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393 results on '"Scholey, Jonathan M."'

51. Immunolocalization of the heterotrimeric kinesin-related protein KRP (sub 85/95) in the mitotic apparatus of sea urchin embryos

Author

Henson, John H., Cole, Douglas G., Terasaki, Mark, Rashid, Dana, and Scholey, Jonathan M.

Subjects
Proteins -- Analysis, Sea urchin embryo -- Observations, Biological sciences
Abstract

The kinesin-like protein, heterotrimeric kinesin-related protein KRP (sub 85/95), in the sea urchin embryo is associated with the membranous elements in the mitotic apparatus of the dividing embryos. During embryonic cell division, both KRP (sub 85/95) and kinesin act as vesicle motors that transport various classes of membrane on microtubule tracks.

Published
1995

55. Anaphase B spindle dynamics in Drosophila S2 cells: Comparison with embryo spindles

Author

Scholey Jonathan M, Brust-Mascher Ingrid, and de Lartigue Jane

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

Abstract Background In the Drosophila melanogaster syncytial blastoderm stage embryo anaphase B is initiated by a cell cycle switch in which the suppression of microtubule minus end depolymerization and spatial reorganization of the plus ends of outwardly sliding interpolar microtubules triggers spindle elongation. RNA interference in Drosophila cultured S2 cells may present a useful tool for identifying novel components of this switch, but given the diversity of spindle design, it is important to first determine the extent of conservation of the mechanism of anaphase B in the two systems. Results The basic mechanism, involving an inverse correlation between poleward flux and spindle elongation is qualitatively similar in these systems, but quantitative differences exist. In S2 cells, poleward flux is only partially suppressed and the rate of anaphase B spindle elongation increases with the extent of suppression. Also, EB1-labelled microtubule plus ends redistribute away from the poles and towards the interpolar microtubule overlap zone, but this is less pronounced in S2 cells than in embryos. Finally, as in embryos, tubulin FRAP experiments revealed a reduction in the percentage recovery after photobleaching at regions proximal to the pole. Conclusions The basic features of the anaphase B switch, involving the suppression of poleward flux and reorganization of growing microtubule plus ends, is conserved in these systems. Thus S2 cells may be useful for rapidly identifying novel components of this switch. The quantitative differences likely reflect the adaptation of embryonic spindles for rapid, streamlined mitoses.

Published
2011
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60. Force-velocity relationships in kinesin-driven motility

Author

Hall, Kirsten, Cole, Douglas G., Yeh, Yin, Scholey, Jonathan M., and Baskin, Ronald J.

Subjects
Microtubules -- Physiological aspects, Kinesin -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Force-velocity curves obtained with the use of a centrifuge microscope show the maximal isometric force generated per kinesin in kinesin-driven motility is 0.12+ or -0.03 pN per molecule. A detailed explanation of the methodology used to arrive at this figure is included.

Published
1993

61. Every motion has its motor

Author

Gelfand, Vladimir I. and Scholey, Jonathan M.

Subjects
Spindle (Cell division) -- Research, Mitosis -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

New research reported by four groups has illuminated how the cell spindles' motor proteins regulate chromosome segregation. Kenneth E. Sawin and colleagues found that the Eg5 kinesin-like protein may link to the matrix at the spindle pole, leading to spindle pole organization. Tim J. Yen and colleagues and Corey Nislow and colleagues found that the kinesin-like molecules are crucial for mitosis. Finally, A.A. Hyman and colleagues identified a yeast protein complex that attaches to the centromeric DNA that houses the motor activity.

Published
1992

62. Multiple microtubule motors

Author

Scholey, Jonathan M.

Subjects
Kinesin -- Research, Microtubules -- Research, Cells -- Motility, Eukaryotic cells -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Published
1990

66. The sensory cilia of Caenorhabditis elegans

Author

Inglis, Peter N, Ou, Guangshuo, Leroux, Michel R, and Scholey, Jonathan M

Subjects
Disease Models, Animal, Morphogenesis, Animals, Sense Organs, Biological Transport, Cilia, Caenorhabditis elegans, Research Article
Abstract

The non-motile cilium, once believed to be a vestigial cellular structure, is now increasingly associated with the ability of a wide variety of cells and organisms to sense their chemical and physical environments. With its limited number of sensory cilia and diverse behavioral repertoire, C. elegans has emerged as a powerful experimental system for studying how cilia are formed, function, and ultimately modulate complex behaviors. Here, we discuss the biogenesis, distribution, structures, composition and general functions of C. elegans cilia. We also briefly highlight how C. elegans is being used to provide molecular insights into various human ciliopathies, including Polycystic Kidney Disease and Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.

Published
2007

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