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Objective: Previously, low-dose radiation therapy was used for pneumonia treatment. We aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of carbon nanoparticles labeled with Technetium isotope (99mTc) in a form of ultradispersed aerosol in combination with standard COVID-19 therapy. The study was a randomized phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trial of low-dose radionuclide inhalation therapy for patients with COVID-19 related pneumonia. Method: We enrolled 47 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection and early laboratory signs of cytokine storm and randomized them into the Treatment and Control groups. We analyzed blood parameters reflecting the COVID-19 severity and inflammatory response. Results: Low-dose 99mTc-labeled inhalation showed a minimal accumulation of radionuclide in lungs in healthy volunteers. We observed no significant differences between the groups before treatment in WBC-count, D-dimer, CRP, Ferritin or LDH levels. We found that Ferritin and LDH levels significantly raised after the 7th day follow-up only in the Control group (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005, respectively), while mean values of the same indicators did not change in patients in the Treatment group after the radionuclide treatment. D-dimer values also lowered in the radionuclide treated group, however, this effect was not statistically significant. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in CD19+ cell counts in patients of the radionuclide-treated group. Conclusion: Inhalation low-dose radionuclide therapy of 99mTc aerosol affects the major prognostic indicators of COVID-19- related pneumonia restraining inflammatory response. Overall, we identified no evidence of major adverse events in the group receiving radionuclide.

Sapropel is natural organic material, which is used in many industries, such as agriculture, medicine, pharmaceutical, manufacture of energy carriers and building materials. However, the widespread use of sapropel is associated with its high hydrophilicity and moisture capacity, leading to technological difficulties with sapropel dehydration to required humidity, depending on its further application. The article discusses various aspects sapropel beneficial application, primarily the advantages of the use of sapropel as a fertilizer for cultivated areas, and for the reclamation of industri-al wastelands and mined lands. As a part of this study, experimental research of the qualitative and quantitative parameters of sapropel of Savelievskoye field of the Yaroslavl region was conducted. Based on the results of this research, the nature of the high hydrophilicity of sapropel of Savelievskoye field and the possibilities of reducing its humidity for the production of fertilizers is revealed.

Subject. The technique of immediate dental implantation, analysis of its results and treatment protocol improvement. Aim. To increase the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of patients with chronic periodontitis and traumatic tooth fracture (with indications for extraction) based on the improvement of the protocol for the operation of one-stage dental implantation. Methodology. In the period from 2020 to 2022, on the basis of the Department of Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial surgery department of the RUDN University and Sechenov University, the immediate dental implantation was performed in 20 patients with a diagnosis of Chronic periodontitis and tooth fracture (K.04.5, S02.5 ICD-10) (with indications for their removal ) with the installation of 20 dental implants: Osstem Implant (South Korea) – 10 units (50%), IRIS (Russia) – 10 units (50%). In all cases, the gingival cuff shapers were installed simultaneously. If necessary, osteoplastic materials and gingival autografts were used. The installation of dental implants was carried out with a depth of 2–3 mm, depending on the jaw section, and was displaced orally with a minimum distance to the vestibular cortical plate of 1.5 mm. Results. At the end of our study, no complications were identified, 100% integration of implants was obtained, as well as their 100% survival and stability, both according to CBCT data, and according to the results of a follow-up examination 12 months after permanent prosthetics restorations. Conclusion. According to the results of our study, immediate implantation made it possible to carry out a full-fledged rehabilitation of patients if tooth extraction was necessary, to reduce the overall treatment time in the absence of complications in the postoperative period.

This article is the description of three clinical cases of the application of a new echocardiographic technique — the estimation of the left ventricular (LV) myocardial work parameters by constructing pressure - strain loops in patients with arterial hypertension, hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. The specific variations of global and regional LV myocardial work indices distribution, typical for each pathology, are clearly demonstrated, the results of current scientific studies on each disease are also briefly presented.

One of the solutions to the issue of energy saving and energy efficiency in railway passenger transport is connected with the development of new innovative devices and electric heating systems that provide the comfortable temperature conditions for passengers. We consider one of the variants of an energy-saving and energy-efficient electric heating system based on the heat-generating electromechanical converter created on the basis of the stator of a conventional asynchronous motor. This converter combins the functions of a heating element and a device for moving the heated coolant. The device is designed for offline operation. The useful use of heating of the structural units of the device, which plays a negative role in a conventional electromechanical converter, leads to an increase in the efficiency of the device and the entire heating system. Based on thermal and hydraulic calculations we have developed a heating system and a layout the scheme of the selected elements in relation to a compartment passenger car.

The article presents the results of archaeoparasitological and palynological research of the cultural layers located in the ancient Artesian settlement in the Eastern Crimea. The study revealed the species composition of parasites and palynological spectrum in the cultural layers. Parasite eggs distribution over the layers indicates high content of eggs in almost all periods of the citadel’s existence. High abundance of geohelminth eggs in the studied samples, which might belong to both humans and domestic animals, indicates the unsatisfactory sanitary state of the settlement and the constant risk of infection with geohelminthiasis and intestinal infections possessing the same fecal-oral route of transmission. Features of the studied spore-pollen spectra do not allow a detailed reconstruction of the vegetation dynamics in the vicinity of the Artezian fortress at the turn of the millennium. The major reason is complexity of spectra formation: in addition to pollen deposited from the air (pollen rain), a significant proportion consists of pollen grains brought from other sources. Furthermore, interpretation of the spore-pollen spectra is complicated by presence of a large number of microcharcoals and burnt pollen grains. Despite the above-mentioned challenges in the study of samples from the cultural layers of the Artezian archaeological site using spore-pollen method, we have determined that the inhabitants of the settlement probably used animal dung as fuel, and that at the turn of the millennium, forestless open landscapes covered with steppe vegetation were predominant around the settlement. An important result of the study is the demonstration of unexplored opportunities to investigate cultural layers by archaeoparasitological and palynological methods and of the obtained data use as a source of bioarchaeological information.

Annotation Approbation of osteoplastic materials with the study of the mechanisms and development of methods of osteoregeneration remains one of the topical areas of research in surgical and orthopedic dentistry, requiring an integrated approach at various levels of organization of living systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate osteoregeneration in a model of bone diastasis using "BAK-1000" in combination with VEGF-stimulated MSCs. Materials and methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 45) were divided into two groups: I – control (n = 15) and experimental – II (n = 15) and III (n = 15). The creation of the osseointegration model included two surgical stages: at the first stage, MSCs were cultured; on the second stage, osteotomy was performed (groups I–III), the resulting defects were filled with implant material (groups II, III) in combination with autologous MSCs (only group III). Results. On the 120th day after completion of the second stage of the operation in group II, a low intensity of angiogenesis and osteogenesis was observed with partial local destruction of the cellular canalicular matrix. Group III showed moderate osteoregeneration and intense angiogenesis. However, in both groups, the formation of yellow microcrystals caused the development of signs of necrobiosis. Discussion. On the basis of the study, it was found that in groups II and III in the peri-implantation tissue, there was indeed a sharp hyperplasia of blood vessels, which was combined in time with the initial signs of osteogenesis. The identified negative changes in the peri-implant area were probably associated with the biological properties of the implanted material. Conclusions. There were no signs of pronounced osteoregeneration, and the proposed method for eliminating a bone defect using BAK-1000 in combination with VEGF-stimulated MSCs can be considered ineffective.

The aim of overview is to present the pooled data of published internal dose estimates and the results of corresponding analysis of internal irradiation features of experimental mice and rats after exposure to sprayed neutron activated radioactive 56MnO2. These dose estimates were conducted in a framework of multicenter international study to investigate biological effects as a result of exposure to sprayed radioactive 56MnO2 microparticles. Radionuclide 56Mn (T1/2 = 2.58 h) is one of the main gamma-beta emitters during the first hours after neutron activation of soil following nuclear explosion. It was concluded that there are three groups of organs of mice and rats, the radiation doses of which differ by approximately an order of magnitude: the group with the highest radiation doses (large and small intestine, stomach, skin and lungs), the group with lowered radiation doses (eyes, esophagus, trachea), the group with the lowest radiation doses (liver, heart, kidneys). The radiation doses to organs are proportional to the activity of the sprayed radioactive powder. The distribution of internal radiation doses among organs of experimental mice of different strains but of the same age was practically the same in case of exposure to the same activity of sprayed 56MnO2 powder. Doses of internal irradiation of experimental mice substantially exceed the doses of internal irradiation of experimental rats exposed to the same activities of the sprayed 56MnO2 powder. The data presented in the overview can be helpful for further investigation and for interpretation of the biological effects of this type of irradiation.

The problem of differentiating between primary irradiation and exposure due to residual radioactivity following A-bombing (including beta-exposure), is the subject of special attention and discussions in order to understand the health effects following the Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bombings, especially among newcomers to cities soon after the detonations. In this work, the method of single quartz grain luminescence retrospective dosimetry was applied for a retrospective estimation of the ‘dose-depth’ profile in a quartz-containing tile extracted from the building of former Hiroshima University (HU), which was a ‘witness’ of the Hiroshima atomic bombing on the 6 August 1945. It has been shown that results of retrospective estimates of the ‘dose-depth’ profile using the method of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from inclusions of quartz grains in very thin layers of the sample, in combination with the calculations of the ‘dose-depth’ profile using the Monte Carlo method, indicates the possible presence of beta irradiation of thin layers of the sample located near the surface of the tile facing the air, where there is no electronic equilibrium from gamma radiation.

Estimates of external absorbed dose in experimental animals exposed to sprayed neutron-activated 56Mn powder are necessary for comparison with internal absorbed doses estimated under the same exposure conditions, which is required for a correct interpretation of the observed biological effects. It has been established that the measured dose of external absorbed dose as a result of gamma irradiation range 1–15 mGy, which is order of magnitude less than the maximal dose of internal gamma and beta irradiation of the whole body of the same experimental animals irradiated under the same conditions: according to the available literature data, the maximal values ​​of absorbed dose of internal gamma-beta irradiation of the whole body are in the range of 330 mGy–1200 mGy for mice and 100 mGy–150 mGy for rats. It is concluded that under the conditions of experiments with dispersed neutron-activated powder 56MnO2, internal gamma-beta irradiation of experimental animals is the main factor of radiation exposure compared to external gamma irradiation.

Manganese-56 (56Mn) was one of the dominant neutron-activated radionuclides during the first hours following the atomic-bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The radiation spectrum of 56Mn and the radiation emission from excited levels of 56Fe following 56Mn beta-decay include gamma-quanta, beta-particles, Auger electrons and X-rays. The dispersion of neutron activated 56Mn in the air can lead to entering of radioactive microparticles into the lungs. The investigation of spatial microdistribution of an internal dose in biological tissue exposed to 56Mn is an important matter with regards to the possible elevated irradiation of the lung alveoli and alveolar ducts. The Monte Carlo code (MCNP-4C) was used for the calculation of absorbed doses in biological tissue around 56Mn dioxide microparticles. The estimated absorbed dose has a very essential gradient in the epithelium cells of lung alveoli and alveolar duct: from 61 mGy/decay on the surface of simple squamous cells of epithelium to 0.15 mGy/decay at distance of 0.3 μm, which is maximal cell thickness. It has been concluded that epithelial cells of these pulmonary microstructures are selectively irradiated by low-energy electrons: short-range component of beta-particles spectrum and Auger electrons. The data obtained are important for the interpretation of biological experiments implementing dispersed neutron-activated 56Mn dioxide powder.

Here, we examined the expression of ceramide metabolism enzymes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) of 30 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 30 patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) by means of quantitative polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent Western blotting. The EAT of patients with CAD showed higher expression of the genes responsible for ceramide biosynthesis (SPTLC1, SPTLC2, CERS1, 5, 6, DEGS1, and SMPD1) and utilization (ASAH1, SGMS1). PVAT was characterized by higher mRNA levels of CERS3, CERS4, DEGS1, SMPD1, and ceramide utilization enzyme (SGMS2). In patients with VHD, there was a high CERS4, DEGS1, and SGMS2 expression in the EAT and CERS3 and CERS4 expression in the PVAT. Among patients with CAD, the expression of SPTLC1 in SAT and EAT, SPTLC2 in EAT, CERS2 in all studied AT, CERS4 and CERS5 in EAT, DEGS1 in SAT and EAT, ASAH1 in all studied AT, and SGMS1 in EAT was higher than in those with VHD. Protein levels of ceramide-metabolizing enzymes were consistent with gene expression trends. The obtained results indicate an activation of ceramide synthesis de novo and from sphingomyelin in cardiovascular disease, mainly in EAT, that contributes to the accumulation of ceramides in this location.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is accompanied by alterations to root cell metabolism and physiology, and to the pathways of orthophosphate (Pi) entry into the root, which increase with Pi delivery to cortical cells via arbuscules. How AM symbiosis influences the Pi content and Pi response dynamics of cells in the root cortex and epidermis is unknown. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Pi biosensors, we mapped the relative cytosolic and plastidic Pi content of Brachypodium distachyon mycorrhizal root cells, analyzed responses to extracellular Pi and traced extraradical hyphae-mediated Pi transfer to colonized cells. Colonized cortical cells had a higher cytosolic Pi content relative to noncolonized cortical and epidermal cells, while plastidic Pi content was highest in cells at the infection front. Pi application to the entire mycorrhizal root resulted in transient changes in cytosolic Pi that differed in direction and magnitude depending on cell type and arbuscule status; cells with mature arbuscules showed a substantial transient increase in cytosolic Pi while those with collapsed arbuscules showed a decrease. Directed Pi application to extraradical hyphae resulted in measurable changes in cytosolic Pi of colonized cells 18 h after application. Our experiments reveal that cells within a mycorrhizal root vary in Pi content and Pi response dynamics.

The etching solution is used to remove the inert surface layer of the hard tissues of the tooth, change the wetting parameters and create conditions for micromechanical adhesion. The most commonly used gel is 37% orthophosphoric acid. However, silicic acid as a thickener in the composition of etching gels, when interacting with hydroxyapatite of the tooth, gives a precipitate in the form of silicon oxide — silica. Scanning electron microscopy makes it possible to see the accumulation of round silica nanoparticles, approximately 20–40 nm in diameter. According to studies, the formation of silica particles does not affect the quality of restoration, so there is no need to remove them from the surface of demineralized dentin. The purpose of this review article is to study scientific data on the formation of an insoluble precipitate after the interaction of inorganic acid in the form of a gel with components of the inorganic enamel matrix (hydroxyapatite), and its effect on the adhesion quality of the filling material. Materials and methods: Electronic search of articles was carried out using search engines and databases Google Scholar, Pub Med. The articles are included, the content of which concerns the topic of determining the sediment formed when etching the tooth surface with orthophosphoric gel. The publication date criterion has been selected since 2011. Results: 69 articles were reviewed during the review process. After analyzing the literature according to the inclusion criteria, the total number was 20 publications. Conclusion: When etching dentin with a solution of orthophosphoric acid in the form of a gel, a precipitate of silicon oxide is formed. This is due to the presence of a thickener in the gel in the form of silicic acid. Silicic acid, or silica gel, reacts chemically with hydroxyapatite of the tooth. As a result, silica is formed, which remains on the surface of demineralized dentin in the form of round nanoparticles with a size of 20–40 nm. According to studies, the formation of silica particles does not affect the quality of restoration, so there is no need to remove them from the surface of demineralized dentin.

A clinical case of successful conservative treatment of radiation injuries (RI) of the pelvic organs (late radiation ulcerative-necrotic epithelitis of the vagina – ulceration of the vagina, late radiation ulcerative-necrotic cystitis and late radiation hemorrhagic rectitis) after CRT cervical cancer IIB art. (cT2bN0M0) is presented. There are still no standards for the treatment of RI either in our country or abroad. After treatment, the patient is observed in our department for 5 years (every six months) without relapses and progression of the main oncological disease and exacerbations of radiation injuries. This pathology is an important object for study. In the absence of the effectiveness of conservative treatment, endoscopic or subsequent surgical intervention is indicated. Keywords: cervical cancer; chemoradiotherapy; radiation injuries; vaginal radiation epithelitis (ulceration of the vagina); radiation cystitis; radiation rectitis (radiation proctitis).

Supplementary Table 1 from hsa-miR-29c* Is Linked to the Prognosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

The monograph is devoted to the main trends in the development of the world economy between the two crises: The Great Recession of 2008-2009 and the crisis of 2020-2021 caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The authors reveal numerous contradictions that accumulated in the global economy during this period and reached their peak by the time the pandemic began. These contradictions are grouped into four groups corresponding to the sections: structural problems affecting the nature of economic growth; contradictions in the development of the financial system; problems of social development and the evolution of the welfare state; energy and resource-environmental problems. The authors demonstrate that the economic turmoil, the growth of political tension within the leading countries and the intensification of conflict in international relations in recent years are largely a reflection of humanity's inability to find an answer to these and other contradictions. The system of global regulation, which has entered a period of deep crisis, is particularly unable to keep up with the changes taking place in the global economy. It is the result of a three-year research project implemented at the Faculty of World Economy and World Politics of the National Research University Higher School of Economics. The team of authors includes 18 authors from Russian and foreign universities, research centers and international organizations who are recognized experts on various problems of the world economy. The chapters prepared by them are structured according to a single logic: from problem formulation to a review of theories, a description of existing approaches to solving problems, obstacles in their implementation and, ultimately, to identifying key challenges of the future. Such a structure allows us to present a comprehensive picture of the form in which the world economy has come to a critical moment of its development. For students and postgraduates of economic specialties. It will be useful for teachers developing courses on the world economy and its individual aspects, as well as for the general public interested in global challenges and problems.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the key causes and factors of changing trends in the demographic development of the countries of the North and South in the context of fundamental demographic theories. The mechanisms of adjustment of reproductive behavior and their impact on the dynamics of fertility in the regions of the world are analyzed. The features of the demographic transition in the countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America are considered, as well as the author’s forecasts about the likely dynamics of the population in these regions are given. In sub-Saharan Africa, rapid population growth continues and will continue at least until the end of the century. If the trajectory of fertility in Africa repeats its decline in other regions of the world, then by the end of the century the average total fertility rate will fall to the level of simple reproduction there, and the population will grow from the current 1 billion to 2.1 billion people in the middle of the century and 3.8 billion people at the end of the century. The critical analysis of the first and second theories of demographic transition in the conditions of modern society and specific national characteristics of the countries of the world is carried out. The conclusion provides a theoretical and practical analysis of family and demographic policies, as well as their prospects in modern conditions.

The state economic development is largely determined by the effectiveness of its individual structural elements. Among them, a special place is occupied by trends in the mineral sector, which dictates the requirements and mechanisms for the development of natural resources, creating the basis for a national strategy. However in this area there are a number of unsolved problems, which include: a low level of rational use of machine-technological mining systems from under the water with minimal man-made impact. The authors consider existing and alternative extraction methods of peat raw materials. The tasks facing the mineral re-source sector can be solved through technological priority developments of aggregated extraction complexes for the peat raw materials and the equipment modernization for mining complexes. The analysis is carried out and recommendations are made for the working equipment modernization of the aggregated mining complex. Variants of the excavator excavation bucket for the extraction of peat raw materials from under water have been proposed. The results of studies on primary dehydration, combining mining and dewatering cycles in a bucket, are presented; the work gives the recommendations on the bucket use and the expediency of operating the mining machine's extraction body when extracting peat raw materials.

Previous empirical studies on bullwhip effects treat each industry or firm as isolated from its supply chain network. In this paper, the authors are interested in the role played by supply chain relational connection in moderating how demand variability signal is transmitted upstream. The paper conducts an empirical study based on a panel data of 55 manufacturing industries and 9 wholesale industries. The regression analysis shows that demand variability is propagated through supply chain upward and the transmission is influenced by the structural relationship between suppliers and customers, which is measured by customer-base concentration and customer interconnectedness. On the other hand, customer demand variability has a greater impact on industries with less concentrated customer base or with less interconnected customers.

"Head and neck (H&N) cancers are in the 7-8th place among all types of cancer. Despite novel approaches in cancer treatment, most of the patients have a high risk of loco-regional recurrence. Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a very rare H&N neoplasm, accounting for only 3-6% of all intranasal tumors. These tumors usually are presented with locally advanced stages and required radiotherapy as a part of the comprehensive treatment. Loco-regional failures represent a challenge, and re-irradiation can be effective for some groups of patients. We present a case of re-irradiation with protons of sinonasal tumor in a 49-years old patient with recurrent ENB, involving visual structures. We achieved a 5-year positive local control after the proton therapy (PT), without significant toxicity.The case shows an example of re-irradiation as an essential area for PT application,given the need to maximize the treatment's efficacy and minimize the risk of severetoxicity."

The aim of the research is to develop a structural and functional model of cyberspace as an element of its mathematical (analytical and simulation) model, which allows us to study the properties of cyberspace. Formation of the terminological basis of the research area. Research methods: theory of complex systems, synergetics. Research result: a structural and functional model has been developed that describes the process of forming information services based on cyberspace resources. In relation to cyberspace, the concept of “symbiont” is introduced as a universal concept that allows describing any element of cyberspace and its resources. The following terms are defined: cyberspace, information, computing and telecommunications resource. In addition, the formalization of resources and information services provided by cyberspace is presented. An example of forming an information service based on cyberspace resources is shown.