dominant pediatric disorder with an incidence of about 1:50000 characterized by multiple cartilage-capped bony protuberances, called osteochondromas or exostoses, projecting from the metaphyses of long bones. It is caused by loss of function mutations in exostosin-1 and exostosin-2 genes that encode glycosyltransferase enzymes involved in the synthesis of heparan sulfate which has fundamental role in extracellular matrix formation during bone development. It commonly presents with compressive symptoms due to bony overgrowth involving all bones except calvarium and rarely transformed into malignancy. No definite treatment is available, but careful screening of these exostoses with timely referral to respective surgeon prevents long term complications and improves quality of life. J Enam Med Col 2019; 9(1): 60-63