Search

Examines the effects of alloying carbon (C) with germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si) and varying the C/Ge ratio during the growth of very thin layers of the ternary alloy SiGeC grown on Si substrates. Use of atomic force microscopy in the tapping mode process; Emphasis on the low dimensional structures of substrates; Conclusions.

Presents a study which examined local magnetic fields inside the coating using molecules of L-alanine, irradiated in an electron-beam-processed barium ferrite coating. Description of the average magnetic field at some point inside a ferromagnetic material immersed in a uniform external magnetic field; Method and materials used in preparing barium ferrite; Mathematical description of the demagnetizing field inside coating for thin-film samples.

Ge[sub 1-x]C[sub x]/Si heterostructure photodiodes with nominal carbon percentages (0≤x≤0.02), which exceed the solubility limit, were grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy on n-type (100) Si substrates. The p-Ge[sub 1-x]C[sub x]/n-Si photodiodes were fabricated and tested. The p-Ge[sub 1-x]C[sub x]/n-Si junction exhibits diode rectification with a reverse saturation current of about 10 pA/μm[sup 2] at -1 V and high reverse breakdown voltage, up to -80 V. A significant reduction in diode reverse leakage current was observed by adding C to Ge, but these effects saturated with more C. Photoresponsivity was observed from these Si-based p-Ge[sub 1-x]C[sub x]/n-Si photodiodes at a wavelength of >=1.3 μm, compatible with fiber optic wavelengths. External quantum efficiency of these thin surface-normal photodetectors was measured up to 2.2%, which decreased as the carbon percentage was increased. © 1998 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: The inclusion of meningococcal vaccines in the National Immunization Program (NIP) over several years has significantly reduced the incidence of meningococcal meningitis in China to historic lows. Worldwide, there has been a diversification of meningococcal serogroups, leading to a shift in dominant serogroups in China from serogroup A to serogroups C and B, accompanied by a rise in reports of serogroups Y and W., What Is Added by This Report?: An outbreak of serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis (Nm ) in a secondary vocational school involved a single confirmed severe case and 24 individuals with laboratory-confirmed Nm carriage. Epidemiological investigation revealed that the outbreak was localized to the classroom of the confirmed case. Prolonged close contact within a confined space was identified as a significant risk factor for Nm transmission. The genotype sequence identified was type 1655 (ST-1655), which is categorized under clonal complex 23 (CC-23) and bears resemblance to 8 previously confirmed cases of serogroup Y meningococcal meningitis within Guangdong Province. This suggests that serogroup Y infections continue to sporadically emerge and have become prevalent strains., What Are the Implications for Public Health Practice?: This outbreak underscores the critical need to enhance surveillance of meningococcal serogroups and population carrier, and advocate for vaccination with MenY-containing vaccines., Competing Interests: No conflicts of interest., (Copyright and License information: Editorial Office of CCDCW, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 2024.)

The global coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic is still in a pandemic state. Aging population with underlying diseases is prone to become severe, and have a higher mortality. The treatment capacity of the critical care department directly determines the treatment success rate of critical illness. At present, there is still a certain gap between domestic and foreign countries in intensive care unit (ICU), which is not only in the allocation of medical staff, but also in the beds and settings. The current medical model cannot fully meet the needs of development. The experience and lessons of many major public health emergencies suggested that "dual track of peace and war" approach in discipline construction of critical care is the best medical model. Following the concept of "combination of peace and war", strengthening the discipline construction of critical care department in municipal and district designated hospitals, allocating reasonable standard ICU, step-down ICU and combat readiness ICU, establishing rapid response team, and strengthening regular training and scientific management may be the key measures to deal with the epidemic.

Enteral nutrition plays an irreplaceable role in the nutritional treatment of critically ill patients. In order to help clinical medical staff to manage the common complications during the implementations of enteral nutrition for critically ill patients, the consensus writing team carried out literature retrieval, literature quality evaluation, evidence synthesis. Several topics such as diarrhea, aspiration, high gastric residual volume, abdominal distension, etc. were assessed by evidence-based methodology and Delphi method. After two rounds of expert investigations, Expert consensus on prevention and management of enteral nutrition therapy complications for critically ill patients in China (2021 edition) developed, and provided guidance for clinical medical staff.

Objective: To investigate the epidemic status of Hepatitis B in children aged 1-14 in 3 counties of Guangdong province in 2013, and to evaluate the effect of hepatitis control in children aged 1-14 after hepatitis B vaccine was integrated into the national immunization program in 2002 and catch-up vaccination was conducted from 2009 to 2011., Methods: A multi-stage stratified random sampling was designed to survey 1 621 children aged 1-14 in rural area of Nanxiong county, Haifeng county and Xinxing county by questionnaires including general information, medical history and risk factors. The samples were tested with chemiluminescence method to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HbsAg (anti-HBs) and antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of HBV serum markers in different age groups, vaccine histories, birth weight and HBV infection status of mother., Results: Among the children aged 1-14 in 3 counties rural regions of Guangdong province, the positive rate of HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc was 1.11% (18/1 621), 60.69% (982/1 618) and 1.92% (31/1 617), respectively. The HBsAg positive rate of vaccinated children (0.84%, 13/1 547) was lower than that of unvaccinated children (1/13) or children with unknown vaccination status (6.56%, 4/61) (χ² = 22.64, P < 0.001). The HBsAg positive rate (0.45%, 5/1 118) of the children with birth-dose given within 24 hours was lower than those that of children given beyond 24 hours (2.63%, 61/190) (χ² = 10.21, P < 0.001). The HBsAg positive rate (5/18) of children with birth weight under 2 kilogram was higher than that of children with birth weight above 2 kilogram (0.78%, 12/1 548) (χ² = 120.8, P < 0.001). The HBsAg positive rate of children born to HBsAg-positive mothers (2.80%, 3/107) was higher than that of children born to HBsAg-negative mothers (0.21%, 1/470) (χ² = 8.50, P = 0.004). With the age increasing, the coverage and timely birth-dose coverage of Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) decreased, and the positive rate of anti-HBs gradually decreased., Conclusion: After the catch-up vaccination was conducted in unvaccinated children aged 1-14 years from 2009 to 2011, the HBsAg and anti-HBc positive rate decreased, while the anti-HBs positive rate increased significantly.