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Exposure to harmful content, fake news, and hate speech, calls to question whether citizens are 'responsible' when it comes to their online news behavior. This exploratory study aims to positioning news literacy as a mediating factor toward fostering civic responsibility by investigating its role in enhancing youth's online news experience and preparing them against harmful content. News literacy is defined as a multi-structural construct with three main constituents: motivation, knowledge, and skills. The study's main goal is accomplished through delving into youth's online news experience, and assessing their level of news literacy through a mixed methods approach relying on focus group discussions as a qualitative method and survey as a quantitative method. The study is applied to a sample of youth from Egypt and a sample of youth from Spain, on whom comparative analysis is conducted. Findings reveal a positive correlation between news literacy and: the ability to identify fake news, the ability to identify hate speech, engagement with news, caring about the veracity of content before sharing, and motivation to seek news. Negative perceptions about professional news media's performance have been expressed by respondents from both countries, with the main justification being that news media are not fulfilling their role as should be. La exposición a contenidos nocivos, noticias falsas y discursos de odio hace que nos preguntemos si los ciudadanos son «responsables» cuando hablamos de su comportamiento online. Este estudio exploratorio pretende posicionar la alfabetización periodística como un factor mediador hacia el fomento de la responsabilidad cívica, investigando su papel en la mejora de la experiencia de los jóvenes con las noticias online, preparándolos contra los contenidos nocivos. La alfabetización periodística se define como un concepto multiestructural con tres componentes principales: motivación, conocimientos y habilidades. Un objetivo del estudio es profundizar en la experiencia de los jóvenes con las noticias online, evaluando su nivel de alfabetización periodística mediante un enfoque de métodos mixtos que se basan en discusiones de grupos focales y en una encuesta. El estudio se aplica a una muestra de jóvenes de Egipto y a otra de jóvenes de España, a partir de las cuales se realiza un análisis comparativo. Los resultados revelan una correlación positiva entre la alfabetización periodística y: la capacidad de identificar las noticias falsas y el discurso de odio, el compromiso con las noticias, la preocupación por la veracidad del contenido antes de compartirlo y la motivación para buscar noticias. Los encuestados de ambos países han expresado percepciones negativas sobre la eficacia de los medios de comunicación profesionales, con la justificación principal de que los medios de comunicación no están cumpliendo su función como deberían.

Hoy en día, las ciudades compiten por convertirse en la elección de la comunidad mundial en materia de inversiones, comercio, turismo y asociaciones. En este contexto, la redefinición de su estrategia de comunicación, especialmente a nivel digital, se ha convertido en un reto urgente. Por otro lado, la Covid-19 ha impactado directamente en todas las facetas de la vida y, particularmente, en el mundo de los viajes y el turismo, se ha transformado en una crisis de comunicación para las ciudades. Basados en esto, el presente trabajo, utilizando una metodología ya probada en sitios web de diferentes áreas temáticas, presenta una investigación descriptiva, explicativa y exploratoria de los sitios web de las 26 ciudades más visitadas del mundo. Concibiendo los sitios web como el centro neurálgico de la estrategia de comunicación de las ciudades, el estudio ha aplicado una herramienta de análisis basada en seis variables (usabilidad, interactividad, información ofrecida, tipología y actualización de contenidos, redes sociales y contenidos transmedia, y accesibilidad) y organizada en torno a 75 categorías temáticas. Esto permitió profundizar, entre otros temas, en cómo se muestra la ciudad a través de sus canales digitales, qué cuenta y cómo lo cuenta y, de forma muy relevante, cómo las ciudades han abordado la información relacionada con la Covid-19 en sus webs. La investigación destaca, entre otros aspectos, una tendencia a la mediatización de los procesos siguiendo rutinas propias de los cibermedios, advirtiendo de la necesidad de incrementar el papel de las webs como espacios informativos sobre la Covid-19. Nowadays, cities are competing to become the global community's choice in investment, trade, tourism, and partnerships. In this context, the redefinition of their communication strategy, especially at the digital level, has become an urgent challenge. On the other side, COVID-19 has directly impacted all facets of life and, particularly in the world of travel and tourism, has transformed into a communication crisis for cities. On this basis, this paper, using a methodology already proven on websites of different thematic areas, presents a descriptive, explanatory, and exploratory research on the websites of the 26 most visited cities in the world. Conceiving websites as the nerve center of cities communication strategy, the study has applied an analysis tool based on six variables (usability, interactivity, information offered, content typology and updating, social networks and transmedia content, and accessibility) and organized around 75 thematic categories. This made it possible to deepen among other topics, on how the city is shown through its digital channels, what and how it tells the story, and, very relevantly, how cities have tackled Covid-19 related information on their websites. The research highlights, among other aspects, a trend towards the mediatization of processes following routines typical of cybermedia, warning of the need to increase the role of websites as informative spaces on Covid-19.

Enseñar es aprender. El nuevo escenario informativo y comunicativo demanda de importantes transformaciones en las propuestas formativas dirigidas a la preparación de los futuros profesionales del periodismo y de la comunicación. Junto a la adquisición de nuevas competencias y habilidades, emerge el resto de redefinir las metodologías educativas a partir del estudio del nuevo perfil de usuario, de la coyuntura comunicativa y de la variedad de recursos que ofrece el ciberespacio. Partiendo de ello, este texto reflexiona sobre algunas características del nuevo escenario edu-comunicativo y delinea una serie de “territorios” que demandan de un trabajo continuado desde la investigación, la docencia y la divulgación. Todo conecta con uno de los principales desafíos de la actual coyuntura: potenciar la media literacy como un antídoto frente a la desinformación, la postverdad y la eclosión de contenidos falseados que han convertido la Sociedad de la información en una Sociedad del ruido digital. Palabras clave: periodismo, enseñanza, internet, comunicación.

Even though the independence referendum held in 2017 in Catalonia was unsuccessful, the large role of the media together with easy, fast international broadcasting and the fear of a possible mimic effect in other regions made the entire world observe and discuss the event. The purpose of this article is to analyse the media coverage of the referendum in two benchmark British newspapers, The Guardian and The Telegraph. Based on hypotheses that the news coverage regarding the Catalonian referendum might be prone to the dissemination of information according to the editorial position of the newspapers, this research has analysed 188 news pieces by using framing analysis. The first hypothesis, that both newspapers adapted their versions of the story to readers according to the predisposition of the different editorial trends of each newspaper, was not confirmed. The results allow us to conclude that in the news of the benchmark British press regarding the illegal referendum in Catalonia, fair journalistic coverage prevailed.

The popularization of new interaction spaces brings new narratives and social phenomena that merit attention from the sci‐ entific community. Based on the existing literature on the new challenges facing the communication discipline with these emerging narratives, this editorial summarizes the empirical and theoretical contributions of the thematic issue entitled “New Narratives for New Consumers: Influencers and the Millennial and Centennial Generations.” The authors emphasize that the studies selected for this thematic issue explore the innovative features and opportunities of the emerging scenar‐ ios and offer a cautionary account of their structural problems and the urgency of a new media literacy. © Luis M. Romero-Rodríguez, Santiago Tejedor, Inmaculada Berlanga. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction of the work without further permission provided the original author(s) and source are credited.

Digital media have enhanced the user-media-content relationship. Now the challenge for cyberjournalism is to encourage audience participation and engagement, which is why interactivity is essential. To distinguish between the types of interactivity that can be applied in journalism, we analyzed 23 publications from the world’s most subscribed cybermedia. We found that the most used types of interactivity are personalization and social. But generative and navigational interactivity, with augmented reality and immersion, are almost non-existent, thus being challenges for the sector.

Resumen Esta investigación realizó un estudio comparativo entre tres países muy impactados por el coronavirus a partir del análisis de las reflexiones de docentes sobre la enseñanza virtual universitaria durante la etapa de confinamiento. El estudio, de carácter descriptivo, exploratorio y explicativo, aplicó 196 encuestas, entre marzo y abril de 2020, a docentes de periodismo, comunicación y educación de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (España), Universidad de Torino (Italia) y Universidad Técnica de Machala (Ecuador). Como resultado, los docentes, de forma mayoritaria, valoran negativamente el paso a la virtualidad, pues este se asocia, de forma recurrente, con un incremento del trabajo. Además, demandan competencias digitales básicas en los jóvenes universitarios y capacitaciones, de parte de sus instituciones, en el componente tecnológico y pedagógico-digital. A modo de conclusión, los docentes encuestados reconocen que es necesaria la promoción del pensamiento crítico y reflexivo vinculado a la gestión estratégica de las TIC. Abstract This research conducted a comparative study between three countries highly impacted by the coronavirus based on the analysis of teachers' reflections on virtual university education during the confinement stage. The study, of a descriptive, exploratory and explanatory nature, applied 196 surveys, between March and April 2020, to professors of Journalism, Communication and Education of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain), University of Torino (Italy) and Technical University of Machala (Ecuador). As a result, teachers, in a majority, negatively value the move to virtuality, since this is associated, on a recurring basis, with an increase in work. In addition, they demand basic digital skills in young university students and training, on the part of their institutions, in the technological and pedagogical-digital component. By way of conclusion, the teachers surveyed recognize that it is necessary to promote critical and reflective thinking linked to the strategic management of ICT.

Introduction: Political parties struggle to reconnect to Young people by using social networks. Acknowledging that 2020 has been the year of TikTok, most Spanish political parties have joined this social network: Podemos, with 191.400 followers and 3.1 million likes, is the most followed political party on this platform. Method: Using multimodal content analysis, this paper aims at analyzing how the party is using this social network, and for which purposes, placing the attention on how Podemos has adapted to TikTok specificities in terms of both language and technical affordances. Results: Results show that while the party perfectly adapts to TikTok’s specific language and technical affordances (special effects, etc.), instead of focusing on entertainment, the platform’s main genre, it uses TikTok as a showcase for political activities, failing in favoring a renovating relationship with users. However, politics is represented through the “game frame”, that is to say, dramatized as a battlefield between Good and Evil, which strengthens the populist dichotomous vision of the world, endorsing emotional response. Conclusion: In this sense, it is possible to conclude that, although Podemos mainly displays political content, this content falls into the category of politainment. Considering that present trends in usage rates suggest that the short-video format is the future of social media, we might expect an increase in politainmement content.

Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto "Parámetros y estrategias para incrementar la relevancia de los medios y la comunicación digital en la sociedad: curación, visualización y visibilidad (Cuvicom)". PID2021-123579OB-I00, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Micinn), España. In a context marked by the emergence of new platforms and interfaces, digital native media face the challenge of organizing and presenting their content in an effective and eloquent way. This milestone requires ongoing work toward the identification and conceptualization of the dimensions that map the structural and formal requirements necessary for fluid communication with audiences and adequate visibility in the digital ecosystem. This study, which adopts a quantitative-qualitative methodological design, proposes, describes, and applies a taxonomy for the analysis of digital media web interfaces. Based on a review of the literature, two rounds of expert judgment, and a pilot test, the research identifies 14 thematic dimensions, 36 indicators, and 69 variables. The study focuses on the importance of renewing research about taxonomy related to structural dimensions that address narrative, quality, usability, information search, and content redissemination and socialization, among other aspects. The study of web interfaces applied to journalism demands long-term research work with a holistic approach that, at a conceptual and practical level, can offer proposals for analysis and diagnosis on the basis of an integrated method. En un contexto marcado por la eclosión de nuevas plataformas e interfaces, los medios nativos digitales afrontan el de-safío de organizar y presentar sus contenidos de forma eficaz y elocuente. Este hito requiere un trabajo recurrente en la identificación y conceptualización de las dimensiones que cartografían los requisitos estructurales y formales necesarios para una fluida comunicación con sus audiencias y una adecuada visibilidad en el ecosistema digital. Este estudio, de di-seño metodológico cuantitativo-cualitativo, propone, describe y aplica una taxonomía para el análisis de interfaces web de medios digitales. A partir de la revisión de bibliografía, de dos rondas de juicios de expertos y una prueba piloto, el trabajo identifica 14 dimensiones temáticas, 36 indicadores y 69 variables. El estudio incide, entre otros aspectos, en la pertinencia de recuperar las investigaciones sobre la taxonomía alrededor de dimensiones estructurales que abordan la narrativa, la calidad, la usabilidad, la búsqueda de información y la redifusión de contenidos y socialización. El estudio de las interfaces web aplicadas al periodismo demandan de un trabajo perenne de investigación desde un enfoque holístico que, a nivel conceptual y práctico, ofrezca propuestas de análisis y diagnóstico desde una visión integrada.

Resumen El estudio de las redes sociales ha generado importantes datos y reflexiones sobre la concepción y el tipo de utilización que los jóvenes hacen de las plataformas digitales online. Sin embargo, se plantea la necesidad de trabajos que analicen el público joven desde una mayor segmentación y especificación de perfiles. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en Brasil, Colombia y España, con una muestra integrada exclusivamente por estudiantes universitarios de Comunicación. El trabajo analiza cómo estos alumnos (y futuros comunicadores) valoran y utilizan las redes sociales y qué importancia les confieren en su formación y en su futuro profesional. A través de una metodología de trabajo híbrida basada en una encuesta matriz con preguntas cuantitativas y abiertas, el estudio concluye que los estudiantes de Comunicación valoran de forma muy positiva las redes sociales y las conciben como un fenómeno consolidado, con una larga proyección en el tiempo y una gran utilidad para informarse o contactar con profesionales. No obstante, se observa por parte del alumnado una preocupante pérdida de reconocimiento y de credibilidad hacia el trabajo de los periodistas en las redes y, de forma más aguda, hacia los políticos y fuentes gubernamentales. Abstract Research on social media has generated important data and reflections on the conception and the type of use young users make of the digital online platforms. However, studies that analyze young people from a greater profile segmentation and specification are required. This article presents the results of a research carried out in Brazil, Colombia and Spain, with a sample composed exclusively of university students from the field of communication. The study focuses on analyzing how students (and future communicators) value and use social media and how important these tools are for their training and professional future. A hybrid methodology based on a matrix survey with quantitative and open questions was used. It may be concluded that communication students value social media positively and conceive them as a consolidated and long-lasting phenomenon, as well as a useful mean to obtain information or contact professionals. Nonetheless, it was observed that the students are concerned about the loss of recognition and credibility of journalists in social media and, more specifically, of politicians and government sources.

The pressure of immediacy, the dictatorship of the click, and the growing avalanche of fake news have impacted journalism. Citizens are particularly skeptical about the information they receive fro...

This article presents original results of an investigation carried out in three countries (Colombia, Ecuador and Spain) with 300 Communication students who reflected on the importance, motivations ...

A total of 324 journalists have been killed in the world in the last decade. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the situation is alarming. Based on these statistics, this work presents an investigation with journalists from 10 countries. Based on in-depth interviews and the Delphi method, the study explores professionals’ perspectives about violence against journalists, pointing out the challenges for women, the role of independent media together with journalists’ networks and an increasing concern about governmental control over information.

PurposeThis study evaluates the correlations between the universities' type of property (public, private associative and private corporate), institutional seniority (45 years) and the presence and position in national and international university rankings.Design/methodology/approachIt considers 90 Peruvian universities certified by SUNEDU (public agency for the accreditation of universities in Peru). According to their presence in 20 university rankings (yes/no) and the position (tertiles) in two world rankings: Webometrics and SIR Iberoamericano, four universities participated in 10 or more rankings and only 16 (18%) in six or more.FindingsThe private corporate universities were the least old (p p > 0.05), except in one where there was less participation of public institutions. Long-lived universities had higher participation and better positioning in rankings than those with less seniority (p Originality/valueThis research highlights the lack of equity in several international rankings for the evaluation of the quality of universities, in the respect that most of them give priority to aspects related to institutional seniority and size. At the same time, the results of younger and smaller institutions are not put into perspective.

This article presents the results of a descriptive study that analyzes 17 curricula in Communication and Journalism of the 8 best ranked universities in Europe in the field of Communication, accord...

This research analyzes the perception of students about the meme as a discursive and strategic tool in the digital political scene. The research carried out a comparative study between 178 students of Communication and Journalism careers from two public universities such as: Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain) and Technical University of Machala (Ecuador). The survey was applied as the main research technique. The article allows us to conclude that the appropriation of meanings of a political humor meme demands a specific decoding of the format and the need to know the necessary references to understand them, trying to avoid a superficial knowledge of the political fact since there is the possibility that the student little informed does not manage to distinguish the important from the banal. What is sought with this type of meme is the democratization of social debate in the face of public affairs, without falling into a desensitization effect. At the end of the study, the meme is considered to symbolize the golden age of citizen participation. Furthermore, it represents the hope of a more participatory citizenship. The challenge is to consolidate a more politically active society that goes beyond the conjunctural humor of the meme. Esta investigación analiza la percepción del alumnado sobre el meme como una herramienta discursiva y estratégica en el escenario político digital. Para ello se realiza un estudio comparativo entre 178 estudiantes de las carreras de Comunicación y Periodismo de dos universidades públicas como son: Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (España) y Universidad Técnica de Machala (Ecuador). A nivel metodológico, se aplicó la encuesta como principal técnica de investigación. El artículo permite concluir que la apropiación de significados de un meme de humor político demanda una decodificación específica del formato y la necesidad de conocer los referentes necesarios para comprenderlos, tratando de evitar un conocimiento superficial del hecho político puesto que existe la posibilidad que el estudiante poco informado no alcance a distinguir lo importante de lo banal. Lo que se busca con este tipo de meme es la democratización del debate social frente a los asuntos públicos, sin caer en un efecto de desensibilización. Al término del estudio, se considera que el meme auspicia la generación de contenido, la participación ciudadana, la libertad de expresión y fomenta así una ciudadanía más participativa, una sociedad políticamente más activa.

Technological transformations and, especially, the accelerated process of digitalization have changed the profiles and production routines of the media. At the same time, universities have had to adapt their journalism curricula to new training needs. This paper analyzes the evolution of the technical-digital training of the journalism degree in Spain over the last two decades through a comparative study of three stages: before, during, and after the adaptation to the EHEA (2000-2010-2020). The research brings together, as valuable reference material, the curricular offerings of 112 programs and 242 subjects that show the educational evolution of the digital environment over the last 20 years , with a longitudinal and epistemological approach. The trends identified by this diagnostic work confirm, among other aspects, how the design of journalism curricula has evolved at a slow and asynchronous pace in digital training until the last decade and with disparate speeds between universities. Added to this is the conformation of a highly varied epistemological heritage that, beyond the specific names of the subjects, denotes a progressive commitment to digital and multimedia teaching, combining generic hybrid knowledge with more specialized training in terms of languages and formats. Resumen Las transformaciones tecnológicas y, especialmente, el acelerado proceso de digitalización, han cambiado los perfiles y las rutinas productivas de los medios de comunicación. Paralelamente, las universidades han tenido que adaptar sus planes de estudio de Periodismo a las nuevas necesidades formativas. Este trabajo analiza la evolución de la formación técnico-digital de la titulación de Periodismo en España en las dos últimas décadas a través de un estudio comparativo de tres etapas: último plan de Licenciatura, primero del Grado, y actualización digital (2000-2010-2020). La investigación reúne, como material inédito de consulta, la oferta curricular de 112 programas y 242 asignaturas que muestra la evolución formativa del entorno digital en los últimos 20 años, con un enfoque longitudinal y epistemológico. Se trata de un trabajo de diagnóstico en cuanto a tendencias y que, entre otros aspectos, confirma cómo el diseño curricular de los planes de estudio de Periodismo ha evolucionado a un ritmo lento y asincrónico en la formación digital hasta la última década y con velocidades dispares entre universidades. A ello se une la conformación de un acervo epistemológico muy variado en que, más allá de las denominaciones concretas de las asignaturas, denota una apuesta progresiva por la enseñanza digital y multimedia, combinando conocimientos híbridos genéricos con una formación más especializada en lenguajes y formatos.

In this chapter, Santiago Giraldo-Luque, Ricardo Carniel Bugs, and Santiago Tejedor suggest that the episode “Nosedive” raises three issues of interest for the fields of sociology and communication. Firstly, the episode represents the fictionalized and caricatured world of a reality that is real and current, but, in accordance with an “enframed” view of the world, goes mostly unrecognized by the users/viewers of the platform. Secondly, it describes the construction and self-reproduction of systemic power, which is fully sophisticated and functional, and is fed by the users/viewers themselves through the use of their devices and the emotional control exerted by the dynamics of social validation. Finally, the episode encourages viewers to reflect on the use of social networks not as spaces for conversation, meetings, or communication, but as stages for a passive, one-way exchange of automatic “likes” for emotional self-complacency. The episode, in the authors' view, prompts an urgent call for interdisciplinary action, specifically to raise awareness towards the fading prominence of communication, the power of screen-based platforms, and the need for a collaborative approach to media literacy and education.

This work was supported by the Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain and the European Union-NextGeneration EU. The growth and impact of video games in education at an international level is a reality. Research shows that gamers can increase their knowledge, skills, and behavioural flexibility. However, there has been no in-depth research into the relationship between current video games and the key competences for lifelong learning set out by the European Commission. This research focuses on learning acquisition through playing the popular game "Animal Crossing: New Horizons". The Communicative Methodology has been used in this research through, on the one hand, use of the Social Impact in Social Media (SISM) method involving the analysis of 1000 comments posted on the social network Twitter and, on the other hand, through communicative inter, sanviews with five gamers and a family member of a user. The results show that the Animal Crossing video game promotes learning achievements regarding literacy, multilingualism, mathematical skills, digital competence, social skills, citizenship, entrepreneurship, and cultural awareness.

El trabajo analiza las posibilidades del viaje como recurso y método educativo innovador a partir del estudio de caso de la Expedición Tahina-Can, un proyecto de periodismo de viajes impulsado por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) desde el año 2004 y que ha permitido a cerca de 700 estudiantes participar en una expedición académica que aglutina talleres de producción de contenidos en el ámbito de la redacción digital, la televisión, la fotografía y la radio. La iniciativa ha obtenido el primer premio por la Fundación Telefónica en la categoría de "Aprendizaje en la Red". El estudio propone la conceptualización del viaje como práctica constructivista que asume los retos del perfil del estudiante del siglo XXI. A través de la metodología del estudio de caso, describe las particularidades del proyecto de viajes al tiempo que analiza los resultados y el impacto del mismo a partir de grupos focales desarrollados con la participación de los expedicionarios que han hecho parte de los viajes de la Expedición. El estudio concluye, entre otros aspectos, que el viaje es considerado como una práctica de aprendizaje activo y que constituye un estímulo para los estudiantes. La experiencia potencia el compromiso y a la entrega de los participantes con su propio aprendizaje y permite el desarrollo avanzado de diferentes roles y competencias periodísticas profesionales. The work analyses the possibilities of travel as a resource and innovative educational method based on the case study of the Tahina-Can Expedition, a travel journalism project promoted by the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB). Since 2004, it has allowed about 700 students to participate in an academic expedition that brings together content production workshops in the field of digital writing, television, photography and radio. The initiative has obtained the first prize by the Telefónica Foundation in the category of "Learning on the Net". The study proposes the conceptualization of the trip as a constructivist practice that assumes the challenges of the 21st century student profile. Through the methodology of the case study, the article describes the particularities of the travel project, as well as it analyses its results and its impact. This is done through the technique of focus groups, which are developed with the participation of the expedition members who have taken part in the trips of Tahina-Can. The study concludes, among other aspects, that the trip is considered as an active learning practice and that constitutes a stimulus for the students. The experience enhances the commitment of the participants with their own learning process and it allows the advanced development of different professional journalistic roles and competences.

La investigación presenta un estudio comparativo de las portadas de ocho países sobre la cobertura informativa de la pandemia en dos diarios impresos de Italia, Reino Unido, España, Francia, Portugal, Estados Unidos, Rusia y Alemania. Se analiza el número de noticias sobre la pandemia, el tipo de texto, la tipología de fuentes informativas, los personajes, el uso del color, la inclusión y enfoque de las fotografías o la ubicación en la página, entre otros parámetros. A partir de revisión de 288 portadas de 16 diarios del mundo (2 por país), recogiendo 1 478 piezas informativas de 710 noticias y 94 592 evidencias de datos, este trabajo emplea un enfoque descriptivo de análisis hemerográfico. El estudio concluye, entre otros aspectos, que la presencia de afectados y de personal sanitario en las informaciones de portada es nimia; identifica un predominio de los géneros periodísticos informativos (breves y noticiosos, especialmente) y detecta el rol protagónico de las figuras políticas y el alto grado de politización de la crisis. Finalmente, se observa que los encuadres visuales en los diarios analizados tienden a fomentar la humanización a través de la representación emocional. This research presents a comparative study of the front pages of eight countries regarding the news coverage of the pandemic in two printed newspapers in Italy, the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Portugal, the United States, Russia and Germany. The study analyzes the number of news items on the pandemic, the type of text, the typology of information sources, the characters, the use of color, the inclusion and focus of photographs and their location on the page, among other parameters. It studies 288 front pages of 16 newspapers worldwide (2 per country), collecting 1 478 pieces of information from 710 news items and 94 592 pieces of data evidence. The work employs a mixed method of direct observation and hemerographic analysis. Its conclusions include that the presence of affected people and health personnel in the front page information is negligible; it identifies a predominance of informative journalistic genres (brief and news, especially) and detects the leading role of political figures and the high degree of politicization of the crisis. Lastly, it is observed that the visual framing in the analyzed newspapers tends to promote humanization through emotional representation.

espanolEste trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer, desde el punto de vista de los directivos de las empresas pequenas y medianas con amplia utilizacion de las tecnologias digitales, si el alejamiento fisico de las personas como consecuencia del teletrabajo (en rapido crecimiento por efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19) dificulta las relaciones interpersonales y el conocimiento de los objetivos y valores estrategicos de la empresa, y si ese mismo equipo directivo conoce y en que grado utiliza la gamificacion como posible herramienta para mejorar la comunicacion interna con el fin de paliar o solucionar dicha situacion. Para este estudio exploratorio se ha adoptado una perspectiva metodologica cualitativa, basada en una revision de la bibliografia sobre el papel de la gamificacion en la comunicacion interna de las empresas y utilizando entrevistas en profundidad, semiestructuradas con preguntas abiertas ycerradas a los directivos de un grupo de pequenas y medianas empresas que estan en el ambito de este analisis. EnglishThe aim of this paper is to find out, from the point of view of managers of small and medium-sized enterprises that make extensive use of digital technologies, whether the physical remoteness of people as a result of teleworking (which is growing rapidly due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic) hinders interpersonal relations and knowledge of the company’s strategic objectives and values, and whether this same management team is aware of and to what extent it uses gamification as a possible tool for improving internal communication to alleviate or solve this situation. For this exploratory study, a qualitative methodological perspective was adopted, based on a review of the literature on the role of gamification in the internal communication of companies and using in-depth, semistructured interviews with open and closed questions to the managers of a group of small and medium-sized companies within the scope of the study.

espanolLos roles profesionales, la tipologia de contenidos y las rutinas de produccion de los medios de comunicacion se han visto transformadas en el ciberespacio. La emergencia de medios nativos digitales con una idiosincrasia alternativa, mas alla de los cibermedios generalistas ya consolidados, ha planteado ademas una serie de retos que afectan especialmente a la rentabilidad de estos proyectos periodisticos. Partiendo de ello, la investigacion analiza diferentes modelos de ingresos de ocho cibermedios espanoles alternativos a partir de un analisis comparativo de estudios de caso, entrevistas a sus fundadores y un grupo focal con usuarios. De este modo, la investigacion concluye, entre otros aspectos, que en los cibermedios alternativos predomina una apuesta por modelos de ingresos centrados en la horizontalidad, la participacion y el compromiso de los usuarios mediante contenidos que explotan la hipertematizacion mediante la diversidad y la especializacion. El estudio advierte de la necesidad de diversificar las fuentes de financiacion e identifica las suscripciones y el crowdfunding como las principales alternativas. EnglishProfessional roles, the type of content and the routines of production of the media have been transformed into cyberspace. The emergence of alternative digital native media, beyond the con-solidated cybermedia created by and for the Network, has also raised a series of challenges that es-pecially affect the profitability of these journalistic projects. Based on this, the research analyzes dif-ferent income models of Spanish cybermedia based on a comparative analysis of eight case studies, interviews with its founders and a focus group with users. In this way, the research concludes, among other aspects, that a commitment to income models centred on horizontality, participation and user engagement is predominant through content that exploits the hypertematization through diversity and specialization. The study warns of the need to diversify funding sources and identifies subscriptions and crowdfunding as the main alternatives.

El populismo ha experimentado un crecimiento preocupante en la última década en diferentes enclaves del planeta. Este proceso, de cariz globalizador, se ha visto potenciado por las características de inmendiatez, interacción y participación de las redes sociales, los cibermedios y otras plataformas digitales. En este contexto, la percepción que la juventud confiere a este tipo de fenómenos constituye un campo de estudio de gran interés para las Ciencias Sociales. Partiendo de ello, esta investigación examina las correlaciones entre las actitudes populistas, la percepción de la opinión pública y las opiniones sobre los medios de comunicación en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Comunicación de Colombia y España. Metodología: A partir de un enfoque exploratorio-correlacional y un diseño cuantitativo sobre una adaptación del instrumento de Schultz, Wirth y Müller (2020), la presente investigación ha analizado las reflexiones y las prioridades de un grupo de n=499 estudiantes de grados y postgrados afines a Ciencias de la Comunicación de Colombia y España. Conclusiones: El estudio ha corroborado el papel protagónico que desempeñan las redes sociales en la formación de opiniones radicales, al tiempo que detecta una caída del influjo de la televisión entre el público joven. Además, el trabajo establece que el índice de percepción de la opinión pública resulta mayor en España, mientras que el de percepción mediática o el de actitudes anti-elitistas son superiores en Colombia. Se concluye que la media literacy es una estrategia crucial frente al crecimiento y expansión del populismo. Populism has experienced a worrying growth in the last decade in different locations around the world. This globalizing process has been enhanced by the immediacy, interaction and participation of social networks, cybermedia and other digital platforms. In this context, the perception that young people give to this type of phenomena constitutes a field of study of great interest for the Social Sciences. This research examines the correlations between populist attitudes, perception of public opinion and opinions about the media in students of Communication Sciences in Colombia and Spain. Methods: Based on an exploratory-correlational approach and a quantitative design, this research has analyzed the reflections and priorities of a group of n=499 undergraduate and graduate students related to Communication Sciences in Colombia and Spain. Results: The study has confirmed the leading role played by social networks in the formation of radical opinions, while detecting a decline in the influence of television among young audiences. In addition, the study establishes that the index of public opinion perception is higher in Spain, while the index of media perception or anti-elitist attitudes is higher in Colombia, and there is no clear link between populist attitudes and a political ideology of extremes. Conclusions: The correlations examined note a tendency towards disaffection and discredit towards politics in general, especially by the young population, which affects actors and institutions. It alludes to the preference of this population group for interacting and informing themselves on digital platforms and presents populist attitudes, without clear ideological identification, but with a clear tendency towards simplification of messages, thus emphasizing the need to educate the critical view of citizens and to work on media literacy as a crucial strategy against the growth and expansion of populism.

espanolIntroduccion. La investigacion analiza el uso de los recursos de la web 2.0 y el tratamiento informativo de 6 revistas sobre divulgacion cientifica y pseudociencia. Metodologia. Se estudia y describe el ecosistema digital de las revistas y posteriormente, se elabora un analisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo de 232 unidades de analisis. Se trata de una muestra probabilistica seleccionada de forma aleatoria a partir de un universo de 1.434 publicaciones procedentes de la web, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube e Instagram. Resultados y Conclusiones. Los resultados demuestran que el aprovechamiento de los recursos 2.0 es basico y que las particularidades comunicativas de las redes sociales apenas se explotan. Ademas, aunque se usan numerosas imagenes, las noticias no se acompanan de videos, infografias u otro tipo de recursos interactivos. El tratamiento informativo presenta aspectos a mejorar, como la autoria de las noticias o la fuente de procedencia de las imagenes que las acompanan. EnglishIntroduction. The research analyzes 6 scientific and pseudoscientific magazines in terms of web 2.0 tool usage and informational treatment. Methodology. The digital ecosystem of the journals is explored and described, and subsequently a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of 232 units is elaborated. This sample is probabilistic and selected randomly from a universe of 1,434 publications of the journal web, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram accounts. Results and conclusions. The results show that use of 2.0 resources is basic and features of social networks are hardly exploited. In addition, although many images are used, news are not accompanied by videos, info-graphics or other types of interactive resources. The information treatment presents a need of improvement, more news should be accompanied by their authorship and the source of images more often captioned.

Since the advent of the Internet, websites have become the nerve center of the digital ecosystems of media, companies and all kinds of institutions. Currently, the impact of the global coronavirus pandemic has placed healthcare issues at the center of social debate, including hospitals and their websites as digital sources of trustworthy information. COVID-19 has intensified the need for quality information and the legitimacy of sources fighting the infodemic situation. In this regard hospitals become essential social actors in the spread of healthcare information. Within this framework, a qualitative study is presented with descriptive components and based on content analysis. This study examines 58 websites from the best hospitals included in the &ldquo, Am&eacute, rica Econom&iacute, a&rdquo, ranking health sector from Latin America. The study applies an analysis methodology based on previous research focusing on specialized web studies, defining an analysis model on six variables and 65 thematic indicators. The research concludes that hospitals occupying first positions in the medical services directory are not necessarily those that have the best websites. Similarly, it is worth noting that a quarter of the studied sample do not devote a specific space to reporting coronavirus information. Brazil, Colombia and Chile are the countries with the highest number of hospitals among those with the best websites. In conclusion, digital media, specifically websites, could constitute legitime resources of healthcare information consumption, so their accuracy and proper development seem to be significant to become genuine sources that not only could provide better healthcare services but help avoid the spread of misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumen El presente artículo tiene por objeto el estudio del cuento en el ciberespacio dentro del cambio radical que suponen la comunicación virtual, la robótica y la inteligencia artificial. A partir de un enfoque metodológico de cariz teórico y mediante una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica interdisciplinar, el trabajo reflexiona sobre las particularidades del nuevo escenario comunicativo digital y su impacto en la ideación y generación de nuevos tipos de relatos. Partimos de la hipótesis de que no existe un diálogo adecuado entre programadores informáticos, neurocientíficos y especialistas en narrativa que actúan como campos estancos y autorreferenciales que producen saberes interesantes pero paralelos. El estudio destaca que la narrativa programada utiliza solo técnicas unidireccionales de acción-respuesta propias de la psicología conductista y de una narratología exclusivamente modélica que repite sin innovar. A modo de conclusión, el trabajo incide en la necesidad de articular un marco teórico nuevo que contraste los avances y los inconvenientes de la bibliografía antropotecnológica. Por ello, la propuesta planteada propone cambiar el paradigma y aplicar las reglas derivadas de los continuadores de la escuela formalista y de los analistas de las estructuras del cuento tradicional. El artículo, como aporte original, enfatiza la necesidad de generar escenarios vibrantes mediante una apuesta creativa que introduzca en el cuento participativo en red la utilización de nuevas nociones como enjambre, inteligencia colectiva o psicología robótica para producir escenarios vibrantes. Este conjunto variado de elementos posibilita la creación de historias que potencien progresivamente la participación de los usuarios y recuperen su el rol activo. Abstract This article aims to study storytelling in cyberspace within the radical shift that virtual communication, robotics and artificial intelligence imply. Based on a theoretical methodological approach, and through a comprehensive interdisciplinary literature review, the paper reflects on the particularities of the new digital communication setting and its impact on the ideas and creation of new types of stories. We start from the hypothesis that there is no appropriate dialog among computer programmers, neuroscientists and narrative specialists who act as hermetic and self-referential fields that produce interesting but parallel knowledge. The study highlights that programmed narrative only uses one-way action-response techniques from behavioral psychology and an exclusively exemplary narratology that repeats without innovating. As a conclusion, the article emphasizes the need to construct a new theoretical framework that matches the advances and drawbacks of the anthropotechnological literature. For this, we propose to change the paradigm and apply the rules derived from the continuators of formalism and the analysts of traditional storytelling structures. The article, as an original contribution, stresses the need to create vibrant settings through a creative initiative that introduces the use of new notions such as crowdsourcing, collective intelligence or robotic psychology into participatory storytelling online. This varied set of elements enables the creation of stories that progressively enhance the involvement of users and recover their active role. Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo estudar o conto no ciberespaço dentro da mudança radical que a comunicação virtual, a robótica e a inteligência artificial implicam. Com base em uma abordagem teórico-metodológica e através de uma exaustiva revisão bibliográfica interdisciplinar, o trabalho reflete sobre as particularidades do novo cenário da comunicação digital e seu impacto no desenho e geração de novos tipos de relatos. Partimos da hipótese de que não há diálogo adequado entre programadores de computador, neurocientistas e especialistas em narrativa que atuem como campos estanques e autorreferenciais que produzem conhecimento relevante, mas paralelo. O estudo destaca que a narrativa programada utiliza apenas técnicas unidirecionais de ação-resposta da psicologia comportamental e uma narratologia exclusivamente exemplar que se repete sem inovar. A título de conclusão, o trabalho enfatiza a necessidade de articular um novo marco teórico que contraponha os avanços e inconvenientes da bibliografia antropotecnológica. Por esta razão, a proposta propõe mudar o paradigma e aplicar as regras derivadas dos continuadores da escola formalista e dos analistas das estruturas do conto tradicional. O artigo, como uma contribuição original, enfatiza a necessidade de criar cenários vibrantes através de uma aposta criativa que introduza no conto participativo em rede a utilização de novos conceitos, como enxame, inteligência coletiva ou psicologia robótica para produzir cenários vibrantes. Esse conjunto variado de elementos permite a criação de histórias que aumentam progressivamente a participação dos usuários e recuperam seu papel ativo.

Artículo en colaboración con: Sally Samy Tayie, Santiago Tejedor, Cristina Pulido En: Doxa Comunicación: revista interdisciplinar de estudios de comunicación y ciencias sociales. e-ISSN 2386-3978 n. XXVI, 2018, pp 211-235 Existe en la actualidad un importante debate social sobre la prolifera-ción de noticias falseadas (fake news) en los medios de comunicación y en las redes sociales, especialmente, por el deterioro que estas supo-nen para los sistemas democráticos, en general, y para el periodismo, en particular. Por esta razón, los estudios sobre periodismo y comu-nicación afrontan con urgencia el reto de re-conceptualizar un fenó-meno que ha existido siempre, pero que cobra nueva vida en el actual entorno mediático. En este contexto, emerge la teoría y práctica de lo que ha venido a llamarse alfabetización periodística (news literacy). Realizamos aquí un breve examen del estado de la cuestión, desde un punto de vista conceptual. Repasamos las teorías, recientes y clá-sicas, referidas a las noticias falseadas, a partir de una revisión de la principal bibliografía sobre el tema. Como conclusión, proponemos una base conceptual que puede establecer un puente entre las citadas teorías y la práctica de la alfabetización periodística en el marco más amplio de las políticas de alfabetización mediática There is currently an essential social debate concerning the proliferation of fake news in the media and on social networks, primarily due to the deterioration that it poses to democratic systems in general and journal-ism. For this reason, studies on journalism and communication face the challenge of urgently re-conceptualizing a phenomenon that has always existed but has recently resurged in the current media environment. In this context, theory and practice have emerged from the recent sub-field known as news literacy. We briefly examine state of the art from a conceptual point of view. We review the recent and classic theories regarding fake news based on a re-view of the main bibliography on the subject. In conclusion, we propose a conceptual basis that can bridge the cited theories and the practice of news literacy in the broader framework of media literacy policies.

El impacto de Twitter se percibe de forma contundente en diferentes ámbitos del desempeño profesional y cotidiano. Combinando métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos se analiza cómo los jóvenes universitarios crean contenidos en Twitter desde el entorno académico, y cómo perciben esta actividad. Para ello se conformó una muestra intencional de tres grupos de estudiantes, se recolectó una muestra de 10 291 tuits publicados y se desarrolló un grupo focal por cada grupo universitario. Entre otros aspectos, el trabajo evidencia que los estudiantes priorizan las exigencias y directrices académicas y señalan que la utilización que hacen de la plataforma varía en función de si se trata, o no, de un encargo académico. The impact of Twitter can be strongly felt across a number of areas of professional and day-to-day life. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, this article analyzes how young college students create content on Twitter in an academic setting, and how they perceive this content creation. To this end, a purposive sample of three groups of students was formed, a sample of 10,291 published tweets was collected, and a focus group was set up for each group of students. Among other findings, this study shows that students prioritize academic instructions and requirements and report that the way they use the platform depends on whether it is for an academic assignment or not.

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed training processes. The transition from face-to-face to virtuality has affected the entire educational process favoring one of the open innovation key features in the higher education institutions: the ability to manage knowledge flow. Open innovation in this crisis situation will encourage universities to deal with difficulties and embrace opportunities to enhance knowledge production. In this regard, the main objective of this work is to analyze how universities have managed knowledge flow during lockdown situation. The research presents a comparative study between three countries highly impacted by the coronavirus (Spain, Italy and Ecuador) based on perceptions from teachers and students on a convenience sample of 573 individuals. The study, of a descriptive and exploratory nature, applied surveys between March and April 2020 to students and teachers of Journalism, Communication. The survey had 2956 responses, collecting 65,032 pieces of evidence from students and 6468 from teachers. Teachers and students show their preference for being present, but they recognize the justification for the change of scenery and identify positive elements in virtuality. According to the findings obtained, the absence of presence has not generated an increase in the meetings between teachers and students. In addition, the tutorials have been shorter and sporadic. Added to this is a scant commitment to the variety of resources and options offered by the Internet. The predominance of textual material collides with the demand from students for a mixture of training resources, a greater role for the podcast and, especially, a typology of assessment tests that pass the traditional exams.

El uso de aplicaciones de inteligencia artificial en las diferentes fases de elaboración de noticias ya es una práctica habitual en los medios de comunicación de más prestigio internacional, pero el análisis de su uso en la práctica profesional es un campo incipiente en la investigación desde el ámbito de periodismo. La investigación pionera "Aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en la elaboración de noticias" desarrollada por La Cátedra RTVE UAB -Innovación para la innovación de los informativos en la Sociedad Digital ahonda en su análisis. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar las fortalezas y debilidades del uso de la inteligencia artificial en el sistema de alertas y la generación automática de textos. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa y parte de cuatro estudios de caso realizados en cuatro cibermedios (el grupo RTVE, Agencia EFE, diario deportivo Sport y El confidencial). Los resultados indican como el uso de la inteligencia artificial tanto en el sistema de alertas como en la generación automáticos de textos facilita el trabajo del periodista de una forma más eficiente, pero también se detecta la necesidad de asegurar que este uso sea supervisado por periodistas. The use of artificial intelligence applications in the different phases of news production is already common practice in the most prestigious international media, but the analysis of its use in professional practice is an incipient field of research in the field of journalism. The pioneering research "Application of artificial intelligence in the production of news" developed by the RTVE UAB Chair - Innovation for the innovation of news in the Digital Society delves into its analysis. The aim of this article is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the use of artificial intelligence in the alert system and the automatic generation of texts. The methodology used is qualitative and is based on four case studies carried out in four cybermedia (the RTVE group, Agencia EFE, the sports daily Sport and El confidencial). The results indicate how the use of artificial intelligence in both the alert system and the automatic generation of texts facilitates the journalist's work in a more efficient way, but it also detects the need to ensure that this use is supervised by journalists.

News media play a crucial role in the production and reproduction of stereotypes, influencing public opinions regarding different groups and minorities. Thus, acquiring a deeper understanding of media coverage of Muslims and Islam is decisive for understanding the sources of public attitudes towards Muslims. This study aims at displaying how Muslims and Islam are represented in Italian and Spanish media. Focusing on the online version of the two most influential newspapers in each country (El Mundo and El País for Spain and Il Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica for Italy) from 2015 to 2020, the results show how Muslims in both countries are mostly framed either related to terrorism or within the general discourse on immigration. In both cases, they are portrayed as “others”. The article also presents a novelty, defining and observing two different types of Islamophobia, Banal and Ontological Islamophobia.

Twitter se ha convertido en una fuente de datos y de noticias. Pero, ¿de qué hablan los periodistas españoles en Twitter? La investigación descriptiva y analítica, con enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, estudia desde una perspectiva longitudinal una sucesión diacrónica de mensajes vía Twitter. El corpus de estudio estuvo conformado por dos muestras invitadas y no probabilísticas: 3500 tuits emitidos por 20 periodistas titulares de cuentas de Twitter en siete días a lo largo de siete semanas, entre enero de 2017 y marzo de 2018, y por 35 portadas de periódicos publicadas en las mismas fechas. La investigación analiza los tuits clasificados en cinco categorías temáticas: política, cultura, ciencia, comunicación e Internet. El estudio ha creado un sistema de clasificación de unidades de registro conformado por 35 categorías temáticas y 1226 subcategorías. Se concluye, entre otros aspectos, que los periodistas ofrecen mediante Twitter un alcance temático mucho más extenso que los medios de comunicación de masas. Hispanoamérica se presenta como un escenario de debate político frente a Europa; mientras que las crisis, especialmente las internacionales, condicionan las agendas temáticas de los medios. Se detecta la inexistencia de una estrategia de información cultural y un rol protagónico de la autopromoción. Twitter has become a source of data and news. But what do Spanish journalists talk about on Twitter? The research is characterized by its descriptive and analytical aim, and its quantitative and qualitative approach. The work presents a retrospective longitudinal investigation that studied a diachronic succession of messages via Twitter produced over a certain period. The study, with a sampling work of one and a half years, designed a categorization system of registration units that were subsequently quantified. The study corpus consisted of 3,500 tweets issued by 20 journalists who were Twitter account holders in seven days over seven weeks, between January 2017 and March 2018, and by 35 newspaper covers that were published in that same period. The sources of the data obtained from the monitoring of the two groups of journalists were structured into two invited and non-probability samples. Based on this, the research analyzes the tweets of Spanish journalists classified into five thematic categories: politics, culture, science, communication, and the Internet. The study has created a unit classification system made up of 35 thematic categories and 1,226 subcategories. The research concludes, among other aspects, that through Twitter journalists offer a thematic scope much more extensive than the mass media. Hispano-America is presented as a stage for political debate against Europe; while crises, especially international ones, condition the media thematic agendas. The non-existence of a cultural information strategy and a leading role of self-promotion are detected

The unprecedented lockdown recently occurred due the COVID-19 pandemic has irrupted globally exposing entire population and affecting all areas in our living: politics, economy, entertainment, work, markets, education. According to OECD data young people felt lonelier and sadder during this period increasing their exposure to technology and the consumption of digital media. In this regard the aim of the research presented is study and describe the usage of digital media among university students during the COVID-19 lockdown. A comparative study between Spain, Italy and Ecuador focuses on the usage of smartphones and content consumption during March-May 2020. Data gathering was made with the design of a questionnaire applied to a sample of 3oo undergraduate students of Journalism, Communication and Education from three public universities. Quantitative methodology was used for this descriptive-comparative study among three different countries. Results obtained show high access to technological equipment in general, with specific increase in smartphones and laptops usage being the two devices that have experienced a greater increase in use. Regarding the consumption of information, informative contents on the COVID-19, news data about the virus, as well as the statistics of progress of the contagions occupy first place. It is worth mentioning that, in the opinion of the young people surveyed, they have been able to recognize fake news and have avoided its spread, thus understanding the notion of Infodemic, established by the World Health Organization. Conclusions allow us saying that online news channels and media were the most consumed, as were social networks, which grew among youngest as channels of communication, and verified consumption of news on official channels and government spokespersons.

The Internet has transformed work dynamics and introduced new tasks, roles and types of content in the journalist’s work. These transformations invite us to reflect on the skills and abilities that these communicators must acquire in order to be able to function with solvency in the work scenario. In this sense, communication faculties play a decisive role in achieving this task. Based on this, a comparative study is presented between four universities (Spain: Complutense of Madrid and Autonoma of Barcelona; and Colombia: Sabana and Rosario, Ecuador: San Francisco University and Eqinoccia University) to find out what presence data journalism has in their respective curricula. In this way, the work analyzes the objectives, the type of subjects, the syllabus and the evaluation system, among other aspects, of the set of subjects of the curricular offer with the objective of identifying which themes and from which approach they work in each center.

Smartphones have become a key social tool: They have changed the way people consume, receive and produce information, providing potentially anyone with the opportunity to create and share content through a variety of platforms. The use of smartphones for gathering, producing, editing and disseminating news gave birth to a new journalistic practice, mobile journalism. Incorporating mobile journalism is, thus, the current challenge for journalism educators. Our article aims at discovering whether new models of education, such as massive online courses, can help mobile journalism training. The research focuses on the first pilot project of a massive open online courses (MOOC) on mobile journalism, the Y-NEX MOOC. By assessing structure, functioning and participants&rsquo, opinion, the objective is to discover if MOOCs prove to be useful tools in mobile journalism training. Results show that this model of distance open learning can be helpful for mobile journalism training, providing some recommendations for improvement.

This research work proposes the use of the audiovisual format, specifically booktrailer, to promote reading in university students, taking as a case study the Social Communication Grade of the Technical University of Machala, Ecuador. After a literature review of the main concepts around literature, education and audiovisual, the methodology of action-research is used, with an experimental approach, in the production and editing of a video based on the work El Tunel’ by the Argentine writer Ernesto Sabato to finally carry out a study of perception and receptivity among the students.

The Gartner Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies highlights “augmented human technologies” as one of their emerging trends, while the Future Today Institute alludes to the potential of extended reality (digitally manipulated environments encompassing virtual and augmented reality) for the development of new applications with great informative value. Based on this, the current study brings together in-depth interviews with experts who analyze the possibilities of augmented reality (AR) in journalism, including its weaknesses and some proposals for new journalistic scenarios. The study concludes that, according to experts, the use of AR in daily systems and applications is key to establishing this technology. In addition, experts stress the need to carry out sociological and ethical studies of its impact, as well as experimental research on the use of augmented senses in humans, including both visual and haptic augmentation and hearing. Resumen El Gartner hype cycle for emerging technologies destaca las “tecnologías humanas aumentadas” como una de las tendencias emergentes; mientras que el Future Today Institute alude al potencial de la realidad extendida (entornos manipulados digitalmente que abarca la realidad virtual y aumentada) para el desarrollo de nuevas aplicaciones de gran valor informativo. Partiendo de ello, el estudio reúne entrevistas en profundidad a expertos que analizan las posibilidades de la realidad aumentada (RA) en el periodismo y sus debilidades, y propone nuevos escenarios a nivel periodístico. Según los expertos, el uso de RA en sistemas y aplicaciones de uso diario es el punto clave para asentar esta tecnología. Además, inciden en la necesidad de realizar estudios sociológicos y éticos de su impacto, así como investigaciones experimentales sobre el uso de sentidos aumentados en humanos, tanto el aumento visual como la háptica y la audición.

The tourism industry has been affected dramatically by the appearance of the Web 2. This research aims to perform a clear and measurable evaluation of a varied sample of ten of these travel blogs and their application of the Web 2.0 attributes in order to present a potential set of guidelines to be applied by future blogs. The study is based on an in depth comparative analysis of various metrics related to the blogs’ profile, content, website performance/usability, social media, and marketing usage, with the help of different tables that were created for each of these sections. The results are later combined with the expert opinion of five different travel, journalism, and/or digital communication professionals. It is anticipated that travel blogs that operate as businesses utilize the Web 2.0 tools and informative attributes not only in their content, but also in their distribution, design, and digital ecosystems.

El consumo de noticias se ha convertido en una experiencia social. En este escenario nos planteamos responder al interrogante: ¿De qué conversan los periodistas españoles en Twitter? Este trabajo estudia qué tipo de contenido emiten en Twitter para establecer si la vinculación de estos profesionales con los medios convencionales o con los cibermedios influye en la orientación temática de su actividad en Twitter. Se ha trabajado con tres muestras (portadas de cinco diarios de referencia de España, diez cuentas de Twitter de periodistas de medios de comunicación tradicionales y diez cuentas de ciberperiodistas). La investigación, de dos años de duración, ha analizado 3.500 tuits a partir de un sistema de clasificación de unidades de registro conformado por 35 categorías temáticas. El estudio concluye, entre otros aspectos, que la política nacional e internacional es el gran tema de Twitter junto a una preocupación creciente por el terrorismo yihadista y los asuntos del contexto iberoamericano por encima del europeo. El trabajo advierte también de la existencia de ciertas brechas temáticas sobre sociedad, cultura, arte o ciencia. Además se detecta una tendencia creciente del uso de la plataforma con fines de autopromoción por parte de los periodistas. The consumption of news has become a social experience. In this scenario, we set out to answer the following question: What are Spanish journalists talking about on Twitter? This work studies what type of content they emit on Twitter to establish if the link between these professionals and the mass media or with the cybermedia influences the thematic orientation of their tweet. The study has worked with three samples (a sample of covers of five newspapers of reference of Spain, a sample of ten accounts of Twitter corresponding to journalists from mass communication media and a sample of ten accounts of cyberjournalists). The two-year research has analyzed 3.500 tweets based on a classification system of registration units made up of 35 thematic categories. The study concludes, among other aspects, that politics (national and international) is the great theme of Twitter along with a growing concern for jihadist terrorism and issues of the Ibero-American context over Europe. The work also warns of the existence of thematic gaps in certain areas (such as society, culture, art or science). In addition, an increasing tendency of the use of the platform for the purpose of self-promotion by journalists is detected.

espanolEste estudio analiza la percepcion de los profesores respecto al desarrollo de competencias a partir de proyectos de el aprendizaje de servicio (ApS). ApS es una metodologia activa en la que se combina aprendizaje academico y formacion para la ciudadania y la responsabilidad social. A pesar de que el enfoque de los proyectos suele estar en el aprendizaje de los alumnos, las experiencias en ApS permiten una construccion global y holistica del conocimiento. Esta investigacion, fundamentada en un paradigma mixto, ha aplicado un cuestionario semi-estructurado a 34 profesores de Espana, Portugal y diferentes paises de America Latina que han participado en proyectos de ApS. Los resultados evidencian una percepcion positiva de los docentes respecto a la adquisicion de competencias relacionadas con el ApS. Sin embargo, el estudio advierte de la necesidad de formacion especifica para esta metodologia en concreto EnglishThis study analyzes teachers’ perceptions of competence development in service-learning (S-L) projects. S-L is an active methodology that combines academic learning and training for citizens and social responsibility. Although the focus of S-L projects is usually on the students' learning, experiences in S-L allow a global and holistic knowledge construction. This study was based on a mixed paradigm. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 34 teachers from Spain, Portugal and different Latin American countries that had previously participated in S-L projects. The results showed positive teacher’s perception of skill acquisition related to SL. However, this study warns of the need for specific training for this particular methodology.

Augmented reality has inaugurated new developments that enable the creation of content of various kinds. Based on the case study methodology, the work analyzes 10 successful experiences of using augmented reality linked to television, the press and digital media. The investigation concludes that the use of augmented reality without a journalistic purpose can harm the media. La realidad aumentada ha inaugurado nuevos desarrollos que posibilitan la creación de contenidos de diversa índole. A partir de la metodología del estudio de caso, el trabajo analiza 10 experiencias de éxito de uso de la realidad aumentada vinculadas con la televisión, la prensa y los cibermedios. La investigación concluye que el uso de la realidad aumentada sin una finalidad periodística puede perjudicar a los medios.