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Public communication has become more important to higher education institutions (HEIs), with many HEIs using social media to communicate with stakeholders. However, scholarship on the subject is scarce and mainly based on single-platform studies and small datasets. Therefore, we conducted a cross-platform study to examine the communication of all Swiss HEIs on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The results were based on two datasets: an automated analysis on data for all Swiss HEIs (n = 42) and their social media accounts from 2004 to 2021 (337,232 posts from 207 accounts), and a manual content analysis on 1,500 posts per platform. By including all HEIs in one country, this study allowed for a comparison of the results by HEI type: universities of applied sciences, universities of teacher education, and research universities. Results show that, in recent years, HEI communication increased on Instagram, but not on Facebook or Twitter. Twitter was used the most by research universities, while most Instagram and Facebook posts were from universities of applied sciences. Universities of teacher education were least active across all platforms. The content of communication across all HEI types was primarily self-referential. Our analysis of how well HEIs used the affordances of social media communication relative to hypertextuality and multimodality revealed a generally high level of adaption. Moreover, our data showed no substantial impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on posting activities and engagement with social media posts by HEIs for the two first years of the pandemic.

Spätestens mit der Lancierung von ChatGPT ist der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) im Journalismus zu einem prägenden Thema der Medienbranche geworden. Unsere Studie untersucht erstmalig die Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz des Einsatzes von KI in der journalistischen Nachrichtenproduktion mit einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsumfrage in der Deutschschweiz und der Suisse romande. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Akzeptanz für vollständig oder teilweise KI-generierte Textbeiträge im Journalismus in der Schweizer Bevölkerung gering ist. Während nur 29,1% der Befragten journalistische Inhalte lesen würden, die vollständig durch KI generiert wurden, sind es bei Nachrichten, die ohne KI erstellt wurden, 84,3%. Die Akzeptanz unterscheidet sich jedoch nach Themenbereichen: Bei Routine-Berichterstattung etwa zum Wetter oder Börsengeschehen ist sie am grössten (61,2%), gefolgt von der Softnews-Berichterstattung zu «Stars und Celebrities». Dort geben immerhin fast die Hälfte der Befragten (48,6%) an, KI-generierte journalistische Inhalte lesen zu wollen. In den Hardnews-Bereichen Kultur (27,7%), Wissenschaft (25,9%), nationale (16,4%) und internationale Politik (15,9%) ist die Akzeptanz für KI-generierte Inhalte dagegen gering. In jedem Fall besteht unter den Befragten weitgehend Konsens, dass KI-generierte und KI-unterstützte Inhalte im Journalismus deklariert und transparent gemacht werden müssen. Auch werden die Auswirkungen von KI auf die Qualität der journalistischen Inhalte derzeit eher negativ eingeschätzt. 61,3% stimmen der Aussage zu, dass sich die Berichterstattungsqualität durch den Einsatz von KI verschlechtern würde. Bemerkenswert ist hier der Befund, dass KI (noch) wenig Potenzial zur Eindämmung von Falschnachrichten zugeschrieben wird. Im Gegenteil sind 67,1% der Ansicht, dass der Einsatz von KI im Journalismus das Aufkommen von Falschnachrichten erhöhe. Auch ist die Zahlungsbereitschaft für KI-generierten Journalismus gering. Nur wenige Befragte sind grundsätzlich

Die Kommunikation von Hochschuleinrichtungen hat für den öffentlichen Diskurs über Wissenschaft an Bedeutung gewonnen und kann unterschiedlichen Zielen dienen. Viele Wissenschaftler:innen argumentieren, dass die Kommunikationsabteilungen von Hochschu­len infolge der New Public Management-Reformen des öffentlichen Sektors stärker auf die strategische Profilierung der eigenen Organisation ausgerichtet sind und sich weniger am übergeordneten Gemeinwohl orientieren. Andere gehen davon aus, dass Hochschulen beiden Zielorientierungen verpflichtet sind. Empirische Daten liegen dazu jedoch noch nicht vor. Um das Verhältnis zwischen organisationsbezogenen und gesellschaftsbezogenen Zielen zu untersuchen, hat die vorliegende Studie 203 Kommunikationsverantwortliche an Schweizer Hochschulen zu ihrem Rollenselbstverständnis und den Qualitäts- und Erfolgskriterien in ihrer Kommunikationsabteilung befragt. Die Befunde zeigen, dass keine grundsätzliche Do­minanz von organisationsbezogenen Zielen vorliegt und auch gesellschaftsbezogene Ziele in den individuellen Rollenselbstverständnissen von Kommunikator:innen und den Qualitäts- und Erfolgskriterien von Kommunikationsabteilungen verankert sind. Auch deutet unsere Studie darauf hin, wie wichtig die Stärkung des kritischen Wissenschaftsjournalismus sowie die Verankerung von normativen Leitlinien in der Hochschulkommunikation sind.

Higher education institutions (HEIs) increasingly use social media to communicate with stakeholders and the public. The success of these efforts on individual platforms has been assessed by a growing number of studies recently. However, comparative research across different platforms and types of HEIs is lacking. This study analyzes factors influencing user engagement across different HEI types and the three most widely used platforms – Facebook, Instagram, and X (formerly Twitter). The study relies on a full sample of all social media posts published in 2019 (n = 42,006) by all 42 Swiss HEIs. Hereof, a random sample of 1500 posts per platform was manually coded. Several factors at the content-level turned out to vary across platforms, thereby pointing to the need for HEIs to tailor their social media communication to the respective affordances of different platforms. However, results also show patterns across platforms, including the importance of visual communication and the development of a large followership for driving user engagement. In contrast, we found no impact of publishing time, publishing frequency, and content length. This, among other findings, indicates that strategies focused on creating high-quality content rather than a large quantity of content yield better engagement results for the social media communication of HEIs.

ChatGPT provides original, human-like responses to user prompts based on supervised and reinforcement machine learning techniques. It has become the poster child of generative AI, which is widely diagnosed to disrupt many realms of life — including science communication. This essay reflects on this development. It discusses opportunities for the practice of science communication, such as generative AI’s translational and multimodal capacities and its capacity to provide dialogical science communication at scale, but also challenges in terms of accuracy, ‘wrongness at scale’ or job market implications. It also ponders implications for research on science communication, which has largely neglected (generative) AI so far. It argues that scholars should analyze public communication “about” AI as well as communication “with” AI, given its ‘increased agency’. Furthermore, scholars should analyze the impact of AI on science communication itself and the larger science communication ecosystem.

Theories of the public sphere—or more recently, of plural public spheres—are core elements of communication and media research. A lively and dynamic debate exists about the respective theories, and the approaches employed to do so have diversified in recent years. This special issue of Communication Theory aims to assess the role and future of public sphere(s) theory in digital societies: if, and where, are concepts of the public sphere(s) still useful and needed, which criticisms are (still) valid, which not, which new ones might be necessary, and which concepts need to be developed or elaborated to respond meaningfully to the digital transformation? This editorial introduces the topic of and contributions to the special issue as well as nine theses on the development of public sphere(s) theorizing.

This article introduces the notion of platformed conspiracism to conceptualize reconfigured forms of conspiracy theory communication as a result of the mutual shaping between platform specificities and emergent user practices. To investigate this relational socio-technological shaping, we propose a conceptual platform-sensitive framework that systematically guides the study of platformed conspiracism. To illustrate the application of the framework, we examine how platformed conspiracism unfolds on BitChute and Gab during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings show that both platforms have positioned themselves as technological equivalents to their “mainstream” counterparts, YouTube and Twitter, by offering similar interfaces and features. However, given their specific services, community-based and politically marketed business models, and minimalist approaches to content moderation, both platforms provide conspiracy propagators a fertile refuge through which they can diversify their presence and profit monetarily from their supply of conspiracy theories and active connection with their followers.

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are major players in public science communication. However, only a few studies have investigated HEI communication practitioners, who play an important role in shaping universities’ public relations and outreach communication. Building on the assumption that HEI communicators differ in their role conceptions, as well as professional and educational backgrounds, we surveyed 189 communicators from all 42 HEIs in Switzerland. Using segmentation analysis, we identified four types of communicators—(1) the leading all-rounder, (2) the generalist, (3) the science mediator, and (4) the service partner—who differ in their role conceptions, but also in their professional characteristics and organizational contexts.

Public communication has become more important to higher education institutions (HEIs), with many HEIs using social media to communicate with stakeholders. However, scholarship on the subject is scarce and mainly based on single-platform studies and small datasets. Therefore, we conducted a cross-platform study to examine the communication of all Swiss HEIs on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The results were based on two datasets: an automated analysis on data for all Swiss HEIs (n = 42) and their social media accounts from 2004 to 2021 (337,232 posts from 207 accounts), and a manual content analysis on 1,500 posts per platform. By including all HEIs in one country, this study allowed for a comparison of the results by HEI type: universities of applied sciences, universities of teacher education, and research universities. Results show that, in recent years, HEI communication increased on Instagram, but not on Facebook or Twitter. Twitter was used the most by research universities, while most Instagram and Facebook posts were from universities of applied sciences. Universities of teacher education were least active across all platforms. The content of communication across all HEI types was primarily self-referential. Our analysis of how well HEIs used the affordances of social media communication relative to hypertextuality and multimodality revealed a generally high level of adaption. Moreover, our data showed no substantial impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on posting activities and engagement with social media posts by HEIs for the two first years of the pandemic.

In many countries, science is challenged by science-related populism, which deems the common sense of “ordinary people” superior to the knowledge of “academic elites”. Individual support for science-related populism can be associated with people’s communication behavior: On the one hand, people who hold science-related populist attitudes may inform themselves differently about science; they may even be disconnected from societal discourse around science. On the other hand, they may communicate more actively on social media and in interpersonal conversations. We test this using nationally representative survey data from Switzerland. Results show that science-related populists use TV and social networking sites more often to get information about science. They are also more likely to communicate about science in social media comments. However, science-related populist attitudes are not associated with a general preference for social media over journalistic media. Science-related populism has thus not (yet) fueled a “science-related public disconnection”. We also run multiverse analyses, which show further nuances of our results, and discuss implications for science communication.

Research on conspiracy theories in digital media has grown considerably in recent years. As a result, the field of research has become more multidisciplinary and diverse. To bridge disciplinary boundaries, identify foci of analysis and research gaps, this study provides an interdisciplinary systematic literature review (2007–2020), analyzing current research on conspiracy theorizing online, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings show that the majority of studies lack a definition of conspiracy theories and fail to conceptually delineate conspiracy theories from other forms of deceptive content. We also found that while the field employs a variety of methodological approaches, most studies have focused on individual, “mainstream” social media platforms, “Western” countries, English-language communication, and single conspiracy theories. We use the findings of our review to remedy conceptual and empirical shortcomings and to provide suggestions on how to move forward in research on conspiracy theories online.