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288 results on '"Schaal, M."'

55. A terrestrial gamma ray flash observed from an aircraft

Author

Smith, D. M., primary, Dwyer, J. R., additional, Hazelton, B. J., additional, Grefenstette, B. W., additional, Martinez-McKinney, G. F. M., additional, Zhang, Z. Y., additional, Lowell, A. W., additional, Kelley, N. A., additional, Splitt, M. E., additional, Lazarus, S. M., additional, Ulrich, W., additional, Schaal, M., additional, Saleh, Z. H., additional, Cramer, E., additional, Rassoul, H., additional, Cummer, S. A., additional, Lu, G., additional, Shao, X.-M., additional, Ho, C., additional, Hamlin, T., additional, Blakeslee, R. J., additional, and Heckman, S., additional

Published
2011
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57. The rarity of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes

Author

Smith, D. M., primary, Dwyer, J. R., additional, Hazelton, B. J., additional, Grefenstette, B. W., additional, Martinez-McKinney, G. F. M., additional, Zhang, Z. Y., additional, Lowell, A. W., additional, Kelley, N. A., additional, Splitt, M. E., additional, Lazarus, S. M., additional, Ulrich, W., additional, Schaal, M., additional, Saleh, Z. H., additional, Cramer, E., additional, Rassoul, H. K., additional, Cummer, S. A., additional, Lu, G., additional, and Blakeslee, R. J., additional

Published
2011
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73. In-situ X-Ray Small Angle Scattering during the Crystallization of Amorphous Mg76Zn24

Author

Schaal, M., Lamparter, P., and Steeb, S.

Abstract

By X-Ray small angle scattering the relaxation and crystallization of amorphous Mg76Zn24was investigated in-situ. Radii of gyration of the different phases developing during the annealing of the sample were determined. By comparison of the small angle scattering results with DSC-results from the literature and the phase diagram the different phases could be identified. The crystallization of amorphous Mg76Zn24is preceded by the formation of β-phase (Mg72Zn28)-like inhomogeneities in the amorphous phase. Further annealing leads to the final crystalline phases γ-MgZn and Mg.

Published
1986
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74. Concentration- and Density-Fluctuations with Amorphous Ni63Nb37by Means of Neutron Scattering at Small Momentum Transfer (SANS)

Author

Schaal, M., Lamparter, Ρ., and Steeb, S.

Abstract

By means of small angle neutron scattering SANS using isotopic substitution the medium range structure of the amorphous Ni63Nb37-alloy was investigated. From the coherently scattered intensi­ty in the region of small momentum transfer the total and partial Bhatia-Thornton structure factors were determined. For (Q-values down to 0.03 Å-1no small angle scattering effect at all was observed. Compared to amorphous Ni80P20this means that apparently no small regions exits in amorphous Ni63Nb37. For 0.008 Å-1≤ Q ≤ 0.03 Å-1, corresponding to correlation lengths between 800 and 200 A, however. Sccand SNNincrease with almost constant slope of about 3.6 in the log S(Q) - logQ presentation.

Published
1988
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75. Variations of the Partial Short Range Order Structure of Amorphous Ni32Pd52P16During Relaxation Using Neutron Diffraction and Isotopic Substitution

Author

Schaal, M., Lamparter, Ρ., and Steeb, S.

Abstract

Melt spun amorphous Ni32Pd52P16specimens were produced using natNi, the isotope 60Ni, and an isotopic mixture ∅Ni with zero-scattering length. The specimens were heat treated for two hours at 496, 533, 570, and 607 K, respectively, and investigated by neutron diffraction. The Faber-Ziman structure factors as well as the total pair correlation functions show rather large effects caused by the relaxation procedure. By convenient combination of the total functions conclusions on the behaviour of the Ni-Ni, Ni-Pd, Ni-P, Pd-Ni, Pd-Pd, Pd-P, P-Ni, and P-Pd partial coordina­tion numbers and atomic distances during the relaxation procedure are obtained. Relaxation has no detectable influence on the nearest neighbourhood but leads to variations in the region of the second Ni-Ni coordination sphere (3.7 Å ≦ R ≦ 5.7 Å) with the main effect that after heat treatment at 607 K, 2 h, the second Ni-Ni coordination sphere is subdivided into three distinct subspheres. It is suggested that the relaxation process mainly involves the redistribution of bond angles.

Published
1988
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77. THE SPECTRUM AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE FERMI BUBBLES

Author

Ackermann, Markus, Albert, A., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Angelis, A., De Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Venere, L. Di, Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Gomez-Vargas, G. A., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Hou, X., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Malyshev, D., Manfreda, A., Massaro, F., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Petrosian, V., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Sánchez-Conde, M., Schaal, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stawarz, Łukasz, Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Tahara, M., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Vianello, G., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., and Zaharijas, G.

Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

The astrophysical journal 793(1), 64 (2014). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/793/1/64, The Fermi bubbles are two large structures in the gamma-ray sky extending to 55° above and below the Galactic center. We analyze 50 months of Fermi Large Area Telescope data between 100 MeV and 500 GeV above 10° in Galactic latitude to derive the spectrum and morphology of the Fermi bubbles. We thoroughly explore the systematic uncertainties that arise when modeling the Galactic diffuse emission through two separate approaches. The gamma-ray spectrum is well described by either a log parabola or a power law with an exponential cutoff. We exclude a simple power law with more than 7σ significance. The power law with an exponential cutoff has an index of 1.9 ± 0.2 and a cutoff energy of 110 ± 50 GeV. We find that the gamma-ray luminosity of the bubbles is $4.4^{+2.4}_{-0.9} \times 10^{37}$ erg s–1. We confirm a significant enhancement of gamma-ray emission in the southeastern part of the bubbles, but we do not find significant evidence for a jet. No significant variation of the spectrum across the bubbles is detected. The width of the boundary of the bubbles is estimated to be $3.4^{+3.7}_{-2.6}$ deg. Both inverse Compton (IC) models and hadronic models including IC emission from secondary leptons fit the gamma-ray data well. In the IC scenario, synchrotron emission from the same population of electrons can also explain the WMAP and Planck microwave haze with a magnetic field between 5 and 20 μG., Published by Univ.11032, Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]

78. The Spectrum of Isotropic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission Between 100 MeV and 820 GeV

Author

Ackermann, Markus, Ajello, M., Albert, A., Atwood, W. B., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Angelis, A., De Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Gomez-Vargas, G. A., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hadasch, D., Hayashi, K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Ippoliti, P., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, W. N., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Knödlseder, J., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Manfreda, A., Massaro, F., Mayer, Michael, Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Romani, R. W., Sánchez-Conde, M., Schaal, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Vianello, G., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Zaharijas, G., and Zimmer, S.

Subjects
13. Climate action, 7. Clean energy
Abstract

The astrophysical journal 799(1), 86 - (2015). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/86, The $\gamma$-ray sky can be decomposed into individually detected sources, diffuse emission attributed to the interactions of Galactic cosmic rays with gas and radiation fields, and a residual all-sky emission component commonly called the isotropic diffuse $\gamma$-ray background (IGRB). The IGRB comprises all extragalactic emissions too faint or too diffuse to be resolved in a given survey, as well as any residual Galactic foregrounds that are approximately isotropic. The first IGRB measurement with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) used 10 months of sky-survey data and considered an energy range between 200 MeV and 100 GeV. Improvements in event selection and characterization of cosmic-ray backgrounds, better understanding of the diffuse Galactic emission (DGE), and a longer data accumulation of 50 months allow for a refinement and extension of the IGRB measurement with the LAT, now covering the energy range from 100 MeV to 820 GeV. The IGRB spectrum shows a significant high-energy cutoff feature and can be well described over nearly four decades in energy by a power law with exponential cutoff having a spectral index of 2.32 $\pm$ 0.02 and a break energy of (279 $\pm$ 52) GeV using our baseline DGE model. The total intensity attributed to the IGRB is (7.2 $\pm$ 0.6) × 10$^{–6}$ cm$^{–2}$ s$^{–1}$ sr$^{–1}$ above 100 MeV, with an additional +15%/–30% systematic uncertainty due to the Galactic diffuse foregrounds., Published by Univ.11032, Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]

95. FERMI LAT STACKING ANALYSIS of SWIFT LOCALIZED GRBs

Author

Liang Li, Guido Barbiellini, Stefano Ciprini, M. Orienti, L. Tibaldo, M. N. Mazziotta, Chryssa Kouveliotou, P. N. Bhat, M. Mayer, F. Spada, E. Orlando, N. Gehrels, Olaf Reimer, Luca Baldini, A. Franckowiak, John W. Hewitt, André Schulz, K. S. Wood, Sylvain Guiriec, Claudia Cecchi, M. E. Monzani, T. Ohsugi, Eleonora Troja, C. Favuzzi, Stefan Funk, A. von Kienlin, Hiromitsu Takahashi, F. Gargano, S. Cutini, A. Reimer, Rodrigo Nemmen, Michael David Werner, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, Marco Ajello, D. Horan, G. Godfrey, Ronaldo Bellazzini, E. Nuss, J. B. Thayer, Brandon Anderson, R. Desiante, T. J. Brandt, E. J. Siskind, David Paneque, M. Kuss, P. Fusco, M. Razzano, Filippo D'Ammando, Eric Charles, Eugenio Bottacini, F. Loparco, W. B. Atwood, J. S. Perkins, S. Buson, T. A. Porter, F. de Palma, Francesco Longo, Nicola Giglietto, A. Morselli, Stefan Larsson, Magnus Axelsson, Elisabetta Bissaldi, G. Pivato, Markus Ackermann, M. N. Lovellette, A. De Angelis, P. A. Caraveo, Persis S. Drell, G. Tosti, M. Caragiulo, F. Piron, M. Schaal, Johan Bregeon, Masanori Ohno, M. Tinivella, J. L. Racusin, S. Rainò, Julie McEnery, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Denis Bastieri, Giacomo Vianello, James Chiang, G. Chiaro, Jingcheng Li, Nicola Omodei, J. E. Grove, A. B. Hill, R. Bonino, R. Claus, Dario Gasparrini, A. Chekhtman, P. Lubrano, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, R. A. Cameron, P. Bruel, Daniel Kocevski, W. B. Focke, P. Spinelli, Francesco Giordano, Jan Conrad, Diego F. Torres, R. Buehler, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, L. Di Venere, S. Murgia, G. A. Caliandro, I. A. Grenier, Gloria Spandre, Gudlaugur Johannesson, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Anderson B, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bhat PN, Bissaldi E, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, DAmmando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Desiante R, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Horan D, Johannesson G, Kocevski D, Kouveliotou C, Kuss M, Larsson S, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Murgia S, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Racusin JL, Raino S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Schaal M, Schulz A, Sgro C, Siskind EJ, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Vianello G, von Kienlin A, Werner M, Wood KS, Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Anderson, B., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bhat, P. N., Bissaldi, E., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., De Angelis, A., De Palma, F., Desiante, R., Di Venere, L., Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hewitt, J. W., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Kocevski, D., Kouveliotou, C., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Murgia, S., Nemmen, R., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paneque, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Schaal, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Kienlin, A. Von, Werner, M., Wood, K. S., and ITA

Subjects
Swift, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, gamma-ray burst: general, Stacking, Astrophysics, general [gamma-ray burst], 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, X-rays: bursts, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, computer.programming_language, Physics, gamma rays: general, methods: data analysis, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysic, 13. Climate action, data analysi [methods], ddc:520, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, burst [X-rays], general [gamma rays], computer, methods: data analysi, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

The astrophysical journal 822(2), 68 (2016). doi:10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/68, We perform a comprehensive stacking analysis of data collected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) of γ-ray bursts (GRBs) localized by the Swift spacecraft, which were not detected by the LAT but which fell within the instrument's field of view at the time of trigger. We examine a total of 79 GRBs by comparing the observed counts over a range of time intervals to that expected from designated background orbits, as well as by using a joint likelihood technique to model the expected distribution of stacked counts. We find strong evidence for subthreshold emission at MeV to GeV energies using both techniques. This observed excess is detected during intervals that include and exceed the durations typically characterizing the prompt emission observed at keV energies and lasts at least 2700 s after the co-aligned burst trigger. By utilizing a novel cumulative likelihood analysis, we find that although a burst's prompt γ-ray and afterglow X-ray flux both correlate with the strength of the subthreshold emission, the X-ray afterglow flux measured by Swift's X-ray Telescope at 11 hr post trigger correlates far more significantly. Overall, the extended nature of the subthreshold emission and its connection to the burst's afterglow brightness lend further support to the external forward shock origin of the late-time emission detected by the LAT. These results suggest that the extended high-energy emission observed by the LAT may be a relatively common feature but remains undetected in a majority of bursts owing to instrumental threshold effects., Published by Univ.11032, Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]

Published
2016

96. Development of the Model of Galactic Interstellar Emission for Standard Point-Source Analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope Data

Author

Xian Hou, S. Rainò, Soebur Razzaque, J. F. Ormes, Matthew Wood, Katsuhiro Hayashi, E. D. Bloom, Gabrijela Zaharijas, Michael Werner, D. Horan, Hiromitsu Takahashi, F. Spada, D. Hadasch, Andrea Albert, T. Kamae, Frederic Piron, Dario Gasparrini, R. Desiante, S. Cutini, S. J. Fegan, Hiroyasu Tajima, Francesco Longo, Jean Ballet, Tsunefumi Mizuno, A. Franckowiak, Miguel A. Sánchez-Conde, Johan Bregeon, L. Latronico, Stefano Ciprini, M. Caragiulo, S. Maldera, Julie McEnery, G. Chiaro, E. Cavazzuti, Q. Remy, T. Jogler, Diego F. Torres, F. Loparco, John W. Hewitt, P. Martin, Eric Charles, M. Kuss, Stefan Funk, D. Landriu, N. Renault, W. B. Focke, Gino Tosti, Gloria Spandre, Olaf Reimer, Gudlaugur Johannesson, Marco Ajello, D. J. Suson, Michael Mayer, Eleonora Troja, Seth Digel, A. Reimer, M. N. Mazziotta, M. Schaal, D. Paneque, Dmitry Malyshev, Liang Li, Guido Barbiellini, P. Fusco, M. Tinivella, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, Nicola Omodei, T. J. Brandt, Francesco Giordano, T. Ohsugi, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, M. Ackermann, S. Buson, R. Claus, G. A. Caliandro, Eric Nuss, L. Di Venere, K. S. Wood, E. Orlando, L. Tibaldo, A. De Angelis, G. Godfrey, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, D. J. Thompson, R. Bonino, F. Gargano, Nestor Mirabal, A. Chekhtman, M. Orienti, J. M. Casandjian, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, C. Cecchi, T. Glanzman, Luca Baldini, Nicola Giglietto, Alice K. Harding, Jingcheng Li, E. J. Siskind, P. A. Caraveo, Persis S. Drell, Giacomo Vianello, F. de Palma, M. N. Lovellette, A. B. Hill, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Janet Conrad, A. Morselli, Stephan Zimmer, I. A. Grenier, M. E. Monzani, J. B. Thayer, Fabio Acero, P. Spinelli, R. A. Cameron, P. Lubrano, Denis Bastieri, Sylvain Guiriec, J. Chiang, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Andrew W. Strong, M. Razzano, Filippo D'Ammando, Alessandro Cuoco, Pascal Bruel, R. Buehler, A. Schulz, Elizabeth Hays, G. Pivato, Peter F. Michelson, Marcello Giroletti, C. Favuzzi, Eugenio Bottacini, Stefan Larsson, Alberto Manfreda, Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fermi-LAT, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITA, Acero, F., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Albert, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., Cuoco, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Angelis, A. De, Palma, F. De, Desiante, R., Digel, S. W., Venere, L. Di, Drell, P. S., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Harding, A. K., Hayashi, K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Hou, X., Jogler, T., Jóhannesson, G., Kamae, T., Kuss, M., Landriu, D., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Malyshev, D., Manfreda, A., Martin, P., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Mcenery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mirabal, N., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Omodei, N., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Paneque, D., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renault, N., Sánchez Conde, M., Schaal, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Werner, M., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Zaharijas, G., Zimmer, S., Acero F, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Bloom ED, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buehler R, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cavazzuti E, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cuoco A, Cutini S, DAmmando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Desiante R, Digel SW, Di Venere L, Drell PS, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Harding AK, Hayashi K, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Horan D, Hou X, Jogler T, Johannesson G, Kamae T, Kuss M, Landriu D, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Maldera S, Malyshev D, Manfreda A, Martin P, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mirabal N, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Raino S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Remy Q, Renault N, Sanchez-Conde M, Schaal M, Schulz A, Sgro C, Siskind EJ, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tinivella M, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Vianello G, Werner M, Wood KS, Wood M, Zaharijas G, and Zimmer S

Subjects
gamma rays: diffuse background – gamma rays: general – gamma rays: ISM, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, emission, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, gamma rays: diffuse background, gamma rays: general, gamma rays: ISM, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, p: spectrum, Galactic Center, photon, nucleon, Gamma rays: diffuse background, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Compton scattering, Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxy: model, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, p: density, GLAST, emission: model, Telescope, ISM [gamma rays], diffuse background [gamma rays], gas, 0103 physical sciences, structure, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, bubble, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Galaxy, Interstellar medium, gamma ray, p: cosmic radiation, ddc:520, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], general [gamma rays], Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

The astrophysical journal / Supplement series 223(2), 26(2016). doi:10.3847/0067-0049/223/2/26, Most of the celestial γ rays detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope originate from the interstellar medium when energetic cosmic rays interact with interstellar nucleons and photons. Conventional point-source and extended-source studies rely on the modeling of this diffuse emission for accurate characterization. Here, we describe the development of the Galactic Interstellar Emission Model (GIEM), which is the standard adopted by the LAT Collaboration and is publicly available. This model is based on a linear combination of maps for interstellar gas column density in Galactocentric annuli and for the inverse-Compton emission produced in the Galaxy. In the GIEM, we also include large-scale structures like Loop I and the Fermi bubbles. The measured gas emissivity spectra confirm that the cosmic-ray proton density decreases with Galactocentric distance beyond 5 kpc from the Galactic Center. The measurements also suggest a softening of the proton spectrum with Galactocentric distance. We observe that the Fermi bubbles have boundaries with a shape similar to a catenary at latitudes below 20° and we observe an enhanced emission toward their base extending in the north and south Galactic directions and located within ~4° of the Galactic Center., Published by Univ. of Chicago Press11033, Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]

Published
2016

97. PSR J1906+0722: An Elusive Gamma-ray Pulsar

Author

R. Desiante, A. De Angelis, Eric Charles, D. J. Suson, C. Cecchi, Carmelo Sgrò, Riccardo Rando, Pablo Torne, Giacomo Vianello, R. Bonino, M. Orienti, Johann Cohen-Tanugi, S. Cutini, A. S. Johnson, Denis Bastieri, P. Fusco, Xian Hou, Alice K. Harding, F. de Palma, Francesco Longo, R. Claus, Michael Kramer, C. Aulbert, Ronaldo Bellazzini, F. Krauss, F. Loparco, T. Glanzman, A. Morselli, A. Franckowiak, Dario Gasparrini, David Champion, T. Jogler, H. Fehrmann, S. Murgia, G. A. Caliandro, Hiromitsu Takahashi, J. Li, Frederic Piron, Sylvain Guiriec, Martino Marelli, B. Machenschalk, Eleonora Troja, M. Yassine, M. Caragiulo, P. M. Saz Parkinson, J. Chiang, A. B. Hill, Michael Mayer, M. Schaal, S. Rainò, Tsunefumi Mizuno, A. Reimer, P. Spinelli, M. Kuss, W. B. Focke, O. Bock, G. Chiaro, Jean Ballet, A. Cuéllar, J. E. Grove, F. Spada, Holger J. Pletsch, Stefano Ciprini, T. J. Brandt, H. Laffon, John W. Hewitt, Elizabeth C. Ferrara, L. Latronico, Nicola Giglietto, Francesco Giordano, Benjamin William Allen, M. E. Monzani, Diego F. Torres, G. Pivato, Matthew Wood, Elena Orlando, J. B. Thayer, C. Favuzzi, E. J. Siskind, Pascal Bruel, M. Razzano, Gloria Spandre, P. A. Caraveo, A. Schulz, Filippo D'Ammando, Eugenio Bottacini, Persis S. Drell, Elizabeth Hays, Alberto Manfreda, Peter F. Michelson, M. N. Mazziotta, Elisabetta Bissaldi, L. Tibaldo, P. Lubrano, D. Paneque, S. Buson, F. Gargano, Gudlaugur Johannesson, H.-B. Eggenstein, J. Wu, Lucas Guillemot, Liang Li, Guido Barbiellini, R. A. Cameron, Eric Nuss, I. A. Grenier, T. Ohsugi, M. Ackermann, G. Godfrey, Gino Tosti, K. S. Wood, Igor V. Moskalenko, D. Horan, Johan Bregeon, C. J. Clark, Stefan Larsson, M. N. Lovellette, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Luca Baldini, A. Chekhtman, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clark, C. J., Pletsch, H. J., Wu, J., Guillemot, L., Ackermann, M., Allen, B., De Angelis, A., Aulbert, C., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bock, O., Bonino, R., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Bruel, P., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caragiulo, M., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Champion, D. J., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Chiaro, G., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen Tanugi, J., Cuéllar, A., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Desiante, R., Drell, P. S., Eggenstein, H. B., Favuzzi, C., Fehrmann, H., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Franckowiak, A., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Harding, A. K., Hays, E., Hewitt, J. W., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Hou, X., Jogler, T., Johnson, A. S., Jóhannesson, G., Kramer, M., Krauss, F., Kuss, M., Laffon, H., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Li, J., Li, L., Longo, Francesco, Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Machenschalk, B., Manfreda, A., Marelli, M., Mayer, M., Mazziotta, M. N., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Palma, F. De, Paneque, D., Pesce Rollins, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Schaal, M., Schulz, A., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Spada, F., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Thayer, J. B., Tibaldo, L., Torne, P., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Vianello, G., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Yassine, Manal, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Clark CJ, Pletsch HJ, Wu J, Guillemot L, Ackermann M, Allen B, de Angelis A, Aulbert C, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Bock O, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Bruel P, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Cecchi C, Champion DJ, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cuellar A, Cutini S, DAmmando F, Desiante R, Drell PS, Eggenstein HB, Favuzzi C, Fehrmann H, Ferrara EC, Focke WB, Franckowiak A, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Harding AK, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Horan D, Hou X, Jogler T, Johnson AS, Johannesson G, Kramer M, Krauss F, Kuss M, Laffon H, Larsson S, Latronico L, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Machenschalk B, Manfreda A, Marelli M, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, Michelson PF, Mizuno T, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Orienti M, Orlando E, de Palma F, Paneque D, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Raino S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Parkinson PMS, Schaal M, Schulz A, Sgro C, Siskind EJ, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Thayer JB, Tibaldo L, Torne P, Torres DF, Tosti G, Troja E, Vianello G, Wood KS, Wood M, and Yassine M

Subjects
gamma rays: stars, pulsars: individual: PSR J1906+0722, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astrophysics, star [gamma rays], law.invention, Gamma rays: stars, Telescope, Pulsar, law, individual (PSR J1906+0722) [pulsars], Supernova remnant, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Spin-½, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Molecular cloud, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, pulsars: individual (PSR J1906+0722), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], gamma rays: stars, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

We report the discovery of PSR J1906+0722, a gamma-ray pulsar detected as part of a blind survey of unidentified Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) sources being carried out on the volunteer distributed computing system, Einstein@Home. This newly discovered pulsar previously appeared as the most significant remaining unidentified gamma-ray source without a known association in the second Fermi-LAT source catalog (2FGL) and was among the top ten most significant unassociated sources in the recent third catalog (3FGL). PSR J1906+0722 is a young, energetic, isolated pulsar, with a spin frequency of $8.9$ Hz, a characteristic age of $49$ kyr, and spin-down power $1.0 \times 10^{36}$ erg s$^{-1}$. In 2009 August it suffered one of the largest glitches detected from a gamma-ray pulsar ($\Delta f / f \approx 4.5\times10^{-6}$). Remaining undetected in dedicated radio follow-up observations, the pulsar is likely radio-quiet. An off-pulse analysis of the gamma-ray flux from the location of PSR J1906+0722 revealed the presence of an additional nearby source, which may be emission from the interaction between a neighboring supernova remnant and a molecular cloud. We discuss possible effects which may have hindered the detection of PSR J1906+0722 in previous searches and describe the methods by which these effects were mitigated in this survey. We also demonstrate the use of advanced timing methods for estimating the positional, spin and glitch parameters of difficult-to-time pulsars such as this., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters

Published
2015

98. Analysis of mitochondrial metabolism in situ: Combining stable isotope labeling with selective permeabilization

Author

Ferdinando Chiaradonna, Lisa Krämer, Roberta Palorini, Andre Wegner, Aymeric Fouquier d'Hérouël, Karsten Hiller, Yannic Nonnenmacher, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Alexander Skupin, Nonnenmacher, Y, Palorini, R, D'Herouël, A, Krämer, L, Neumann-Schaal, M, Chiaradonna, F, Skupin, A, Wegner, A, Hiller, K, and Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, In situ, permeabilization, stable isotopes, Bioengineering, Biology, Mitochondrion, Adenocarcinoma, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Permeability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, cancer, Stable isotope ratio, Compartment (chemistry), Metabolism, mitochondria, Cytosol, 030104 developmental biology, Membrane, Biochemistry, A549 Cells, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Isotope Labeling, Mitochondrial Membranes, metabolism, Intracellular, Biotechnology
Abstract

To date, it is well-established that mitochondrial dysfunction does not only play a vital role in cancer but also in other pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases and inflammation. An important tool for the analysis of cellular metabolism is the application of stable isotope labeled substrates, which allow for the tracing of atoms throughout metabolic networks. While such analyses yield very detailed information about intracellular fluxes, the determination of compartment specific fluxes is far more challenging. Most approaches for the deconvolution of compartmented metabolism use computational models whereas experimental methods are rare. Here, we developed an experimental setup based on selective permeabilization of the cytosolic membrane that allows for the administration of stable isotope labeled substrates directly to mitochondria. We demonstrate how this approach can be used to infer metabolic changes in mitochondria induced by either chemical or genetic perturbations and give an outlook on its potential applications.

Published
2017

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