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This study presents statistical evaluation of a real case study of cement bags company. Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, process capability index, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to identify the impact of potential factors on the manufacturing process. The performance of manufacturing process is unsatisfactory because of the high variability in the dimensions of the cement bags, resulting in shifting of the specification limits. The drift of the upper and lower specification limits leads to loss profit and customer dissatisfaction. The results show that all the three factors have considerable effect on the variation of bag dimensions. The condition for limited budget of company is taken into consideration and the result shows that it is possible not to replace the current production line with new one and follow the proposed remedies. Implementations of these findings would decrease the percentage of off-specification by 67%.

The study aims at determining the Possibility of applying waste management in an integrated way; this management consists of (1) Parties involved in waste management, (2) Waste management application mechanism, and (3) Technical and material requirements, considering the internal and external obstacles facing five-star hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh. The results found a clear lack of application of a comprehensive approach to waste management due to the adverse effect of internal and external obstacles, also It was found that overcoming external constraints eliminates internal constraints as the former is the main source of the latter. In the light of the results, the study recommends hotels to prepare a strategy for integrated waste management through the study of successful hotel experiences with the importance of effective cooperation between the parties involved in waste management, to make the reduction element the main objective of hotel waste management, and to provide technical and financial requirements for successful hotels waste management.

Technology is moving so quickly, and in so many directions. Nowadays, the 3D printing technologies is a global trend, and as it evolves, the 3D printing technology is destined to transform almost every major industry, including the travel and hospitality industry and change the way of our life, work, and manage the future, thus tourism stakeholders and policy makers need to identify potentially technologies, and carefully consider their potential, before these technologies begin to impact travel and hospitality industry. This paper aims to examine the potential impacts of 3D technologies on travel & hospitality industry, data were collected through interviews with a sample of tourism stakeholders in Egypt.

This research aims at determining the impact of relationship marketing practices "CRM" (marketing communications - customer loyalty creation- customer partnership) on the financial performance standard of hotels, including improving the financial level and the duration of positive financial performance. The field study was applied to a simple random sample of marketing, sales, public relations and yield managers in five - star hotels in Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh . The research results concluded the lack of effect of (CRM) practices on the financial performance in case of applying one or two practices without the third, while applying all the three practices together showed a positive effect. The research recommended an integrated marketing orientation, based on customer retention; the study also suggested a form to measure the impact of "CRM" practices on the financial performance.

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal with several harmful effects including cardiotoxicity. For the first time, we aimed to evaluate the possible cardioprotective effect of carvedilol (CAR) in Cd induced cardiotoxicity and study the mechanisms involved in such protection including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and HO1/Nrf2 pathway. CAR (1,10 mg/kg/d) was administered orally for 4 weeks with Cd induced cardiac injury (3 mg/kg/d) orally for 4 weeks. We measured cardiac enzymes, mean arterial pressure changes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Moreover; cardiac tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), western blotting of caspase3 and eNOS levels and histopathology were evaluated. Immunoexpression of eNOS in cardiac tissue, gene expression changes of HO1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) using real time polymerase chain reactions (rtPCR) were detected. Our results showed that CAR could significantly decrease Cd induced cardiotoxicity.

Background: Suboptimal myocardial perfusion in primary PCI is associated with increased infarct size, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and higher mortality rates as compared as those with optimal myocardial perfusion. We identified clinical and procedural predictors of suboptimal myocardial reperfusion as judged by myocardial plush grade (MBG) in primary PCI. Methods and Results: 100 patients with acute STEMI who underwent primary PCI were prospectively subjected to clinical, ECG, laboratory and angiographic evaluation. Patients were classified into: Optimal myocardial reperfusion group: (n=73) who had final MBG=3. Suboptimal myocardial reperfusion group: (n=27) who had persistent final MBG ≤ 2. Suboptimal myocardial reperfusion group had statistically significant little history of angina prior to MI 5 (18.5%) vs 44 (60.3%), little current aspirin intake 6(22%) vs 38 (52% ), increased blood sugar on admission (240 ± 101 mg/dl vs 171 ± 72 mg/dl), increased total leucocytic count on admission (12.1 ± 3.6 vs 10.2 ± 3.3) 103/mm3, longer reperfusion time (6.1 ± 2.8 vs 4.3 ± 2.1 h ), higher thrombus burden 12 (44.4 % ) vs 13 (17.8 %), higher predilatation pressure (16 ± 2.3 vs 14 ± 1.8 ATM), repeated balloon inflation during predilatation 24 (92.3 % ) vs 46 (69.7%) as compared optimal myocardial reperfusion group, (P 15 ATM , high thrombus burden, neither history of angina nor aspirin intake prior to AMI, high total leucocytic count > 10103/mm3 and high blood glucose level > 160mg/dl were predictors for persistent suboptimal myocardial reperfusion in primary PCI. Keywords: Myocardial perfusion, Predictors, Primary PCI

Research Objective : Recognizing the effect of using the modified turn device with the pull and resistance styles on some of the kinematical, skillful and physical variables, and the indicators of the functional efficiency and the numerical level of the hammer throwing event. Research Hypotheses : 1. The suggested training programme positively affects the variables under study of the experimental and control groups. 2. Using the modified turn device with the pull and resistance styles positively affects some of the kinematical, skillful and physical variables of the junior players of the hammer throw competition 3. Using the modified turn device with the pull and resistance styles positively affects some of the functional efficiency and digital achievement of the junior players of the hammer throwing event Study Procedure : The two researchers used the experimental approach with the experimental design of two groups, an experimental group and a control one (( the experimental group ( using turn device of pull and resistance styles) – the control group ( traditional style)) with applying the measurements ( pre – post ) of the two groups.

The sector of tourism and hotels is one of the most important and an integrated sector of human activity, but it is still very sensitive to the tiny local, national and international changes. So this research aims at evaluating the negative effects of crises on the Egyptian hotels sector, in addition to evaluating the effectiveness of hospitality marketing as a tool of managing crises. Methodology of the research depended on the Secondary data which were collected from previous studies, and The primary data were collected through depth face to face interviews with the sales and marketing directors in five star hotels in Cairo (11 hotels) as well as sales and marketing offices of the hotels and resorts of Sharm El-Sheikh based in Cairo (16 hotels and resorts). To get their opinions about the research problem and compare these opinions with review of literature to extract results. The study showed the following results that: The hotels in Egypt have undergone So many crises that resulted in severe ill effects, and there are no pre-prepared plans to manage any potential crises. So it is necessary to prepare various marketing plans to manage any probable crisis. Moreover co-operation between the same area hotels and the official authorities is also recommended to plan wide-scale advertising campaigns to the target markets.

[EN] Abstract The present PhD thesis entitled "Supramolecular Chemistry: New chemodosimeters and hybrid materials for the chromo-fluorogenic detection of anions and neutral molecules" is based on the application of supramolecular chemistry and material science principles for the development of optical chemosensors for anions and neutral molecules detection. The second chapter of this PhD thesis is devoted to the preparation of chemodosimeters for the chromo-fluorogenic detection of fluoride, diisopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP) and hydrogen sulfide. The optical detection of fluoride anion was achieved by using a pyridine derivative containing a t-butyldimethylsilyl ether group. Aqueous solutions of the chemodosimeter were colorless but turned yellow upon addition of fluoride anion. Also a remarkable enhancement in emission was observed only upon the addition of fluoride. The optical changes were ascribed to a fluoride-induced hydrolysis of the silyl ether moiety. Also a chemodosimeter for the optical recognition of DFP, a nerve agent simulant, was prepared. In this case, the chemodosimeter was based on a stilbene pyridinium derivative functionalized with hydroxyl and silyl ether moieties. Aqueous solutions of the chemodosimeter were colorless changing to yellow upon DFP addition. The optical changes were ascribed to a hydroxyl phosphorylation followed by a fluoride-induced hydrolysis of the silyl ether group. Besides, that probe was implemented in test strips and DFP detection in gas phase was accomplished. Finally, the fluorogenic recognition of hydrogen sulfide anion was explored. For this purpose different fluorophores were selected and fucntionalized with 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether groups. The prepared probes were neraly non-emissive but remarkable emission enhancements upon addition of hydrogen sulfide were observed. The emission enhancements observed were due to a selective sulfide-induced hydrolysis of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether moiety that yielded the free fluorophores. Another set of chemodosimeters equipped with azide and sulfonylazide moieties were prepared. Again these probes were non-fluorescent but upon addition of hydrogen sulfide an important enhancement in emission was found. The selective response was ascribed to a reduction of the azide and sulfonylazide moieties to amine and sulfonylamide induced by hydrogen sulfide anion. Besides, the viability assays showed that these dosimeters were essentially non-toxic and real-time fluorescence imaging measurements confirmed their ability to detect intracellular hydrogen sulfide at micromolar concentrations. The third chapter of this PhD thesis was devoted to the preparation of nanoscopic gated materials and their use in sensing protocols. In a first step a gated material for the optical detection of glutathione (GSH) was prepared. For this purpose MCM-41 mesoporous silca nanoparticles were selected as inorganic scaffold. The pores were loaded with safranine O and the external surface was functionalized with disulfide-containing oligo(ethylene glycol) moieties. Dye delivery from aqueous suspensions of the sensory material was only observed in the presence of GSH. The signalling paradigm was ascribed to the selective reduction of the disulfide bond by GSH which induced pore opening and dye release. Also capped organic-inorganic hybrid materials for the selective detection of hydrogen sulfide were prepared and characterized. In this case the same MCM-41 support was used and charged with [Ru(bipy)3]2+ dye. Then, the external surface was functionalized with Cu(II)-macorcyclic complexes and finally, the pores were capped by the addition of the bulky anion hexametaphosphate. Aqueous suspensions of this material showed negligible dye release whereas in the presence of hydrogen sulfide anion a remarkable colour change was observed. This optical response was ascribed to a demetallation process of the Cu(II) complex induced by hydrogen sulfide., [ES] Resumen La presente tesis doctoral titulada "Química supramolecular: Nuevos dosímetros químicos y materiales híbridos para la detección cromo-fluorogénica de aniones y moléculas neutras." está basada en la aplicación de principios básicos de la química supramolecular y de la ciencia de materiales en el desarrollo de sensores ópticos para aniones y moléculas neutras. El segundo capítulo de esta tesis doctoral está dedicado a la preparación de dosímetros químicos para la detección cromo-fluorogénica de fluoruro, diisopropil fluorofosfato (DFP) y sulfuro de hidrógeno. Para la detección óptica del anión fluoruro se sintetizó un derivado de piridina funcionalizado con un t-butildimetilsilil éter. En este capítulo también se describe la preparación de un dosímetro químico para la detección de DFP, que es un simulante de agentes nerviosos. Este dosímetro está basado en un estilbeno funcionalizado con una sal de piridinio que contiene grupos hidroxilo y silil éter en su estructura. Finalmente se prepararon dos familias de sensores para la detección óptica de hidrógeno sulfuro. La primera familia de sensores consiste en fluoróforos comunes funcionalizados con 2,4-dinitrofenil éteres. Los sensores preparados no presentaron una emisión de fluorescencia importante mientras que, en presencia del anión hidrógeno sulfuro, se observó un aumento significativo. La segunda familia de dosímetros también estaba compuesta por ciertos fluorofóros pero, en este caso, funcionalizados con grupos azida y sulfonilazida. Los dosimétros preparados, siguiendo esta segunda aproximación, tampoco dieron una fluorescencia significativa observándose un aumento de la misma al añadir el anión hidrógeno sulfuro. El tercer capítulo de esta tesis doctoral está dedicado a la preparación de materiales híbridos nanoscópicos funcionalizados con puertas moleculares y su aplicación en protocolos de reconocimiento. En primer lugar se preparó un material para la detección óptica de glutatión (GSH). Para ello se emplearon nanopartículas de MCM-41 mesoporosas como soporte inorgánico. Los poros del soporte fueron cargados con el colorante safranina O y la superficie externa funcionalizada con oligo(etilenglicol) conteniendo enlaces disulfuro. También se prepararon y caracterizaron varios materiales híbridos para la detección selectiva del anión hidrógeno sulfuro. En este caso también se empleó, como soporte inorgánico, sílice mesoporosa MCM-41. Los poros del soporte inorgánico fueron cargados con [Ru(bipy)3]2+ y la superficie externa funcionalizada con varios complejos macrocíclicos de Cu(II). El material sensor final fue obtenido al añadir el anion hexametafosfato, que compleja con los complejos de Cu(II), produciendo un bloqueo de los poros., [CAT] Resum La present tesi doctoral titulada "Química supramolecular: Nous dosímetres químics i materials híbrids per a la detecció cromo-fluorogènica d'anions i molècules neutres." està basada en l'aplicació dels principis bàsics de la química supramolecular i de la ciència dels materials en el desenvolupament de sensors òptics per a anions i molècules neutres. El segon capítol d'aquesta tesi doctoral està dedicat a la preparació de dosímetres químics per a la detecció cromo-fluorogènica de fluorur, diisopropil fluorofosfat (DFP) i sulfur d'hidrogen. Per a la detecció òptica de l'anió fluorur es va sintetitzar un derivat de piridina funcionalitzat amb un t-dibutildimetilsilil èter. En aquest capítol també es descriu la preparació d'un dosímetre químic per a la detecció de DFP, que és un simulant d'agents nerviosos. Aquest dosímetre està basat en un estilbè funcionalitzat amb una sal de piridina que conté grups hidroxil i silis èter en la seua estructura. Finalment varen ser preparades dues famílies de sensors per a la detecció òptica de sulfur d'hidrogen. La primera família consisteix en fluoròfors comuns funcionalitzats amb 2,4-dinitrofenil èters. Els sensors preparats no presentaren una emissió de fluorescència significativa mentre que, en presencia de l'anió hidrogen sulfur, es va observar un augment significatiu. La segona família de dosímetres també estava composada per certs fluròfors però, en aquest cas, funcionalitzats amb grups azida i sulfonilazida. Els dosímetres preparats, seguint aquesta segona aproximació, tampoc donaren una fluorescència significativa observant-se un augment de la mateixa al afegir l'anió hidrogen sulfur. El tercer capítol d'aquesta tesi doctoral està dedicat a la preparació de materials híbrids nanoscòpics funcionalitzats amb portes moleculars i la seua aplicació en protocols de reconeixement. En primer lloc es va preparar un material per a la detecció òptica de glutatió (GSH). Per a aquest propòsit es varen emprar nanopartícules MCM-41 mesoporoses com a suport inorgànic. Els porus del suport varen ser carregats amb el colorant safranina O i la superfície externa funcionalitzada amb oligo(etilenglicol) que contenia enllaços disulfurs. També varen ser preparats i caracteritzats diversos materials híbrids per a la detecció selectiva de l'anió hidrogen sulfur. En aquest cas també es va emprar, com a suport inorgànic, sílice mesoporosa MCM-41. Els porus del suport inorgànic varen ser carregats amb [Ru(bipy)3]2+ i la superfície externa funcionalitzada amb diversos complexos macrocíclics de Cu(II). El material sensor final es va obtindre al afegir l'anió hexametafosfat, que es complexa amb macrocicles de Cu(II), produint un bloqueig dels porus., El Sayed Shehata Nasr, S. (2015). Supramolecular Chemistry: New chemodosimeters and hybrid materials for the chromo-fluorogenic detection of anions and neutral molecules [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. doi:10.4995/Thesis/10251/52598., TESIS

A simple chemodosimeter based on a sulfonyl azide dye (1-Az), which displayed a highly selective response toward hydrogen sulfide anion in mixed aqueous media, was synthesised and characterised. Addition of hydrogen sulfide to acetonitrile/HEPES 1:1 solutions of 1-Az induced a clear colour change from red-orange to yellow, which was easily detected by the naked eye, and by an enhancement in the emission intensity. Other common anions, thiol-containing biomolecules and oxidants did not induce any noticeable colour or fluorescence modulation in the probe. The chemodosimeter also showed a good sensitivity, with limits of detection of 11.91 and 0.63 μm by using UV/Vis or fluorescence measurements, respectively. Moreover, 1-Az could be used for real-time fluorescence imaging of intracellular HS at micromolar concentrations., The authors thank the Spanish Government (project MAT2012-38429-C04-01), the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2009/016) and CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) for their support. The authors are also grateful to Fundacion Carolina and UPNFM Honduras (doctoral grant to L. E. S.-F.) and the Generalitat Valenciana for Santiago Grisolia (fellowship to S. E. S.).

Seit einigen Jahren wird die Einkapselungstechnik für die Produktion künstlicher Samen oder zur Vorbereitung der Kryokonservierung genutzt. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchungen war es, Methoden zur Einkapselung von Dendranthema- und Rosa-Sprosssegmenten zu entwickeln und dadurch "künstliche Samen" herzustellen, die für die Konversion unter In-vitro- und Ex-vitro-Bedingungen geeignet sind. Es wurde mit den Dendranthema-Sorten `PS 27´, `Snowdon Weiß´, `Topfweiß´ und `Garden mum´ und mit der Rosensorte, Rosa hybrida `Kardinal´, gearbeitet. Von 3 bis 5 Wochen alten Sprosskulturen wurden 4 bis 5 mm lange Nodiensegmente entnommen und in der Gelmatrix eingekapselt. Sowohl das Alter der Sprosskulturen (Subkulturdauer) als auch die Position der Explantate am Spross hatten einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die Konversion. Die Konversion war bei den Sprossspitzen schneller und besser als bei den Nodiensegmenten. Bei Dendranthema konnte mit 5 Wochen alten Sprosskulturen gearbeitet werden. Bei den Rosen wurden bessere Ergebnisse mit Nodiensegmenten von 3 Wochen alten Sprosskulturen erzielt. Nach Optimierung der Gelmatrixkomponenten konnte für Dendranthema eine 100%ige Konversion unter sterilen Bedingungen erreicht werden, wenn der Gelmatrix (3% Na-Alginat) MS-Salze, Vitamine, 3% Saccharose und 1 mg/l IES zugesetzt wurden. Unter unsterilen Bedingungen erreichte die Sprossbildung 73%, wenn eine Zwei-Schicht-Kapsel mit einer nährstofffreien äußeren Schicht und Nährstoffen in der inneren Schicht verwendet wurde. Rosa hybrida `Kardinal´ hatte andere Ansprüche an die Nährstoffversorgung und die Zugabe von Wachstumsregulatoren als Dendranthema. Die Konversion der eingekapselten Nodiensegmente von Rosa hybrida `Kardinal´ erreichte auf einem Agar-Wasser-Medium fast 60%, wenn der Gelmatrix MS-Salze, Vitamine, 80 g/l bzw. 90 g/l Saccharose und 2 mg/l IBS zugesetzt wurden. Es wurden auch Nodiensegmente aus dem Gewächshaus direkt zur Einkapselung verwendet. Die Konversion dieser Nodiensegmente von Dendranthema `PS 27´ erreichte auf einem Agar-Wasser-Medium 75%, wenn der Gelmatrix MS + 4 mg/l IES zugesetzt wurden. Die eingekapselten Nodiensegmente von Dendranthema `PS 27´ konnten bei 4°C in einer MS + 1,0 mg/l IES-Lösung für 3 Monate gelagert werden. Recently, the encapsulation technique is used for the production of artificial seeds or for cryopreservation. The aim of the present studies was to develop methods for encapsulation of Dendranthema- and Rosa-shoot segments to produce artificial seeds, that are suitable for the conversion under in vitro and ex vitro conditions. Dendranthema `PS 27´, `Snowdon Weiß´, `Topfweiß´ and `Garden mum´ and Rosa hybrida `Kardinal´ were used as plant material for the encapsulation. Nodal segments of about 4-5 mm length were taken as explants for the encapsulation. The conversion was influenced by the quality of the plant material used for encapsulation. The age of shoot cultures (subculture duration) and the position of explant on the shoot affected the conversion. The conversion of the shoot tips was faster and better than that of the nodal segments. With Dendranthema, 5 weeks old shoot cultures could be used, while in Rosa nodal segments of 3 weeks old cultures responded better. After optimization of the components of the gel matrix (3% Na-Alginat), 100% conversion could be recorded under sterile conditions for Dendranthema, when the gel matrix contained MS salts, vitamins, 3% sucrose and 1 mg/l IAA. The percentage of shoot formation reached 73% under non-sterile conditions, when a two-layer-capsule was used with a nutrient free cover layer and nutrients in the inner layer. Rosa hybrida `Kardinal´ had other nutritional and hormonal requirements compared with Dendranthema. The conversion frequency of the encapsulated shoot buds of Rosa hybrida `Kardinal´ reached almost 60% on agar-water-medium, when the gel matrix obtained MS salts, vitamins, 80 g/l or 90 g/l sucrose and 2 mg/l IBS. In this work, also shoot buds from the greenhouse were encapsulated directly. The conversion frequency of these encapsulated buds of Dendranthema `PS 27´ reached 75% on agar-water-medium, when the gel matrix contained MS + 4 mg/l IES. The encapsulated shoot buds of Dendranthema `PS 27´ could be stored for 3 months at 4°C in MS liquid medium.