Search

We study the sedimentation of suspensions of monodisperse non-Brownian particles in a shear-thinning polymeric fluid. We observe the formation of particle-rich structures and show that they are associated with a well-defined flow pattern. The results suggest that the observed structuring is a consequence of particle aggregation that amplifies concentration heterogeneities, the flow pattern being further driven by a gravitational instability.

A single lipid molecular bilayer of 17 or 18 carbon chain phosphocholines, floating in water near a flat wall, is prepared in the bilayer gel phase and then heated to the fluid phase. Its structure (electron density profile) and height fluctuations are determined by using x-ray reflectivity and nonspecular scattering. By fitting the off-specular signal to that calculated for a two-dimensional membrane using a Helfrich Hamiltonian, we determine the three main physical quantities that govern the bilayer height fluctuations: The wall attraction potential is unexpectedly low; the surface tension, roughly independent on chain length and temperature, is moderate (≈5 × 10 –4 J·m –2 ) but large enough to dominate the intermediate range of the fluctuation spectrum; and the bending modulus abruptly decreases by an order-of-magnitude from 10 –18 J to 10 –19 J at the bilayer gel-to-fluid transition.

We study the structure and dynamics of a transient network composed of droplets of microemulsion connected by telechelic polymers. The polymer induces a bridging attraction between droplets without changing their shape. A viscoelastic behaviour is induced in the initially liquid solution, characterised in the linear regime by a stretched exponential stress relaxation. We analyse this relaxation in the light of classical theories of transient networks. The role of the elastic reorganisations in the deformed network is emphasized. In the non linear regime, a fast relaxation dynamics is followed by a second one having the same rate as in the linear regime. This behaviour, under step strain experiments, should induce a non monotonic behaviour in the elastic component of the stress under constant shear rate. However, we obtain in this case a singularity in the flow curve very different from the one observed in other systems, that we interpret in terms of fracture behaviour., 9 pages, 4 figures

During pendant drop experiments, a model physical gel made from oil in water microemulsion droplets reversibly linked together by triblock copolymers, exhibit a very peculiar filament rupture corresponding to highly brittle failure of a viscoelastic fluid. The fracture propagation has been tracked by high speed videomicroscopy. Analysis of the time evolution of the fracture profile shows that the fracture is purely elastic and reversible without any significant bulk and interfacial viscous dissipation. However, since the elastic moduli of such complex fluids are low, hyper elastic corrections have to be taken into account for a quantitative analysis of the fracture profile. This brittle behavior is well explained by a hyperelastic generalization of the viscoelastic trumpet model of de Gennes. The velocity of the fracture's propagation is measured and compared to the predictions of a simple microscopic model.

This thesis deals with the study of granular media composed of soft particles. It relies on the one hand on the method of Digital Image Correlation(DIC) and on the other hand, on simulations coupling the Finite Element Method and the Contact Dynamics method, taking into account the high deformability of particles and interactions between particles. For a wide range of complex materials (elastic, plastic and solid foam), the preliminary study of radially compressed single particles validates the DIC technique for strain field measurements, and for the determination of the strain energy for elastic materials. Macroscopic and micro-structural quantities such as packing fraction, coordination, elastic energy, probability density of the contact force as well as strain energy density, are measured and compared between the numerical and experimental results in particular in the regime where the deformations of the particles are large. The quantitative agreement between these approaches makes it possible to validate both the experimental method for the study of granular media with deformable particles, and the numerical approach. Based on these results, we conducted a numerical study of the uniaxial compression of a Neo-Hookean cylinder assembly. The effect of friction on the macroscopic and mico-structural parameters is determined, even when the packing fraction of the system is close to 100%.; Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de milieux granulaires constitués de particules molles. Elle s'appuie d'une part sur la méthode de corrélation d'images numériques (DIC) et d'autre part sur des simulations associant la méthode des éléments finis (FEM) et la méthode de Dynamique des Contacts (CD) permettant de tenir compte de la déformabilité élevée des particules et des interactions entre particules. Pour une large gamme de matériaux complexes (élastique, plastique et mousse solide), l'étude préliminaire de particules uniques comprimées radicalement valide la technique de DIC pour les mesures des champs de déformation, et pour la détermination de l'énergie de déformation pour des matériaux élastiques. Des grandeurs macroscopiques et micro-structurales tels que la compacité, la coordinence, l'énergie élastique, la densité de la probabilité de force de contact ainsi que de la densité d'énergie sont mesurées, et comparées entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux en particulier dans le régime où les déformations des particules sont d'amplitudes finies. L'accord quantitatif entre ces approches permet de valider à la fois la méthode expérimentale pour l'étude de milieux granulaires à particules déformables, et d'autre part l'approche numérique. Forts de ces résultats, nous avons mené une étude numérique de la compression uniaxiale d'un assemblage de cylindres Néo-Hookéens. L'effet du frottement sur les paramètres macroscopiques et mico-structuraux est déterminé, y compris lorsque la compacité du système est proche de 100%

This thesis deals with the study of granular media composed of soft particles. It relies on the one hand on the method of Digital Image Correlation(DIC) and on the other hand, on simulations coupling the Finite Element Method and the Contact Dynamics method, taking into account the high deformability of particles and interactions between particles. For a wide range of complex materials (elastic, plastic and solid foam), the preliminary study of radially compressed single particles validates the DIC technique for strain field measurements, and for the determination of the strain energy for elastic materials. Macroscopic and micro-structural quantities such as packing fraction, coordination, elastic energy, probability density of the contact force as well as strain energy density, are measured and compared between the numerical and experimental results in particular in the regime where the deformations of the particles are large. The quantitative agreement between these approaches makes it possible to validate both the experimental method for the study of granular media with deformable particles, and the numerical approach. Based on these results, we conducted a numerical study of the uniaxial compression of a Neo-Hookean cylinder assembly. The effect of friction on the macroscopic and mico-structural parameters is determined, even when the packing fraction of the system is close to 100%.; Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de milieux granulaires constitués de particules molles. Elle s'appuie d'une part sur la méthode de corrélation d'images numériques (DIC) et d'autre part sur des simulations associant la méthode des éléments finis (FEM) et la méthode de Dynamique des Contacts (CD) permettant de tenir compte de la déformabilité élevée des particules et des interactions entre particules. Pour une large gamme de matériaux complexes (élastique, plastique et mousse solide), l'étude préliminaire de particules uniques comprimées radicalement valide la technique de DIC pour les mesures des champs de déformation, et pour la détermination de l'énergie de déformation pour des matériaux élastiques. Des grandeurs macroscopiques et micro-structurales tels que la compacité, la coordinence, l'énergie élastique, la densité de la probabilité de force de contact ainsi que de la densité d'énergie sont mesurées, et comparées entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux en particulier dans le régime où les déformations des particules sont d'amplitudes finies. L'accord quantitatif entre ces approches permet de valider à la fois la méthode expérimentale pour l'étude de milieux granulaires à particules déformables, et d'autre part l'approche numérique. Forts de ces résultats, nous avons mené une étude numérique de la compression uniaxiale d'un assemblage de cylindres Néo-Hookéens. L'effet du frottement sur les paramètres macroscopiques et mico-structuraux est déterminé, y compris lorsque la compacité du système est proche de 100%