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Introduction: The impact of consensus, prescription choices and efficacy trends on clinical practice over time has not been studied in depth.Aims & Methods: International multicenter prospective non-intervention-al registry aimed to evaluate the decisions and outcomes of H. pyloriman-agement by European gastroenterologists. All infected adult patients were systematically registered at AEG-REDCap e-CRF from 2013 to December 2021. Variables included: previous eradication attempts, prescribed treatment, adverse events, and outcomes. Modified intention- to-treat (mITT) and time trend analyses were performed. Data were subject to quality review.Results: So far 49, 739 patients from 29 European countries have been in-cluded, and 35, 203 (71%) were first-line empirical prescriptions. Overall, the most common prescribed treatments in the 2013-21 period were triple therapies ; however, a shift in antibiotic regimens was identi-fied. Triple therapies decreased from over 50% of prescription in 2013/15 to less than 25% in 2020/21 ; likewise, non-bismuth concomitant therapy use decreased from 21% in 2013/14 to 13% in 2020/21, while three-in-one single- capsuleincreased from 0- 1% in 2014/2015 to 17% in 2020/21. An increase in the average duration of treatments from 9.8 days in 2013 to 13 days in 2021 was identified, as well as the daily high- dose of PPIs increasing from 16% in 2013 to 50% in 2021. Detailed description of most common treatments is shown in Table 1. Re-garding the effectiveness of each specific treatment, no trend was identi-fied (data now shown) ; however, there was a 10% overall improvement in first-line mITT overall effectiveness from 2013 to 2021. Conclusion: European gastroenterological practice is constantly adapting to the newest published evidence and recommendations (reducing the use of triple therapies and increasing both the duration of treatment and the dose of PPIs), with a subsequent progressive improvement in overall effectiveness.

Introduction: Management of Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori) re-quires co- treatment with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the use of an- tibiotics to achieve successful eradicationAims & Methods: To evaluate the role of PPIs in the eradication of H. py-lori, based on the “European Registry onHelicobacter pylori Management” (Hp- EuReg).The Hp-EuReg is a multicentre, prospective, non-interventional, registry assessing decisions and outcomes of H. pylori management by European gastroenterologists in routine clinical practice. Countries recruiting more than 1, 000 patients were included. Effectiveness was assessed by modi- fied intention-to-treat (mITT). Data were quality reviewed.Results: Overall, 22, 078 patients from 5 countries were analysed. Optimal (»90%) first-line mITT effectiveness was achieved with the following treatments: 14-day clarithromycin- amoxicillin- bismuth quadruple therapy, and 14- day metronidazole-tetracycline-bismuth quadruple therapy, both inde-pendently of the PPI dose prescribed ; in all 10- or 14-day therapies with high-dose PPIs (except with standard 10-day triple therapy) ; in 10-day se-quential and 10- day quadruple clarithromycin-amoxicillin- bismuth, and 10-day quadruple metronidazole- tetracycline- bismuth with standard-dose PPIs. None of the 7-day therapies achieved optimal cure rates re-gardless of the PPI dose used. The PPI dose was significantly associated with the effectiveness of: 10- or 14- day standard triple and quadruple con-comitant therapies, and 10-day quadruple sequential and metronidazole-tetracycline-bismuth therapies. Table 1 details the mITT effectiveness by duration and PPI dose used.Conclusion: In first-lineH. pylori treatment, ≥90% effectiveness is obtained with standard-dose PPIs in 10-day sequential and 10- or 14-day bismuth quadruple therapies and with high-dose PPIs in all 10- or 14-day therapies except with standard 10-day triple therapy.

Introduction: Introduction: Randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses, primarily from Asian countries, have reported good effectiveness with high-dose dual therapy (HDDT, i.e., PPIs plus high amoxicillin doses) when prescribed for H. pylorifirst-line or rescue treatment. However, combining amoxicillin with PPIs in the 1990s in several European countries yielded suboptimal results. The objective was to analyse the effectiveness, com-pliance and safety of HDDTin the European real clinical practice.Aims & Methods: Methods: International, multicenter, prospective non- interventional Registry aimed at evaluating the decisions and outcomes of H. pylori management by European gastroenterologists. All infected adult cases treated with HDDT were registered at AEG- REDCap e-CRF up to June 2021. Patients receiving HDDT (amoxicillin 1, 000 mg three times a day plus a PPI), with or without bismuth, in any treatment line and for at least 10 days, were selected for inclusion.Results: Sixty patients received HDDT (98% compliance), 19 of them as first-line and 41 as rescue treatment (2nd–6th line). Overall HDDT effec- tiveness was 52% (per-protocol) and 51% (modified intention-to- treat, mITT). First-line and rescue treatment lines were similarly effective. Cure rates were lower when patients had previously received metronidazole (mITT 32% vs. 70%, p

This study reveals the issues of integrating systems into reading instruction in order to improve the reading comprehension skills of struggling EFL students. It is required of a teacher for the quality of education and experience. In this article we considered the most important and useful information about developing reading skills in teaching English language. In order to assess the effectiveness of systems and activities in improving reading comprehension skills in EFL contexts, an experimental study was carried out. The findings indicate clearly that there was a significant difference between experimental groups. It can be then generalized that systems and applications in general provide a motivating learning environment for teaching reading which has its positive implications on improving the reading skills of students.

Way for applying tantalum coating with a given structure to the surface of an alloy with a shape memory effect NiTi to increase the biocompatibility of implants from this alloy is presented. The coating was synthesized by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The changes sequence of the structural-phase states depending on the thickness of the coating, that is, the rate of its deposition, has been established. It is shown that at a low magnetron power, ∼14 W in present study, a single-phase α-Ta coating with a bcc structure and a high degree of perfection of the crystal lattice is successfully synthesized on the titanium nickelide surface.

BACKGROUND: Managing Helicobacter pylori infection requires constant decision making, and each decision is open to possible errors. AIM: The aim was to evaluate common mistakes in the eradication of H. pylori, based on the "European Registry on Helicobacter pylori management". METHODS: European Registry on Helicobacter pylori management is an international multicentre prospective noninterventional registry evaluating the decisions and outcomes of H. pylori management by European gastroenterologists in routine clinical practice. RESULTS: Countries recruiting more than 1000 patients were included (26,340 patients). The most common mistakes (percentages) were: (1) To use the standard triple therapy where it is ineffective (46%). (2) To prescribe eradication therapy for only 7 to 10 days (69%). (3) To use a low dose of proton pump inhibitors (48%). (4) In patients allergic to penicillin, to prescribe always a triple therapy with clarithromycin and metronidazole (38%). (5) To repeat certain antibiotics after eradication failure (>15%). (6) Failing to consider the importance of compliance with treatment (2%). (7) Not to check the eradication success (6%). Time-trend analyses showed progressive greater compliance with current clinical guidelines. CONCLUSION: The management of H. pylori infection by some European gastroenterologists is heterogeneous, frequently suboptimal and discrepant with current recommendations. Clinical practice is constantly adapting to updated recommendations, although this shift is delayed and slow.

Der Artikel definiert den Begriff des Sprichworts, der sich mit seinen Funktionen und seiner Klassifizierung befasst. Der Artikel gibt Aufschluss über die Entwicklung von Sprichwörtern auf der Grundlage linguokulturologischer, vergleichender und deskriptiver Methodenanalysen. Außerdem werden einige Sprichwörter in den Sprachen Englisch und Karakalpak mittels linguokulturologischer Analyse verglichen. In dem Artikel wurden Arbeiten von Wissenschaftlern analysiert, die Sprichwörter studiert haben. Der Autor stellt fest, dass das Studium von Sprichwörtern als eine der effektivsten Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der sprachlichen Kompetenz von Schülern gilt. Sprichwörter drücken Erfahrungen der Nationen aus und spiegeln ihre Geschichte, Lebensweise, Kultur und Entwicklung wider. In dem Artikel analysiert der Autor die Arbeiten und Theorien der Forscher, die die Paremiologie der Englischen, Russischen, Usbekischen und Karakalpakischen Sprachen studiert haben

В статье на материале фразеологических единиц, отобранных методом сплошной выборки из фразеологических словарей русского и казахского языков, рассматриваются структурно-семантические типы фразеологизмов, содержащих компонент «женщина/әйел». Автор приходит к выводу, что фразеологические единицы в обоих языках называют исторически сложившиеся психологические типы женщин и их социальные роли. В казахском языке преобладают фразеологизмы, называющие женщин по внешнему виду и по важнейшей социальные роли – быть женой и матерью, в русском языке отражены в основном психологические типы женщин.

The multicenter prospective observational study initiated by the European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG) is conducted in 27 countries in Europe. The data from the Russian part of the European registry for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection (European Registry on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection, protocol: "Hp-EuReg") allows us to analyze the real clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori and compare it with international recommendations.A comparative analysis of the data entered in the register by the Russian research centers "Hp-EuReg", in the period from 2013 to 2018, was conducted.Invasive diagnostic methods prevail for the primary diagnosis of H. pylori [histology - 20.3% (in 2013 year) - 43.9% (in 2018 year), rapid urease test - 31.7% and 47.8% respectively]. The most popular mode of eradication therapy is a 10-day triple therapy (62.8-76.2%), the effectiveness of which does not exceed 79% (per protocol). Invasive tests (histology) are the leading method for control the effectiveness of therapy, however, there is a tendency towards a wider use of non-invasive methods (H. pylori stool antigen - from 17% in 2013 to 29.3% in 2018 and urea breath test from 6.9 to 18.3%, respectively). Serological test to control the effectiveness of eradication is still used from 8.2% (2013) to 6.1% (2018). Eradication therapy was not performed in 28% of patients throughout the entire observation period.In Russia, despite approved domestic and international recommendations, deviations in clinical practice persist, both during eradication therapy and in monitoring the effectiveness of eradication therapy.от имени научного комитета и исследователей Hp-EuReg Наблюдательное многоцентровое проспективное исследование, инициированное Европейской группой по изучению Helicobacter pylori и микробиоты (EHMSG), проводится в 27 странах Европы. Данные российской части Европейского регистра ведения инфекции Helicobacter pylori (European Registry on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection, протокол: «Hp-EuReg») позволяют проанализировать реальную клиническую практику диагностики и лечения H. pylori и сопоставить ее с международными рекомендациями. Материалы и методы. Проведен сравнительный анализ данных, внесенных в регистр российскими центрами исследования «Hp-EuReg» в период с 2013 г. по февраль 2018 г. Результаты и обсуждение. Для первичной диагностики H. pylori доминируют инвазивные методы: гистологическое исследование (20,3% в 2013 г. и 43,9% в 2018 г.) и быстрый уреазный тест (31,7 и 47,8% соответственно). Наиболее часто назначаемым режимом эрадикации является 10-дневная тройная терапия (62,8-76,2%), эффективность которой per protocol не превышает 79%. Ведущим методом контроля эффективности остаются инвазивные тесты (гистологическое исследование), однако намечается тенденция к росту применения неинвазивных методов: моноклонального теста на антиген H. pylori в кале (с 17% в 2013 г. до 29,3% в 2018 г.) и уреазного дыхательного теста (с 6,9 до 18,3% соответственно). Серологический тест с целью контроля эрадикации продолжают использовать от 8,2% в 2013 г. до 6,1% в 2018 г. Не проводился контроль у 28% больных. Выводы. В России сохраняются значимые отклонения клинической практики от отечественных и международных рекомендаций, как при проведении эрадикационной терапии, так и на этапе контроля ее эффективности.

On behalf of the scientific Committee and researchers Hp-EuReg European Registry on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection («Hp-EuReg») - a multicenter prospective observational study initiated by the European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group, conducted in 27 European countries in order to evaluate the real clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori and its comparison with international recommendations. Materials and methods. The analysis of 2360 patients entered in the register by the Russian centres of «Hp-EuReg» in 2013-2017, who were underwent 1st line eradication therapy. Results. The most common methods of primary diagnosis of H. pylori are histological (37.7%), rapid urease test (29.2%) and serology (29.7%). The duration of eradication therapy in 9.4% of cases was 7 days, in 65.3% - 10 days, and in 25.3% - 14 days. To control the effectiveness of treatment, H. pylori antigen in feces (31.3%), urea breath test (23.4%) and histological method (23.3%) were used. In 3.6% cases was used serology by mistake. In 17.3% of patients control was not carried out. The effectiveness of triple therapy with a PPI, amoxicillin, clarithromycin (per protocol) was 67.6%, with 7-day course, 81.1% at 10-day and 86.7% at 14-day course. Еradication rate of triple therapy with addition of bismuth (per protocol) reached 90,6% in the group receiving 10-day scheme and 93.6% in the group receiving the 14-day treatment. Conclusion. Significant deviations of clinical practice from expert recommendations, most pronounced at the stage of monitoring the effectiveness of therapy, were noted. The suboptimal efficacy of triple therapy is shown.

The aim of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of ionizing radiation on pests of grain and its products. The task is to develop a method for the control of pests of products of grain origin, such as Sitophilus granarius L. and Tribolium confusum Duv. before storing them. According to the literature, the features of sterilizing and lethal effects on insects of ionizing radiation in various doses have been studied and the disinsection process has been developed in an industrial installation. Irradiation of insects with gamma rays or accelerated electrons in certain doses causes their sexual sterilization. Sterile males, mating with fertile females, lead the latter to sterility. This phenomenon provides partial protection of the radiation-disinfected grain from re-colonization by insects during the life of the sterile population. The advantages of radiation processing of agricultural products over chemical ones are lower cost, no danger of contamination of products, high performance technology with continuous irradiation on the stream. At the same time, we took into account the effects of radiation treatment on the biological indicators of the remaining living pests (weevils and mealworm) of stocks after treatment. In all the variants, the number of insects remaining in live after 14 days after irradiation was 30.5-54.3%, and after 20 days - 26.9-39.7%, in the control90-100%, respectively. According to our data, it was determined that during radiation treatment with the indicated doses, the duration of the life cycle of beetles and their fecundity are reduced. The treatment at the electron accelerator ILU-10 with selected doses proved to be effective for the destruction of the weevils (Sitophilus granarius L.) and the mealworm (Tribolium confusum Duv.) in the products under study.

Using a non-replicated plot design, we experimentally assessed the effects of a locally produced biological pesticide on the abundance, species richness and Shannon diversity of beneficial insects in four forage crops (alfalfa, soybeans, corn, and triticale) in southeastern Kazakhstan. 2-way ANOV tests detected no effect of the biological pesticide treatment on the abundance (N) of either predators or pollinators. However, there were significant differences in pollinator and predator abundances among crops. Pairwise t-tests between the experiment and control plots for each crop detected no significant differences in predator or pollinator Shannon diversity index values (H). Paired t-tests revealed significant differences in diversity index values for both predator and pollinator functional groups among crops within each treatment (experiment, control). Corn and triticale plots had notably similar predator abundance (N), species richness (S) and Shannon diversity index (H) values. Corn, alfalfa and soy-triticale differed in pollinator Shannon H, N and S values, suggesting each contained a distinct pollinator assemblage. A trial rapid assessment for differences using a point-based system for indicator species showed only small difference among crops and between treatment and control plots. This method may be more applicable in situations sampling disturbance needs to be minimized and a rapid but less thorough assessment is required.

Цель. Ретроспективный анализ карт патоморфологических исследований (протоколов) пациентов с врожденными пороками сердца и сосудов (ВПС) с целью оценки влияния коморбидности при ВПС. Материал и методы. В качестве материала проанализировано 295 патоморфологических исследований (аутопсий) пациентов с ВПС и истории болезни пациентов за период 2011 по 2019 гг. Всем пациентам проведен комплекс клинико-лабораторных и гистологических исследований. Cогласно анамнезу cреди анализируемых пациентов было 37 (12,5) недоношенных детей к сроку гестации и маловесных новорожденных, 258 (87,5) доношенных к сроку гестации. Результаты. Структура экстракардиальной патологии у умерших пациентов была следующей: у 140 (47,5) соматическая патология (инфекции, заболевания крови, органов дыхания и другие) у 113 (38,3) множественные врожденные пороки развития (МВПР) у 28 (9,5) генетические и наследственные синдромы, у 12 (4,1) острая хирургическая патология. Достоверно часто встречались среди сопутствующей патологии: МВПР (95 доверительный интервал (ДИ) 32,644), внутриутробные инфекции (ВУИ) (95 ДИ 13,822,8), различные заболевания легких (95 ДИ 1,55,9). Прооперированы 173 пациента (операции на открытом сердце в 114 (65,9) случаях, закрытые операции в 29 (16,8), в 30 (17,3) операции на желудочно-кишечном тракте (ЖКТ), центральной нервной системе (ЦНС) и диафрагме). В 2 случаях пациентам были проведены одновременно операции и на сердце, и на органах ЖКТ и легких, ЦНС (лапаротомия, трепанация черепа, коррекция пороков диафрагмы). В структуре исследуемых пациентов проведен сравнительный анализ оценки базовой шкалы Аристотеля и коморбидности при ВПС. Заключение. Наличие сопутствующих заболеваний у пациентов оказывает значимое влияние на течение основного заболевания, исход, развитие осложнений. Комплексный анализ течения и осложнений в детской кардиохирургии и кардиологии необходим для улучшения качества лечения. Наряду с базовой оценочной шкалой Аристотеля сложности процедур в детской кардиохирургии продолжается поиск современных шкал прогнозирования развития осложнений и летальности. Диагностика ассоциированных внесердечных врожденных дефектов и экстракардиальной патологии имеет важность для клинической практики в определении сроков и этапов операции на сердце или других органах, профилактики осложнений, прогнозирования клинического состояния пациента в катамнезе. Оценка рисков у пациента с ВПС до операции должна проводиться с помощью шкалы Аристотеля и с обязательным включением значимости коморбидной патологии.

European Registry on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection («Hp-EuReg») - a multicenter prospective observational study initiated by the European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group, conducted in 27 European countries in order to evaluate the real clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori and its comparison with international recommendations.The analysis of 2360 patients entered in the register by the Russian centres of «Hp-EuReg» in 2013-2017, who were underwent 1st line eradication therapy.The most common methods of primary diagnosis of H. pylori are histological (37.7%), rapid urease test (29.2%) and serology (29.7%). The duration of eradication therapy in 9.4% of cases was 7 days, in 65.3% - 10 days, and in 25.3% - 14 days. To control the effec- tiveness of treatment, H. pylori antigen in feces (31.3%), urea breath test (23.4%) and histological method (23.3%) were used. In 3.6% cases was used serology by mistake. In 17.3% of patients control was not carried out. The effectiveness of triple therapy with a PPI, amoxicillin, clar- ithromycin (per protocol) was 67.6%, with 7-day course, 81.1% at 10-day and 86.7% at 14-day course. Eradication rate of triple therapy with addition of bismuth (per protocol) reached 90,6% in the group receiving 10-day scheme and 93.6% in the group receiving the 14-day treatment.Significant deviations of clinical practice from expert recommendations, most pronounced at the stage of monitoring the effectiveness of therapy, were noted. The suboptimal efficacy of triple therapy is shown.