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National audience

chap. 22

International audience

International audience

Gastroenterologie bovine

14 calves of the same breed and age were inoculated with a Pasteurella haemolytica Al (Phal) isolate as described in a previously published protocol. From the onset of the disease, 5 received an antibiotic treatment, 5 others a treatment combining the same antibiotic with a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug while 4 animals did not receive any treatment. A clinical examination was carried out twice a day to determine a mean disease score (MDS). After death or sacrifice the lungs were weighed, the extent of the lesions quantified in a score (mean lung score = MLS) based on combined inspection and palpation. A blood sample was taken each day from each calf with the usual precautions, and the plasma zinc content determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The observations were made over a period of 8 days. 88 zinc determinations were performed. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0,01) between the plasma zinc content of calves considered to be clinically normal (MDS < 1,5) and diseased calves (MDS > 1,5), also a significant difference (p ≤ 0,01) between the plasma zinc contents of calves in which MOS < 1,5 + MLS < 1,5 and those in which MDS > 1,5 + MLS > 1,5. The correlation coefficient between terminal zinc levels and lung score (p ≤ 0,01) and between terminal zinc levels and lung weight (p ≤ 0,05) in animals in which the plasma zinc content before death or sacrifice was < 0,96 mg/I, was also significant. These linkages were not apparent in animals with normal plasma zinc levels. In our respiratory disease model these results confirm the linkage between zinc content and the inflammatory reaction brought about by intratracheal inoculation with Phal. They also demonstrate a relationship between hypozincaemia and pulmonary lesions. They therefore have a certain prognosis value. For these different reasons the plasma zinc content could serve as an indicator and provide information about bovine respiratory disease complex evolution. Article in French, English and Spanish summaries, American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 3

A comparison of the effects of two antiinflammatory drugs, flunixine meglumine (FM) and tolfenamic acid (TA) has been conducted in cattle using a tissue cage model. "Practice" polypropylene golf balls have been implanted subcutaneously in the neck of 12 young males calves. After a 3 weeks stabilisation period, an acute inflammatory reaction has been induced with an injection in the tissue cage of a 2% carragenine sterile solution. After randomisation of the animals in 3 groups : one received an intramuscular injection of distilled water (placebo), another group was treated with 2 mg/Kg FM intramuscularly, the third group received TA at the same posology and through the same route. Starting half an hour after the carragenine injection the tissue cage exudate were collected seven times during the first 48 hours to measure the prostaglandine E2 level using a radioimmunologic method. To decrease the variability between animals the study has been conducted in a cross-over way, each series starting three weeks after the other. A statistical analysis of all datas has been done using a paired series test after a log10 transformation of the prostaglandine E2 concentrations. The comparisons between placebo and FM groups and between placebo and TA groups are in accordance with the validity of the model. The inhibition of the production of prostaglandine E2 for both antiinflammatory drugs confirm their action on the cyclo-oxygenase. The statistical comparisons demonstrate as well the superiority of FM on TA., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 3

During the 1990-1991 winter, 59 samples of faeces were made in cattle suffering from winter dysentery. These animals were coming from 8 different farms located in 6 different french departments. Each sample has been studied carefully under the electron microscope and put for culture on HRT 18 cells. 32 samples (54%) have shown coronavirus-like viral particles under the microscope. Each group of animals coming from one farm having at least 2 samples found(+) . 6 isolates have been kept from the cells culture and studies after the 9th passage. In these 6 isolates coronavirus were identified with the the help of the electron microscope, their cytopathogenic effect and its seroneutralization, and an direct immunofluorescence method using an anticoronavirus serum prepared on rabbits with a calf diarrhea coronavirus vaccinal strain. These results are in accordance with a participation of this type of virus in the winter dysentery syndrome. Full article in French, English and Spanish summaries on PDF, American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 3

After randomization, 18 calves were inoculated with a Pha1 isolate as described in an earlier protocol. After the first inoculation 6 calves received Ceftiofur (CEF), 1 mg/kg by intramuscular route (IM) every day for 5 days together with methyl-prednisolone-succinate (MPS) 3 mg/kg IM on two consecutive days, 6 calves received CEF + an MPS placebo, and 6 calves a CEF placebo+ an MPS placebo. Twice a day before the meal all calves were clinically examined to determine a mean disease score (MOS). After their death or sacrifice, 7 days at most after the first inoculation, all calves were autopsied. The lungs were weighed, the extent of the lesions quantified by a score (mean lung score= MLS) based on combined inspection and palpation and a quantitative bacteriological examination carried out on the damaged lung parenchyma. The validity of the model was confirmed by the percentage mortality observed in the control group (83 % versus 17 % in the other groups). A similar trend was apparent in the clinical results (significant difference p ≤ 0,05 between the mean MOS of the control group and that of the other group) in the necropsy results (significant difference p ≤ 0,05 between the control group and the other groups for mean lung weight and MLS)) and in the microbiological results (significant difference p ≤ 0,05 between the mean number of cfu Pha1/g of lung in the control group and other groups). This demonstrate the efficacy of both therapeutic regimens (i.e. CEF and CEF + MPS) in our model. The advantage of the antibiotic + steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment is not clear. Full article in French, English and German summary in PDF., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1992: Volume 1

special Endoscopie

Bovine stomach diseases are quite common and complicated. A knowledge of their origin and mechanisms is essential to recognize and to control them. A distinction between transit disorders and disorders of ruminal fermentation is convenient for the reticulo-rumen. What we know today concerning the abomasum is that the analytic approach is the only possible way., The Bovine Practitioner, No. 26 (1991 September)