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This paper examines Pashto adjectives to delineate their placement and order with respect to their morphological change and modification of meaning. The aim of this paper is to address the occurrence of Pashto adjectives at the initial, middle, and final positions at the sentence level. Furthermore, the main focus in these occurrences is to find the prenominal initial, prenominal middle, postnominal middle, and final positions of Pashto adjectives at the sentence level. For doing this, the researchers collected data from native speakers and focused on adjectives and their use in sentences. They also read different written materials and found adjectives at various positions. The finding of the study showed that three adjective orders are correct and normal in Pashto, including prenominal initial, prenominal middle, and postnominal medial adjective orders. The results also showed that the postnominal position of an adjective is rarely found in spoken, but not in written at the final position of a sentence. In addition to it, the postnominal adjective of Pashto brings emphasis to the sentence, causes incorrect syntactic order, and also affects the meaning of the sentence.

Hospitals are often the epicenter of newly circulating infections, consequently health workers are at high risk to obtain irresistible infections. Nurses are viewed as among the first to contact patients with arising diseases. Nurses with no prior experience with such contagious diseases were recruited who provided care to patients with COVID 19 in this pandemic. Objective: To investigate the experiences of nurses who have attended covid 19 pandemic patients during 2020. Methods: A qualitative study with thematic analysis was conducted, using a phenomenological approach. A total of 12 nurses have joined in-depth, semi-structured interviews, from three COVID-19-designated hospitals in the capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, using purposive sampling technique. Face to face interviews were conducted and their observations were recorded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Results: Five major themes emerged from data analysis that included Nosophobia, Scarcity of Resources, First Line Warriors, Environmental/Physical Problems and Perceived super spreaders. Nurses identified many sources of social support during pandemic situation. Participants expressed and considered high work load, anxiety and fear and concern for patients and family members as negative emotions in early stage of pandemic crises. Conclusions: The exhaustive work drained nurses physically and emotionally. Nurses should be given a comprehensive assistance and support in protecting themselves while they have showed their strength and spirit of professional dedication to defeat hurdles and challenges, they have faced. Consistent training for nurses is important to advance preparedness and viability in future crisis management.

Pashto is widely spoken in different regions of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and other countries. Many researchers have studied the Pashto and revealed various interesting aspects of it. However, the purpose of the study is to investigate the use of the morpheme /i:/ as a suffix in Pashto grammar, particularly in nouns (masculine, feminine, singular and plural) and verb. For this purpose, the researchers adopted a qualitative approach and collected data from the native speakers of Pashto. The results of the study showed that the morpheme /i:/ is a very productive process in Pashto in the formation of noun and its plural, and past tense (verb). The results showed that /i:/ cause a morphological change in the root of masculine nouns (e.g., 'zalme' means 'young boy' and 'zalmi:' means 'young boys'), feminine nouns (e.g., 'wana' means 'tree' and 'wani:' means 'trees') and verbs in the past tense (e.g., 'kat̪ ali:’ means ‘saw’). The results revealed that this morpheme brings morphological change to the root of the nouns as well because it adds to the category of the noun ‘χa:n’ meaning ‘king/authoritative person’, and the category remains same (noun) ‘χa:ni:’ means 'wealthy/powerful' and the noun ‘É£ari:b’ means ‘poor’ into the noun ‘É£ari:bi:’ means ‘poverty’.

Self-esteem is defined as self-value and the combination of skills and emotional states that describe how highly people respect themselves or think about themselves. Objective: To identify the correlation between self-esteem and academic performance. Methods: The study design was correlational descriptive, which was conducted from August 2022 to September 2022, with a sample size of 185 nursing students and a non-probability sampling technique. The self-esteem of the participants was assessed through a valid and reliable scale. Results: Among the study participants, the majority of the students were male (64.5%). In the collected data, the majority of students’ self-esteem was average (91.90%), while the academic performance of the participants was average (61.1%). The most frequent answers to the scale questions were "agree" and "strongly agree. The overall self-esteem of male participants was higher compared to female participants, while the 4th year students’ self-esteem was higher compared to other years' students. In the academic performance, the performance was best and average. The academic performance of males were higher than female participants. The findings show that there is no correlation between self-esteem and academic performance and also no correlation with selected demographic variables. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that students with higher self-esteem are more confident, have a lower stress level, and are energetic, good problem solvers. Senior students’ self-esteem has higher self-esteem compared to other class students

Background: Chest tube insertion is a commonly performed surgical procedure in hospital practice, which is indicated in chest trauma, pneumothorax, or for use for draining of air, blood, or pus. Nurses play a role in the care of patients, like dealing with critical patients and resuscitation, so they should know about the management of chest tube drainage. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, nursing role, and intervention of chest tube drainage. Methodology: The study design of a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in a saidu group of teaching hospitals from May 2021 to September 2021 had a sample size of 70 while using a convenient sampling technique for data collection of nurses working in the intensive care unit. Data was collected through a valid and reliable adopted questionnaire. The Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results: Female participants (54.3%) were higher than male participants (45.7%), while the major age group was 26–30 (38.6%). The maximum nurse’s knowledge regarding chest tubes was poor (81.4%), followed by an average score (18.6%), and good was nil. In nurses' roles, the majority were poor (65.7%), while (34.3%) were average and good (nil). In nursing intervention, 68.6% were poor, the average was 31.4%, and none was good. As a result of an independent t-test, the male participants had scored higher in all three sections of the questionnaire than the female participants. Conclusion: The study concluded through ANNOVA that knowledge is highly significant (p-value 0.000) with qualification while not significant (p-value 0.225, 0.394, 0.799) with departments. Keywords: Assessment, Chest tube, Drain, Knowledge, Management, Nurses

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is the capability of people to recognize the emotions of themselves and others; it consists of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. Healthcare professionals with exceptional emotional intelligence are able to identify emotions in others and modify their own emotions to fit the situation. Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the EI and burnout among nurses employed in tertiary care hospitals in KPK. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional descriptive, conducted in 2 tertiary care hospitals from March 2022 to July 2022, with a sample size of 104. Data were collected through 2 valid and reliable questionnaires; the Schutte Self-report EI Test and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: The male participants of the study were 51.9% and the females were 48.1%, the large numbers of staff response were positive towards emotional intelligence 78% and the negative emotional intelligence was 22%. The mean and standard deviation scores of (MOTE 29.09 ± 9.01, MOE 33.19 ± 9.78, POE 31.94 ± 9.61, and UOE 22.9 ± 5.99) were more than the cut-off values. The high burnout was 36%, the low burnout was 33%, and the average burnout was 31%. Conclusions: Nurses working in tertiary care hospitals have positive emotional intelligence, but burnout in the majority of participants was high due to a shortage of staff and an increasing number of patients.

This research aimed to investigate the green practices in the mega construction project of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Over recent years, there has been an increasing need for adopting and implementing more green and sustainable practices, leading to national and international sustainable and green environmental agendas. To address the issue, green project practices were considered an independent variable comprising green design, procurement, and construction. The dependent variables were environmental performance and economic performance. Primary data were collected from respondents working on the CPEC project. A representative sample of 276 respondents was used. The analysis was conducted using PLS-SEM. The results indicated that green design significantly influences economic performance, green procurement has a positive and significant effect on environmental performance, and green construction has a positive and significant impact on both environmental and economic and financial performance. The research showed that construction management at CPEC should adopt all facets of green project practices together, reducing negative environmental effects, increasing environmental benefits, and improving long-term economic performance in the area.

Bioinformatics is an active and important research discipline in which molecular data is exponentially growing in complex nature. Because of the substantial research in this field, researchers are faced with critical issues such as bandwidth, storage, and complexity in order to retrieve molecular data. It becomes very difficult to conduct research using low computational devices such as Internet of things and sensors. We are employing migration of the agent technique to decrease network traffic and to mitigate the client’s limited resource problem by utilizing server-side resources to perform large-scale computation. Our proposed solution does not necessitate additional storage or processing power on the client’s side which makes it cost effective. In the proposed solution, (i) an agent visits service provider containing biological data, say sequences requested by the client, (ii) agent fetches the required data, and on the server side it will manipulate the data, and (iii) returns along with the required results to its source platform. Thus, it solves the bandwidth, storage, and computational issues without involving the low resources of the client. For the proof of concept, Java Agent Development (JADE) framework is used as an implementation tool and the results are compared with Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI). It is important to note that our findings reveal that our strategy saves the user up to 16.25% of average time with respect to bandwidth. On the other hand, our approach takes 46.82% less time than the other with respect to data that the agent carries. In addition to the previous contributions, our approach acts as a mashup, to collect data in different format from several service providers, and converts it in any required format. Thus, it solves the problem of complexity hidden in the nature of the data to increase the researchers’ productivity.

With the help of in-body antennas, the wireless communication among the implantable medical devices (IMDs) and exterior monitoring equipment, the telemetry system has brought us many benefits. Thus, a very thin-profile circularly polarized (CP) in-body antenna, functioning in ISM band at 2.45 GHz, is proposed. A tapered coplanar waveguide (CPW) method is used to excite the antenna. The radiator contains a pentagonal shape with five horizontal slits inside to obtain a circular polarization behavior. A bendable Roger Duroid RT5880 material (εr = 2.2, tanδ = 0.0009) with a typical 0.25 mm-thickness is used as a substrate. The proposed antenna has a total volume of 21 × 13 × 0.25 mm3. The antenna covers up a bandwidth of 2.38 to 2.53 GHz (150 MHz) in vacuum, while in skin tissue it covers 1.56 to 2.72 GHz (1.16 GHz) and in the muscle tissue covers 2.16 to 3.17 GHz (1.01 GHz). GHz). The flexion analysis in the x and y axes was also performed in simulation as the proposed antenna works with a wider bandwidth in the skin and muscle tissue. The simulation and the curved antenna measurements turned out to be in good agreement. The impedance bandwidth of −10 dB and the axis ratio bandwidth of 3 dB (AR) are measured on the skin and imitative gel of the pig at 27.78% and 35.5%, 13.5% and 4.9%, respectively, at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The simulations revealed that the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the skin is 0.634 and 0.914 W/kg in muscle on 1g-tissue. The recommended SAR values are below the limits set by the federal communications commission (FCC). Finally, the proposed low-profile implantable antenna has achieved very compact size, flexibility, lower SAR values, high gain, higher impedance and axis ratio bandwidths in the skin and muscle tissues of the human body. This antenna is smaller in size and a good applicant for application in medical implants.

Purpose This paper explores the indigenous climate knowledge (ICK) of the Gwadar fishing community in Pakistan. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the accuracy of ICK and how climatic change brings changes to it and the social lives of local fishers. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research methods, including participant observation, in-depth interviews and oral histories, were used to collect the data. Findings Finding from this long fieldwork shows that this fishing community has a harmonious relationship with nature and local ecology. Their knowledge of local ecology enables them to have equal access to natural resources, sustainable resource management, disaster risk reduction and strong social organization on the coast of Gwadar. Recently their deep relationship with local ecology and sociocultural organization has been disturbed due to huge climate changes caused by human manipulation of the environment. Their ability to foresee climatic events has been reduced. They are finding it impossible to estimate fish availability due to massive climate changes. Local communities are losing their traditional livelihoods and socioeconomic autonomy as a result of growing climate change. Climatic change adds to the existing poverty situation and increases political instability in the region. Practical implications The study suggests using the fishermen’s valuable indigenous knowledge of local ecology, climate and its ties to local traditions, culture and resource management for a scientific understanding of climate change and marine resource management in Gwadar, Pakistan. Originality/value This is an ethnographic study based on a long term field work. Fishing community is passing through catastrophic climatic changes in the region. This community has been ignored by both government and researchers to record their problems and bring them to academia and media. Therefore, this study will help them raise their voices.

OBJECTIVE: Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological abnormality and is defined as platelet count less than 100×109/L. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of thrombocytopenia among neonates. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted at Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) Peshawar from 1st February till 31st March 2021. A total of 100 neonates with the age ≤28 days were randomly selected. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 61:39 in this study. Among all the 100 neonates, 76% have platelets count above the normal value while 24% have thrombocytopenia. 52% of the neonates aged up to 3 days while 36% of the neonates aged 4-14 days and 12% neonates aged above 14 days. Thrombocytopenia was present in 11 % of neonates aged 72 hours or less whereas it was 13% in neonates aged more than 72 hours of life. CONCLUSION: The study concludes high prevalence of thrombocytopenia among neonates, which may be attributed to parent’s lack of awareness and poor lifestyle.

Background: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) consist of brief periodic but severe and chronic facial pain in acial region in single or multiple branches of the trigeminal nerve. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of TN in patients with chronic facial pain. Methodology: This cross sectional observational study was conducted at Department of Neurology OPD Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. 46 patients with chronic facial pain were selected for the study. All data was taken on a structured Performa and was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Using non probability consecutive sampling after taking approval from Ethical Committee of the hospital, study duration was 10 months from 25-1-2019 to 25-10-2019. Results: Out of 46 patients, there were 18 (39.1%) males and 28 (60.9%) females. The mean age of the patients was 50.67, the Standard Deviation recorded was 11.56. Minimum age was 21 and maximum age was 67. 23. Out of 31 patients diagnosed with TN had history of tooth extraction and 8 had no extraction. Out of 31 patients presented with TN, right side was involved in 24 (52.2%) patients and left side was involved in 7 (15.2%) patients. Mandibular never was more common in the patients with TN which was 37% followed by maxillary nerve 21.7%, and ophthalmic nerve at 8.7%. Majority of the patients 28 (75.7%) belonged to the age group of 40 to 67. Females having TGN were 78% and males were 50%. Right side (52.2%) was more involved than left side. Mandibular division (37%) was more involved than maxillary and ophthalmic division. Conclusion: We conclude that females are more at risk of developing TN than males. Increasing age has a higher chance of developing TN. Right side is more involved than left. Mandibular division is more involved than maxillary and ophthalmic.

Usability and design of various systems indicate how simply a computer may be managed to switch between various views and locate the pertinent information.Usability is crucial not only for measuring the ease of use of the software system, but also for identifying possible complications in the interface of software system. Human- Computer Interaction (HCI) focuses on making a system useable. If the structure, terminology, content, and searches for these systems aren't really easily accessible for their visitors, they will have little or no use. Interactions with these systems is only interesting if they are developed with polished features. Virtual environments are recreations designed to entice users into an artificially produced world, giving them the sensation of true presence. Interactive and immersive innovations include virtual reality, augmented reality, and truly immersive settings. Advances in HCI technology can lead to better virtual worlds (VW) and augmented reality (AR) experiences by providing more natural and effective ways for an user to engage with a virtually immersive experience. Despite the reality that there's been a lot of research conducted in the field of Human computer interaction for virtual elements, there are currently only a few studies on reviewing relevant literature HCI configuration issues for virtual elements.Following that, this study provides an inside and an outside review of work that explored several HCI configuration problems for virtual objects.The findings of our analysis HCI config issues for virtual elements and open exploratory challenges are presented and discussed in order to summarize the findings and recognize future inventive work in virtual elements. Usage represents one of the most important factors in determining the system's worth. The study will use related literature from around the world to study and evaluate the current state of quality assessment, design challenges, as it is a qualitative attribute, and to identify areas for development. This research looks into the efforts made mostly in design, usage, and design of efficient UI. Several sources, including large web collections.

Bipartite quantum entanglement has numerous practical applications in quantum computation and communication. Here, we study the temporal evolution of bipartite entanglement of a two-mode Gaussian state at the output of a correlated spontaneous-emission laser. The lasing medium is coupled with a strong classical field and two quantized modes of the cavity field, which are initially considered in two arbitrary single-mode Gaussian states. The influence of various parameters of the system on the bipartite entanglement of the two-mode Gaussian state is analyzed in detail. In presence of the cavity damping rates, we show that the amount and the time evolution of entanglement increases with the nonclassicality of the initial states. However, the purity of the initial states shows the absence of obvious effects on the entanglement dynamics. Further, the time interval of entanglement enhances with the Rabi frequency of the classical pump field. In addition, the photon number statistics of the two evolved modes of the cavity field is studied.

Hyperlipidemia is one kind of metabolic syndrome for which the treatment commonly includes simvastatin (SV). Individuals vary widely in statin responses, and growing evidence implicates gut microbiome involvement in this variability. However, the associated molecular mechanisms between metabolic improvement and microbiota composition following SV treatment are still not fully understood. In this study, combinatory approaches using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS)-based metabolomic profiling, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based gut microbiota profiling were performed to investigate the interplay of endogenous metabolites and the gut microbiota related to SV treatment. A total of 6 key differential endogenous metabolites were identified that affect the metabolism of amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE)), and the functions of gut microbial metabolism. Moreover, a total of 22 differentially abundant taxa were obtained following SV treatment. Three bacterial taxa were identified to be involved in SV treatment, namely, Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Porphyromonadaceae. These findings suggested that the phenylalanine and tyrosine-associated amino acid metabolism pathways, as well as the linoleic acid and 9-HODE-associated unsaturated fatty acid metabolism pathways, which are involved in gut flora interactions, might be potential therapeutic targets for improvement in SV hypolipidemic efficacy. The mass spectrometric data have been deposited to MassIVE (https://massive.ucsd.edu/ProteoSAFe/static/massive.jsp). Username: MSV000087842_reviewer. Password: hardworkingzsr.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the pre and post induction blood pressure and heart rate readings in spinal anesthesia during Cesarean section. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Capital Development Authority Hospital, Islamabad. 100 patients were included in this study. Data was collected through structured Performa. Convenient sampling method was used for the selection of participants. Informed consent was taken from the patients and the concerns doctors to collect the data. The ethical approval was taken from the ethical committee of the Capital Development Authority Hospital, Islamabad. RESULTS: Total was 100 cases selected in which the patients had surgery history, 32 patients had no surgery history. There was difference in the blood pressure and heart rate readings of the pre and post induction of the spinal anesthesia during cesarean of the patients. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that spinal Spinal anesthesia is commonly used for elective cesarean delivery.

INTRODUCTION: Fractures of the tibia are often the consequence of accidents and falls. Treatment for an open fracture Tibia is a challenging issue for both orthopaedic and plastic surgeons. There are several treatment options available for tibia fractures, including conservative and surgical procedures. Locking plates are a successful therapeutic approach, however they have problems including nonunion.. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of nonunion in tibial shaft locking plates.. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients hospitalized to our department with tibial shaft fractures who consented to participate were included in this research. Context for Conducting a Case Study The study was conducted at Department of Orthopedic DHQ Hospital Batkhala Pakistan . The Period of Study Sixty month (16 Aug, 2020 - 15 Feb, 2021) It was determined that the fracture needed to be stabilised, and a locking compression plate was used. Patients were contacted on a frequent basis utilising their contact information in order to lessen the risk of them not following up. The 24th week visit for non-union was conducted using X-rays of the tibia shaft Antero- posterior and lateral views as the final evaluation for the research. The patient was instructed to notify the hospital immediately if any complications emerged from the surgery. when returning to the surgical location for follow-up appointments All surgical operations were subjected to periodic radiological and clinical evaluation. RESULTS: The study included 156 patients in total. In 15 patients, there was a nonunion (9.6 percent ). There was no statistically significant relationship between nonunion and gender, patient age, or fracture type. CONLCUSION: The nonunion rate in our study was 9.6 percent. According to our clinical findings, the single lateral approach technique for TSF with locking plate takes less time to perform, requires less hospitalisation time, and has a lower risk of nonunion.

In the modern era of communication, electronic communication systems play a significant role. There have been numerous advancements in this domain. Electronic communication is used by both business and non-commercial groups. For sensitive communication, the messaging system must be secure. Many organizations provide messaging services on a rental basis, however, there are many hazards associated. In this paper, we developed a messaging system based on Exchange Server 2019. Microsoft Exchange Server 2019 is a powerful and secure communications service. The university's administrative personnel, teaching staff, and students can use the local messaging system for a variety of purposes. Every employee and student will have an email account that they may use to communicate with one another within the organization without having to use the internet. Our local messaging system provides excellent accountability and monitoring services, or even the ability to keep track of each conversation. Administrative meetings can be convened, university resources such as classrooms, computer labs, or laboratories can be managed, and students can submit assignments through our system. &nbsp

Due to its aggressive nature and low survival rate, esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancer. While the intestinal microbiome significantly influences human health and disease. This research aimed to investigate and characterize the relative abundance of intestinal bacterial composition in esophageal cancer patients. The fecal samples were collected from esophageal cancer patients (n = 15) and healthy volunteers (n = 10). The PCR-DGGE was carried out by focusing on the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and qPCR was performed for Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium leptum and Lactobacillus. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene targeting the V3+V4 region was performed on 20 randomly selected samples. PCR-DGGE and High-throughput diversity results showed a significant alteration of gut bacterial composition between the experimental and control groups, which indicates the gut microbial dysbiosis in esophageal cancer patients. At the phylum level, there was significant enrichment of Bacteroidetes, while a non-significant decrease of Firmicutes in the experimental group. At family statistics, a significantly higher level of Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, while a significantly lower abundance of Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae were observed. There was a significantly high prevalence of genera Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, while a significantly lower abundance of Prevotella_9 and Dialister in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the species analysis also showed significantly raised level of Bacteroides vulgatus and Escherichia coli in the experimental group. These findings revealed a significant gut microbial dysbiosis in esophageal cancer patients. So, the current study can be used for the understanding of esophageal cancer treatment, disease pathway, mechanism, and probiotic development.

Background: This study aims to examine and determine the role of race/ethnicity in chronic conditions in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during any of their previous pregnancies. Methods: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from2007–2016 to identify women who self-reported prior GDM and chronic disease diagnoses such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).We used bivariate analysis using the chi-square test (χ²) and multiple logistic regressions to perform statistical test for associations, taking into consideration design and sample weight. Results: Among participants with prior GDM diagnoses, black women had a 74.4% prevalence of chronic disease, followed by Whites, 58.5% Hispanics, 58.0%, and Asians, 51.9% (P=0.009).Black women with prior GDM diagnoses had 2.4 odds of having chronic conditions compared to Whites (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-4.50). In addition, they had higher odds of being former smokers (AOR=1.73, 95% CI=1.01-2.96),current smokers (AOR=1.96, 95% CI=1.06-3.61), having a body mass index (BMI) of 25-29.9(AOR=2.55, 95% CI=1.10-5.87), or a BMI ≥30 (AOR=4.09, 95% CI = 2.05-8.17) compared to their White counterparts. Hispanic women had lower odds of being diagnosed with GDM and associated chronic diseases. Conclusion: Black women with GDM were disproportionally affected and at higher risk to be diagnosed with chronic conditions. Smoking and obesity were strongly associated with chronic disease diagnoses. Our findings also suggest a ‘Hispanic Paradox’, requiring further study. These findings inform primary care clinicians and Obstetricians, and Gynecologists of at-risk patients who could benefit from lifestyle modification recommendations and counseling.

Quantum discord, an appropriate measure of quantum correlation, is analyzed in a two-mode Gaussian state of the cavity field evolved by a system of quantum beat laser. In the laser system, two arbitrary single-mode Gaussian states of the cavity fields and an external classical field couple to the atomic lasing medium. We calculate the time-dependent expression for the quantum discord both analytically and numerically, by following the reduced density matrix equation of the resulting cavity field. In this framework, we investigate the generation and control of Gaussian quantum discord in the two-mode Gaussian state of the cavity field at the output in terms of the purity and non-classicality of the two input cavity modes, the Rabi frequency of the classical driving field, the relative phase of the coupling parameters, and the damping rates of the cavity modes. The behaviour of quantum discord appears oscillatory due to the quantum beats in the output cavity field developed by the classical driving field in the medium as time passes. Moreover, we find that quantum discord switches on and off while adjusting the relative phase of the coupling parameters. Analysis of the analytical results agrees well with our numerical simulations.

In this contribution, we reported the synthesis of 2,6-bis(1-butyl-1H-1,2,3- triazol-1-yl)pyridine-capped poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)s (denoted BTP-PVPy). First, a 2,6-bis-(1-butyl-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-4-yl)-pyridin-4-yl]-methanol (BTP-CH2OH) was synthesized. The as-obtained BTP-CH2OH was then employed to react with 4-cyano-4-isopropoxythiocarbonylsulfanyl-4-methyl-butyric acid to obtain a BTP-functionalized xanthate. The latter was used to mediate the radical polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). It was found that the radical polymerization of NVP was in living/controlled manner in the presence of BTP-functionalized xanthate. By controlling the molar ratios of NVP to the BTP-functionalized xanthate, the BTP-capped PVPy samples were obtained with various lengths of PVPy chains. The BTP-capped PVPy samples displayed the self-assembly behavior in aqueous media. Notably, the self-assembly behavior was significantly influenced with the complexation of BTP end groups with the metal ions [Pt(II), Zn(II), and Eu(III)]. The sizes and morphologies of the self-organized nanoobjects were quite dependent on the coordination behavior of the tridentate ligand (viz. BTP) with the metal ions. In addition, the self-assembled nanoobjects in aqueous suspension displayed different photoluminescent behavior, depending on the types of metal ions.

Once the body dies, the indigenous microbes of the host begin to break down the body from the inside and play a key role thereafter. This study aimed to investigate the probable shift in the composition of the rectal microbiota at different time intervals up to 15 days after death and to explore bacterial taxa important for estimating the time since death. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes showed major shifts when checked at 11 different intervals and emerged at most of the postmortem intervals. At the species level, Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis showed a downward and upward trend, respectively, after day 5 postmortem. The phylum-, family-, genus-, and species-taxon richness decreased initially and then increased considerably. The turning point occurred on day 9, when the genus, rather than the phylum, family, or species, provided the most information for estimating the time since death. We constructed a prediction model using genus-level data from high-throughput sequencing, and seven bacterial taxa, namely, Enterococcus, Proteus, Lactobacillus, unidentified Clostridiales, Vagococcus, unidentified Corynebacteriaceae, and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, were included in this model. The abovementioned bacteria showed potential for estimating the shortest time since death.

This essay focuses on the “regime of truth” that has historically been constructed in public education institutions that support the state assimilationist nation-building project which marginalizes...

The world is advancing at a great pace in space related activities. Space use has expanded, pushing more and more countries and private commercial operations towards launching different projects. Space agencies across the world are playing a progressively vital role in different activities such as environmental management, meteorology, communications, navigation, resource surveying, global positioning and disaster monitoring etc. Space science and research has tremendous potential and can be developed for solutions of problems. Remote sensing, a satellite and aircraft-based sensor technology used to spot and categorize objects on Earth, can be used in Earth Science disciplines such as geography, ecology, and land surveying etc. Based on these useful applications of remote sensing, we propose that this technology may be used for dispute resolution of the land demarcations and fragmentation issues. Many countries have already entered into all the five space treaties and are taking further steps to consolidate their respective space law and policy. It is required that the government of Pakistan together with the national space agency work on formulating an effective space legislation for e country.

Lying on the dynamic capabilities perspective, organizational citizenship behavior for the environment and literature on green environmental management and performance as theoretical underpinnings, this study examines how adaptive capability and environmental behavior affect corporate sustainability performance and financial performance. To this aim, it relies on the use of the partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach to analyze the data collected from 311 ISO 14001 certified firms in Saudi Arabia. The empirical analysis of the data reveals that, as it was hypothesized, both adaptive capability and environmental behavior have a positive and significant effect on corporate sustainability performance as well as on financial performance. In addition, the results demonstrate that corporate sustainability performance partially mediates the links between the two antecedent (exogenous) constructs and the endogenous construct (financial performance). This study may provide useful implications for cleaner production scholars and practitioners, that may enable them to better grasp the importance of training their employees in competencies such as adaptation and change detection and management, as well as to develop a pro-environmental behavior.

Stress is a physiological consequence of the body to adversity. The gut-brain axis and probiotics are gaining interest to provide better treatment for stress and other neurological disorders. Probiotic (

The design of a 4 × 4 MIMO antenna for UWB communication systems is presented in this study. The single antenna element is comprised of a fractal circular ring structure backed by a modified partial ground plane having dimensions of 30 × 30 mm2. The single antenna element has a wide impedance bandwidth of 9.33 GHz and operates from 2.67 GHz to 12 GHz. Furthermore, the gain of a single antenna element increases as the frequency increases, with a peak realized gain and antenna efficiency of 5 dBi and >75%, respectively. For MIMO applications, a 4 × 4 array is designed and analyzed. The antenna elements are positioned in a plus-shaped configuration to provide pattern as well as polarization diversity. It is worth mentioning that good isolation characteristics are achieved without the utilization of any isolation enhancement network. The proposed MIMO antenna was fabricated and tested, and the results show that it provides UWB response from 2.77 GHz to over 12 GHz. The isolation between the antenna elements is more than 15 dB. Based on performance attributes, it can be said that the proposed design is suitable for UWB MIMO applications.

This ethnographic encounter explores the historical, cultural, and political erasure faced by the Pashtuns in the formal educational institutions of Pakistan. Besides this erasure, Pashtuns are see...

Mobile agent technology is an active research topic and has found its uses in various diverse areas ranging from simple personal assistance to complex distributed big data systems. Its usage permits offline and autonomous execution as compared to classical distributed systems. The free roaming nature of agents makes it prone to several security threats during its transit state, with an added overhead in its interoperability among different types of platforms. To address these problems, both software and hardware based approaches have been proposed to ensure protection at various transit points. However, these approaches do not ensure interoperability and protection to agents during transit over a channel, simultaneously. In this regard, an agent requires a trustworthy, interoperable, and adaptive protocol for secure migration. In this paper, to answer these research issues, we first analyse security flaws in existing agent protection frameworks. Second, we implemented a novel migration architecture which is: 1) fully inter-operable compliance to the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) and 2) trustworthy based on Computing Trusted Platform Module (TPM). The proposed approach is validated by testing on software TPM of IBM, JSR321, and jTPMTools as TPM and Trusted Computing Software Stack (TSS) interfaces, JADE-agent framework and 7Mobility Service (JIPMS). Validation is also performed on systems bearing physical TPM-chips. Moreover, some packages of JIPMS are also modified by embedding our proposed approach into their functions. Our performance results show that our approach merely adds an execution overhead during the binding and unbinding phases