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Despite criticisms of Karl Popper's theory of falsifiability for the demarcation between science and non-science, mainly pseudoscience, this criterion is still very useful, and perfectly valid after its refinement by Popper and his followers. Moreover, even in its initial version, considered by Lakatos as "dogmatic", Popper did not state that this methodology is an absolute criterion of demarcation: a single counter-example is not enough to falsify a theory; moreover, a theory can legitimately be saved from falsification by introducing an auxiliary hypothesis. Compared to Kuhn's theory of revolutions, which he himself later renounced by turning it into a theory of "micro-revolutions", I believe that Popper's demarcation methodology, together with the further development he proposed, including the corroboration and verisimilitude, while imperfect, is not only valid today, but is still the best demarcation methodology. For my argument, I have used Popper's main works dealing with this issue, and his main critics and supporters. After a brief introduction to Karl Popper, and an introduction to the problem of demarcation and the methodology of falsifiability, I review the main criticisms and arguments of his supporters, emphasizing that Popper never equated falsifiability with refutation. Finally, I present my own conclusions on this issue.

The singularities from the general relativity resulting by solving Einstein's equations were and still are the subject of many scientific debates: Are there singularities in spacetime, or not? Big Bang was an initial singularity? If singularities exist, what is their ontology? Is the general theory of relativity a theory that has shown its limits in this case? In this essay I argue that there are singularities, and the general theory of relativity, as any other scientific theory at present, is not valid for singularities. But that does not mean, as some scientists think, that it must be regarded as being obsolete. After a brief presentation of the specific aspects of Newtonian classical theory and the special theory of relativity, and a brief presentation of the general theory of relativity, the chapter Ontology of General Relativity presents the ontological aspects of general relativity. The next chapter, Singularities, is dedicated to the presentation of the singularities resulting in general relativity, the specific aspects of the black holes and the event horizon, including the Big Bang debate as original singularity, and arguments for the existence of the singularities. In Singularity Ontology, I am talking about the possibilities of ontological framing of singularities in general and black holes in particular, about the hole argument highlighted by Einstein, and the arguments presented by scientists that there are no singularities and therefore that the general theory of relativity is in deadlock. In Conclusions I outline and summarize briefly the arguments that support my above views.

The interpretation of Isaac Newton's texts has raised many controversies to this day. One of the most heated debates is related to the action between two bodies at a distance from each other (gravitational attraction), and to what extent Newton involved God in this case. Basically, most works discuss four types of gravitational attractions in the case of bodies at a distance: direct action at a distance as an intrinsic property of bodies in the Epicurean sense; direct action at a distance divinely mediated by God; action at a distance mediated through a material ether; or action at a distance mediated through an immaterial ether. The purpose of this paper is to argue his own opinion according to which Newton categorically refused the types of direct action as an intrinsic property of bodies, and remote action mediated by a material ether. As for the other two types of action, direct by divine intervention and mediated by an immaterial environment, Newton stated several times that he did not know the exact cause of gravity, but in both cases he implicated God directly in the first case and as being the primary cause (medium/ether being the secondary cause) in the immaterially mediated action. But as an acknowledgment of direct action at a distance might have given some credit to those who thought that gravity might be essential to matter, and consequently to atheism, Newton never openly admitted to accepting the possibility of such an idea. Towards the end of his life, Newton leaned more towards action at a distance mediated by an immaterial ether.

A guide for and about Rotarians, Rotary International, Rotary clubs, and programs funded by Rotary International. The main goal for Rotary is to serve – in the community, at work, everywhere in the world. The 1.2 million Rotarians in more than 34,000 clubs in almost every country in the world are all dedicated to the ideal of service above self. Rotary clubs are accessible to people of all cultures and ethnicities, and are not affiliated with any political or religious organization. The Rotarian family extends beyond Rotarians as individuals and Rotary clubs, to include other individuals who aim to serve by contributing to the organization's work. Groups such as Rotaract, Interact, and Rotary Community Corps serve alongside their sponsoring clubs, using their diverse skills to improve the quality of life in their communities We are 1.2 million neighbors, friends, and community leaders working together to create positive, sustainable change in our communities and around the world. Our different occupations, cultures and countries give us a unique perspective. Our shared passion to serve helps us accomplish remarkable achievements.

One of the oldest Internet marketing guides, but also one of the most concise and practical guides. Although many years have passed since it was written, the basic principles described here remain valid. Internet marketing uses the Internet to sell goods and services. Internet marketing includes paid click-based advertising, banner advertising, email marketing, search engine marketing (including search engine optimization), marketing through blogs and articles, etc. Good reading!

An introduction to the interrelated concepts of corruption, globalization through international financial institutions, and neocolonialism understood as the exploitation of resources and raw materials of poor and developing countries by some large multinational corporations. Corruption is both a major cause and result of poverty throughout the world. It appears at all levels of society, from local and national authorities, to civil society, the judicial system, large and small businesses, military units, etc. Systemic corruption (or endemic corruption) is corruption, which is primarily due to the weak points of an organization or process. This can be contrasted with corrupt individual officials or agents within the system. Factors that encourage systemic corruption include conflicting incentives, discretionary powers, monopoly powers, lack of transparency, low wages, and a culture of impunity. among the specific acts of corruption are bribery, blackmail, and misappropriation of funds, in a system where corruption becomes the rule rather than the exception. Neocolonialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural forces to control a country, instead of direct military or political control. Such control can be economic, cultural, or linguistic. Corporate companies belonging to the imposed culture can penetrate the markets of these countries much more easily. Thus, neocolonialism is the final result of some business or geopolitical interests obtained through the deformation of the culture of the colonized countries. Following an ideology known as neoliberalism, and spread by similar financial institutions, known as the "Washington Consensus", structural adjustment policies were imposed to ensure debt repayment and economic restructuring. But, in reality, poor countries were asked to reduce their spending on health, education and development, making a priority of debt repayment and other favorable economic policies for developed countries. Practically, the IMF and the World Bank asked poor countries to reduce the standard of living of the population. Corruption, corporate state crimes, and organized crime are anyway considered both international crimes and state crimes at the national level. In most cases state crime is considered applicable when the state directly engages in excessive secrecy and cover-up of illegal activities, disinformation, and superficial or even incorrect financial records (which encourage tax evasion in the case of some government officials), often reflecting the interests of only certain social classes and group interests, and thus violating human rights. Corruption involves at least one person who corrupts, one corrupt person, and a large mass of inert victims. It's everyone's fault!

Beginner's guide to computer maintenance and troubleshooting, with an introduction to computer concepts, hardware, software (including operating systems), and Internet security. A general-purpose computer has four main components: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, memory, and input and output devices (collectively called I/O). These parts are interconnected by buses, often made of groups of wires. The defining characteristic of modern computers, which distinguishes them from all other machines, is that they can be programmed. This assumes that a certain type of instructions (program) can be implemented in the computer, which will process them. Modern computers, based on the von Neumann architecture, often have machine code in the form of an imperative programming language.

A small guide to political concepts for politicians and activists. Politics is the process of making decisions by groups of people. The term applies to civil governments, but this process has been observed in all interactions between human groups, including corporate, academic, and religious institutions. It consists of "social relations involving authority or power" and refers to the regulation of political units, and to the methods and tactics used to formulate and implement policy. Samuel Gompers' maxim, often paraphrased as "Reward friends and punish enemies," refers to two of the five types of power recognized by social psychologists: incentive power (the power to reward) and coercive power (the power to punish). The other three powers derive from these. The power of legitimacy, the power of a policeman or decision maker, is the power given to a person by a recognized authority to impose standards of behavior. Legitimacy power is similar to coercive power in that unacceptable behavior is punished more or less directly. The power of decision is held by people by virtue of certain skills or attitudes. Fulfilling the desire to feel like a celebrity or a hero is the reward for obedience. This is an example of incentive power where a person rewards himself. The power of the expert derives from education and experience. It should be noted that the power of the expert is conditional on the circumstances.

The modern town of Drobeta Turnu Severin has a relatively new history. It made its appearance on the map of Romania and on that of the world following General Pavel Kiseleff’s decree on the 22nd of April, 1833. The town got its name from the majestic remains of the Severin Fortress which used to look down the Danube and surrounding region at some ancient times. It was erected following a pre-established plan, with wide streets falling perpendicularly onto the Danube or running parallel to it. Drobeta Turnu Severin has warm summers and mild winters, meaning the city is home to magnolia trees, Caucasian nut trees, and gingko biloba as well as the almond trees, figs, lilacs, lindens, and chestnut trees more common throughout Europe. The museum of the Iron Gates Hydropower Station together with the Turbine Hall, the Vodita Monastery, as well as the St. Ann Monastery of Orsova can be easily reached from Turnu Severin. It is from this region that the wonderful area of Cazane becomes accessible both by water and by land. ,,Turnu Severin shows itself in the sunset as in the middle of a decor. Widened, the Danube cuts a curve in the Romanian bank and pushes the town up on a top coverd with trees, the thicket of which discloses overlapped houses enveloped in red hallow dies… A western town with beautiful buildings, great schools, wide and straight streets…”