187 results on '"Schneider, M. L."'
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52. Crystal structure of a (tetraphenylporphine)silver–tetraphenylporphine molecular solid solution.
- Author
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Schneider, M. L.
- Published
- 1972
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53. The impact of prenatal stress, fetal alcohol exposure, or both on development: perspectives from a primate model
- Author
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Schneider, M. L., Moore, C. F., Kraemer, G. W., Roberts, A. D., and DeJesus, O. T.
- Published
- 2002
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54. 35th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
- Author
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Melander, A., Olsson, J., Lindberg, G., Salzman, A., Howard, T., Stang, P., Lydick, E., Emslie-Smith, A., Boyle, D. I. R., Evans, J. M. M., Macdonald, T. M., Bain, J., Sullivan, F., Juhl, C., Pørksen, N., Sturis, J., Hollingdal, M., Pincus, S., Veldhuis, J., Dejgaard, A., Schmitz, O., Kristensen, J. S., Frandsen, K. B., Bayer, Th., Müller, P., Dunning, B. E., Paladini, S., Gutierrez, C., Deacon, R., Valentin, M., Grunberger, G., Weston, W. M., Patwardhan, R., Rappaport, E. B., Sargeant, L. A., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Zethelius, Björn, Lithell, Hans, Hales, C. Nicholas, Berne, Christian, Lakka, H.-M., Oksanen, L., Tuomainen, T.-P., Kontula, K., Salonen, J. T., Dekker, J. M., de Boks, P., de Vegt, F., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., Heine, R. J., Bruno, G., Cavallo-Perin, P., Bargero, G., D’Errico, N., Borra, M., Macchia, G., Pagano, G., Newton, R. W., Ruta, D. A., New, J. P., Wallace, C., Roxburgh, M. A., Young, R. J., Vaughan, N. J. A., Elliott, P., Brennan, G., Devers, M., MacAlpine, R., Steinke, D., Lawson, D. H., Decallonne, B., Casteels, K., Gysemans, C., Bouillon, R., Mathieu, C., Linn, Thomas, Strate, Christine, Schneider, Kerstin, Funda, D. P., Jirsa, M., Kozáková, H., Kaas, A., Kofronová, O., Tlaskalová-Hogenová, H., Buschard, K., Wanka, H., Hartmann, A., Kuttler, B., Rasmussen, S. B., Sørensen, T. S., Markholst, H., Petersen, J. S., Karounos, D., Dyrberg, T., Mabley, J. G., Haskó, G., Szabó, C., Seissler, J., Nguyen, T. B. T., Steinbrenner, H., Scherbaum, W. A., Cipriani, R., Gabriele, A., Sensi, M., Guidobaldi, L., Pantellini, F., Cerrito, M. G., Scarpa, S., Di Mario, U., Morano, S., Ceolotto, G., Iori, E., Baritono, E., Del Prato, S., Semplicini, A., Trevisan, R., Zerbini, G., Meregalli, G., Asnaghi, V., Tentori, F., Maestroni, A., Mangili, R., Marescotti, C., Vedovato, M., Tiengo, A., Tadjieva, J., Mankovsky, B. N., Van Aken, S., Raes, A., Vande Walle, J., Matthys, D., Craen, M., Hansen, H. P., Lund, S. S., Rossing, P., Jensen, T., Parving, H.-H., Andersen, S., Tarnow, L., Hansen, B. V., Trautner, C., Haastert, B., Ennenbach, N., Willich, S., Tabák, Á. Gy., Orchard, T. J., Spranger, J., Preissner, K. T., Schatz, H., Pfeiffer, A., Cantón, A., Burgos, R., Hernández, C., Lecube, A., Mesa, J., Segura, R. M., Mateo, C., Simó, R., Fathallah, L., Greene, D. A., Obrosova, I., Gilbert, R. E., Kelly, D. J., Cox, A. J., Berka-Wilkinson, J. L., Taylor, H. R., Panagiotopoulos, S., Lee, V., Jerums, G., Cooper, M. E., Hitman, G. A., Aganna, E., Ogunkolade, W. B., Rema, M., Deepa, R., Shanthi-Rani, C. S., Barakat, K., Kumarajeewa, T. R., Cassell, P. G., McDermott, M. F., Mohan, V., Ways, K., Bursell, S., Devries, T., Woodworth, J., Alatorre, C., King, G., Aiello, L. P., Karisen, A. E., Pavlovic, D., Nielsen, K., Jensen, J., Andersen, H. U., Pociot, F., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Eizirik, D. L., Nerup, J., Lortz, S., Tiedge, M., Lenzen, S., Lally, F. J., Bone, A. J., Darville, M. I., Ho, Y.-S., Sternesjö, J., Sandler, S., Chen, M.-C., Schuit, F., Pipeleers, D. G., Merezak, S., Hardikar, A., Hoet, J. J., Remacle, C., Reusens, B., Bréant, B., Garofano, A., Czernichow, P., Kubota, N., Terauchi, Y., Miki, H., Tamemoto, H., Yamauchi, T., Nakano, R., Komeda, K., Eto, K., Tobe, K., Kimura, S., Kadowaki, T., Ide, T., Murakami, K., Tsunoda, M., Mochizuki, T., Ozanne, S. E., Nave, B. T., Wang, C. L., Dorling, M. W., Petry, C. J., Koopmans, S. J., van der Bent, C., Que, I., Radder, J. K., Sebokova, E., Sana, A. K., Klimes, I., Ruderman, N., Morviducci, L., Pastore, L., Morelli, S., Sagratella, E., Zorretta, D., Buongiomo, A., Tamburrano, G., Giaccari, A., Martinenghi, Sabina, De Angelis, Gabriella Cusella, Ravasi, Flavio, Bifari, Francesco, Bordignon, Claudio, Falqui, Luca, Kessler, A., Dransfeld, O., Sasson, S., Tomas, E., Zorzano, A., Eckel, J., Thorsby, P., Rosenfalck, A. M., Kjems, L., Hanssen, K. F., Madsbad, S., Birkeland, K. I., Hamilton-Wessler, M., Markussen, J., Bergman, R. N., Melki, V., Hanaire-Broutin, H., Bessières-Lacombe, S., Tauber, J.-P., Home, P. D., Lindholm, A., Riis, A., Rosenstock, J., Schwartz, S., Clark, C., Edwards, M., Donley, D., Swift, P., Mortensen, H. B., Lynggaard, H., Hougaard, P., Cull, C. A., Neil, H. A. W., Frighi, V., Manley, S. E., Holman, R. R., Turner, R. C., Steiner, G., Davis, W. A., Weeraratna, T., Bruce, D. G., Davis, T. M. E., Vergès, B., Duvillard, L., Pont, F., Florentin, E., Gambert, Ph., Benko, B., Ljubić, S., Turk, Z., Granić, M., März, W., Wollschläger, H., Klein, G., Neiss, A., Wehling, M., Huxtable, S. J., Saker, P. J., Walker, M., Frayling, T. M., Levy, J. C., O’Rahilly, S., Hattersley, A. T., McCarthy, M. I., Orecchio, A., Giacchini, A., Dominici, R., Canettieri, G., Trinti, B., Zani, M., Andreoli, M., Sciacchitano, S., de Silva, A. M., Whitecross, K., Pasco, J., Kotowicz, M., Nicholson, G., Zimmet, P., Boyko, E. J., Collier, G. R., Frittitta, L., Pizzuti, A., Argiolas, A., Graci, S., Goldfine, I. D., Bozzali, M., Ercolino, T., Costanzo, B., Iacoviello, L., Tassi, V., Trischitta, V., Wauters, M., Rankinen, T., Mertens, I., Chagnon, M., Bouchard, C., Van Gaal, L., Sivenius, K., Valve, R., Hakkarainen, V., Niskanen, L., Laakso, M., Uusitupa, M., Beridze, N., Japaridze, M., Kurashvili, R., Dundua, M., Kebuladze, G., Kazakhashvili, N., Offley-Shore, B., Thomas, B., Ghebremeskel, K., Crawford, M., Lowy, C., Eriksson, Ulf J., Martin Simán, C., Wisse, Bert, Gittenberger-de Groot, Adriana C., Wentzel, P., Eriksson, U. J., Wender-Ożegowska, E., Drews, K., Biczysko, R., Bronisz, A., Rość, D., Graczykowska-Koczorowska, A., Kotschy, M., Sokup, A., Kohnert, K. D., Besch, W., Strese, J., Frick, U., Zander, E., Kemer, W., Škrha, J., Kvasnička, J., Kalvodová, B., Hilgertová, J., Schatteman, K., Goossens, F., Scharpé, S., De Leeuw, I., Hendriks, D., Legakis, I. N., Panayiotou, D., Mountokalakis, Th. D., Enderle, M. D., Beckmann, P., Balletshofer, B., Rittig, K., Maerker, E., Volk, A., Meisner, C., Jacob, S., Matthaei, S., Häring, H. U., Rett, K., Ueda, K., Nakagawa, T., Shimajiri, Y., Kokawa, M., Matsumoto, E., Sasaki, H., Sanke, T., Nanjo, K., McKinnon, Caroline M., Macfarlane, Wendy M., Docherty, Kevin, Furukawa, N., Shirotani, T., Kishikawa, H., Kaneko, K., Araki, E., Shichiri, M., Prentki, M., Roduit, R., Susini, S., Buteau, J., Ejrnæs, A. M., Andersen, N. Aa., Osterhoff, M., Möhlig, M., Ortmann, J., Bikashaghi, F., Mayer, C., Bikashagi, F., Ackermans, M. T., Pereira Arias, A. M., Bisschop, P. H. L. T., Endert, E., Sauerwein, H. P., Romijn, J. A., Gastaldelli, A., Baldi, S., Pettiti, M., Natali, A., Frascerra, S., Camastra, S., Toschi, E., Ferrannini, E., Stingl, H., Krssak, M., Bischof, M. G., Krebs, M., Fürnsinn, C., Nowotny, P., Waldhäusl, W., Roden, M., Neeft, M., Meijer, A. J., Båvenholm, P., Pigon, J., Efendic, S., Kästenbauer, T., Sauseng, S., Sokol, G., Auinger, M., Irsigler, K., Abbott, C. A., Carrington, A. L., Faragher, B., Kulkarni, J., Van Ross, E. R. E., Boulton, A. J. M., Armstrong, D. G., Hadi, S., Nguyen, H. C., Harkless, L. B., Jirkovská, A., Kasalicky, P., Hosová, J., Skibova, J., Uccioli, L., Caselli, A., Giacomozzi, C., Macellari, V., Giurato, L., Lardieri, L., Menzinger, G., Pham, H. T., Rosenblum, B. I., Lyons, T. E., Giurini, J. M., Smakowski, P., Chrzan, J. S., Habershaw, G. M., Veves, A., Foster, A. M., Bates, M., Doxford, M., Edmonds, M. E., Kecha, O., Winkler, R., Martens, H., Collette, J., Lefèbvre, P. J., Greiner, D., Geenen, V., Atlan-Gepner, C., Naspetti, M., Valéro, R., Barad, M., Lepault, F., Vialettes, B., Naquet, P., de Galan, B., Netea, M. G., Hancu, N., Smits, P., Van der Meer, J. W. M., Osterbye, T., Jørgensen, K. H., Tranum-Jensen, J., Fredman, P., Høy, M., Bokvist, K., Olsen, H. L., Horn, T., Gromada, J., Laub, R., Lohmann, T., Hahn, H. J., Adler, T., Emmrich, F., Rabuazzo, A. M., Lupi, R., Dotta, F., Patanè, G., Marselli, L., Realacci, M., Piro, S., Del Guerra, S., Santangelo, C., Navalesi, R., Purrello, F., Marchetti, P., de Vos, P., Visser, L., de Haan, B. J., Klok, P., van Schilfgaarde, R., Poppema, S., Juang, J.-H., Kuo, C.-H., Hsu, B. R.-S., Nacher, V., Pérez, M., Biarnés, M., Raurell, M., Soler, J., Montanya, E., Ritzel, R., Maubach, J., Büsing, M., Becker, T., Klempnauer, J., Hücking, K., Schmiegel, W. H., Nauck, M. A., Bouček, P., Saudek, F., Adamec, M., Kožitarová, R., Jedináková, T., Vlasáková, Z., Skibová, J., Bartoš, V., Maffi, P., Bertuzzi, F., Aldrighetti, L., Taglietti, M. V., Castelnuovo, A., Pozza, G., Di Carlo, V., Secchi, A., Renier, G., Mamputu, J.-C., Gillespie, J. S., McMaster, D., Mercer, C., Trimble, E. R., Lecomte, M., Véricel, E., Paget, C., Ruggiero, D., Lagarde, M., Wiernsperger, N., Pricci, F., Leto, G., Amadio, L., Cordone, S., Iacobini, C., Catalano, S., Violi, F., Rotella, C. M., Pugliese, G., Zicari, A., Gradini, R., Sale, P., Pala, L., Cresci, B., Giannini, S., Manuelli, C., Dahlfors, G., Arnqvist, H. J., Gonelle-Gispert, C., Halnan, P. A., Sadoul, K., Wolter, S., Lang, J., Niwa, T., Yu, W., Hidaka, H., Senda, T., Niki, I., Fukasawa, T., Renstrom, E., Barg, S., Seward, E., Rorsman, P., Rutter, G. A., Molinete, M., Lilla, V., Ravazzola, M., Halban, P. A., Efanov, A. M., Bertorello, A. M., Zaitsev, S. V., Zwiller, J., Berggren, P.-O., MŞengül, A., Salman, F., Sargrn, M., Özer, E., Karşidaǧ, K., Salman, S., Gedik, S., Satman, İ., Dinççaǧ, N., Yılmaz, M. T., Lloyd, A., Hopkinson, P. K., Testa, M. A., Blonde, L., Turner, R. R., Hayes, J., Simonson, D. C., van der Ven, N. C. W., Lubach, C. H. C., Snoek, F. J., Mollema, E. D., van der Ploeg, H. M., Danne, T., Hoey, H., McGee, H., Fitzgerald, H., Lernmark, B., Thernlund, G., Fredin, K., Hägglöf, B., Lugari, R., Dell’Anna, C., Ugolotti, D., Dei Cas, A., Barilli, A. L., Sard, L., Marani, B., Iotti, M., Zandomeneghi, R., Gnudi, A., Kjems, L. L., Volund, Aa., Toft-Nielsen, M., Damholt, M. B., Hilsted, L., Hughes, T. E., Krarup, T., Holst, J. J., Young, A., Gottlieb, A., Fineman, M., Kolterman, O., Cancelas, J., García-Martínez, J. A., Villanueva-Peñacarrillo, M. L., Valverde, I., Malaisse, W. J., Filipsson, K., Ahrén, B., Balkan, B., Kwasnik, L., Battle, B., Li, X., Egan, J. M., Clocquet, A. R., Elahi, D., Petrella, E., Pricket, K., Petersen, K. F., Sullivan, J. T., Amatruda, J. M., Livingston, J. N., Shulman, G. I., Freyse, E.-J., Knospe, S., Glund, K., Demuth, H.-U., Walker, D., Malik, R. A., Reljanovic, M., Barada, A., Milicevic, Z., Tack, Cees J., Goldstein, David S., Van Huysen, C., Stevens, M. J., Cao, X., Sundkvist, G., Dahlin, L.-B., Eriksson, K.-F., Rosén, I., Lattimer, S. A., Sima, A. A. F., Sullivan, K., Shaw, J. E., de Courten, M. P., Zimmet, P. Z., Gourdy, P., Ruidavets, J. B., Arveiler, D., Amouyel, Ph., Bingham, A., Tauber, J. P., Lam, K. S. L., Wat, N. M. S., Lam, T. H., Janus, E. D., de Pablos, P., Rodriguez, F., Martínez, J., Sánchez, V., Santana, C., García, I., Macías, A., Levin, K., Hother-Nielsen, O., Henriksen, J. E., Beck-Nielsen, H., Brechtel, K., Machann, J., Koch, M., Nielsen, M., Löblein, K., Becker, R., Denignger, M., Renn, W., Machicao, F., Claussen, C. D., Schick, F., Diraison, F., Moulin, P., Beylot, M., Thams, P., Capito, K., Eliasson, Lena, Barg, Sebastian, Göpel, Sven, Kanno, Takahiro, Renström, Erik, Meda, P., Charollais, A., Gjnovci, A., Calabrese, A., Wonkam, A., Caton, D., Wisznievski, L., Serre, V., Cogne, F., Bauquis, J., Bosco, D., Huarte, J., Herrera, P., Gotfredsen, C. F., Vessby, B., Manuel y Keenoy, B., Engelen, W., Vertommen, J., Schrans, S., Louheranta, A., Lindström, J., Tuomilehto, J., Segal, K. R., Heymsfield, S., Hauptman, J., Boldrin, M., Lucas, C., Pandolfi, A., Cetrullo, D., Polishchuck, R., Alberta, M., Pellegrini, G., Calafiore, A., Vitacolonna, E., Capani, F., Consoli, A., Halleux, C. M., Gillot, E. F., Brichard, S. M., Van der Planken, M., Corthouts, B., Peiffer, F., Scholten, D., Walke, M., Assert, R., Pirags, V., Pedula, K. L., Hillier, T. A., Brown, J. B., Santini, S. A., Marra, G., Cotroneo, P., Manto, A., Di Leo, M. A. S., Di Gregorio, S., Tordi, A., Pitocco, D., Ruotolo, V., Ghirlanda, G., Temelkova-Kurktschiev, T., Schaper, F., Koehler, C., Henkel, E., Hanefeld, M., Mancini, L., Citterio, F., Cotroneo, A., Ceroone, S., Castagneto, M., Rajbhandari, S. M., Dent, M. T., Plater, M. E., Harris, N. D., Tesfaye, S., Ward, J. D., Dupuy, O., Mayaudon, H., Lecoules, S., Bauduceau, B., Palou, M., Farret, O., Molinié, C., Antonelli-Incalzi, R., Fuso, L., Giordano, A., Calcagni, M. L., Todaro, L., Basso, S., Tramaglino, L. M., Troncone, L., Pistelli, R., Guillot, R., Bringuier, A., Porokhov, B., Guillausseau, P. J., Feldmann, G., Zivanic, S., Cizmic, M., Dragojevic, R., Vanovic, M., Borghouts, L. B., van Kranenburg, G. P. J., Schaart, G., Keizer, H. A., Niess, A. M., Dickuth, H. H., Lutz, O., Barbe, P., Calazel-Fournier, C., Hernandez, G., Saint-Martin, F., Galitzky, J., Gonçalves, A. A., da Silva, E. C., Brito, I. J. L., da Silva, C. A., Lawrence, N. J., Kousta, E., Mulnier, H., Penny, A., Millauer, B., Johnston, D. G., Robinson, S., Perriello, G., Pimenta, W., Pampanelli, S., Lucidi, P., Lepore, M., Porcellati, F., Cordoni, M. C., De Feo, P., Bolli, G. B., Sjöstrand, M., Holmäng, A., Lönnroth, P., Hauer, B., Grauer, P., Artzner, S., Lang, R., Stumvoll, M., Monti, L. D., Piatti, P. M., Gemone, F., Valsecchi, G., Magni, M., Barbieri, E., Setola, E., Sandoli, E. P., Galli-Kienle, M., Pontiroli, A. E., Nichols, Gregory A., Brown, Jonathan B., Salzsieder, E., Boltz, H., Ramirez, J. C., Rutscher, A., Fischer, U., Koenig, Ch., Friske, M., Schramm, W., Landgraf, R., Bachmann, W., Bangemann, M., Groeneveld, G., Edvell, Anders, Lindström, Per, Tsiotra, P., Koukourava, A., Raptis, S. A., Tsigos, C., Boutou, E., Triandaffilopoulou, A., Egido, E. M., Rodríguez-Gallardo, J., Gutiérrez, E., García, P., Silvestre, R. A., Marco, J., Khan, Akhtar, Ling, Zong-Chao, Ahren, Bo, Efendic, Suad, Bünting, C., Du, X., Zhi Sui, G., Rösen, P., Koschinsky, T., Kearney, T. M., Sharp, P. S., Lapolla, A., Fedele, D., Martano, L., Garbeglio, M., Seraglia, R., Favretto, D., Traldi, P., Meerwaldt, R., Smit, A. J., Links, Th. P., v. Roon, A. M., Graaf, R., Gans, R. O. B., Deynelİ, O., Ersöz, H. Ö., Gogas, D., Fak, A. S., Akalin, S., Veglio, M., Sivieri, R., Chinaglia, A., Scaglione, L., Le, T., Wong, N., Detrano, R., Charles, M. A., Colhoun, H. M., Francis, D. P., Rubens, M., Underwood, S. R., Fuller, J. H., Knudsen, E., Sato, A., Nielsen, F. S., Bonora, E., Kiechl, S., Willeit, J., Oberhollenzer, F., Egger, G., Bonadonna, R., Muggeo, M., Festa, A., D’Agostino, R., Howard, G., Mykkänen, L., Tracy, R. P., Haffner, S. M., Poulsen, P., Vach, K., Ijzerman, R. G., Bakker, S. J. L., Truster, J., Crowther, N. J., Cameron, N., Gray, I. P., Chaillous, L., Carel, J. C., Thivolet, C., Boitard, C., Charbonnel, B., Saï, P., Decochez, K., Keymeulen, B., Somers, G., Dorchy, H., Rottiers, R., Winnock, F., ver Elst, K., Weets, I., Pipeleers, D., Gorus, F., Seebaum, S., Schumm-Draeger, P.-M., Petzoldt, R., Federlin, K., Bonnevie-Nielsen, V., Martensen, P. M., Justesen, J., Worsaa, A., Karlsson, Maria, Sederholm, Sofia, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Bélicar, P., Dale, C., Vague, Ph., Alessis, C., Lassmann-Vague, V., Bode, B. W., Gross, T. M., Ghegan, M., Steed, R. D., Davidson, P. C., Ordoñez, A., Rubio, J. L., Sulleiro, J. M., Buendía, J. P., Zamora, J., Castillo, M., Schaupp, L., Ellmerer, M., Brunner, G. A., Sendlhofer, G., Schlack, Ch., Skrabal, F., Wach, P., Pieber, T. R., Heinemann, L., Krämer, U., Klötzer, H. M., Hermann, M., Cosgrove, K. E., Chapman, J. C., Shepherd, R. M., McIntyre, S., Butler, P. C., Dunne, M. J., Brekardin, E., Dörschner, H., Schwanstecher, C., Schwanstecher, M., Uhde, I., Emmanouilidou, E., Teschemacher, A. G., Pouli, A. E., Gylfe, E., Tengholm, A., Hellman, B., Perfetti, R., Aggarwal, S., Müller, Günter, Welte, Stefan, Wied, Susanne, Valverde, A. M., Mur, C., Kahn, C. R., Benito, M., Rondinone, C. M., Peterson, T., Laviola, L., Belsanti, G., Logoluso, F., Napoli, R., Davalli, A. M., Weir, G. C., Giorgino, R., Giorgino, F., Flesch, S., Hompesch, B., Rave, K., Susanto, F., Kühn-Velten, W. N., Heise, T., Rendell, M., Dole, J., Esper, R. J., Stein, E., Lemme, L., Rubinstein, A., Maritz, F. J., Soule, S., Market, A., Chajek-Shaul, T., Maislos, M., Tal, S., Stolero, D., Josefsen, K., Beckmann, H., Petersen, C., Ekman, R., Efanova, I., Zaitsev, S., Berggren, P. O., Birkenbach, M., Holl, R. W., Rosenbauer, J., Grabert, M., Icks, A., Schwab, O., Reile, K., Janssen, M. M. J., de Jongh, R. T., Casteleijn, S., Masurel, N., Hoogma, R. P. L. M., Santeusanio, F., Brunetti, P., Fanelli, C. G., Laureti, S., Bartocci, L., Maran, A., Crepaldi, C., Trupiani, S., Macdonald, I. A., Avogaro, A., Bouman, S. D., Keitz, M., Bruggink, J. E., Scheurink, A. J. W., Strubbe, J. H., Steffens, A. B., Ferguson, S. C., McCrimmon, R. J., Perros, P., Best, J. J. K., Deary, I. J., Frier, B. M., Robinson, R. T. C. E., Ireland, N. H., Bedford, C., Fairclough, E., Hudson, S., Heller, S. R., Borch-Johnsen, K., Berger, M., Overmann, H., Bender, R., Blank, M., Sawicki, P., Jörgens, V., Mühlhauser, I., Nosadini, R., Sailer, A., Dalla Vestra, M., Brocco, E., Piarulli, F., Frigato, F., Sambataro, M., Velussi, M., Baggio, B., Fioretto, P., Jager, A., van Hinsbergh, V. W. M., Kostense, P. J., Nrjpels, G., Gæde, P., Pedersen, O., Andrysiak-Mamos, E., Majkowska, L., Krzyżanowska, B., Pilarska, K., Czekalski, S., Mazzon, C., Brocco, S., Field, L. L., Nejentsev, S., Gombos, Z., Veijola, R., Knip, M., Simell, O., Vaarala, O., Åkerblom, H. K., Ilonen, J., Krokowski, M., Bodalski, J., Andrzejewski, W., Ławnik, M., Teodorczyk, A., Heinrich, A., Caillat-Zucman, S., Buzzetti, R., Petrone, A., Mesturino, C., Giorgi, G., Fiori, R., Nisticò, L., Di Genova, G., Cascino, I., Klöting, I., Kovacs, P., McKinney, P. A., Okasha, M., Parslow, R. C., Law, G. R., Gurney, K. A., Williams, R., Bodansky, H. J., Herzig, P., Giani, G., Vervoort, G., Lutterman, J. A., Berden, J. H. M., Wetzels, J. F. 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C., Kaya, F., Süsleyici, B., Öztürk, M., Eisner, M., Guldbakke, B., Karpenko, N., Brizgalova, G., Alesina, M., Røder, M. E., Schwartz, R. S., Prigeon, R., Kahn, S. E., Kendereški, A., Micić, D., Šumarac, M., Macut, Dj., Zonć, S., Čolić, M., Cvijović, G., Gligorović, P., Courtney, C. H., Atkinson, A. B., Ennis, C., Sheridan, B., Bell, P. M., Jolly, M., Amin, R., Godsland, I., Horvoka, R., Anyaoku, V., Lawrence, N., Krasova, N., Sergienko, L., Mingrone, G., Plat, L., Balasse, E. O., Zykova, T., Jenssen, T., Strelkova, A., Zykova, S., Tipisova, E., Féry, F., Wijenaike, A. N., Watt, P. W., Jung, R. T., Bolton-Smith, C., Rennie, M. J., Ludvik, B., Aigmueller, Th., Waldhaeusl, W., Courtois, P., Bource, F., Guenat, E., Philippe, J., Jéquier, E., Tappy, L., Benny, Santosa, Grönemeyer, Dietrich, Aygen, Sitke, Scholz, Nicole, Busch, Martin, Tauveron, I., Rochon, C., Dejax, C., Benoit, P., Capitan, P., Bayle, G., Prugnaud, J., Fabricio, A., Champredon, C., Thieblot, P., Grizard, J., Nielsen, M. F., Nyholm, B., Chandramouli, V., Schumann, W. C., Landau, B. R., Rizza, R. A., Mitrakou, A., Meyer, C., Tolias, A., Platanisiotis, D., Vlachos, L., Gerich, J., Wajngot, A., Sprangers, F., Jellema, W. T., Lopuhaä, C. E., van Lieshout, J. J., van der Zee, J. S., Mithieux, G., Croset, M., Zitoun, C., Hurot, J. M., Rajas, F., Montano, S., Willem, R., Verbruggen, I., Grue-Sørensen, G., Björkling, F., Watson, N. D., Burns, S. P., Murphy, H. C., Iles, R. A., Cohen, R. D., Rooney, K., Swan, V., Phuyal, J., Millar, J., Bryson, J., Denyer, G., Caterson, I., Thompson, C., Gaster, M., Handberg, Aa., Schrøder, H. D., Alzaid, A., Sobki, S., Thye-Rønn, P., Alford, F., Christopher, M., Gras, F., Brunmair, B., Neschen, S., Py, G., Lambert, K., Raynaud, E., Mercier, J., Tsuchihashi, K., Sumida, Y., Fujimoto, H., Nakamura, M., Miyata, E., Furuta, M., Katsuki, A., Ito, K., Sasaki, R., Hori, Y., Yano, Y., Adachi, Y., Lauritz, J., Eriksson, J. W., Burén, J., Zhao, L. J., Li, Z.-C., Kullin, M., Karlsson, F. A., Redondo, A., Puente, J., Clemente, F., González, N., Moberg, E., Amer, P., Hagström-Toft, E., Bolinder, J., Björnholm, M., Krook, A., Galuska, D., Myers, M., Zierath, J. R., Wallberg-Henriksson, H., Niklasson, M., Strindberg, L., Sternberg, F., Hebeda, S., Kratzer, W., Salgado, M. I., Hoss, U., Kalatz, B., Lohmann, S., Fussgänger, R., Khomazjuk, A. I., Ncscheret, A. P., Gonchar, I. V., Quinones-Galvan, A., Sironi, A. M., Cominacini, L., Nagai, Y., Yamashita, H., Takamura, T., Kobayashi, K., Szanto, I., Peth, J. A., Kinnick, T. R., Youngblood, E. B., Tritschler, H. J., Henriksen, E. J., Gašperíková, D., Rufo, C., Teran-Garcia, M., Nakamura, M. T., Clarke, S. D., Pye, S., Zhang, Z., Radziuk, J., Guignot, L., Bell, K. S., Lim-Fraser, M., Cooney, G., Kraegen, E. W., Takayama, S., Legare, D. J., Macedo, M. P., Lautt, W. W., Bradley, B., Barron, P., Davies, J., Ader, M., Richey, J. M., Ait El Mkadem, S., Macari, F., Renard, E., Méchaly, I., Brun, J. F., Cros, G., Bringer, J., del Aguila, L. F., Krishnan, R. K., Farrell, P. A., Ulbrecht, J., Correll, P. H., Kirwan, J. P., Mei, J., Rahn-Landström, T., Brindley, D., Manganiello, V., Degerman, E., Ziv, E., Shafrir, E., Kaiman, R., Galer, S., Bar-On, H., Gerő, L., Földes, K., Janssen, J., Járay, J., Perner, F., Haap, M., Houdali, B., Schmit, M. B., Dietze, G. J., Perrini, S., Natalicchio, A., Montrone, C., de Robertis, O., De Pergola, G., Strack, V., Kellerer, M., Kausch, C., Condorelli, G., Beguinot, F., Häring, H.-U., Song, X. M., Chibalin, A. V., Ryder, J. W., Jiang, X. J., Alessi, D. R., Hennige, A. M., Metzinger, E., Seipke, G., Trüb, T., Hey, A., Sørensen, A. R., Schäffer, L., Drejer, K., Kurtzhals, P., Hansen, B. F., Matozaki, T., Noguchi, T., Yamao, T., Takada, T., Ochi, F., Takeda, H., Inagaki, K., Hosoka, T., Kasuga, M., Schürt, M., Meier, M., Drenckhan, M., Meyer, M., Aries, S. P., Klein, H. H., Telting, D., van der Zon, G. C. M., Dorrestijn, J., Maassen, J. A., Clapham, J. C., Holder, J. C., Tomlinson, K. M., Pickavance, L., Buckingham, R., Wilding, J., Jacinto, S. M., Harrold, J., Ljung, B., Kjellstedt, A., Thalén, P., Widdowson, P., Williams, G., Oakes, N., Aoki, K., Saito, T., Satoh, S., Mukasa, K., Kaneshiro, M., Kawasaki, S., Hoshino, K., Okamura, A., Sekihara, H., Smith, U., Johansson, A., Nilsson, E., Olausson, T., Nakazawa, T., Suzuki, M., Martinez, J., Murado, P., Azal, Ö., Yönem, A., Çakır, B., Polat, Z., Kutlu, M., Çorakçı, A., Bayraktar, M., Gürlek, A., Koray, Z., Damian, M. S., Linn, T., Laube, H., Arzner, S., Meißner, H.-P., Giunti, S., Comune, M., Cassader, M., Conte, M. R., Sacchi, C., Musso, G., Mecca, F., Depetris, N., Gambino, R., Perin, P. Cavallo, Kawakami, S., Sandqvist, M., Jansson, P.-A., Šindelka, G., Widimský, J., Haas, T., Prázný, M., Mari, A., Nolan, J. J., Uusitupa, M. I. J., Karşıdağ, K., Hacıhanefioğlu, B., Dinççağ, N., Drivsholm, T., Palacios, R. T., Vølund, A., Pedersen, Oluf B., Letiexhe, M. R., Scheen, A. J., Quiñones Galvan, A., Simeoni, M., Basu, A., Uosukainen, A., Mäkimattila, S., Schlenzka, A., Adler, A. I., Levy, J., Stevens, R., Matthews, D., Holman, R., Boland, B. J., Jeanjean, M., Hermans, M. P., Maudoigt, C., Tonglet, R., Robert, A., Quiñones-Galvan, A., Cini, G., Galetta, F., Sanna, G., Gernone, F., Janssen, M. J., Gonera, R. K., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., de Leeuw, P. W., Schaper, N. C., Molęda, P., Kuczerowski, R., Czech, A., Tatoń, J., Taddei, S., Patiag, D., Qu, X., Wilkes, M., Gray, S., Seale, J. P., Donnelly, R., Campión, J., Maestro, B., Dávila, N., Carranza, M. C., Calle, C., Hales, C. N., Fernández-Real, J. M., Grasa, M., Pugeat, M., Barret, C., Ricart, W., Lindmark, S., Olsson, T., Tufvesson, M., Loeblein, K., Mehnert, B., Haering, H. U., Rave, Klaus, Heise, Tim, Clauson, Per, Hirschberger, Sabine, Heinemann, Lutz, Claret, M., Nadal, B., Truc, A., Rossi, L., Hildebrand, P., Ketterer, S., Beglinger, C., Keller, U., Gyr, K., Parvin, S., Overkamp, D., Vayreda, M., González-Huix, F., G-Huix, F., Zavaroni, I., Gasparini, P., Massironi, P., Zuccarelli, A., Delsignore, R., Reaven, G. M., Sheu, W. H. H., Lee, W. J., Chen, Y.-T., Iraklianou, S., Tournis, S., Volonakis, I., Spylopoulou, M., Bilianou, E., Melidonis, A., Foussas, S., Güler, Serdar, çakir, Bekir, Demi̇rbaş, Berrin, Gürsoy, Gül, Serter, Rüştü, Aral, Yalçin, Morton, G., Lee, S., Fahey, R., de Silva, A., Cai, X. J., Buckingham, R. E., Arch, J. R. S., Wilson, S., Clausen, J. T., Kristensen, P., Nielsen, P. F., Wulff, B. S., Thim, L., Holness, M. J., Sugden, M. C., Fryer, L. G. D., Munns, M. J., Mannucci, E., Ognibene, A., Cremasco, F., Bardini, G., Mencucci, A., Ciani, S., Pierazzuoli, E., Tsuchihashil, K., Rigalleau, V., Delafaye, C., Baillet, L., Vergnot, V., Brunou, P., Gatta, B., Gin, H., Felber, J. P., Munger, R., Assimacopoulos, F., Bobbioni, E., Golay, A., Wilken, M., Larsen, F. S., Buckley, D., Molina, L. M., Marquez, L., Arbeo, A., Hernandez, C., Kofod, H., Damholt, A. B., Buchan, A., Márquez, L., Luque, M. A., Sarti, L., Sutton, P. J., Behle, K., Heimesaat, M. M., Hüfner, M., Gravholt, Claus Højbjerg, Mølier, Niels, Christiansen, Jens Sandahl, Schmitz, Ole, Deacon, C. F., Brock, B., Knudsen, L. B., Agersø, H., Huusfeldt, P. O., Kelly, C. M. N., Brunn, C., Schioos, J., Sewing, S., Lemansky, P., Wawro, S., Mest, H. J., Taguchi, T., Motoshima, H., Yoshizato, K., Guenifi, Amel, Henriksson, M., Johansson, J., Shafqat, J., Tally, M., Wahren, J., Jömvall, H., Ekberg, K., Rigler, R., Pramanik, A., Kratz, G., Johansson, B.-L., Uhlén, M., Jörnvall, H., Forst, T., Dufayet De La Tour, D., Kunt, T., Pfützner, A., Goitom, K., Pohlmann, T., Schneider, S., Johansson, B. L., Löbig, M., Engelbach, M., Beyer, J., Ekman, Bertil, Nyström, Fredrik, Arnqvist, Hans J., Halvatsiotis, P. G., Meek, S., Bigelow, M., Nair, K. S., Maghsoudi, S., Fisker, S., Vølund, A. A., Jörgensen, J. O. L., Christiansen, J. S., Hilsted, J., Mazerkina, N. A., Tiulpakov, A. N., Gorelyshev, S. K., Peterkova, V. A., Macut, D. J., Dieguez, C., Casanueva, F. F., Catalina, P. F., Mallo, F., Andrade, A., García-Mayor, R. V. G., Popova, V. V., ter Maaten, J. C., Popp-Snijders, C., Madsen, L., Ukropec, J., Bergene, E., Rnstan, A. C., Berge, R., Arner, P., Wahl, G., Häring, H., Bryson, J. M., Curtis, S. E., Caterson, I. D., Winzell, M. Sörhede, Svensson, H., Ahnén, B., Holm, C., Phillips, C., Madigan, C., Owens, D., Collins, P., Johnson, A., Tomkin, G. H., Cabezas, M. Castro, van Oostrom, A. J. H. H. M., Erkelens, D. W., Summers, L. K. M., Fielding, B. A., Ilic, V., Clark, M. L., Frayn, K. N., Pietzsch, J., Julius, U., Nitzsche, S., Fischer, S., Lindgren, C., Amrot-Fors, L., Hoffmann, M. M., Luft, D., Schmülling, R.-M., D’Adamo, M., Leonetti, F., Paoloni, A., Ribaudo, M. C., Basso, M. S., Elmore, U., Restuccia, A., Sbraccia, P., Emilsson, V., O’Dowd, J., Heyman, R., Cawthorne, M. A., Pelikánová, T., Kazdová, L., Žák, A., Chvojková, Š., Özer, E. M., Kadıoğlu, P., Korugan, Ü., Hatemi, H., Rivellese, A. A., Dullaart, R. P. F., Riemens, S. C., Sluiter, W. J., van Tol, A., Farnier, M., Megnien, S., Turpin, G., Stulp, B. K., Brambilla, P., Brunelli, A., Riva, M. C., Manzoni, P., de Poli, S., Riboni, S., Stolk, R. P., Meijer, R., Wink, O., Zelissen, P. M. J., van Gils, A. P. G., Grobbee, D. 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W., Taverna, M., Guerre-Millo, M., Chevalier, A., Pacher, N., Slama, G., Gorshunska, M., Buyken, A. E., Heitkamp, G., Kabir, M., Oppert, J. M., Wursch, P., Bruzzo, F., Rahman, M. H., Fatima, K., Ahmed, S., Mondal, H. N., Yilmaz, M., Öztok, U., Karakoç, A., Çakır, N., Düzgün, E., Yetkin, İ., Arslan, M., Şardaş, S., Wilding, John, Géloën, A., Baret, G., Dalmaz, Y., Peyronnet, J., Clémenceau, B., Martignat, L., Lalain, S., Gouin, E., Kenda-Ropson, N., Miller, A. O. A., You, S., Aguilera, E., Recasens, M., Flores, L., Ricart, M. J., Fernández-Cruz, L., Esmatjes, E., Crenier, L., Noël, C., Le Moine, A., Mahy, M., Danguy, A., Kiss, R., Goldman, M., Bracci, C., De Haan, B., Nilsson, K., Deschamps, J. Y., Glagoličová, A., Smrčková, I., Dieterle, C., Illner, W. D., Land, W., Feldmeier, H., Scheuer, R., Lalli, C., Di Loreto, C., Ellringmann, U., Balks, H. J., v. zur Mühlen, A., Dengler, R., Weissenborn, K., Rasmussen, B. M., Ørskov, L., Watson, J., Owen, G., Barrett, G., Ingleby, J., Weiss, M., Deary, I., Cavan, D., Kerr, D., Bruneiii, A., Cuce’, A., Elsing, H. G., Kühne, D., Quinn, N. D., Warner, D. P., Buysschaert, M., Jamal, R., O’Brien, T., Latare, P., Mullen, J., Rein, A., Wargo, M., Parkes, J. L., Ginsberg, B., Sotiropoulos, A., Peppas, Th. A., Kotsini, V., Apostolou, O., Bousboulas, S., Michailidis, E., Sawala, M., Pappas, S., Nilsson, P. M., Nilsson, J. Å., Berglund, G., Molins, T., Esteban, J. I., Genescà, J., Paris, I., Haufroid, V., Selvais, Ph., Petit, J. M., Duong, M., Grappin, M., Guiguet, M., Rudoni, S., Portier, H., Brun, J. M., Bagg, W., Plank, L., Drury, P. L., Sharpe, N., Braatvedt, G. D., Carrascosa, J. M., Molero, J. C., Fermίn, Y., Andrés, A., Satrústegui, J., Rietzsch, H., Patzak, A., Schwanebeck, U., Simpson, H., Robertson-Mackay, F., Montegriffo, E., Fox, C., Chiasson, J.-L., Josse, R. G., Dorman, J. M., Gerstein, H. C., Lau, D., Leiter, L. A., Maheux, P., Meneilly, G. S., Murphy, L., Rodger, N. W., Ross, S. A., Ryan, E., Yale, J.-F., Wolever, T. M. S., Haller, T., Elias, I., Segal, P., Standi, E., Rybka, J., Sencer, E., Satman, I., Schlcnzka, A., Vakkilainen, J., Tsaglis, H., Ioannidis, I., Giakoumaki, A., Amantou, A., Komitopoulos, N., Georgiou, S., Varsamis, E., Katsilambros, N., El Gayar, M., Shereba, N., Botros, R., Fikry, R., Jackson, D., Balme, M., Silva-Nunes, J., Alves, J., Bogalho, P., Gardete-Correia, L., Nunes-Corrêa, J., Kot’átková, A., Němcová, D., Vrbíková, J., Zamrazil, V., Meyer, L., Delbachian, I., Lehert, P., Cugnardey, N., Drouin, P., Guerci, B., Wagner, O. F., Jones, N. P., Vallance, S. E., Thompson, K. A., Miller, A. K., Inglis, A. M. L., Patterson, S., Jorkasky, D., Freed, M. I., Mathisen, A. L., Schneider, R., Rubin, C., Houser, V., Beebe, K. L., Kortboyer, J. M., Eckland, D. J. A., Cranmer, H., Mori, Y., Kurokawa, N., Komiya, H., Horikoshi, H., Yokoyama, J., Tajima, N., Ikeda, Y., Bakst, A., Hemyari, P., Lönnqvist, F., Owen, S., Vikramadithyan, R. K., Chakrabarti, R., Misra, P., Prem Kumar, M., Sunil Kumar, K. B., Ghosh, A., Rajagopalan, R., Goldstein, B., Katoh, S., Tsuruoka, N., Hata, S., Matsushima, M., Ikemoto, S., Inoue, Y., Edwards, G., Fonseca, V., Biswas, N., Bakris, G., Viberti, G., Rebuck, A. S., Weill, S., Abel, M. G., Klappoth, W., Brodesser, A., Linkeschowa, R., Pushparaj, P., Tan, C. H., Tan, B. K. H., Bahner, A., Parker, J., Waite, G., Lipson, V., Nahar, N., Rokeya, B., Parveen, S., Nur-e-Alam, M., Mosihuzzaman, M., Hansen, A. Kornerup, Lepore°, M., Kurzhals, R., Pampanelli°, S., Fanelli°, C. G., Bolli°, G. B., Ratner, R. E., Hirsch, I. B., Mecca, T. E., Wilson, C. A., Mohideen, P., Mudaliar, S., Deutsch, R., Ciaraldi, T., Armstrong, D., Kim, B., Morrill, B., Sha, X., Henry, R., Meyer, B. H., Scholtz, H. 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- 1999
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55. Finite coplanar waveguide width effects in pulsed inductive microwave magnetometry.
- Author
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Schneider, M. L., Kos, A. B., and Silva, T. J.
- Subjects
- *
MICROWAVES , *MAGNETIC films , *FERROMAGNETIC materials , *ANISOTROPY , *MAGNETIZATION , *PHYSICS - Abstract
The effect of finite coplanar waveguide (CPW) width on the measurement of the resonance frequency in thin ferromagnetic films has been characterized for pulsed inductive microwave magnetometry. A shift in resonant frequency is a linear function of the ratio of sample thickness to CPW width. The proportionality constant is experimentally determined to be 0.74±0.1 times the saturation magnetization of the film. The frequency shift may be modeled as arising from an effective magnetic-anisotropy field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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56. Terminal beryllium-hydrogen bonding in dimeric (2-dimethylamino- N-methylethylamido)hydridoberyllium, [Be2(C5H13N2)2H2].
- Author
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Bell, N. A., Coates, G. E., Schneider, M. L., and Shearer, H. M. M.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
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57. Nickel-germanium bonding in (η5-cyclopentadienyl)(trichlorogermyl)(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) hemibenzene solvate, C23H20Cl3GeNiP.1/2C6H6.
- Author
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Bell, N. A., Glockling, F., McGregor, A., Schneider, M. L., and Shearer, H. M. M.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
58. Crystal structure of trans-chlorohydridobis(triethylphosphine)palladium.
- Author
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Schneider, M. L. and Shearer, H. M. M.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
59. 35th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Brussels, Belgium, 28 September-2 October 1999
- Author
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Melander, A., Olsson, J., Lindberg, G., Salzman, A., Howard, T., Stang, P., Lydick, E., Emslie-Smith, A., Boyle, D. I. R., Evans, J. M. M., Macdonald, T. M., Bain, J., Sullivan, F., Ad Darts Memo, Morris For The Collaboration, Juhl, C., Porksen, N., Sturis, J., Hollingdal, M., Pincus, S., Veldhuis, J., Dejgaard, A., Schmitz, O., Kristensen, J. S., Frandsen, K. B., Bayer, Th, Muller, P., Dunning, B. E., Paladini, S., Gutierrez, C., Deacon, R., Valentin, M., Grunberger, G., Weston, W. M., Patwardhan, R., Rappaport, E. B., Sargeant, L. A., Wareham, N. J., Khaw, K. T., Zethelius, Bjorn, Lithell, Hans, Hales, C. Nicholas, Berne, Christian, Lakka, H-M, Oksanen, L., Tuomainen, T-P, Kontula, K., Salonen, J. T., Dekker, J. M., Boks, P., Vegt, F., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Nijpels, G., Bouter, L. M., Heine, R. J., Bruno, G., Cavallo-Perin, P., Bargero, G., D Errico, N., Borra, M., Macchia, G., Pagano, G., Newton, R. W., Ruta, D. A., New, J. P., Wallace, C., Roxburgh, M. A., Young, R. J., Vaughan, N. J. A., Elliott, P., Brennan, G., Devers, M., Macalpine, R., Steinke, D., Lawson, D. H., Decallonne, B., Casteels, K., Gysemans, C., Bouillon, R., Mathieu, C., Linn, Thomas, Strate, Christine, Schneider, Kerstin, Funda, D. P., Jirsa, M. Jr, Kozakova, H., Kaas, A., Kofronova, O., Tlaskalova-Hogenova, H., Buschard, K., Wanka, H., Hartmann, A., Kuttler, B., Rasmussen, S. B., Sorensen, T. S., Markholst, H., Petersen, J. S., Karounos, D., Dyrberg, T., Mabley, J. G., Hasko, G., Szabo, C., Seissler, J., Nguyen, T. B. T., Steinbrenner, H., Scherbaum, W. A., Cipriani, R., Gabriele, A., Sensi, M., Guidobaldi, L., Pantellini, F., Cerrito, M. G., Scarpa, S., Di Mario, U., Morano, S., Ceolotto, G., Iori, E., Baritono, E., Del Prato, S., Semplicini, A., Trevisan, R., Zerbini, G., Meregalli, G., Asnaghi, V., Tentori, F., Maestroni, A., Mangili, R., Marescotti, C., Vedovato, M., Tiengo, A., Tadjieva, J., Mankovsky, B. N., Aken, S., Raes, A., Vande Walle, J., Matthys, D., Craen, M., Hansen, H. P., Lund, S. S., Rossing, P., Jensen, T., Parving, H-H, Genediab, Study Group, Andersen, S., Tarnow, L., Hansen, B. V., Trautner, C., Haastert, B., Ennenbach, N., Willich, S., Tabak, A. Gy, Orchard, T. J., Spranger, J., Preissner, K. T., Schatz, H., Pfeiffer, A., Canton, A., Burgos, R., Hernandez, C., Lecube, A., Mesa, J., Segura, R. M., Mateo, C., Simo, R., Fathallah, L., Greene, D. A., Obrosova, I., Gilbert, R. E., Kelly, D. J., Cox, A. J., Berka-Wilkinson, J. L., Taylor, H. R., Panagiotopoulos, S., Lee, V., Jerums, G., Cooper, M. E., Hitman, G. A., Aganna, E., Ogunkolade, W. B., Rema, M., Deepa, R., Shanthi-Rani, C. S., Barakat, K., Kumarajeewa, T. R., Cassell, P. G., Mcdermott, M. F., Mohan, V., Ways, K., Bursell, S., Devries, T., Woodworth, J., Alatorre, C., King, G., Aiello, L. P., Karisen, A. E., Pavlovic, D., Nielsen, K., Jensen, J., Andersen, H. U., Pociot, F., Mandrup-Poulsen, T., Eizirik, D. L., Nerup, J., Lortz, S., Tiedge, M., Lenzen, S., Lally, F. J., Bone, A. J., Darville, M. I., Ho, Y-S, Sternesjo, J., Sandler, S., Chen, M-C, Schuit, F., Pipeleers, D. G., Merezak, S., Hardikar, A., Hoet, J. J., Remacle, C., Reusens, B., Breant, B., Garofano, A., Czernichow, P., Kubota, N., Terauchi, Y., Miki, H., Tamemoto, H., Yamauchi, T., Nakano, R., Komeda, K., Eto, K., Tobe, K., Kimura, S., Kadowaki, T., Ide, T., Murakami, K., Tsunoda, M., Mochizuki, T., Ozanne, S. E., Nave, B. T., Wang, C. L., Dorling, M. W., Petry, C. J., Koopmans, S. J., Bent, C., Que, I., Radder, J. K., Sebokova, E., Sana, A. K., Klimes, I., Ruderman, N., Morviducci, L., Pastore, L., Morelli, S., Sagratella, E., Zorretta, D., Buongiomo, A., Tamburrano, G., Giaccari, A., Martinenghi, Sabina, Angelis, Gabriella Cusella, Ravasi, Flavio, Bifari, Francesco, Bordignon, Claudio, Falqui, Luca, Kessler, A., Dransfeld, O., Sasson, S., Tomas, E., Zorzano, A., Eckel, J., Thorsby, P., Rosenfalck, A. M., Kjems, L., Hanssen, K. F., Madsbad, S., Birkeland, K. I., Hamilton-Wessler, M., Markussen, J., Bergman, R. N., Melki, V., Hanaire-Broutin, H., Bessieres-Lacombe, S., Gedec, Study Group, Tauber, J-P, Home, P. D., Lindholm, A., Riis, A., European Insulin Aspart Study Group, Rosenstock, J., Schwartz, S., Clark, C., Edwards, M., Donley, D., Us Dm, Study Group Of Insulin Glargine In Type, Swift, P., Mortensen, H. B., Lynggaard, H., Hougaard, P., Hvidore Study group on Childhood Diabetes, Cull, C. A., Neil, H. A. W., Frighi, V., Manley, S. E., Holman, R. R., Turner, R. C., Ukpds, Group, Steiner, G., Dais, Project Group, Davis, W. A., Weeraratna, T., Bruce, D. G., Davis, T. M. E., Verges, B., Duvillard, L., Pont, F., Florentin, E., Gambert, Ph, Benko, B., Ljubic, S., Turk, Z., Granic, M., Marz, W., Wollschlager, H., Klein, G., Neiss, A., Wehling, M., Huxtable, S. J., Saker, P. J., Walker, M., Frayling, T. M., Levy, J. C., O Rahilly, S., Hattersley, A. T., Mccarthy, M. I., Orecchio, A., Giacchini, A., Dominici, R., Canettieri, G., Trinti, B., Zani, M., Andreoli, M., Sciacchitano, S., Silva, A. M., Whitecross, K., Pasco, J., Kotowicz, M., Nicholson, G., Zimmet, P., Boyko, E. J., Collier, G. R., Frittitta, L., Pizzuti, A., Argiolas, A., Graci, S., Goldfine, I. D., Bozzali, M., Ercolino, T., Costanzo, B., Iacoviello, L., Tassi, V., Trischitta, V., Wauters, M., Rankinen, T., Mertens, I., Chagnon, M., Bouchard, C., Gaal, L., Sivenius, K., Valve, R., Hakkarainen, V., Niskanen, L., Laakso, M., Uusitupa, M., Beridze, N., Japaridze, M., Kurashvili, R., Dundua, M., Kebuladze, G., Kazakhashvili, N., Offley-Shore, B., Thomas, B., Ghebremeskel, K., Crawford, M., Lowy, C., Eriksson, Ulf J., Martin Siman, C., Wisse, Bert, Gittenberger-De Groot, Adriana C., Wentzel, P., Eriksson, U. J., Wender-Ozegowska, E., Drews, K., Biczysko, R., Bronisz, A., Rosc, D., Graczykowska-Koczorowska, A., Kotschy, M., Sokup, A., Kohnert, K. D., Besch, W., Strese, J., Frick, U., Zander, E., Kemer, W., Skrha, J., Kvasnicka, J., Kalvodova, B., Hilgertova, J., Schatteman, K., Goossens, F., Scharpe, S., Leeuw, I., Hendriks, D., Legakis, I. N., Panayiotou, D., Mountokalakis, Th D., Enderle, M. D., Beckmann, P., Balletshofer, B., Rittig, K., Maerker, E., Volk, A., Meisner, C., Jacob, S., Matthaei, S., Haring, H. U., Rett, K., Ueda, K., Nakagawa, T., Shimajiri, Y., Kokawa, M., Matsumoto, E., Sasaki, H., Sanke, T., Nanjo, K., Mckinnon, Caroline M., Macfarlane, Wendy M., Docherty, Kevin, Furukawa, N., Shirotani, T., Kishikawa, H., Kaneko, K., Araki, E., Shichiri, M., Prentki, M., Roduit, R., Susini, S., Buteau, J., Ejrnas, A. M., Andersen, N. Aa, Osterhoff, M., Mohlig, M., Ortmann, J., Bikashaghi, F., Mayer, C., Bikashagi, F., Ackermans, M. T., Pereira Arias, A. M., Bisschop, P. H. L. T., Endert, E., Sauerwein, H. P., Romijn, J. A., Gastaldelli, A., Baldi, S., Pettiti, M., Natali, A., Frascerra, S., Camastra, S., Toschi, E., Ferrannini, E., Stingl, H., Krssak, M., Bischof, M. G., Krebs, M., Furnsinn, C., Nowotny, P., Waldhausl, W., Roden, M., Neeft, M., Meijer, A. J., Bavenholm, P., Pigon, J., Efendic, S., Kastenbauer, T., Sauseng, S., Sokol, G., Auinger, M., Irsigler, K., Abbott, C. A., Carrington, A. L., Faragher, B., Kulkarni, J., Ross, E. R. E., Boulton, A. J. M., Armstrong, D. G., Hadi, S., Nguyen, H. C., Harkless, L. B., Jirkovska, A., Kasalicky, P., Hosova, J., Skibova, J., Uccioli, L., Caselli, A., Giacomozzi, C., Macellari, V., Giurato, L., Lardieri, L., Menzinger, G., Pham, H. T., Rosenblum, B. I., Lyons, T. E., Giurini, J. M., Smakowski, P., Chrzan, J. S., Habershaw, G. M., Veves, A., Foster, A. M., Bates, M., Doxford, M., Edmonds, M. E., Kecha, O., Winkler, R., Martens, H., Collette, J., Lefebvre, P. J., Greiner, D., Geenen, V., Atlan-Gepner, C., Naspetti, M., Valero, R., Barad, M., Lepault, F., Vialettes, B., Naquet, P., Galan, B., Netea, M. G., Hancu, N., Smits, P., Meer, J. W. M., Osterbye, T., Jorgensen, K. H., Tranum-Jensen, J., Fredman, P., Hoy, M., Bokvist, K., Olsen, H. L., Horn, T., Gromada, J., Laub, R., Lohmann, T., Hahn, H. J., Adler, T., Emmrich, F., Rabuazzo, A. M., Lupi, R., Dotta, F., Patane, G., Marselli, L., Realacci, M., Piro, S., Del Guerra, S., Santangelo, C., Navalesi, R., Purrello, F., Marchetti, P., Vos, P., Visser, L., Haan, B. J., Klok, P., Schilfgaarde, R., Poppema, S., Juang, J-H, Kuo, C-H, Hsu, B. R-S, Nacher, V., Perez, M., Biarnes, M., Raurell, M., Soler, J., Montanya, E., Ritzel, R., Maubach, J., Busing, M., Becker, T., Klempnauer, J., Hucking, K., Schmiegel, W. H., Nauck, M. A., Boucek, P., Saudek, F., Adamec, M., Kozitarova, R., Jedinakova, T., Vlasakova, Z., Bartos, V., Maffi, P., Bertuzzi, F., Aldrighetti, L., Taglietti, M. V., Castelnuovo, A., Pozza, G., Di Carlo, V., Secchi, A., Renier, G., Mamputu, J-C, Gillespie, J. S., Mcmaster, D., Mercer, C., Trimble, E. R., Lecomte, M., Vericel, E., Paget, C., Ruggiero, D., Lagarde, M., Wiernsperger, N., Pricci, F., Leto, G., Amadio, L., Cordone, S., Iacobini, C., Catalano, S., Violi, F., Rotella, C. M., Pugliese, G., Zicari, A., Gradini, R., Sale, P., Pala, L., Cresci, B., Giannini, S., Manuelli, C., Dahlfors, G., Arnqvist, H. J., Gonelle-Gispert, C., Halnan, P. A., Sadoul, K., Wolter, S., Lang, J., Niwa, T., Yu, W., Hidaka, H., Senda, T., Niki, I., Fukasawa, T., Renstrom, E., Barg, S., Seward, E., Rorsman, P., Rutter, G. A., Molinete, M., Lilla, V., Ravazzola, M., Halban, P. A., Efanov, A. M., Bertorello, A. M., Zaitsev, S. V., Zwiller, J., Berggren, P-O, Msengul, A., Salman, F., Sargrn, M., Ozer, E., Karsidaǧ, K., Salman, S., Gedik, S., Satman, I., Dinccaǧ, N., Yilmaz, M. T., Lloyd, A., Hopkinson, P. K., Testa, M. A., Blonde, L., Turner, R. R., Hayes, J., Simonson, D. C., Ven, N. C. W., Lubach, C. H. C., Snoek, F. J., Mollema, E. D., Ploeg, H. M., Danne, T., Hoey, H., Mcgee, H., Fitzgerald, H., Lernmark, B., Thernlund, G., Fredin, K., Hagglof, B., Lugari, R., Anna, C., Ugolotti, D., Dei Cas, A., Barilli, A. L., Sard, L., Marani, B., Iotti, M., Zandomeneghi, R., Gnudi, A., Kjems, L. L., Volund, Aa, Toft-Nielsen, M., Damholt, M. B., Hilsted, L., Hughes, T. E., Krarup, T., Holst, J. J., Young, A., Gottlieb, A., Fineman, M., Kolterman, O., Cancelas, J., Garcia-Martinez, J. A., Villanueva-Penacarrillo, M. L., Valverde, I., Malaisse, W. J., Filipsson, K., Ahren, B., Balkan, B., Kwasnik, L., Battle, B., Li, X., Egan, J. M., Clocquet, A. R., Elahi, D., Petrella, E., Pricket, K., Petersen, K. F., Sullivan, J. T., Amatruda, J. M., Livingston, J. N., Shulman, G. I., Freyse, E-J, Knospe, S., Glund, K., Demuth, H-U, Walker, D., Malik, R. A., Reljanovic, M., Barada, A., Milicevic, Z., Tack, Cees J., Croatian Study Group for Diabetic Amyotrophy, Goldstein, David S., Huysen, C., Stevens, M. J., Cao, X., Sundkvist, G., Dahlin, L-B, Eriksson, K-F, Rosen, I., Lattimer, S. A., Sima, A. A. F., Sullivan, K., Shaw, J. E., Courten, M. P., Zimmet, P. Z., Gourdy, P., Ruidavets, J. B., Arveiler, D., Amouyel, Ph, Bingham, A., Tauber, J. P., Lam, K. S. L., Wat, N. M. S., Lam, T. H., Janus, E. D., Pablos, P., Rodriguez, F., Martinez, J., Sanchez, V., Santana, C., Garcia, I., Macias, A., Levin, K., Hother-Nielsen, O., Henriksen, J. E., Beck-Nielsen, H., Brechtel, K., Machann, J., Koch, M., Nielsen, M., Loblein, K., Becker, R., Denignger, M., Renn, W., Machicao, F., Claussen, C. D., Schick, F., Diraison, F., Moulin, P., Beylot, M., Thams, P., Capito, K., Eliasson, Lena, Barg, Sebastian, Gopel, Sven, Kanno, Takahiro, Renstrom, Erik, Meda, P., Charollais, A., Gjnovci, A., Calabrese, A., Wonkam, A., Caton, D., Wisznievski, L., Serre, V., Cogne, F., Bauquis, J., Bosco, D., Huarte, J., Herrera, P., Gotfredsen, C. F., Vessby, B., Kanwu, Study Group, Manuel Y Keenoy, B., Engelen, W., Vertommen, J., Schrans, S., Louheranta, A., Lindstrom, J., Tuomilehto, J., Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group, Segal, K. R., Heymsfield, S., Hauptman, J., Boldrin, M., Lucas, C., Pandolfi, A., Cetrullo, D., Polishchuck, R., Alberta, M., Pellegrini, G., Calafiore, A., Vitacolonna, E., Capani, F., Consoli, A., Halleux, C. M., Gillot, E. F., Brichard, S. M., Planken, M., Corthouts, B., Peiffer, F., Scholten, D., Walke, M., Assert, R., Pirags, V., Pedula, K. L., Hillier, T. A., Brown, J. B., Eurodiab, Prospective Complications Study Group, Santini, S. A., Marra, G., Cotroneo, P., Manto, A., Di Leo, M. A. S., Di Gregorio, S., Tordi, A., Pitocco, D., Ruotolo, V., Ghirlanda, G., Temelkova-Kurktschiev, T., Schaper, F., Koehler, C., Henkel, E., Hanefeld, M., Mancini, L., Citterio, F., Cotroneo, A., Ceroone, S., Castagneto, M., Rajbhandari, S. M., Dent, M. T., Plater, M. E., Harris, N. D., Tesfaye, S., Ward, J. D., Dupuy, O., Mayaudon, H., Lecoules, S., Bauduceau, B., Palou, M., Farret, O., Molinie, C., Antonelli-Incalzi, R., Fuso, L., Giordano, A., Calcagni, M. L., Todaro, L., Basso, S., Tramaglino, L. M., Troncone, L., Pistelli, R., Guillot, R., Bringuier, A., Porokhov, B., Guillausseau, P. J., Feldmann, G., Zivanic, S., Cizmic, M., Dragojevic, R., Vanovic, M., Borghouts, L. B., Kranenburg, G. P. J., Schaart, G., Keizer, H. A., Niess, A. M., Dickuth, H. H., Lutz, O., Barbe, P., Calazel-Fournier, C., Hernandez, G., Saint-Martin, F., Galitzky, J., Goncalves, A. A., Da Silva, E. C., Brito, I. J. L., Da Silva, C. A., Lawrence, N. J., Kousta, E., Mulnier, H., Penny, A., Millauer, B., Johnston, D. G., Robinson, S., Perriello, G., Pimenta, W., Pampanelli, S., Lucidi, P., Lepore, M., Porcellati, F., Cordoni, M. C., Feo, P., Bolli, G. B., Sjostrand, M., Holmang, A., Lonnroth, P., Hauer, B., Grauer, P., Artzner, S., Lang, R., Stumvoll, M., Monti, L. D., Piatti, P. M., Gemone, F., Valsecchi, G., Magni, M., Barbieri, E., Setola, E., Sandoli, E. P., Galli-Kienle, M., Pontiroli, A. E., Nichols, Gregory A., Brown, Jonathan B., Salzsieder, E., Boltz, H., Ramirez, J. C., Rutscher, A., Fischer, U., Koenig, Ch, Friske, M., Schramm, W., Landgraf, R., Bachmann, W., Bangemann, M., Groeneveld, G., Edvell, Anders, Lindstrom, Per, Tsiotra, P., Koukourava, A., Raptis, S. A., Tsigos, C., Boutou, E., Triandaffilopoulou, A., Egido, E. M., Rodriguez-Gallardo, J., Gutierrez, E., Garcia, P., Silvestre, R. A., Marco, J., Khan, Akhtar, Ling, Zong-Chao, Ahren, Bo, Efendic, Suad, Bunting, C., Du, X., Zhi Sui, G., Rosen, P., Koschinsky, T., Kearney, T. M., Sharp, P. S., Lapolla, A., Fedele, D., Martano, L., Garbeglio, M., Seraglia, R., Favretto, D., Traldi, P., Meerwaldt, R., Smit, A. J., Links, Th P., V Roon, A. M., Graaf, R., Gans, R. O. B., Deyneli, O., Ersoz, H. O., Gogas, D., Fak, A. S., Akalin, S., Veglio, M., Sivieri, R., Chinaglia, A., Scaglione, L., Neuropathy Study Group of the Italian Society of the Study of Diabetes, Le, T., Wong, N., Detrano, R., Charles, M. A., Colhoun, H. M., Francis, D. P., Rubens, M., Underwood, S. R., Fuller, J. H., Knudsen, E., Sato, A., Nielsen, F. S., Bonora, E., Kiechl, S., Willeit, J., Oberhollenzer, F., Egger, G., Bonadonna, R., Muggeo, M., Festa, A., D Agostino, R. Jr, Howard, G., Mykkanen, L., Tracy, R. P., Haffner, S. M., Poulsen, P., Vach, K., European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR), Ijzerman, R. G., Bakker, S. J. L., Truster, J., Crowther, N. J., Cameron, N., Gray, I. P., Chaillous, L., Carel, J. C., Thivolet, C., Boitard, C., Charbonnel, B., Sai, P., Study Group, D. I. O. R., Decochez, K., Keymeulen, B., Somers, G., Dorchy, H., Rottiers, R., Winnock, F., Ver Elst, K., Weets, I., Pipeleers, D., Gorus, F., Seebaum, S., Schumm-Draeger, P-M, Petzoldt, R., Federlin, K., Bonnevie-Nielsen, V., Martensen, P. M., Justesen, J., Worsaa, A., Karlsson, Maria, Sederholm, Sofia, Ludvigsson, Johnny, Belicar, P., Dale, C., Vague, Ph, Alessis, C., Lassmann-Vague, V., Bode, B. W., Gross, T. M., Ghegan, M., Steed, R. D., Davidson, P. C., Ordonez, A., Rubio, J. L., Sulleiro, J. M., Buendia, J. P., Zamora, J., Castillo, M., Schaupp, L., Ellmerer, M., Brunner, G. A., Sendlhofer, G., Schlack, Ch, Skrabal, F., Wach, P., Pieber, T. R., Heinemann, L., Kramer, U., Klotzer, H. M., Hermann, M., Non-Invasive Task Force, Cosgrove, K. E., Chapman, J. C., Shepherd, R. M., Mcintyre, S., Butler, P. C., Dunne, M. J., Brekardin, E., Dorschner, H., Schwanstecher, C., Schwanstecher, M., Uhde, I., Emmanouilidou, E., Teschemacher, A. G., Pouli, A. E., Gylfe, E., Tengholm, A., Hellman, B., Perfetti, R., Aggarwal, S., Muller, Gunter, Welte, Stefan, Wied, Susanne, Valverde, A. M., Mur, C., Kahn, C. R., Benito, M., Rondinone, C. M., Peterson, T., Laviola, L., Belsanti, G., Logoluso, F., Napoli, R., Davalli, A. M., Weir, G. C., Giorgino, R., Giorgino, F., Flesch, S., Hompesch, B., Rave, K., Susanto, F., Kuhn-Velten, W. N., Heise, T., Rendell, M., Dole, J., Rosiglitazone Study Group, Esper, R. J., Stein, E., Lemme, L., Cerivastatin/Bezafibrate Latin America Study Group, Rubinstein, A., Maritz, F. J., Soule, S., Market, A., Chajek-Shaul, T., Maislos, M., Tal, S., Stolero, D., Hidm, Investigators, Josefsen, K., Beckmann, H., Petersen, C., Ekman, R., Efanova, I., Zaitsev, S., Berggren, P. O., Birkenbach, M., Holl, R. W., Rosenbauer, J., Grabert, M., German Working Group on Quality Control, Icks, A., Schwab, O., Reile, K., German Pediat. Working Group, Janssen, M. M. J., Jongh, R. T., Casteleijn, S., Masurel, N., Hoogma, R. P. L. M., Santeusanio, F., Brunetti, P., Fanelli, C. G., Laureti, S., Bartocci, L., Maran, A., Crepaldi, C., Trupiani, S., Macdonald, I. A., Avogaro, A., Bouman, S. D., Keitz, M., Bruggink, J. E., Scheurink, A. J. W., Strubbe, J. H., Steffens, A. B., Ferguson, S. C., Mccrimmon, R. J., Perros, P., Best, J. J. K., Deary, I. J., Frier, B. M., Robinson, R. T. C. E., Ireland, N. H., Bedford, C., Fairclough, E., Hudson, S., Heller, S. R., Borch-Johnsen, K., Berger, M., Overmann, H., Bender, R., Blank, M., Sawicki, P., Jorgens, V., Muhlhauser, I., Nosadini, R., Sailer, A., Dalla Vestra, M., Brocco, E., Piarulli, F., Frigato, F., Sambataro, M., Velussi, M., Baggio, B., Fioretto, P., Jager, A., Hinsbergh, V. W. M., Kostense, P. J., Nrjpels, G., Gade, P., Pedersen, O., Andrysiak-Mamos, E., Majkowska, L., Krzyzanowska, B., Pilarska, K., Czekalski, S., Mazzon, C., Brocco, S., Field, L. L., Nejentsev, S., Gombos, Z., Veijola, R., Knip, M., Simell, O., Vaarala, O., Akerblom, H. K., Ilonen, J., Krokowski, M., Bodalski, J., Andrzejewski, W., Lawnik, M., Teodorczyk, A., Heinrich, A., Caillat-Zucman, S., Buzzetti, R., Petrone, A., Mesturino, C., Giorgi, G., Fiori, R., Nistico, L., Di Genova, G., Cascino, I., Kloting, I., Kovacs, P., Mckinney, P. A., Okasha, M., Parslow, R. C., Law, G. R., Gurney, K. A., Williams, R., Bodansky, H. J., Herzig, P., Giani, G., Vervoort, G., Lutterman, J. A., Berden, J. H. M., Wetzels, J. F. M., Paniagua, O., Shaw, L., Austin, C., Heagerty, A. M., Seppala-Lindroos, A., Vehkavaara, S., Yki-Jarvinen, H., Caballero, A. E., Lim, S. C., Logerfo, F. W., Horton, E. S., Zembowicz, A., Fragasso, G., Caumo, A., Phan, V. C., Costa, S., Conti, M., Chierchia, S. 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J., Quinones Galvan, A., Simeoni, M., Basu, A., Uosukainen, A., Makimattila, S., Schlenzka, A., Adler, A. I., Levy, J., Stevens, R., Matthews, D., Holman, R., Boland, B. J., Jeanjean, M., Hermans, M. P., Maudoigt, C., Tonglet, R., Robert, A., Cini, G., Galetta, F., Sanna, G., Gernone, F., Janssen, M. J., Gonera, R. K., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., Leeuw, P. W., Schaper, N. C., Moleda, P., Kuczerowski, R., Czech, A., Taton, J., Taddei, S., Patiag, D., Qu, X., Wilkes, M., Gray, S., Seale, J. P., Donnelly, R., Campion, J., Maestro, B., Davila, N., Carranza, M. C., Calle, C., Hales, C. N., Fernandez-Real, J. M., Grasa, M., Pugeat, M., Barret, C., Ricart, W., Lindmark, S., Olsson, T., Tufvesson, M., Loeblein, K., Mehnert, B., Haering, H. 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S., Murphy, L., Rodger, N. W., Ross, S. A., Ryan, E., Yale, J-F, Wolever, T. M. S., Haller, T., Elias, I., Segal, P., Standi, E., Rybka, J., Sencer, E., Schlcnzka, A., Vakkilainen, J., Tsaglis, H., Ioannidis, I., Giakoumaki, A., Amantou, A., Komitopoulos, N., Georgiou, S., Varsamis, E., Katsilambros, N., El Gayar, M., Shereba, N., Botros, R., Fikry, R., Jackson, D., Balme, M., Silva-Nunes, J., Alves, J., Bogalho, P., Gardete-Correia, L., Nunes-Correa, J., Kot Atkova, A., Nemcova, D., Vrbikova, J., Zamrazil, V., Meyer, L., Delbachian, I., Lehert, P., Cugnardey, N., Drouin, P., Guerci, B., Wagner, O. F., Jones, N. P., Vallance, S. E., Thompson, K. A., Miller, A. K., Inglis, A. M. L., Patterson, S., Jorkasky, D., Freed, M. I., Mathisen, A. L., Schneider, R., Rubin, C., Houser, V., Beebe, K. L., Kortboyer, J. M., Eckland, D. J. 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E., Niekerk, N., Rosenkranz, B., Schoenle, E., Hoe, Study Group, Witthaus, Elke, Bradley, Clare, Stewart, John, Barbeau, M., Myers, S., Flora, D., Dimarchi, R., Chance, R., Plum, A., Larsen, P. S., Larsen, U. D., Kristensen, J. B., Jansen, J. A., Olsen, B., Mortensen, H., Hylleberg, B., Jacobsen, L. V., Gall, M-A, Sogaard, B., Ewing, F. M., Ireland, R. H., Hoogwerf, B., Raskin, P., Jovanovic, L., Leiter, L., Boss, A. H., Bott, U., Ebrahim, S., Hirschberger, S., Leukel, P., Sieber, H. J., Mcgill, J., Kilo, C., Kamp, N. M., Wutte, A., Le Thai, F., Balarac, N., Allicar, M. P., Cazeneuve, B., Augendre, B., Wise, S. D., Seah, E. S., Koivisto, V., Torlone, E., Del Sindaco, P., Ciofetta, M., Hedman, C., Orre Pettersson, A-C, Lindstrom, T., Cernigoi, A. M., Kong, N., Kitchen, M. M., Ryder, R. E. 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60. A successful student internship program
- Author
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Schneider, M. L., primary, Coulter, N. S., additional, and Munson, J. C., additional
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. Carbonyldihydrido(trimethylgermyl)bis(triphenylphosphine)iridium(III) hemibenzene solvate, C40H41GeIrOP2.1/2C6H6
- Author
-
Bell, N. A., primary, Glockling, F., additional, Schneider, M. L., additional, Shearer, H. M. M., additional, and Wilbey, M. D., additional
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. Terminal beryllium–hydrogen bonding in dimeric (2-dimethylamino-N-methylethylamido)hydridoberyllium, [Be2(C5H13N2)2H2]
- Author
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Bell, N. A., primary, Coates, G. E., additional, Schneider, M. L., additional, and Shearer, H. M. M., additional
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
63. Bacteriology of Otorrhea From Tympanostomy Tubes
- Author
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Schneider, M. L., primary
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
64. An overview of ergonomic considerations in computer systems
- Author
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Schneider, M. L., primary, Arble, F. B., additional, Olson, N., additional, and Wolff, D., additional
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. Crystal and molecular structures of two isomeric tri(tertiary phosphine) complexes of manganese(I) and chromium(0)
- Author
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Bird, P. H., primary, Coville, N. J., additional, Butler, I. S., additional, and Schneider, M. L., additional
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
66. Classifying users: a hard look at some controversial issues
- Author
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Potosnak, K., primary, Hayes, P. J., additional, Rosson, M. B., additional, Schneider, M. L., additional, and Whiteside, J. A., additional
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF TWO ISOMERIC TRI(TERTIARY PHOSPHINE) COMPLEXES OF MANGANESE(I) AND CHROMIUM(0) (I)
- Author
-
BIRD, P. H., primary, COVILLE, N. J., additional, BUTLER, I. S., additional, and SCHNEIDER, M. L., additional
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. Crystal structure of a tri-tertiary phosphine complex of manganese(I) and chromium(0)
- Author
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Schneider, M. L., primary, Coville, N. J., additional, and Butler, I. S., additional
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. Recherches sur la caséine. I. La caséine n'est pas un corps homogène. Etude de son fractionnement par le chlorure d'ammonium
- Author
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CHERBULIEZ, E., primary and SCHNEIDER, M. L., additional
- Published
- 1933
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL‐GERMANIUM‐KOMPLEXE
- Author
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GLOCKLING, F., primary, MCGREGOR, A., additional, SCHNEIDER, M. L., additional, and SHEARER, H. M. M., additional
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
71. ChemInform Abstract: KRISTALLSTRUKTUR EINES (TETRAPHENYLPORPHIN)-SILBER-TETRAPHENYLPORPHIN-MOLEKUELMISCHKRISTALLS
- Author
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SCHNEIDER, M. L., primary
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
72. ChemInform Abstract: KRISTALLSTRUKTUR VON TRANS-CHLORO-HYDRIDO-BIS-(TRIAETHYLPHOSPHIN)-PALLADIUM
- Author
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SCHNEIDER, M. L., primary and SHEARER, H. M. M., additional
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- 1973
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73. "How I do it"--otology and neurotology. A specific issue and its solution. Merthiolate in treatment of otomycosis.
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Schneider, Martin L. and Schneider, M L
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- 1981
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74. A successful student internship program.
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Schneider, M. L., Coulter, N. S., and Munson, J. C.
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- 1978
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75. The Effect of Mild Stress During Pregnancy on Birthweight and Neuromotor Maturation in Rhesus Monkey Infants (Macaca mulatta)
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Schneider, M. L.
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- 1992
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76. Perpendicular ferromagnetic resonance measurements of damping and Landé g- factor in sputtered (Co2Mn)1-xGex thin films.
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Nembach, H. T., Silva, T. J., Shaw, J. M., Schneider, M. L., Carey, M. J., Maat, S., and Childress, J. R.
- Subjects
- *
FERROMAGNETISM , *RESONANCE , *ALLOYS , *THIN films , *ANNEALING of metals - Abstract
X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetometry, and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements were performed on sputtered thin films of the nominal Heusler alloy (Co2Mn)1-xGex with varying Ge content and annealing temperatures. XRD indicates some degree of B2 alloy formation, with strong (110) texturing. FMR measurements were performed in a perpendicular geometry that minimized the contribution of two-magnon scattering to the linewidth. The FMR data indicate a significant increase in linewidth for samples that lack a well-defined (220) peak, presumably as a result of inhomogeneous line broadening. Samples annealed at 200?°C exhibit decreasing Landau-Lifshitz damping with increasing Ge content, while samples annealed at 245 and 300?°C have a nonlinear dependence of linewidth on frequency. The nonlinear component of the linewidth data was successfully fit with a generalized theory of slowly relaxing impurities, originally proposed by Van Vleck and Orbach. The modified theory includes the possibility of transverse coherence during the relaxation process. Magnetometry and FMR spectroscopy results were analyzed in the context of Malozemoff's generalized Slater-Pauling (GSP) theory, with the conclusion that the Ge sites support a significant negative-polarized spin density of several tens of percent. The GSP analysis results were consistent with a more conventional analysis of the spectroscopic g-factor that is appropriate for alloys. The proportionality of the strength of the slow-relaxer contribution to the damping suggests that the negatively polarized Ge atoms are acting as the slowly relaxing impurities in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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77. An efficient synthesis of dopamine transporter tracer [¹⁸F]FECNT.
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Murali D, Barnhart TE, Vandehey NT, Christian BT, Nickles RJ, Converse AK, Larson JA, Holden JE, Schneider ML, and Dejesus OT
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- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins analysis, Fluorine Radioisotopes chemistry, Nortropanes chemical synthesis
- Abstract
A simple synthesis of the dopamine transporter ligand [(18)F]FECNT with high radiochemical yield and short synthesis time, suitable for routine production is reported. Reaction of 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-chlorophenyl)nortropane with [(18)F]2-fluoroethyl triflate ([(18)F]FEtOTf) at room temperature for 4 min provided [(18)F]FECNT in 84% decay corrected radiochemical yield. Since [(18)F]FEtOTf was prepared from [(18)F]2-fluoroethyl bromide that was isolated from its starting material, formation of unwanted side products and the amount of expensive precursor used could be greatly reduced. The overall radiochemical yields of [(18)F]FECNT were 40% (n=29) and the total synthesis time was ca. 100 min. The average specific activity of [(18)F]FECNT was 377.4 GBq/μmol (10.2 Ci/μmol)., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2013
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78. Specific α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding of [F-18]nifene in the rhesus monkey.
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Hillmer AT, Wooten DW, Moirano JM, Slesarev M, Barnhart TE, Engle JW, Nickles RJ, Murali D, Schneider ML, Mukherjee J, and Christian BT
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- Animals, Binding Sites physiology, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain metabolism, Female, Macaca mulatta, Male, Neuroimaging methods, Positron-Emission Tomography methods, Protein Binding physiology, Pyridines metabolism, Pyrroles metabolism, Receptors, Nicotinic metabolism
- Abstract
Objective: [F-18]Nifene is a PET radioligand developed to image α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the brain. This work assesses the in vivo binding and imaging characteristics of [F-18]nifene in rhesus monkeys for the development of PET experiments examining nAChR binding., Methods: Dynamic PET imaging experiments with [F-18]nifene were acquired in four anesthetized Macaca mulatta (rhesus) monkeys using a microPET P4 scanner. Data acquisition was initiated with a bolus injection of 109 ± 17 MBq [F-18]nifene and the time course of the radioligand in the brain was measured for up to 120 min. For two experiments, a displacement dose of (-)nicotine (0.03 mg kg(-1) , i.v.) was given 45-60 min post injection and followed 30 min later with a second [F-18]nifene injection to measure radioligand nondisplaceable uptake. Time activity curves were extracted in the regions of the antereoventral thalamus (AVT), lateral geniculate nucleus region (LGN), frontal cortex, and the cerebellum (CB)., Results: The highest levels of [F-18]nifene uptake were observed in the AVT and LGN. Target-to-CB ratios reached maximum values of 3.3 ± 0.4 in the AVT and 3.2 ± 0.3 in the LGN 30-45 min postinjection. Significant binding of [F-18]nifene was observed in the subiculum, insula cortex, temporal cortex, cingulate gyrus, frontal cortex, striatum, and midbrain areas. The (-)nicotine displaced bound [F-18]nifene to near background levels within 15 min postdrug injection. No discernable displacement was observed in the CB, suggesting its potential as a reference region. Logan graphical estimates using the CB as a reference region yielded binding potentials of 1.6 ± 0.2 in the AVT and 1.3 ± 0.1 in the LGN. The postnicotine injection displayed uniform nondisplaceable uptake of [F-18]nifene throughout gray and white brain matter., Conclusions: [F-18]Nifene exhibits rapid equilibration and a moderately high target to background binding profile in the α4β2* nAChR rich regions of the brain, thus providing favorable imaging characteristics as a PET radiotracer for nAChR assay., (Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
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- 2011
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79. Prenatal stress, moderate fetal alcohol, and dopamine system function in rhesus monkeys.
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Roberts AD, Moore CF, DeJesus OT, Barnhart TE, Larson JA, Mukherjee J, Nickles RJ, Schueller MJ, Shelton SE, and Schneider ML
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- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Cognition physiology, Female, Inhibition, Psychological, Macaca mulatta, Male, Motor Activity drug effects, Pregnancy, Random Allocation, Stereotyped Behavior drug effects, Tomography, Emission-Computed methods, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Central Nervous System Depressants pharmacology, Dopamine metabolism, Ethanol pharmacology, Fetus drug effects, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Stress, Psychological
- Abstract
This study examined the striatal dopamine system integrity and associated behavior in 5- to 7-year-old rhesus monkeys born from mothers that experienced stress and/or consumed moderate levels of alcohol during pregnancy. Thirty-one young adult rhesus monkeys were derived from females randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) control group that consumed isocaloric sucrose solution throughout gestation; (2) stress group that experienced prenatal stress (10-min removal from home cage and exposure to three random loud noise bursts, gestational days 90 through 145); (3) alcohol group that consumed alcohol (0.6 g/kg/day) throughout gestation; or (4) combined alcohol plus stress group that received both treatments. The subjects were assessed for striatal dopamine system function using positron emission tomography (PET), in which the dopamine (DA)-rich striatum was evaluated in separate scans for the trapping of [(18)F]-Fallypride (FAL) and 6-[(18)F]fluoro-m-tyrosine (FMT) to assess dopamine D2 receptor binding potential (BP) and DA synthesis via dopa decarboxylase activity, respectively. Subjects were previously assessed for non-matching-to-sample (NMS) task acquisition, with ratings of behavioral inhibition, stereotypies, and activity made after each NMS testing session. Subjects from prenatal stress conditions (Groups 2 and 4) showed an increase in the ratio of striatal dopamine D2 receptor BP and DA synthesis compared to controls (Group 1). An increase in the radiotracer distribution volume ratios (DVRs), which is used to evaluate the balance between striatal DA synthesis and receptor availability, respectively, was significantly correlated with less behavioral inhibition. The latter supports a hypothesis linking striatal function to behavioral inhibitory control.
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- 2004
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80. TOJ3, a target of the v-Jun transcription factor, encodes a protein with transforming activity related to human microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1).
- Author
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Bader AG, Schneider ML, Bister K, and Hartl M
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- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies metabolism, Base Sequence, Blotting, Northern, Carrier Proteins chemistry, Cell Nucleolus metabolism, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Chick Embryo, Chromatography, Cloning, Molecular, Coturnix, DNA metabolism, DNA, Complementary metabolism, Doxycycline pharmacology, Enzyme Activation, Fibroblasts metabolism, Humans, Kinetics, Mice, Models, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, Nuclear Proteins chemistry, Precipitin Tests, Protein Binding, Protein Biosynthesis, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Proteins metabolism, RNA metabolism, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Retroviridae genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Time Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Transcriptional Activation, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Avian Proteins, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Neoplasm Proteins genetics, Neoplasm Proteins metabolism, Nuclear Proteins metabolism, Oncogene Protein p65(gag-jun) metabolism
- Abstract
Using the established quail cell line Q/d3 conditionally transformed by the v-jun oncogene, cDNA clones (TOJ2, TOJ3, TOJ5, TOJ6) were isolated by representational difference analysis (RDA) that correspond to genes which were induced immediately upon conditional activation of v-jun. One of these genes, TOJ3, is immediately and specifically activated after doxycycline-mediated v-jun induction, with kinetics similar to the induction of well characterized direct AP-1 target genes. TOJ3 is neither activated upon conditional activation of v-myc, nor in cells or cell lines non-conditionally transformed by oncogenes other than v-jun. Sequence analysis revealed that the TOJ3-specific cDNA encodes a 530-amino acid protein with significant sequence similarities to the murine or human microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1, MSP58), a nucleolar protein that directly interacts with the ICP22 regulatory protein from herpes simplex virus 1 or with p120, a proliferation-related protein expressed at high levels in most human malignant tumor cells. Similar to its mammalian counterparts, the TOJ3 protein contains a bipartite nuclear localization motif and a forkhead associated domain (FHA). Using polyclonal antibodies directed against a recombinant amino-terminal TOJ3 protein segment, the activation of TOJ3 in jun-transformed fibroblasts was also demonstrated at the protein level by specific detection of a polypeptide with an apparent M(r) of 65 000. Retroviral expression of the TOJ3 gene in quail or chicken embryo fibroblasts induces anchorage-independent growth, indicating that the immediate activation of TOJ3 in fibroblasts transformed by the v-jun oncogene contributes to cell transformation.
- Published
- 2001
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81. Notch signaling can inhibit Xath5 function in the neural plate and developing retina.
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Schneider ML, Turner DL, and Vetter ML
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Motifs genetics, Animals, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Binding Sites genetics, Blastomeres cytology, Blastomeres drug effects, Blastomeres metabolism, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Central Nervous System cytology, Central Nervous System metabolism, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Eye Proteins genetics, Female, Fungal Proteins genetics, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental physiology, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Luminescent Proteins genetics, Membrane Proteins genetics, Neurons cytology, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases genetics, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases metabolism, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger pharmacology, Receptors, Notch, Retina cytology, Retina metabolism, Retinal Ganglion Cells cytology, Retinal Ganglion Cells metabolism, Transcription Factors genetics, Tubulin metabolism, Xenopus laevis metabolism, Cell Differentiation physiology, Central Nervous System embryology, Eye Proteins metabolism, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Neurons metabolism, Retina embryology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Transcription Factors metabolism, Xenopus Proteins, Xenopus laevis embryology
- Abstract
Neuronal differentiation is regulated by both positive and negative regulatory factors; however, precisely how these factors interact to regulate retinogenesis is still unclear. We have examined the ability of the Notch pathway to modulate the function of the basic helix-loop-helix factor Xath5. Overexpression of Xath5 by RNA injection into cleavage-stage blastomeres promotes ectopic neurogenesis at neural plate stages and ganglion cell differentiation in the developing retina. We found that these activities of Xath5 could be inhibited by coexpression of activated Notch. Notch inhibition of Xath5 function was reversed by coexpression with the zinc finger protein X-MyT1. The Notch effector enhancer-of-split related 1 (ESR1) also blocked Xath5 activity but efficient inhibition by ESR1 required the DNA binding basic domain and the conserved WRPW motif. In addition, ESR1 inhibited the ability of Xath5 to directly activate the expression of XBrn3d, a transcription factor involved in retinal ganglion cell development. Xath5 could upregulate expression of X-Delta-1, ESR1, and ESR3, suggesting that Xath5 participates in a regulatory loop with the Notch pathway.
- Published
- 2001
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82. Moderate alcohol during pregnancy: learning and behavior in adolescent rhesus monkeys.
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Schneider ML, Moore CF, and Kraemer GW
- Subjects
- Animals, Ethanol administration & dosage, Female, Impulsive Behavior, Irritable Mood, Macaca mulatta, Motor Activity, Pregnancy, Stereotyped Behavior, Stress, Physiological complications, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Ethanol pharmacology, Learning drug effects, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
- Abstract
Background: Although high-dose prenatal alcohol exposure is related to cognitive and behavioral impairments in children and adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome, there is relatively little research on the effects of moderate drinking during pregnancy. We examined learning, memory, and behavior in adolescent rhesus monkeys prenatally exposed to moderate levels of alcohol, psychological stress, or both alcohol and stress., Methods: Forty adolescent rhesus monkey subjects were derived from four groups of female rhesus monkeys that (1) consumed alcohol throughout gestation; (2) experienced prenatal stress; (3) experienced prenatal stress and alcohol consumption; or (4) control group (no alcohol, no stress). The subjects were assessed for number of trials required to reach 90% criterion of correct responses on nonmatching-to-sample task (NMS), followed by trials with delays of 30, 60, or 120 sec. Ratings of behavior during testing were made after each session., Results: Subjects exposed to moderate prenatal alcohol required significantly more trials to reach criterion on the acquisition phase of the NMS task but had no difficulty with delays. Prenatally stressed monkeys showed lower response inhibition or less behavioral restraint, whereas prenatal alcohol plus stress monkeys showed higher activity level and stereotypies compared with controls. High scores on neonatal measures of orientation (attending to novel stimuli) and motor maturity and low scores on irritability, activity, stereotypies, and impulsivity during acquisition were correlated with fewer trials to criterion on acquisition of NMS., Conclusions: NMS trials required to reach criterion and behavior during testing are sensitive to moderate-level prenatal alcohol exposure in monkeys. The most adverse behavioral outcomes (hyperactivity and stereotypies) were associated with prenatal alcohol plus stress, raising concerns that environmental stress might provide the context within which fetal alcohol exposure could promote adverse behavioral outcomes. These effects occurred in the absence of either facial deformities or retarded physical growth.
- Published
- 2001
83. Prenatal stress alters early neurobehavior, stress reactivity and learning in non-human primates: a brief review.
- Author
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Schneider ML, Moore CF, Roberts AD, and Dejesus O
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Anxiety, Separation metabolism, Anxiety, Separation psychology, Attention, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System metabolism, Macaca mulatta, Motor Activity, Pituitary-Adrenal System metabolism, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications psychology, Stress, Psychological psychology, Behavior, Animal, Learning, Maternal Behavior, Pregnancy Complications etiology, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Stress, Psychological complications
- Abstract
In this paper we review three prospective longitudinal studies from our laboratory examining the effects of prenatal stress on early neuro behavior, stress reactivity and learning performance in rhesus monkeys. Either a noise stressor or ACTH treatment was administered to pregnant monkeys during specific periods of pregnancy and offspring were examined repeatedly across development. In all three studies, the prenatally stressed monkeys showed reduced attention and impaired neuromotor functioning during the first month of life compared to controls from undisturbed pregnancies. When the monkeys were separated from their mothers or peers at 6-8 months of age, prenatally stressed monkeys exhibited more disturbance behavior and showed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. During adolescence, they exhibited impairments in learning, compared to controls.
- Published
- 2001
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84. Timing of moderate alcohol exposure during pregnancy and neonatal outcome in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
- Author
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Schneider ML, Moore CF, and Becker EF
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Birth Weight, Female, Gestational Age, Macaca mulatta, Male, Maternal Behavior, Motor Activity, Pregnancy, Time Factors, Animals, Newborn, Ethanol administration & dosage, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Pregnancy Outcome
- Abstract
Background: Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure can contribute to neurodevelopmental deficits in nonhuman primate offspring. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of gestational timing of alcohol exposure on neurobehavior with a nonhuman primate model., Methods: Sixty-three rhesus monkey infants (Macaca mulatta), from four groups of females, were assessed: (1) an early alcohol-exposed group, in which mothers voluntarily consumed alcohol on gestational days 0 through 50; (2) a mid to late gestation alcohol-exposed group, in which mothers consumed an identical dose on gestation days 50 through 135; (3) a continuous-exposure group, in which mothers consumed an identical dose on days 0 through 135 or days 0 through 165; and (4) controls, in which mothers voluntarily consumed an isocaloric control solution on gestational days 0 through 50, 50 through 135, 0 through 135, or 0 through 165. Data were obtained on offspring for measures of growth and neurobehavior., Results: There were no effects of alcohol on birthweight, gestation length, or ponderal index. Prenatal exposure to alcohol during early gestation significantly decreased scores on infant neurobehavioral tests overall in multivariate tests, after controlling for birthweight. Univariate tests showed that early gestation alcohol exposure was related to reductions in infant orientation and motor maturity. Mid- to late-gestation exposure also resulted in a reduction in motor maturity but did not affect overall neurobehavioral performance in the multivariate tests., Conclusions: Early-gestation alcohol exposure is as deleterious to neonatal neurobehavior as late-gestation or continuous exposure. Moreover, neurobehavior seems to be a more sensitive marker of early-gestation moderate alcohol exposure than growth parameters. Women who are attempting to become pregnant should minimize frequent social drinking, because subtle neurodevelopmental effects to the fetus may be induced before pregnancy is detected.
- Published
- 2001
85. Structure, function, and dynamics of the dimerization and DNA-binding domain of oncogenic transcription factor v-Myc.
- Author
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Fieber W, Schneider ML, Matt T, Kräutler B, Konrat R, and Bister K
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors, Chickens, Circular Dichroism, DNA genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins chemistry, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Dimerization, Entropy, Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs, Leucine Zippers, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Molecular Sequence Data, Motion, Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc) genetics, Protein Denaturation, Protein Folding, Protein Structure, Secondary, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Sequence Alignment, Solubility, Structure-Activity Relationship, Temperature, Transcription Factors genetics, DNA metabolism, Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc) chemistry, Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc) metabolism, Transcription Factors chemistry, Transcription Factors metabolism
- Abstract
The protein product (c-Myc) of the protooncogene c-myc is a transcriptional regulator playing a key role in cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Deregulated myc genes, like the transduced retroviral v-myc allele, are oncogenic and cause cell transformation. The C-terminal bHLHZip domain of v-Myc, encompassing protein dimerization (helix-loop-helix, leucine zipper) and DNA contact (basic region) surfaces, was expressed in bacteria as a highly soluble p15(v-myc )recombinant protein. Dissociation constants (K(d)) for the heterodimer formed with the recombinant bHLHZip domain of the Myc binding partner Max (p14(max)) and for the Myc-Max-DNA complex were estimated using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and quantitative electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the solution structural and dynamic properties of the v-Myc bHLHZip domain. Significant secondary chemical shifts indicate the presence of two separated alpha-helical regions. The C-terminal leucine zipper region forms a compact alpha-helix, while the N-terminal basic region exhibits conformational averaging with substantial alpha-helical content. Both helices lack stabilizing tertiary side-chain interactions and represent exceptional examples for loosely coupled secondary structural segments in a native protein. These results and CD thermal denaturation data indicate a monomeric state of the v-Myc bHLHZip domain. The (15)N relaxation data revealed backbone mobilities which corroborate the existence of a partially folded state, and suggest a "beads-on-a-string" motional behaviour of the v-Myc bHLHZip domain in solution. The preformation of alpha-helical regions was confirmed by CD thermal denaturation studies, and quantification of the entropy changes caused by the hydrophobic effect and the reduction of conformational entropy upon protein dimerization. The restricted conformational space of the v-Myc bHLHZip domain reduces the entropy penalty associated with heterodimerization and allows rapid and accurate recognition by the authentic Myc binding partner Max., (Copyright 2001 Academic Press.)
- Published
- 2001
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86. NMR structure of phospho-tyrosine signaling complexes.
- Author
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Post CB, Gaul BS, Eisenmesser EZ, and Schneider ML
- Subjects
- Drug Design, Humans, Models, Structural, Protein Conformation, Phosphotyrosine chemistry, Phosphotyrosine physiology, Protein Sorting Signals chemistry, Protein Sorting Signals physiology
- Abstract
A structural basis for activation and substrate specificity of src tyrosine kinases, and regulation of protein-protein association by tyrosine phosphorylation is described. Lyn, a src-family tyrosine kinase, recognizes and phosphorylates the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif, ITAM, a critical component in transmembrane signal transduction in hemopoietic cells. The structure of an ITAM peptide substrate bound to an active form of Lyn tyrosine kinase was determined by high-resolution NMR, and a model of the complex was generated using the crystallographic structure of Lck, a closely related Src-family kinase. The results provide a rationale for the conserved ITAM residues and specificity of Lyn, and suggest that substrate plays a role in stabilizing the kinase conformation optimal for catalysis. It is our hope that the Lck-ITAM peptide model complex will be useful in aiding structure-based drug design efforts that target substrate binding determinants in the design. Concerning the regulation of protein-protein association, we report on a complex between erythrocyte band 3 and two glycolytic enzymes, aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The formation of this complex is negatively regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 by p72syk tyrosine kinase. In red blood cells, this association results in a decrease in glycolysis due to competitive inhibition of the glycolytic enzymes. The structure of band 3 recognized by the glycolytic enzymes was determined by solution NMR, and found to be a loop structure with tyrosine centrally positioned and excluded from intermolecular contact. This phosphorylation sensitive interaction, or PSI, loop may be the basis of a general mechanism for negative regulation through tyrosine phosphorylation., (Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
- Published
- 1999
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87. Prenatal stress alters brain biogenic amine levels in primates.
- Author
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Schneider ML, Clarke AS, Kraemer GW, Roughton EC, Lubach GR, Rimm-Kaufman S, Schmidt D, and Ebert M
- Subjects
- 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid metabolism, Aging metabolism, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Biogenic Amines cerebrospinal fluid, Brain growth & development, Female, Homovanillic Acid metabolism, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid metabolism, Macaca mulatta, Male, Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol metabolism, Noise, Norepinephrine metabolism, Pregnancy, Biogenic Amines metabolism, Brain metabolism, Pregnancy Complications psychology, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological
- Abstract
In this study, we assessed behavioral responses to social separation at 8 months of age and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of biogenic amines and metabolites at 8 and 18 months of age in 12 rhesus monkeys derived from either stressed or undisturbed pregnancies. Compared to controls from undisturbed pregnancies, prenatal stress-derived monkeys had higher concentrations of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in CSF than controls. Norepinephrine and MHPG response to stress were both correlated between 8 and 18 months of age. There were few group differences in behavior during social separation; however, several behavioral differences between groups were found when monkeys were reunited with cage mates. Prenatally stressed monkeys spent more time clinging to their surrogates and exploring (including eating and drinking), while controls showed more locomotion and social play with their cage mates. Collectively, our findings suggest that chronic unpredictable psychological stress during pregnancy has long-lasting effects on noradrenergic and dopaminergic activity and behavior in the offspring of gestationally stressed primate mothers.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
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88. Maternal endocrine activation during pregnancy alters neurobehavioral state in primate infants.
- Author
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Roughton EC, Schneider ML, Bromley LJ, and Coe CL
- Subjects
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone administration & dosage, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Anxiety, Separation, Endocrine System metabolism, Female, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Male, Models, Biological, Motor Activity drug effects, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Animal metabolism, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Stress, Psychological, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone pharmacology, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Endocrine System drug effects, Pregnancy, Animal drug effects
- Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether maternal endocrine activation during pregnancy would affect the neurobehavioral state of primate offspring in a manner similar to that observed in human infants from pregnancies involving maternal substance abuse or maternal stress., Method: Twenty-two rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) infants were derived from females administered either adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), which increased the mother's endocrine activity, or saline solutions for 14 consecutive days during mid-pregnancy. On days 15 and 30 postpartum, infants underwent brief separations from their mothers and were videotaped for later evaluation of neurobehavioral state., Results: Infants from mothers administered ACTH spent significantly more time in a drowsy state than did controls (p < .04), and the increased drowsiness tended to be most pronounced during the postseparation period, when acute stress was highest. In contrast, controls remained in a more active alert state (p < .03), presumably searching for their mother, a species-typical adaptive response to maternal separation. Female infants spent more time in distressed state than did males on day 15, and the proportion of time in distressed state decreased in all infants after administration of .2 ml of 24% sucrose solution., Conclusion: The results demonstrate that neurobehavioral state alterations are found in infants from mothers with increased endocrine activity during pregnancy. Neurobehavioral state disorganization can have an adverse impact on the human infant's concurrent and subsequent occupational performance. These findings establish the usefulness of the nonhuman primate model for advancing knowledge on early contributions to the development of human infant occupational behavior.
- Published
- 1998
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89. Effects of prenatal stress on behavior in adolescent rhesus monkeys.
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Clarke AS and Schneider ML
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Macaca mulatta, Motor Activity, Pregnancy, Stereotyped Behavior, Adaptation, Psychological, Pregnancy Complications psychology, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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90. Solution structure of a band 3 peptide inhibitor bound to aldolase: a proposed mechanism for regulating binding by tyrosine phosphorylation.
- Author
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Schneider ML and Post CB
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte genetics, Binding Sites, Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase metabolism, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Kinetics, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Molecular Structure, Peptide Fragments chemistry, Peptide Fragments genetics, Peptide Fragments metabolism, Phosphorylation, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Rabbits, Solutions, Thermodynamics, Tyrosine chemistry, Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte antagonists & inhibitors, Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte chemistry, Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase chemistry
- Abstract
Human erythrocyte band 3 inhibits glycolytic enzymes, including aldolase, by binding these cytoplasmic enzymes at its N-terminus. Phosphorylation of Y8 disrupts inhibition, and there is evidence that in vivo glycolysis levels in erythrocytes are regulated in part by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation signaling pathway. The structural basis for control by phosphorylation has been investigated by NMR studies on a complex between aldolase and a synthetic peptide corresponding to the first 15 residues of band 3 (MEELQDDYEDMMEEN-NH2). The structure of this band 3 peptide (B3P) when it is bound to rabbit muscle aldolase was determined using the exchange-transferred nuclear Overhauser effect (ETNOE). Two hundred NMR structures for B3P were generated by simulated annealing molecular dynamics with NMR-derived distance restraints and excluding electrostatic terms. Twenty structures were further refined against a force field including full partial charges. The important conformational feature of B3P in the bound state is a folded loop structure involving residues 4-9 and M12 that surrounds Y8 and is stabilized by a hydrophobic cluster with the ring of Y8 sandwiched between the methyl groups of L4 and M12. Differential line broadening indicates that this loop structure binds aldolase in a relatively specific manner, while terminal regions are structurally heterogeneous. To better understand B3P inhibition of aldolase and the mechanism of phosphorylation control, a complex was modeled by docking B3P into the active site of aldolase and optimizing the fit using restrained molecular dynamics and energy minimization. The B3P loop is complementary in conformation to the beta-barrel central core containing the aldolase active site residues. Binding is electrostatic in nature with numerous ionic and hydrogen-bonding interactions involving several conserved lysine and arginine residues of aldolase. How phosphorylation of band 3 could disrupt inhibition was considered by modeling a phosphoryl moiety onto Y8 of B3P. An energetic analysis with respect to rigid phosphate rotation suggests that aldolase inhibition is reversed primarily because of electrostatic repulsion between B3P residues that destabilizes the B3P loop formed in the complex. This proposed intramolecular mechanism for blocking protein--protein association by electrostatic repulsion with the phosphoryl group may be applicable to other protein--protein signaling complexes.
- Published
- 1995
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91. Effects of magnetic resonance imaging on implantable permanent magnets.
- Author
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Schneider ML, Walker GB, and Dormer KJ
- Subjects
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prostheses and Implants, Hearing Aids, Magnetic Resonance Imaging adverse effects, Magnetics
- Abstract
Implantable permanent magnets are increasingly used in devices for otolaryngologic applications. It is likely that at least some of the patients with implanted magnets will be in need of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The effect of an MRI scan on the magnetic properties of implanted permanent magnets has not been previously demonstrated. Some of the basic concepts and descriptive terminology used in industry regarding permanent magnets are reviewed. Experiments presented show that the MRI scan is capable of demagnetizing permanent magnets. A case history is also presented that demonstrates demagnetizing of an implanted Audiant magnet by an MRI scan.
- Published
- 1995
92. Temperament differences between captive Indian and Chinese-Indian hybrid rhesus macaque neonates.
- Author
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Champoux M, Suomi SJ, and Schneider ML
- Subjects
- Aggression, Animals, China, Hybridization, Genetic, India, Motor Activity, Animals, Newborn physiology, Behavior, Animal, Macaca mulatta physiology, Temperament
- Abstract
Anecdotal evidence has accumulated from research and animal care personnel regarding the aggressive behavior reported in captive rhesus macaques originating in China. In this study, we compared neonatal temperament, activity, and neuromotor reflexes in 13 Chinese-Indian hybrid and 29 Indian-derived nursery-reared infants. Neonatal assessments were conducted on days 7, 14, 21, and 30, using a test based on the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale developed for use in human newborns. Hybrid infants had lower scores for all items pertaining to orientation and ability to sustain attention. They were also rated as more temperamentally reactive and irritable than the Indian-derived infants. These results suggest that constitutional factors may underlie some of the behavioral differences observed in Chinese- and Indian-origin adults and that these qualities emerge very early in life.
- Published
- 1994
93. Vulnerability of placental antibody transfer and fetal complement synthesis to disturbance of the pregnant monkey.
- Author
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Coe CL, Kemnitz JW, and Schneider ML
- Subjects
- Animals, Complement System Proteins biosynthesis, Dexamethasone pharmacology, Female, Fetus drug effects, Immunity, Maternally-Acquired drug effects, Immunoglobulin G metabolism, Macaca mulatta, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications immunology, Stress, Physiological immunology, Complement System Proteins metabolism, Fetus immunology, Immunity, Maternally-Acquired immunology
- Abstract
Maternal and fetal/infant antibody levels were assessed across pregnancy and at birth to evaluate the prenatal transmission of IgG in the rhesus monkey. Although some antibody was evident in the fetus by midpregnancy, the marked increase in IgG occurred primarily during the last two weeks of pregnancy. This delay until the end of pregnancy would result in low antibody titers in premature infants. In contrast, when gestation length was normal, the placental transfer of IgG was resistant to both dexamethasone treatment and a prolonged period of stress during pregnancy. This resiliency occurred despite an effect of prenatal stress on other aspects of infant development, including physical growth and the fetal synthesis of complement proteins.
- Published
- 1993
94. Repeated social stress during pregnancy impairs neuromotor development of the primate infant.
- Author
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Schneider ML and Coe CL
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Female, Male, Pregnancy, Haplorhini, Motor Skills, Pregnancy, Animal, Stress, Psychological
- Abstract
Neuromotor responses were assessed in 90 infant squirrel monkeys born from normal and stressed pregnancies. Repeated psychological disturbance during pregnancy, evoked by disruption of the pregnant female's social relationships, significantly altered the performance of the young infant on a standardized battery of neuromotor tests. As compared with infants from undisturbed pregnancies, infants from chronically stressed pregnancies had poorer motor abilities, impaired balance reactions, and reduced postrotary nystagmus. They also had shorter attention spans and looking episodes during the administration of orientation items. In contrast, when only a single stressful period was imposed during midgestation, infants were not significantly different from control subjects. These findings indicate that sustained stress across pregnancy can have deleterious effects on fetal development, but a short period of stress, at least when restricted to midgestation, does not appear to adversely affect neuromotor responses of the young primate infant.
- Published
- 1993
95. Evaluation of a community bicycle helmet promotion campaign: what works and why.
- Author
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Schneider ML, Ituarte P, and Stokols D
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Demography, Emotions, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Parents psychology, Program Evaluation, Regression Analysis, Bicycling, Craniocerebral Trauma prevention & control, Head Protective Devices, Health Education methods, Health Promotion methods
- Abstract
Purpose: This study identifies effective components of a bicycle helmet promotion campaign, and mechanisms by which these components affect child helmet ownership., Design: A random telephone survey identified parents whose children did not own helmets prior to an educational campaign. A follow-up survey was conducted six months later. Regression analysis estimated the effects of four campaign components on child helmet ownership and tested for mediation by cognitive variables., Setting: Study participants were residents of a suburban community which undertook a citywide educational campaign to increase child helmet ownership., Subjects: Subjects were 210 parents with at least one school-aged child, none of whom owned helmets., Intervention: A multicomponent campaign was implemented by a community coalition. In addition, random subsamples of the study participants received direct mail or direct telephone communications., Results: Of the eligible respondents identified in the baseline sample, 39% completed the follow-up survey. Regression analysis showed that children whose parents received either helmet advice from a physician or direct telephone communications were 2.6 and 2.2 times more likely, respectively, to own helmets as children whose parents did not experience similar communication. Parental worry mediated the association, but parental beliefs about the effectiveness of helmets did not., Conclusion: Future helmet campaigns should use interpersonal strategies to increase parental worry about their children being involved in a bicycle accident. Generalization of these findings is limited by the high socioeconomic status of the study participants, and by the outcome measure, which is helmet ownership, not helmet use.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
96. Cation-dependence of the self-association behavior of guanylyl-(3'-5')-guanosine.
- Author
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Walmsley JA, Schneider ML, Farmer PJ, Cave JR, Toth CR, and Wilson RM
- Subjects
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Hydrogen Bonding, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds chemistry, Cations, Monovalent chemistry, Dinucleoside Phosphates chemistry
- Abstract
The aggregation behavior of guanylyl-(3'-5')-guanosine, GpG, in the form of the tetramethylammonium (TMA), Li, Na, and K salts in aqueous solution has been investigated by NMR and FTIR techniques. The salts were prepared by a cation-exchange method. The ability of the cations to induce aggregate formation is TMA+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+, where TMA+ has only a weakly promoting action and K+ has a very strong effect. Three types of aggregates have been observed: (a) small aggregates which are in rapid exchange with respect to the NMR time scale; (b) intermediate-sized aggregates which are slow to exchange; (c) very large aggregates which can only be observed by FTIR. In all cases the aggregated species are held together by base stacking and guanine-guanine hydrogen bonding. A stoichiometry of 2 GpG per K+ has been determined by a 1H NMR titration of TMAGpG with KCl. Models have been proposed for the various-sized species. These include stacked dimers, stacked tetramers (similar to G-tetrads), and species in which K+ ion bridges between phosphates in separate tetramers.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
97. Prenatal stress exposure alters postnatal behavioral expression under conditions of novelty challenge in rhesus monkey infants.
- Author
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Schneider ML
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Gestational Age, Male, Motor Activity, Peer Group, Pregnancy, Sex Factors, Arousal, Exploratory Behavior, Macaca mulatta psychology, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Social Environment
- Abstract
This prospective study investigated whether mild maternal stress during pregnancy could alter the behavioral and affective responses in rhesus monkey infants in a complex, novel environment. Twenty-four rhesus monkey infants were tested on three occasions at 6 months of age in a novel environment. Twelve infants were derived from mothers exposed to a daily 10-min mild stressor from Day 90 to Day 145 postconception, while 12 were derived from mothers undisturbed during pregnancy. Prenatally stressed infants demonstrated more disturbance behavior, and lower levels of gross motor/exploratory behavior. Moreover, half of the prenatally stressed infants showed an abnormal response, falling asleep, while none of the control infants displayed this behavior. Males exhibited more clinging to surrogates, while females spent more time in gross motor/exploratory behaviors, with prenatally stressed males tending to spend the least time in gross motor/exploratory activity.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
98. Early rearing conditions alter immune responses in the developing infant primate.
- Author
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Coe CL, Lubach GR, Schneider ML, Dierschke DJ, and Ershler WB
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Newborn blood, Animals, Newborn immunology, Antibody Formation immunology, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Lymphocyte Activation immunology, Macaca mulatta, Tetanus Toxoid immunology, Animal Husbandry standards, Animals, Newborn psychology, Immunocompetence, Mothers psychology, Object Attachment
- Abstract
The influence of early rearing conditions on immunologic development was investigated in infant monkeys. Lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and antibody responses to tetanus vaccination were compared in 30 rhesus monkeys reared under five different conditions. Lymphocyte responses to two mitogens (concanavalin A and pokeweed) were significantly increased in infants from disturbed rearing conditions compared with control infants that had been reared in an undisturbed manner by their mothers. The largest increases occurred in nursery-reared monkeys that had been fed Similac infant formula. The nursery-reared monkeys also tended to show lower natural killer cell activity, but there were no significant differences in response to vaccination. These findings support other research indicating that psychologic and nutritional aspects of the early rearing environment may have long-lasting effects on some, but not all, immune responses in the developing infant.
- Published
- 1992
99. Endocrine activation mimics the adverse effects of prenatal stress on the neuromotor development of the infant primate.
- Author
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Schneider ML, Coe CL, and Lubach GR
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone adverse effects, Infant, Newborn, Macaca mulatta, Pregnancy, Psychomotor Performance, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone adverse effects, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Stress, Psychological
- Abstract
Pregnant female rhesus monkeys were exposed to a 2-week period of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to determine whether it would affect the early neuromotor development of their fetuses in a manner similar to that observed after psychological stressors. During the first month after birth, infants were tested on two occasions with a modification of the Brazelton Newborn Behavioral Assessment Scale. Infants derived from ACTH-treated pregnancies showed early impairments in motor coordination and muscle tonicity and shorter attention spans as compared to controls. In addition, on a temperament rating scale, infants from the ACTH condition were more irritable and difficult to console. These findings indicate that a delimited period of endocrine activation during pregnancy can have an adverse effect on infant neurobehavioral development, like that of prenatal stress.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. Dynamic role of social support in the link between chronic stress and psychological distress.
- Author
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Lepore SJ, Evans GW, and Schneider ML
- Subjects
- Adult, Crowding psychology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological psychology, Adaptation, Psychological, Social Support, Stress, Psychological complications
- Abstract
How a chronic environmental stressor can interfere with the buffering effects of social support by eroding social support was analyzed in this prospective, longitudinal study. A classic buffering effect of support was found after 2 months of exposure to the stressor, household crowding. Crowded residents with low perceived support had greater increases in psychological distress than did crowded residents with high perceived support. However, after 8 months exposure the buffering effect disappeared. Moreover, greater crowding had become directly associated with lower support, which in turn was associated with greater increases in psychological distress. All analyses controlled for prior distress. Under some types of chronic stress, the buffering effects of social support may be short-lived because the stressor eventually erodes social support.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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